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Portilla Llerena JP, Kiyota E, dos Santos FRC, Garcia JC, de Lima RF, Mayer JLS, dos Santos Brito M, Mazzafera P, Creste S, Nobile PM. ShF5H1 overexpression increases syringyl lignin and improves saccharification in sugarcane leaves. GM CROPS & FOOD 2024; 15:67-84. [PMID: 38507337 PMCID: PMC10956634 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2024.2325181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The agricultural sugarcane residues, bagasse and straws, can be used for second-generation ethanol (2GE) production by the cellulose conversion into glucose (saccharification). However, the lignin content negatively impacts the saccharification process. This polymer is mainly composed of guaiacyl (G), hydroxyphenyl (H), and syringyl (S) units, the latter formed in the ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H) branch of the lignin biosynthesis pathway. We have generated transgenic lines overexpressing ShF5H1 under the control of the C4H (cinnamate 4-hydroxylase) rice promoter, which led to a significant increase of up to 160% in the S/G ratio and 63% in the saccharification efficiency in leaves. Nevertheless, the content of lignin was unchanged in this organ. In culms, neither the S/G ratio nor sucrose accumulation was altered, suggesting that ShF5H1 overexpression would not affect first-generation ethanol production. Interestingly, the bagasse showed a significantly higher fiber content. Our results indicate that the tissue-specific manipulation of the biosynthetic branch leading to S unit formation is industrially advantageous and has established a foundation for further studies aiming at refining lignin modifications. Thus, the ShF5H1 overexpression in sugarcane emerges as an efficient strategy to improve 2GE production from straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Portilla Llerena
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Academic Department of Biology, Professional and Academic School of Biology, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Eduardo Kiyota
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Julio C. Garcia
- Centro de Cana, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Michael dos Santos Brito
- Centro de Cana, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mazzafera
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Silvana Creste
- Centro de Cana, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Letourneau DR, Volmer DA. Mass spectrometry-based methods for the advanced characterization and structural analysis of lignin: A review. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:144-188. [PMID: 34293221 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is currently one of the most promising biologically derived resources, due to its abundance and application in biofuels, materials and conversion to value aromatic chemicals. The need to better characterize and understand this complex biopolymer has led to the development of many different analytical approaches, several of which involve mass spectrometry and subsequent data analysis. This review surveys the most important analytical methods for lignin involving mass spectrometry, first looking at methods involving gas chromatography, liquid chromatography and then continuing with more contemporary methods such as matrix assisted laser desorption ionization and time-of-flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry. Following that will be techniques that directly ionize lignin mixtures-without chromatographic separation-using softer atmospheric ionization techniques that leave the lignin oligomers intact. Finally, ultra-high resolution mass analyzers such as FT-ICR have enabled lignin analysis without major sample preparation and chromatography steps. Concurrent with an increase in the resolution of mass spectrometers, there have been a wealth of complementary data analyses and visualization methods that have allowed researchers to probe deeper into the "lignome" than ever before. These approaches extract trends such as compound series and even important analytical information about lignin substructures without performing lignin degradation either chemically or during MS analysis. These innovative methods are paving the way for a more comprehensive understanding of this important biopolymer, as we seek more sustainable solutions for our human species' energy and materials needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane R Letourneau
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietrich A Volmer
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Jeena GS, Joshi A, Shukla RK. Bm-miR172c-5p Regulates Lignin Biosynthesis and Secondary Xylem Thickness by Altering the Ferulate 5 Hydroxylase Gene in Bacopa monnieri. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:894-912. [PMID: 34009389 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding, endogenous RNAs containing 20-24 nucleotides that regulate the expression of target genes involved in various plant processes. A total of 1,429 conserved miRNAs belonging to 95 conserved miRNA families and 12 novel miRNAs were identified from Bacopa monnieri using small RNA sequencing. The Bm-miRNA target transcripts related to the secondary metabolism were further selected for validation. The Bm-miRNA expression in shoot and root tissues was negatively correlated with their target transcripts. The Bm-miRNA cleavage sites were mapped within the coding or untranslated region as depicted by the modified RLM-RACE. In the present study, we validate three miRNA targets, including asparagine synthetase, cycloartenol synthase and ferulate 5 hydroxylase (F5H) and elucidate the regulatory role of Bm-miR172c-5p, which cleaves the F5H gene involved in the lignin biosynthesis. Overexpression (OE) of Bm-miR172c-5p precursor in B. monnieri suppresses F5H gene, leading to reduced lignification and secondary xylem thickness under control and drought stress. By contrast, OE of endogenous target mimics (eTMs) showed enhanced lignification and secondary xylem thickness leading to better physiological response under drought stress. Taken together, we suggest that Bm-miRNA172c-5p might be a key player in maintaining the native phenotype of B. monnieri under control and different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajendra Singh Jeena
- Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Ashutosh Joshi
- Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Shukla
- Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), P.O. CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow 226015, India
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Lee CJ, Kim SE, Park SU, Lim YH, Choi HY, Kim WG, Ji CY, Kim HS, Kwak SS. Tuberous roots of transgenic sweetpotato overexpressing IbCAD1 have enhanced low-temperature storage phenotypes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:549-557. [PMID: 34174660 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is associated with cell wall rigidity, water and solute transport, and resistance to diverse stresses in plants. Lignin consists of polymerized monolignols (p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols), which are synthesized by cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) in the phenylpropanoid pathway. We previously investigated cold-induced IbCAD1 expression by transcriptome profiling of cold-stored tuberous roots of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam). In this study, we confirmed that IbCAD1 expression levels depended on the sweetpotato root type and were strongly induced by several abiotic stresses. We generated transgenic sweetpotato plants overexpressing IbCAD1 (TC plants) to investigate CAD1 physiological functions in sweetpotato. TC plants displayed lower root weights and lower ratios of tuberous roots to pencil roots than non-transgenic (NT) plants. The lignin contents in tuberous roots of NT and TC plants differed slightly, but these differences were not significant. By contrast, monolignol levels and syringyl (S)/guaiacyl (G) ratios were higher in TC plants than NT plants, primarily owing to syringyl unit accumulation. Tuberous roots of TC plants displayed enhanced low-temperature (4 °C) storage with lower malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents than NT plants. We propose that high monolignol levels in TC tuberous roots served as substrates for increased peroxidase activity, thereby enhancing antioxidation capacity against cold stress-induced reactive oxygen species. Increased monolignol contents and/or increased S/G ratios might contribute to pathogen-induced stress tolerance as a secondary chilling-damage response in sweetpotato. These results provide novel information about CAD1 function in cold stress tolerance and root formation mechanisms in sweetpotato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Ju Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Eun Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sul-U Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Hoon Lim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Young Choi
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-Molecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Gon Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-Molecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yoon Ji
- R&D Center, Genolution Inc., 11, Beobwon-ro 11-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Soo Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Falcioni R, Moriwaki T, Perez-Llorca M, Munné-Bosch S, Gibin MS, Sato F, Pelozo A, Pattaro MC, Giacomelli ME, Rüggeberg M, Antunes WC. Cell wall structure and composition is affected by light quality in tomato seedlings. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 203:111745. [PMID: 31931381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Light affects many aspects of cell development. Tomato seedlings growing at different light qualities (white, blue, green, red, far-red) and in the dark displayed alterations in cell wall structure and composition. A strong and negative correlation was found between cell wall thickness and hypocotyl growth. Cell walls was thicker under blue and white lights and thinner under far-red light and in the dark, while intermediate values was observed for red or green lights. Additionally, the inside layer surface of cell wall presented random deposited microfibrillae angles under far-red light and in the dark. However, longitudinal transmission electron microscopy indicates a high frequency of microfibrils close to parallels related to the elongation axis in the outer layer. This was confirmed by ultra-high resolution small angle X-ray scattering. These data suggest that cellulose microfibrils would be passively reoriented in the longitudinal direction. As the cell expands, the most recently deposited layers (inside) behave differentially oriented compared to older (outer) layers in the dark or under FR lights, agreeing with the multinet growth hypothesis. High Ca and pectin levels were found in the cell wall of seedlings growing under blue and white light, also contributing to the low extensibility of the cell wall. Low Ca and pectin contents were found in the dark and under far-red light. Auxins marginally stimulated growth in thin cell wall circumstances. Hypocotyl growth was stimulated by gibberellins under blue light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Falcioni
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thaise Moriwaki
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marina Perez-Llorca
- Antiox Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Antiox Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana Sversut Gibin
- Optical Spectroscopy and Thermophysical Properties Research Group, Department of Physics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Francielle Sato
- Optical Spectroscopy and Thermophysical Properties Research Group, Department of Physics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Andressa Pelozo
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Plant Anatomy Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana Carmona Pattaro
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marina Ellen Giacomelli
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Markus Rüggeberg
- Wood Material Science, Institute for Building Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Schafmattstrasse 6, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Werner Camargos Antunes
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
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Abstract
We used primers designed on conserved gene regions of several species to isolate the most expressed genes of the lignin pathway in four Saccharum species. S. officinarum and S. barberi have more sucrose in the culms than S. spontaneum and S. robustum, but less polysaccharides and lignin in the cell wall. S. spontaneum, and S. robustum had the lowest S/G ratio and a lower rate of saccharification in mature internodes. Surprisingly, except for CAD, 4CL, and CCoAOMT for which we found three, two, and two genes, respectively, only one gene was found for the other enzymes and their sequences were highly similar among the species. S. spontaneum had the highest expression for most genes. CCR and CCoAOMT B presented the highest expression; 4CL and F5H showed increased expression in mature tissues; C3H and CCR had higher expression in S. spontaneum, and one of the CADs isolated (CAD B) had higher expression in S. officinarum. The similarity among the most expressed genes isolated from these species was unexpected and indicated that lignin biosynthesis is conserved in Saccharum including commercial varieties Thus the lignin biosynthesis control in sugarcane may be only fully understood with the knowledge of the promotor region of each gene.
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Strehmel N, Strunk D, Strehmel V. White Birch Trunk Extracts as a Source of Organic Compounds. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Strehmel
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology; Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry; Weinberg 3 D-06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
- Federal Institute of Forensic and Social Medicine; Turmstraße 21 D-10559 Berlin Germany
| | - David Strunk
- Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry; Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences; Adlerstrasse 32 D-47798 Krefeld Germany
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry; Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences; Adlerstrasse 32 D-47798 Krefeld Germany
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Salvato F, Wilson R, Portilla Llerena JP, Kiyota E, Lima Reis K, Boaretto LF, Balbuena TS, Azevedo RA, Thelen JJ, Mazzafera P. Luxurious Nitrogen Fertilization of Two Sugar Cane Genotypes Contrasting for Lignin Composition Causes Changes in the Stem Proteome Related to Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxidant Metabolism but Does Not Alter Lignin Content. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:3688-3703. [PMID: 28836437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sugar cane is an important crop for sugar and biofuel production. Its lignocellulosic biomass represents a promising option as feedstock for second-generation ethanol production. Nitrogen fertilization can affect differently tissues and its biopolymers, including the cell-wall polysaccharides and lignin. Lignin content and composition are the most important factors associated with biomass recalcitrance to convert cell-wall polysaccharides into fermentable sugars. Thus it is important to understand the metabolic relationship between nitrogen fertilization and lignin in this feedstock. In this study, a large-scale proteomics approach based on GeLC-MS/MS was employed to identify and relatively quantify proteins differently accumulated in two contrasting genotypes for lignin composition after excessive nitrogen fertilization. From the ∼1000 nonredundant proteins identified, 28 and 177 were differentially accumulated in response to nitrogen from IACSP04-065 and IACSP04-627 lines, respectively. These proteins were associated with several functional categories, including carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein turnover, and oxidative stress. Although nitrogen fertilization has not changed lignin content, phenolic acids and lignin composition were changed in both species but not in the same way. Sucrose and reducing sugars increased in plants of the genotype IACSP04-065 receiving nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Salvato
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo , Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Rashaun Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Juan Pablo Portilla Llerena
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Kiyota
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Karina Lima Reis
- Universidade de São Paulo , Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Boaretto
- Universidade de São Paulo , Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Tiago S Balbuena
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" , Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Azevedo
- Universidade de São Paulo , Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Jay J Thelen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Paulo Mazzafera
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo , Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
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Biological valorization of low molecular weight lignin. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1318-1346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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