1
|
Xiong L, Sun S, Lu X, Wang X, Yu Q, Qian X. Detecting the therapeutic drugs in blood samples through PDMS-printed paper spray mass spectrometry. Talanta 2024; 278:126476. [PMID: 38950501 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, paper microfluidic channel fabricated by directly screen-printing of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is proposed for paper spray mass spectrometry analysis of therapeutic drugs in the blood samples. Compared with traditional paper spray, PDMS-printed paper spray (PP-PS) allows fluid to flow to the tip of paper with less sample loss which significantly improved the signal intensity of target compounds in blood samples. As paper can reduce the matrix effect, PP-PS also has a greater advantage than electro-spray Ionization (ESI) when directly analyzing complex biological sample in terms of the detection efficiency. Linearity and limits of detection (LOD) were evaluated for five psychotropic drugs: olanzapine, quetiapine, 9-hydroxyrisperidone, clozapine, risperidone. As a result, PP-PS improved the signal intensity of the psychotropic drugs at a concentration of 250 ng/ml in blood samples by a factor of 2-5 times and lowered the relative standard deviation (RSD) by a factor of 2-5.6 times compared with traditional paper spray. And PP-PS also improved signal intensity by a factor of 9-33 times compared with ESI. Quantitative experiments of PP-PS mass spectrometry indicated that the linear range was 5-500 ng/ml and the LOD were improved by a factor of 5-71 times for all these drugs compared with traditional paper spray. In addition, PP-PS was applied to the home-made miniaturized mass spectrometer and the precursor ions of all five psychotropic drugs (250 ng/ml) in the mass spectrometry results were obtained as well. These could prove that PP-PS has the potential to analyze complex biological samples in application on the miniaturized mass spectrometer which can be used outside the laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lian Xiong
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shuang Sun
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xinqiong Lu
- Shenzhen Chin Instrument Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Quan Yu
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiang Qian
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang Y, Zheng Y, Zuo Q, Zhang Z, Zhu L, Li Y, Zhang Z. Surface charge-induced electrospray for high-throughput analysis of complex samples and electrochemical reaction intermediates using mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2002-2008. [PMID: 38497481 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00276h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Electrospray-related ion sources are promising for direct mass spectrometric analysis of complex samples, but current protocols suffer from complicated components and low analytical sensitivity. Here, we propose a surface charge-induced electrospray ionization (SCIESI) inspired by flashover on an insulator surface under high voltage. This protocol not only effectively avoids contact between the sample solution and metal electrode, but also allows completion of the entire analytical process in less than 40 seconds and limits of detection in the pictogram per milliliter range. SCIESI coupled to mass spectrometry can also be used to monitor electro-chemical processes, and a number of oxidation and reduction reactions have been studied, demonstrating that it is a powerful tool for understanding electrochemical reaction mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Yajun Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Qianqian Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Lixuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Yun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zheng Y, Huang Y, Zuo Q, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Zhang Z. On-Demand Portable Paper-Based Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for High-Sensitivity Analysis of Complex Samples. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6163-6171. [PMID: 36996354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Paper spray ionization has been demonstrated to be the most promising substrate-based source, but this technique suffers from the low desorption efficiency of target compounds and poor portability. In the current study, we describe a portable paper-based electrospray ionization (PPESI) in which a piece of triangle paper and adsorbent are packed sequentially into a modified disposable micropipette tip. This source not only captures the feature of paper spray and adsorbent for highly efficient suppression of sample matrixes for target compound analysis but also takes advantage of a micropipette tip to prevent spray solvent from rapid evaporation. The performance of developed PPESI depends on the type and amount of packed adsorbent, paper substrate, and spray solvent and applied voltage. Moreover, by contrast to other related sources, the analytical sensitivity and the spray duration of PPESI in tandem with MS have been improved by factors of 2.8-32.3 and 2.0-13.3, respectively. Based on its high accuracy (>96%) and precision (less than 3% relative standard deviation), the PPESI coupled to a mass spectrometer has been used to determine diverse therapeutic drugs and pesticides in complex biological (e.g., whole blood, serum, and urine) and food (e.g., milk and orange juice) matrixes, and the limits of detection and quantification were 2-4 pg mL-1 and 7-13 pg mL-1, respectively. Taking the portability, high sensitivity, and repeatability, the technique may be a promising alternative for complex sample analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Yajie Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Qianqian Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Yuhua Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiao B, Zhou W, Liu Y, Zhang W, Ouyang Z. In-situ sampling of lipids in tissues using a porous membrane microprobe for direct mass spectrometry analysis. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100424. [PMID: 36157050 PMCID: PMC9490171 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Direct sampling of lipids from tissues for direct mass spectrometry (MS) analysis allows a quick profiling of lipidome, which is important for biomedical applications. In this work, we developed a polyporous polymeric membrane (PPM) microprobe for highly efficient sampling of lipids directly from tissue samples. The PPM was prepared by polypropylene with pores as large of 10 μm, facilitating the permeation of lipids from tissue surfaces. The PPM was coated onto a stainless steel wire with a thickness of ∼100 μm. The entire analysis procedure includes sampling of the lipids in tissue, washing the probe, and extraction spray ionization for MS analysis. The effectiveness was validated by analyzing mouse brain tissue samples. It showed high recoveries for a series of lipid classes in comparison with total lipid extraction method. Further demonstration was carried out with analysis of tissue samples from mouse liver, stomach, kidney and legs. With high physical strength and good chemical stability, the microprobe was also demonstrated for sampling lipids inside mouse kidney tissue samples. By incorporating a photochemical derivatization, a workflow was also developed for fast detection of lipid C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>C isomers in tissue samples. Finally, a microprobe array was also developed for simultaneous sampling of lipids from multiple sites on tissue surfaces.
Collapse
|
5
|
Rankin-Turner S, Heaney LM. Deployable Mass Spectrometry for Rapid On-Site Bioanalysis. LCGC NORTH AMERICA 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.na.lt8569n1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Benchtop liquid chromatography (LC)–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and benchtop gas chromatography–MS (GC–MS) have been the gold standard in bioanalysis for decades, employed in clinical, forensic, and anti-doping laboratories worldwide. However, traditional instrumentation is subject to limitations that severely restrict the speed at which samples can be analyzed, the ease with which materials can be prepared, and the location where the analysis must be performed. With the advent of ambient ionization and portable mass spectrometers, the ability to perform rapid, on-site analysis is fast becoming a reality. Without the need for extensive sample preparation, analysis times as low as several seconds, and the ability to perform analysis remote from the laboratory, deployable mass spectrometers have the potential to revolutionize bioanalysis. However, several challenges must be tackled before this innovative technology can be widely adopted.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu F, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Ma Q, Zhang Z. Portable paper-in-tip spray ionization for the direct mass spectrometric analysis of target analytes in biofluid samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:222-227. [PMID: 34939624 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01907d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Portable sampling of target analytes in complex biofluid samples makes mass spectrometric analysis more efficient. This study reports the development of paper-in-tip spray ionization for solid-phase microextraction and in situ electrospray of therapeutic drugs and proteins in complex biological matrices using a piece of hydrophobic paper substrate. This technique possesses a long (more than 8 min) and stable spray duration with only 20 μL of spray solvent. The entire analytical process for a complex sample can be completed in less than 1.5 min and enables high sensitivity (picogram-per-milliliter level) and high quantitation precision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Yajun Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Qiang Ma
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rapid quantitative analysis of hormones in serum by multilayer paper spray MS: Free MS from HPLC. Talanta 2022; 237:122900. [PMID: 34736715 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Developing rapid and reliable method for simultaneous hormones quantitation is of great significant because of important roles of hormones in metabolism. However, current methods are faced with problems of low throughput or complicated operation procedure to remove matrices from serum samples in routine clinical diagnosis. In the present work, a multilayer PS-MS method was developed for rapid and simple detection of hormones. In the strategy, multilayer filter paper acted as the Liquid Chromatography in LC-MS/MS for separation of hormones and biological matrices. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of three hormones, testosterone (T), androsterone (ADT) and androstenedione (4-AD) were realized through MS/MS spectra. The method exhibited linearity in the range of 0.02-2 μg/L and the results of recovery and repeatability were satisfactory for standard samples and spiked serum. The time-cost of a whole detection process was less than 3 min. The established multilayer PS-MS realized rapid, simple and reliable quantitative analysis of various hormones and provided broad prospect for clinical analysis of small molecules in different biological samples. Moreover, it provides a novel MS approach with high through-put and free HPLC, meeting the requirements of point-of-care testing (POCT).
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu T, Ma M, Sun G, Zhang S, Zhang X. The simultaneous quantitative detection of multiple hormones based on PS-MS: affinity capture by a single antibody. Analyst 2022; 147:1853-1858. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00029f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we utilized single antibody to capture and separate multiple hormones from samples to avoid LC procedures and MS/MS detection to realize simultaneously qualitative and quantitative analysis of multiple molecules in a single run.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mingying Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gongwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sichun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou X, Zhang W, Ouyang Z. Recent advances in on-site mass spectrometry analysis for clinical applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022; 149:116548. [PMID: 35125564 PMCID: PMC8802081 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, mass spectrometry (MS) is increasingly attracting interests for clinical applications, which also calls for technical innovations to make a transfer of MS from conventional analytical laboratories to clinics. The system design and analysis procedure should be friendly for novice users and appliable for on-site clinical diagnosis. In addition, the analysis result should be auto-interpreted and reported in formats much simpler than mass spectra. This motivates new ideas for developments in all the aspects of MS. In this review, we report recent advances of direct sampling ionization and miniature MS system, which have been developed targeting clinical and even point-of-care analysis. We also discuss the trend of the development and provide perspective on the technical challenges raised by diseases such as coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jiao B, Ye H, Liu X, Bu J, Wu J, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Ouyang Z. Handheld Mass Spectrometer with Intelligent Adaptability for On-Site and Point-of-Care Analysis. Anal Chem 2021; 93:15607-15616. [PMID: 34780167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of miniature mass spectrometry (MS) systems with simple analysis procedures is important for the transition of applying MS analysis outside traditional analytical laboratories. Here, we present Mini 14, a handheld MS instrument with disposable sample cartridges designed based on the ambient ionization concept for intrasurgical tissue analysis and surface analysis. The instrumentation architecture consists of a single-stage vacuum chamber with a discontinuous atmospheric interface and a linear ion trap. A major effort in this study for technical advancement is on making handheld MS systems capable of automatically adapting to complex conditions for in-field analysis. Machine learning is used to establish the model for autocorrecting the mass offsets in the mass scale due to temperature variations and a new strategy is developed to extend the dynamic concentration range for analysis. Mini 14 weighs 12 kg and can operate on battery power for more than 3 h. The mass range exceeds m/z 2000, and the full peak width at half-maximum is Δm/z 0.4 at a scanning speed of 700 Th/s. The direct analysis of human brain tissue for identifying glioma associated with isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations has been achieved and a limit of detection of 5 ng/mL has been obtained for analyzing illicit drugs in blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huimin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiexun Bu
- PURSPEC Technologies Inc., Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junhan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Institute of Forensic Science of China, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu C, Li Y, Xiong C, Nie Z. Development of capillary-paper spray for small-molecule analysis in complex samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1099-1106. [PMID: 33388931 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We develop a capillary-paper spray (CPS) ion source which allows for sample separation in the capillary and enables rapid and sensitive paper spray (PS) mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of biofluids. The CPS employs a glass capillary to load liquid analytes, vertically standing at the rear of the PS. To further reduce the matrix effect, a nitrocellulose filter membrane is placed between the glass tube and chromatography paper to absorb proteins and other macromolecules, which is beneficial for the detection of the small molecules. Compared with the normal PS method, the CPS method markedly improves spray stability and prolongs analysis duration, and also generates significantly better signal intensities during the analysis of drugs, thus indicating its potential for clinical use. As a proof of concept, quantitative analysis of drugs (metformin hydrochloride and berberine hydrochloride) in serum is performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaozi Liu
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuze Li
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Caiqiao Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Zongxiu Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, Beijing, 100190, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ranganathan N, Lozier AM, Rawson MC, Johnson MB, Li P. Direct analysis of surface chemicals using vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8902. [PMID: 32692897 PMCID: PMC7811172 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Direct analysis of chemicals on a surface using mass spectrometry (MS) is of great importance in forensics, food and drug safety, environmental monitoring, and defense. Solvent extraction-based surface analysis offers a convenient way of controlling the desorption conditions and applying internal standards. To date, it mainly relies on a separate electrospray process to nebulize and ionize the solvents. Here, we report a simple and stand-alone ionization system for the solvent extraction-based surface analysis without the need for high voltage, based on vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (VSSI). METHODS We modified the original VSSI device and developed a stand-alone, integrated surface sampling, and ionization system for MS analysis. By incorporating a micropipette-based solvent dispenser with the VSSI device, the new system performs solvent extraction and ionization, and still maintains a small footprint. RESULTS We demonstrated a four order-of-magnitude linear response for glucose spotted on a glass surface with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 pg/mm2 . We further characterized the performance of this method with a series of compounds and demonstrated a similar LOD to literature values obtained by desorption electrospray ionization. Finally, we applied this method to quantitatively measure the concentration of a pesticide ametryn on spinach surfaces. We demonstrated good linearity (R2 = 0.99) for ametryn with surface densities in the range of 8-800 pg/mm2 and an LOD of 9 pg/mm2 . CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated a simple, effective, direct ambient-ionization method that is highly sensitive to molecules on a wide range of surfaces. The flexibility, small footprint, low cost, and voltage-free nature of this method make it an attractive technique for direct surface sample analysis using MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandhini Ranganathan
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Austin M. Lozier
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michael C. Rawson
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to P.L. ()
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Beneito-Cambra M, Gilbert-López B, Moreno-González D, Bouza M, Franzke J, García-Reyes JF, Molina-Díaz A. Ambient (desorption/ionization) mass spectrometry methods for pesticide testing in food: a review. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:4831-4852. [PMID: 33000770 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01474e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ambient mass spectrometry refers to the family of techniques that allows ions to be generated from condensed phase samples under ambient conditions and then, collected and analysed by mass spectrometry. One of their key advantages relies on their ability to allow the analysis of samples with minimal to no sample workup. This feature maps well to the requirements of food safety testing, in particular, those related to the fast determination of pesticide residues in foods. This review discusses the application of different ambient ionization methods for the qualitative and (semi)quantitative determination of pesticides in foods, with the focus on different specific methods used and their ionization mechanisms. More popular techniques used are those commercially available including desorption electrospray ionization (DESI-MS), direct analysis on real time (DART-MS), paper spray (PS-MS) and low-temperature plasma (LTP-MS). Several applications described with ambient MS have reported limits of quantitation approaching those of reference methods, typically based on LC-MS and generic sample extraction procedures. Some of them have been combined with portable mass spectrometers thus allowing "in situ" analysis. In addition, these techniques have the ability to map surfaces (ambient MS imaging) to unravel the distribution of agrochemicals on crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Beneito-Cambra
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group (FQM-323), Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kang M, Lian R, Zhang X, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Ouyang Z. Rapid and on-site detection of multiple fentanyl compounds by dual-ion trap miniature mass spectrometry system. Talanta 2020; 217:121057. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
15
|
Mielczarek P, Silberring J, Smoluch M. MINIATURIZATION IN MASS SPECTROMETRY. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:453-470. [PMID: 31793697 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Expectations for continuous miniaturization in mass spectrometry are not declining for years. Portable instruments are highly welcome by the industry, science, space agencies, forensic laboratories, and many other units. All are striving for the small, cheap, and as good as possible instruments. This review describes the recent developments of miniature mass spectrometers and also provides selected applications where these devices are used. Upcoming perspectives of further development are also discussed. @ 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Mielczarek
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Silberring
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Curie-Sklodowskiej St. 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marek Smoluch
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kang M, Zhang W, Dong L, Ren X, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Liang L, Xue J, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Ouyang Z. On-site testing of multiple drugs of abuse in urine by a miniature dual-LIT mass spectrometer. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1101:74-80. [PMID: 32029121 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for rapid and on-site detection of emerging drugs of abuse. In this work, we developed a method using a miniature dual-LIT (linear ion trap) mass spectrometer recently developed with comprehensive tandem mass spectrometry analysis capability, for qualitative and quantitative analysis of multiple drugs of abuse. Paper-capillary spray cartridges were used with related workflow established to simplify overall analysis procedure. Quantitation of ketamine and methamphetamine was achieved by beam-type collision-induced dissociation on the miniature dual-LIT mass spectrometer and a linear concentration range of 100-5000 ng/mL was obtained. The system has been applied in analysis of real urine samples from individuals addicted to morphine and methamphetamine use. The changes of the ratio of cocaine to its metabolite benzoylecgonine were also explored to estimate the time of cocaine intaking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manqing Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Wanru Zhang
- PURSPEC Technologies, Inc, 33 Shuangqing Road, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Linpei Dong
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Ren
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314006, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314006, China
| | - Lijun Liang
- Public Security Bureau of Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, 314000, China
| | - Jinfeng Xue
- Public Security Bureau of Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, 314000, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, 100038, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fu X, Qin Y, Xia B, Wang Y, Shi P, Zhou Y. High-sensitivity detection of therapeutic drugs in complex biofluids using a packed ballpoint-electrospray ionization technique. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:2711-2720. [PMID: 32140733 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive C18 packed ballpoint-electrospray ionization (PBP-ESI) technique was developed for biofluid analysis. In this technique, the configuration of a commercial ballpoint consisting of a hollow chamber, an intermediate socket, and a metal ball was fully exploited. The rear-end hollow chamber was used for loading C18 adsorbent and sample, and the front metal ball served as a spray emitter for online ionization. The good electrical conductivity of the metal body allowed high voltage to be conveniently applied to the ballpoint without inserting the electrode into the solution for electrical connection. Urine sample was directly analyzed with the C18 packed ballpoint; plasma and whole blood samples were premixed with C18 adsorbent before being packed into the ballpoint for detection. As a result of the sample cleanup by C18 adsorbent, the salt matrix in the urine sample as well as the phospholipid and protein matrices in plasma and whole blood samples was significantly reduced. The lower limits of quantitation (LLOQs) for urine, plasma, and whole blood samples reached the subnanogram-per-milliliter level. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Fu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 93 South Keyuan Road, Gaoxin Distinct, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongping Qin
- GCP Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bing Xia
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 93 South Keyuan Road, Gaoxin Distinct, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 93 South Keyuan Road, Gaoxin Distinct, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peiyu Shi
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 93 South Keyuan Road, Gaoxin Distinct, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 93 South Keyuan Road, Gaoxin Distinct, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Costa C, van Es EM, Sears P, Bunch J, Palitsin V, Cooper H, Bailey MJ. Exploring a route to a selective and sensitive portable system for explosive detection- swab spray ionisation coupled to of high-field assisted waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS). Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2019; 1:214-220. [PMID: 32411973 PMCID: PMC7219150 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Paper spray mass spectrometry is a rapid and sensitive tool for explosives detection but has so far only been demonstrated using high resolution mass spectrometry, which bears too high a cost for many practical applications. Here we explore the potential for paper spray to be implemented in field applications with portable mass spectrometry. This involved (a) replacing the paper substrate with a swabbing material (which we call “swab spray”) for compatibility with standard collection materials; (b) collection of explosives from surfaces; (c) an exploration of interferences within a ± 0.5 m/z window; and (d) demonstration of the use of high-field assisted waveform ion mobility spectrometer (FAIMS) for enhanced selectivity. We show that paper and Nomex® are viable collection materials, with Nomex providing cleaner spectra and therefore greater potential for integration with portable mass spectrometers. We show that sensitive detection using swab spray will require a mass spectrometer with a mass resolving power of 4000 or more. We show that by coupling the swab spray ionisation source with FAIMS, it is possible to reduce background interferences, thereby facilitating the use of a low resolving power (e.g. quadrupole) mass spectrometer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Costa
- Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - E M van Es
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - P Sears
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Sevenoaks, Kent, TN14 7BP, UK
| | - J Bunch
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Vladimir Palitsin
- Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - H Cooper
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - M J Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ranganathan N, Li C, Suder T, Karanji AK, Li X, He Z, Valentine SJ, Li P. Capillary Vibrating Sharp-Edge Spray Ionization (cVSSI) for Voltage-Free Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:824-831. [PMID: 30793264 PMCID: PMC6560627 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a continuous flow-based ionization method, capillary vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (cVSSI), that nebulizes liquid sample directly at the outlet of a capillary without using high-speed nebulization gas or a high electrical field. cVSSI is built upon the recently reported VSSI principle which nebulizes bulk liquid using vibrating sharp-edges. By attaching a short piece of fused silica capillary on top of the vibrating glass slide in VSSI, liquid is nebulized at the outlet of the capillary as the result of the vibration. Utilizing standard 360-μm OD/100-μm ID capillary, cVSSI works with a wide range of flow rates from 1 μL/min to 1 mL/min. The power consumption is as low as 130 mW. ESI-like MS spectra are obtained for small molecules, peptides, and proteins. Five orders of magnitude linear response for acetaminophen solution is achieved with a limit of detection (LOD) of 3 nM. cVSSI is also demonstrated to be compatible with LC-MS analysis. Two LC-MS applications are demonstrated with cVSSI: (1) separation and detection of a mixture of small molecules and (2) bottom-up proteomics using a protein digest. A mixture of nine common metabolites was appropriately separated and detected using LC-cVSSI-MS. In the bottom-up experiment, 78 peptides were detected using LC-cVSSI-MS/MS with a protein coverage of 100% for cytochrome c, which is comparable with the coverage obtained using LC-ESI-MS. cVSSI offers a means of interfacing LC or other continuous flow-based applications to mass spectrometers with the salient features of voltage-free, flexibility, small footprint, and low power consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandhini Ranganathan
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Chong Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Ahmad K Karanji
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Xiaojun Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ziyi He
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stephen J Valentine
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Direct sampling mass spectrometry (MS) has been advancing aggressively, showing immense potential in translating MS into the clinical field. Unlike traditional MS analysis involving extensive sample preparation and chromatographic separation, quick and simple procedures with minimal sample pretreatment or purification became available with direct sampling. An overview of the development in this field is provided, including some representative ambient ionization and fast extraction methods. Quantitative applications of these methods are emphasized and their efficacy are highlighted from a clinical aspect; non-quantitative applications in clinical analysis are also discussed. This review also discusses the integration of direct sampling MS with miniature mass spectrometers and its future outlook as an emerging clinical tool for point-of-care analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Spencer Chiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Development of paper substrate for paper spray MS in high-sensitivity analysis of biological samples. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:2047-2067. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Paper spray (PS) has demonstrated a promising future for direct mass spectrometric analysis. In the process of PS, paper substrate has been demonstrated as a crucial factor in determining the final performance of PS-MS, and therefore much attention is paid to modification of paper substrate. In this review, we systematically introduce the development of paper substrate for PS. Various commercial and modified papers are comprehensively reviewed, and much effort is focused on some physical and chemical approaches for modification of paper substrate. The application of modified paper substrates to biological sample analyses is discussed. The future promising directions of paper substrate for PS are highlighted.
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
This paper focuses on one of the most commonly encountered materials in our society, namely paper. Paper is an inherently complex material, yet its use provides for chemical analysis approaches that are elegant in their simplicity of execution. In the first half of the previous century, paper in scientific research was used mainly for filtration and chromatographic separation. While its use decreased with the rise of modern elution chromatography, paper remains a versatile substrate for low-cost analytical tests. Recently, we have seen renewed interest to work with paper in (bio)analytical science, a result of the growing demand for inexpensive, portable analysis. Dried blood spotting, paper microfluidics, and paper spray ionization are areas in which paper is (re)establishing itself as an important material. These research areas all exploit several properties of paper, including stable sample storage, passive fluid movement and manipulation, chromatographic separation/extraction, modifiable surface and/or volume, easily altered shape, easy transport, and low cost. We propose that the real, and to date underexploited, potential of paper lies in utilizing its combined characteristics to add new dimensions to paper-based (bio)chemical analysis, expanding its applicability. This article provides the reader with a short historical perspective on the scientific use of paper and the developments that led to the establishment of the aforementioned research areas. We review important characteristics of paper and place them in a scientific context in this descriptive, yet critical, assessment of the achieved and the achievable in paper-based analysis. The ultimate goal is the exploration of integrative approaches at the interface between the different fields in which paper is or can be used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Ij Salentijn
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy , University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AV Groningen , The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry , Wageningen University and Research , Stippeneng 4 , 6708 WE Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | - M Grajewski
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy , University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AV Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - E Verpoorte
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy , University of Groningen , Antonius Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AV Groningen , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Tavares LS, Carvalho TC, Romão W, Vaz BG, Chaves AR. Paper Spray Tandem Mass Spectrometry Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Substrate for Cocaine Analysis in Oral Fluid. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:566-572. [PMID: 29196983 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a new direct and fast method of analysis employing paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS). The paper used in the proposed method was modified with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) to create a specific site for cocaine analysis in oral fluid. MIP membrane was successfully synthetized and employed. The developed method showed to be linear in a concentration range from LOQ to 100 ng mL-1. The experimental value of LOQ obtained was 1 ng mL-1. The inter-day and intra-day precision and accuracy of the PS-MS method presented values lower than 15%. The total recoveries were also evaluated. The PS-MS method for the analysis of cocaine in oral fluid showed to be very promising and the validation parameters showed a good correlation with the literature. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmyla S Tavares
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Thays C Carvalho
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Romão
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Boniek G Vaz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Ciências Forenses, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andréa R Chaves
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Aliaga-Aguilar H. Characterization and Analysis of Paper Spray Ionization of Organic Compounds. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:17-25. [PMID: 29038995 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1826-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Paper spray ionization has arisen relatively recently as a complement and alternative to electro- and nanospray ionization with silica capillaries. A majority of the work in the present literature focuses on the chemical aspect of paper spray. In order to study the physical and phenomenological facet of its implementation, we measured current and voltage distributions of Taylor cones. To study transport phenomena on filter paper, we addressed the behavior of large, sparingly soluble tetraalkylammonium ions, which are usually used as mobility standards, in paper spray. The variation of intensity with time of monomers and dimers of these ions was measured with a differential mobility analyzer and compared with that produced by contamination in the paper. At the same time, we evaluated the proficiency of different paper spray techniques for protein analysis using nano spray as a reference. Experiments suggest that Taylor cones in paper spray are subject to hysteresis, whereas transport phenomena in the porous substrate notably affects the ionization of the sample. Additionally, we observed that paper spray tends to favor lower charge states in proteins. Graphical Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Aliaga-Aguilar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Ave., New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Organización, Administración de Empresas y Estadística, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Plaza del Cardenal Cisneros, 3, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Using miniature MS system with automatic blood sampler for preclinical pharmacokinetics study. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:1633-1641. [PMID: 29095035 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Preclinical pharmacokinetic studies are an essential part of modern drug development. In this work, we explored a new solution with onsite analysis using a miniature MS system, which can significantly improve the efficiency of the preclinical study. Materials & methods: A miniature mass spectrometer was used with an automatic blood sampler for onsite quantitation of drug compounds in whole blood samples. Slug-flow microextraction was used to replace the in-lab sample preparation. RESULTS & CONCLUSION Animal studies were carried out using two drug compounds, using the auto sampler to take blood samples at preprogrammed time points. The miniature MS system was used to obtain drug concentrations, which were subsequently used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters.
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang W, Wang X, Xia Y, Ouyang Z. Ambient Ionization and Miniature Mass Spectrometry Systems for Disease Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring. Theranostics 2017; 7:2968-2981. [PMID: 28839457 PMCID: PMC5566099 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry has become a powerful tool in the field of biomedicine. The combination of ambient ionization and miniature mass spectrometry systems could most likely fulfill a significant need in medical diagnostics, providing highly specific molecular information in real time for clinical and even point-of-care analysis. In this review, we discuss the recent development of ambient ionization and miniature mass spectrometers as well as their potential in disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring, with an emphasis on their capability in analysis of biofluids and tissues. We also speculate the future development of the integrated, miniature MS systems and provide our perspectives on the challenges in technical development as well as possible solutions for path forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pu F, Zhang W, Han C, Ouyang Z. Fast Quantitation of Pyrazole Fungicides in Wine by Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2017; 9:5058-5064. [PMID: 29255494 PMCID: PMC5731662 DOI: 10.1039/c7ay01534h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides are widely used for growing the grapes that are used for making wines. Chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry is usually time and labor consuming for quantitation of fungicides in wines. In this work, a simple ambient mass spectrometry method using paper capillary spray was developed for the fast quantitation of four pyrazole fungicides in wines. Direct analysis of the wine samples was achieved without any sample preparation, obtaining limits of quantitation as low as 2 ng/mL for all four pyrazole fungicides. Quality control experiments also showed adequate accuracy and precision for the analysis of pyrazole fungicides in wine products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and
Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing
100084, China
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
47907, USA
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West
Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Chao Han
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West
Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Wenzhou Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of P.R.C,
Wenzhou 325027, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and
Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing
100084, China
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West
Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li LH, Hsieh HY, Hsu CC. Clinical Application of Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2017; 6:S0060. [PMID: 28337399 PMCID: PMC5359754 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient ionization allows mass spectrometry analysis directly on the sample surface under atmospheric pressure with almost zero sample pretreatment. Since the development of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) in 2004, many other ambient ionization techniques were developed. Due to their simplicity and low operation cost, rapid and on-site clinical mass spectrometry analysis becomes real. In this review, we will highlight some of the most widely used ambient ionization mass spectrometry approaches and their applications in clinical study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Hua-Yi Hsieh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Colletes TC, Garcia PT, Campanha RB, Abdelnur PV, Romão W, Coltro WKT, Vaz BG. A new insert sample approach to paper spray mass spectrometry: a paper substrate with paraffin barriers. Analyst 2017; 141:1707-13. [PMID: 26817814 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01954k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The analytical performance for paper spray (PS) using a new insert sample approach based on paper with paraffin barriers (PS-PB) is presented. The paraffin barrier is made using a simple, fast and cheap method based on the stamping of paraffin onto a paper surface. Typical operation conditions of paper spray such as the solvent volume applied on the paper surface, and the paper substrate type are evaluated. A paper substrate with paraffin barriers shows better performance on analysis of a range of typical analytes when compared to the conventional PS-MS using normal paper (PS-NP) and PS-MS using paper with two rounded corners (PS-RC). PS-PB was applied to detect sugars and their inhibitors in sugarcane bagasse liquors from a second generation ethanol process. Moreover, the PS-PB proved to be excellent, showing results for the quantification of glucose in hydrolysis liquors with excellent linearity (R(2) = 0.99), limits of detection (2.77 mmol L(-1)) and quantification (9.27 mmol L(-1)). The results are better than for PS-NP and PS-RC. The PS-PB was also excellent in performance when compared with the HPLC-UV method for glucose quantification on hydrolysis of liquor samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T C Colletes
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - P T Garcia
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | | | | | - W Romão
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Espírito Santo, 29106-010, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil and Petroleomic and Forensic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - W K T Coltro
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - B G Vaz
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Peacock
- First State IR, LLC , 118 Susan Drive, Hockessin, Delaware 19707, United States
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Sarah Trimpin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ma X, Ouyang Z. Ambient ionization and miniature mass spectrometry system for chemical and biological analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2016; 85:10-19. [PMID: 28042191 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ambien ionization and miniaturization of mass spectrometers are two fields in mass spectrometry that have advanced significantly in the last decade. The integration of the techniques developed in these two fields is leading to the development of complete miniature analytical systems that can be used for on-site or point-of-care analysis by non-expert users. In this review, we report the current status of development in ambient ionization and miniature mass spectrometers, with an emphasis on those techniques with potential impact on the point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. The challenges in the future development of the integrated systems are discussed with possible solutions presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Ma
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906
| |
Collapse
|