1
|
Sandré F, Moilleron R, Morin C, Garrigue-Antar L. Comprehensive analysis of a widely pharmaceutical, furosemide, and its degradation products in aquatic systems: Occurrence, fate, and ecotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123799. [PMID: 38527585 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Many pharmaceutical compounds end up in the environment due to incomplete removal by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Some compounds are sometimes present in significant concentrations and therefore represent a risk to the aquatic environment. Furosemide is one of the most widely used drugs in the world. Considered as an essential drug by the World Health Organization, this powerful loop diuretic is used extensively to treat hypertension, heart and kidney failure and many other purposes. However, this important consumption also results in a significant release of furosemide in wastewater and in the receiving environment where concentrations of a few hundred ng/L to several thousand have been found in the literature, making furosemide a compound of great concern. Also, during its transport in wastewater systems and WWTPs, furosemide can be degraded by various processes resulting in the production of more than 74 by-products. Furosemide may therefore present a significant risk to ecosystem health due not only to its direct cytotoxic, genotoxic and hepatotoxic effects in animals, but also indirectly through its transformation products, which are poorly characterized. Many articles classify furosemide as a priority pollutant according to its occurrence in the environment, its persistence, its elimination by WWTPs, its toxicity and ecotoxicity. Here, we present a state-of-the-art review of this emerging pollutant of interest, tracking it, from its consumption to its fate in the aquatic environment. Discussion points include the occurrence of furosemide in various matrices, the efficiency of many processes for the degradation of furosemide, the subsequent production of degradation products following these treatments, as well as their toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fidji Sandré
- Leesu, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Ecole des Ponts, Creteil, F-94010, France
| | - Régis Moilleron
- Leesu, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Ecole des Ponts, Creteil, F-94010, France
| | - Christophe Morin
- Leesu, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Ecole des Ponts, Creteil, F-94010, France; IUT - Sénart Fontainebleau, 36 Rue Georges Charpak, 77567, Lieusaint, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Almeida CVP, Neng NR, Nogueira JMF, Ruivo J. Application of a bar adsorptive microextraction based methodology for doping control of alkylamine stimulants in urine matrices. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1234:124006. [PMID: 38246007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
To comply with 'World Anti-Doping Agency' (WADA) guidelines, doping control laboratories must continuously adjust their analytical procedures. Therefore, sample preparation continues to play a critical step in modern analytical strategies, namely by replacing the tedious, time and solvent consuming commonly employed (e.g. liquid-liquid extraction). The present contribution proposes, for the first time in doping control, bar adsorptive microextraction (BAμE) as an alternative analytical technique for the qualitative determination of six alkyl amine stimulants (AAs; 1,3-dimethylbutylamine, 1,4-dimethylpentylamine, heptaminol, isometheptene, octodrine and tuaminoheptane) in urine matrices followed by derivatization prior to gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, operating in the selected ion monitoring mode acquisition (GC-MS(SIM)). After selecting the most selective coating phase, i.e., a mixed-mode reversed phase/strong anion exchange sorbent (P2), assays performed under optimized experimental conditions [microextraction - BAμE(P2), 1 h (1,000 rpm), pH 11, 10 % NaCl; back-extraction - methanol (150 μL), 30 min, under sonication], allowed remarkable recoveries ranging from 48.7 % (heptaminol, 200 ng/mL) to 83.1 % (1,4-dimethylpentylamine, 200 ng/mL). The validation assessment assays of the proposed methodology showed suitable limits of identification (5.0-35.0 ng/mL), appropriate linear dynamic ranges (5.0-200.0 ng/mL) and good determination coefficients (r2 > 0.9937), as well as excellent selectivity, robustness, accuracy and precision. To check whether the methodology is fit-for-purpose, four previously analysed proficiency urine samples were successfully tested, in which were unequivocally detected and identified some of the target AAs. The present methodology showed to be a remarkable alternative in comparison to other dedicated analytical approaches to screen AAs in urine matrices, since it is cost-effective, user- and eco-friendly, requiring low volume of urine sample (1 mL). The great potential of this analytical technology in doping control lies in a very effective microextraction combined with the minimization of potential interferents, presenting itself as an added value to be applied to other types of substances and complex matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C V P Almeida
- Laboratório de Análises de Dopagem, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge IP, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz (Estádio Universitário), 1600-190 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - N R Neng
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - J M F Nogueira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - J Ruivo
- Laboratório de Análises de Dopagem, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge IP, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz (Estádio Universitário), 1600-190 Lisboa, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu YJ, Zhang Y, Bian Y, Sang Q, Ma J, Li PY, Zhang JH, Feng XS. The environmental sources of benzophenones: Distribution, pretreatment, analysis and removal techniques. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115650. [PMID: 37939555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenones (BPs) have wide practical applications in real human life due to its presence in personal care products, UV-filters, drugs, food packaging bags, etc. It enters the wastewater by daily routine activities such as showering, impacting the whole aquatic system, then posing a threat to human health. Due to this fact, the monitoring and removal of BPs in the environment is quite important. In the past decade, various novel analytical and removal techniques have been developed for the determination of BPs in environmental samples including wastewater, municipal landfill leachate, sewage sludge, and aquatic plants. This review provides a critical summary and comparison of the available cutting-edge pretreatment, determination and removal techniques of BPs in environment. It also focuses on novel materials and techniques in keeping with the concept of "green chemistry", and describes on challenges associated with the analysis of BPs, removal technologies, suggesting future development strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yu Bian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qi Sang
- Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Peng-Yun Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Strategic Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Institution, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ji-Hong Zhang
- Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China.
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu YJ, Bian Y, Zhang Y, Zhang YX, Ren A, Lin SH, Feng XS, Zhang XY. Diuretics in Different Samples: Update on the Pretreatment and Analysis Techniques. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-33. [PMID: 37130012 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2202260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diuretics are drugs that promote the excretion of water and electrolytes in the body and produce diuretic effects. Clinically, they are often used in the treatment of edema caused by various reasons and hypertension. In sports, diuretics are banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Therefore, in order to monitor blood drug concentration, identify drug quality and maintain the fairness of sports competition, accurate, rapid, highly selective and sensitive detection methods are essential. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the pretreatment and detection of diuretics in various samples since 2015. Commonly used techniques to extract diuretics include liquid-liquid extraction, liquid-phase microextraction, solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, among others. Determination methods include methods based on liquid chromatography, fluorescent spectroscopy, electrochemical sensor method, capillary electrophoresis and so on. The advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatment and analytical techniques are elaborated. In addition, future development prospects of these techniques are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Bian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ai Ren
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu-Han Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Al-Hashimi NN, Al-Degs YS, Jaafreh S, Al-Khatib HS, El-Sheikh AH, Abdelghani JI, Jaber MR. Simultaneous determination of furosemide and carbamazepine in biological matrices by solvent bar microextraction combined with HPLC-DAD and central composite design CCD. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5476. [PMID: 35918842 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and simple sample pretreatment method based on a two-phase solvent bar microextraction SBME technique coupled with HPLC-DAD was developed for simultaneous extraction and determination of trace amounts of furosemide and carbamazepine in human urine and plasma samples. The significance of operational factors on carbamazepine and furosemide extraction efficiency % (EE%) was screened using full factorial design (FFD) while central composite design (CCD) was used to model the entire process. A quadratic model was found convenient to correlate the extraction EE% of selected drugs with dominant experimental factors. A Pareto chart was also used to examine the importance of factors on drugs' EE%. The analytical performance of the method in urine and plasma samples demonstrated good linearity R2 ˃ 0.992 with detection limits ranging from 4.2 to 10.9 μg L-1 , and extraction recovery ˃ 89.45% for both drugs in urine and plasma samples. A comparison against published methods was also studied and the results revealed that the developed method exhibits a confident sensitivity, feasible operation, and simple analysis for both drugs. Finally, the practicability of the validated SBME-HPLC-DAD method was demonstrated by successfully applying it to the analysis of furosemide, and carbamazepine in real patient urine samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabil N Al-Hashimi
- The Hashemite University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Yahya S Al-Degs
- The Hashemite University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Al-Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Sawsan Jaafreh
- The Hashemite University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Al-Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Hatim S Al-Khatib
- The University of Jordan, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Amman, Jordan
| | - Amjad H El-Sheikh
- The Hashemite University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Al-Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Jafar I Abdelghani
- The Hashemite University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Al-Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mai R Jaber
- The Hashemite University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Al-Zarqa, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang N, Gao Y, Sheng K, Xu X, Jing W, Bao T, Wang S. Ferric iron loaded porphyrinic zirconium MOFs on corncob for the enhancement of diuretics extraction. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134694. [PMID: 35472611 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, corncob waste was used as a scaffold for the fabrication of effective adsorbents. Porphyrinic zirconium metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) PCN-223 and PCN-224 constructed by different numbers of Zr6 cluster nodes were grown on the surface of the corncob. Fe (Ш) ions were implanted in the porphyrin ring by post-synthesis modification. The results showed that the extraction capacity of diuretics on PCN-224@corncob containing suitable pore size was larger than that of PCN-223@corncob. The adsorption of diuretics was further enhanced because of the electrostatic effect caused by implantation of Fe (Ш) ions. PCN-224-Fe@corncob was recyclable and selective for the extraction of furosemide (Fur) and bumetanide (Bum). Coupled in-syringe solid phase extraction (IS-SPE) with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), an efficient, sensitive, and stable method was established. With a sensitivity between 0.6 and 1.0 μg/L and a recovery between 83.2% and 119.2%, it is used for the analysis of trace amounts of Fur and Bum in weight loss products and environmental water. The functionalized corncob has potential application for the adsorption of diuretics, and the metal ions implantation in MOFs provides a promising strategy for enhancing extraction capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Kangjia Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xianliang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wanghui Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Tao Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Sicen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Screening & Analysis, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Oliveira MN, Gonçalves OC, Ahmad SM, Schneider JK, Krause LC, Neng NR, Caramão EB, Nogueira JMF. Application of Bar Adsorptive Microextraction for the Determination of Levels of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Urine Samples. Molecules 2021; 26:3101. [PMID: 34067333 PMCID: PMC8196885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This work entailed the development, optimization, validation, and application of a novel analytical approach, using the bar adsorptive microextraction technique (BAμE), for the determination of the six most common tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs; amitriptyline, mianserin, trimipramine, imipramine, mirtazapine and dosulepin) in urine matrices. To achieve this goal, we employed, for the first time, new generation microextraction devices coated with convenient sorbent phases, polymers and novel activated carbons prepared from biomaterial waste, in combination with large-volume-injection gas chromatography-mass spectrometry operating in selected-ion monitoring mode (LVI-GC-MS(SIM)). Preliminary assays on sorbent coatings, showed that the polymeric phases present a much more effective performance, as the tested biosorbents exhibited low efficiency for application in microextraction techniques. By using BAμE coated with C18 polymer, under optimized experimental conditions, the detection limits achieved for the six TCAs ranged from 0.2 to 1.6 μg L-1 and, weighted linear regressions resulted in remarkable linearity (r2 > 0.9960) between 10.0 and 1000.0 μg L-1. The developed analytical methodology (BAμE(C18)/LVI-GC-MS(SIM)) provided suitable matrix effects (90.2-112.9%, RSD ≤ 13.9%), high recovery yields (92.3-111.5%, RSD ≤ 12.3%) and a remarkable overall process efficiency (ranging from 84.9% to 124.3%, RSD ≤ 13.9%). The developed and validated methodology was successfully applied for screening the six TCAs in real urine matrices. The proposed analytical methodology proved to be an eco-user-friendly approach to monitor trace levels of TCAs in complex urine matrices and an outstanding analytical alternative in comparison with other microextraction-based techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana N. Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.N.O.); (O.C.G.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Oriana C. Gonçalves
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.N.O.); (O.C.G.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Samir M. Ahmad
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.N.O.); (O.C.G.); (S.M.A.)
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Campus Universitário—Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
- Forensic and Psychological Sciences Laboratory Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário—Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jaderson K. Schneider
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91509-900 Porto Alegre, Brazil; (J.K.S.); (L.C.K.); (E.B.C.)
| | - Laiza C. Krause
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91509-900 Porto Alegre, Brazil; (J.K.S.); (L.C.K.); (E.B.C.)
| | - Nuno R. Neng
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.N.O.); (O.C.G.); (S.M.A.)
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elina B. Caramão
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91509-900 Porto Alegre, Brazil; (J.K.S.); (L.C.K.); (E.B.C.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Industrial, Universidade Tiradentes, 49032-490 Aracaju, Brazil
| | - José M. F. Nogueira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.N.O.); (O.C.G.); (S.M.A.)
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Silva EF, Tanaka AA, Fernandes RN, Munoz RAA, da Silva IS. Batch injection analysis with electrochemical detection for the simultaneous determination of the diuretics furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide in synthetic urine and pharmaceutical samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
9
|
Mallek M, Chtourou M, Monclús H, Ben Salah A, Walha K, Salvadó V. A Polydimethylsiloxane Rod Extraction-Based Method for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals and Triclosan by Liquid Chromatography in Water Samples. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:107-113. [PMID: 31768564 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new analytical method for the determination of naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac, carbamazepine, and triclosan (TCS) in water samples by liquid chromatography is developed and validated. The method is based on the extraction of the analytes by a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) rod. The different parameters affecting extraction, such as the addition of salt, pH, initial volume, extraction and elution times and elution solvent, as well as the application of sonication, are studied. The results showed that the detection limits are all in the 0.1-0.3 µg L-1 range except for carbamazepine (6 µg L-1) with relative standard deviations in the range of 0.4%-9.7%. The method developed, which was validated by analysing spiked surface water samples at 10, 25 and 75 µg L-1 gave recoveries of between 84.8% and 111.2%. In the case of carbamazepine, a recovery of 99.1% was obtained at 75 µg L-1. The main advantage of the developed method is that allows high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection, which is widely available in non-specialised laboratories, to be applied for pharmaceuticals and TCS determination in surface waters after performing a preconcentration/clean-up step with PDMS rods as it has been shown by analysing real water samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mallek
- Laboratory of Material Science and Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Mariem Chtourou
- Laboratory of Material Science and Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Hèctor Monclús
- LEQUIA (Institute of the Environment), University of Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Abdelhamid Ben Salah
- Laboratory of Material Science and Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Walha
- Laboratory of Material Science and Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Victoria Salvadó
- Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abujaber F, Ahmad S, Neng N, Rodríguez Martín-Doimeadios R, Guzmán Bernardo F, Nogueira J. Bar adsorptive microextraction coated with multi-walled carbon nanotube phases - Application for trace analysis of pharmaceuticals in environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1600:17-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
11
|
Mafra G, Spudeit D, Brognoli R, Merib J, Carasek E. Expanding the applicability of cork as extraction phase for disposable pipette extraction in multiresidue analysis of pharmaceuticals in urine samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1102-1103:159-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
12
|
Ide AH, Nogueira JMF. New-generation bar adsorptive microextraction (BAμE) devices for a better eco-user-friendly analytical approach-Application for the determination of antidepressant pharmaceuticals in biological fluids. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 153:126-134. [PMID: 29477928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present contribution aims to design new-generation bar adsorptive microextraction (BAμE) devices that promote an innovative and much better user-friendly analytical approach. The novel BAμE devices were lab-made prepared having smaller dimensions by using flexible nylon-based supports (7.5 × 1.0 mm) coated with convenient sorbents (≈ 0.5 mg). This novel advance allows effective microextraction and back-extraction ('only single liquid desorption step') stages as well as interfacing enhancement with the instrumental systems dedicated for routine analysis. To evaluate the achievements of these improvements, four antidepressant agents (bupropion, citalopram, amitriptyline and trazodone) were used as model compounds in aqueous media combined with liquid chromatography (LC) systems. By using an N-vinylpyrrolidone based-polymer phase good selectivity and efficiency were obtained. Assays performed on 25 mL spiked aqueous samples, yielded average recoveries in between 67.8 ± 12.4% (bupropion) and 88.3 ± 12.1% (citalopram), under optimized experimental conditions. The analytical performance also showed convenient precision (RSD < 12%) and detection limits (50 ng L-1), as well as linear dynamic ranges (160-2000 ng L-1) with suitable determination coefficients (r2 > 0.9820). The application of the proposed analytical approach on biological fluids showed negligible matrix effects by using the standard addition methodology. From the data obtained, the new-generation BAμE devices presented herein provide an innovative and robust analytical cycle, are simple to prepare, cost-effective, user-friendly and compatible with the current LC autosampler systems. Furthermore, the novel devices were designed to be disposable and used together with negligible amounts of organic solvents (100 μL) during back-extraction, in compliance with the green analytical chemistry principles. In short, the new-generation BAμE devices showed to be an eco-user-friendly approach for trace analysis of priority compounds in biological fluids and a versatile alternative over other well-stablished sorption-based microextraction techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H Ide
- Centro de Quimica e Bioquimica e Centro de Quimica Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J M F Nogueira
- Centro de Quimica e Bioquimica e Centro de Quimica Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|