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Wei Y, Qi H, Zhang C. Recent advances and challenges in developing electrochemiluminescence biosensors for health analysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3507-3522. [PMID: 36820650 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06930j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
This Feature Article simply introduces principles and mechanisms of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensors for the determination of biomarkers and highlights recent advances of ECL biosensors on key aspects including new ECL reagents and materials, new biological recognition elements, and emerging construction biointerfacial strategies with illustrative examples and a critical eye on pitfalls and discusses challenges and perspectives of ECL biosensors for health analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P. R. China.
| | - Honglan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P. R. China.
| | - Chengxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P. R. China.
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2
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Li R, Li X, Su L, Qi H, Yue X, Qi H. Label‐free Electrochemical Aptasensor for the Determination of Serotonin. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yan'an University Yan'an 716000 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yan'an University Yan'an 716000 P. R. China
| | - Liu Su
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 P. R. China
| | - Hetong Qi
- School of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Xuanfeng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 P. R. China
| | - Honglan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 P. R. China
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3
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Ben Trad F, Wieczny V, Delacotte J, Morel M, Guille-Collignon M, Arbault S, Lemaître F, Sojic N, Labbé E, Buriez O. Dynamic Electrochemiluminescence Imaging of Single Giant Liposome Opening at Polarized Electrodes. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1686-1696. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ben Trad
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Wieczny
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Delacotte
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Morel
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Manon Guille-Collignon
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248 CNRS, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Frédéric Lemaître
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Eric Labbé
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Buriez
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
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4
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Fan X, Wang S, Liu H, Li Z, Sun Q, Wang Y, Fan X. A sensitive electrochemiluminescence biosensor for assay of cancer biomarker (MMP-2) based on NGQDs-Ru@SiO2 luminophore. Talanta 2022; 236:122830. [PMID: 34635220 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive biosensor that can be used for the determination of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) was proposed. The biosensor was developed by using an excellent self-enhanced nanocomposites as an illuminant and a peptide as a recognition element. For the electrostatic attraction between Ru(bpy)32+ and nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs), the self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) nanocomposites of NGQDs-Ru(bpy)32+-doped silica nanoparticles (NGQDs-Ru@SiO2) were synthesized through a simple sol-gel process. Then, a specific peptide (labeled sulfhydryl) was combined with the self-enhanced ECL nanocomposites (carboxyl in NGQDs) via acylation reaction to obtain the peptide-NGQDs-Ru@SiO2 nanoprobe, which was fabricated onto the gold electrode surface via Au-S bond. The peptide of the ECL nanoprobe was exposed to cleavage in the presence of MMP-2, which caused the signal substance to move farther away from the electrode, leading to a decrease of the ECL signal. The proposed NGQDs-Ru@SiO2-labeled peptide ECL biosensor displayed a lower detection limit of 6.5 pg mL-1 than those of reported ECL methods. The proposed biosensor provided an outlook for future applications in other disease-associated biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Fan
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China; College of Chemical Engineering and Modern Materials, Shangluo University, Shangluo, 726000, China.
| | - Shumin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Modern Materials, Shangluo University, Shangluo, 726000, China
| | - Hugang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Modern Materials, Shangluo University, Shangluo, 726000, China
| | - Zhejian Li
- College of Chemical Engineering and Modern Materials, Shangluo University, Shangluo, 726000, China
| | - Qiangqiang Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering and Modern Materials, Shangluo University, Shangluo, 726000, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Modern Materials, Shangluo University, Shangluo, 726000, China
| | - Xinhui Fan
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China; College of Chemical Engineering and Modern Materials, Shangluo University, Shangluo, 726000, China
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5
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Zhang M, Shi L, Liu X, Qian M, Qi H. “Signal‐on” Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Biosensing Method for the Determination of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 P.R. China
| | - Liang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 P.R. China
- School of Electronic Information Engineering Xi'an Technological University Xi'an 710021 P.R. China
| | - Xiaoru Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 P.R. China
| | - Manping Qian
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 P.R. China
| | - Honglan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 P.R. China
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6
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Wang Q, Liu J, Yu S, Sun H, Wang L, Li L, Kong J, Zhang X. A highly sensitive assay for matrix metalloproteinase 2 via signal amplification strategy of eATRP. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Duan W, Huang F, Bi Y, Zhu L, Wang D, Liu Y, Wu J, Ge Y, Liu D. Design, synthesis and cell imaging of a simple peptide-based probe for the selective detection of RNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2653-2656. [PMID: 33587737 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06508k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we present a novel peptide-based fluorescent "turn-on" molecule P1 for detecting RNA, in a double or single strand, AU-rich or CG-rich. Both computational and experimental studies indicate that the detection efficiency depends on the binding affinity of P1 and conformational changes. P1 could be applied for cell imaging without any additional transfection vectors. Selective detection of RNA in cells was determined by RNase digestion. Successful application of P1 for RNA imaging in cell mitosis reveals that it may have broad applications in research, biotechnology and medical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Duan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
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8
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Lei Z, Jian M, Li X, Wei J, Meng X, Wang Z. Biosensors and bioassays for determination of matrix metalloproteinases: state of the art and recent advances. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:3261-3291. [PMID: 31750853 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02189b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are closely associated with various physiological and pathological processes, and have been regarded as potential biomarkers for severe diseases including cancer. Accurate determination of MMPs would advance our understanding of their roles in disease progression, and is of great significance for disease diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the developed bioassays/biosensors for detection of MMPs, and highlight the recent advancement in nanomaterial-based immunoassays for MMP abundance measurements and nanomaterial-based biosensors for MMP activity determination. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based immunoassays provide information about total levels of MMPs with high specificity and sensitivity, while target-based biosensors measure the amounts of active MMPs, and allow imaging of MMP activities in vivo. For multiplex and high-throughput analysis of MMPs, microfluidics and microarray-based assays are described. Additionally, we put forward the existing challenges and future prospects from our perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lei
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
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9
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Wei T, Wang F, Zhang Z, Qiang J, Lv J, Chen T, Li J, Chen X. Recent Progress in the Development of Fluorometric Chemosensors to Detect Enzymatic Activity. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3923-3957. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180214105552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are a class of macromolecules that function as highly efficient and specific
biological catalysts requiring only mild reaction conditions. Enzymes are essential to
maintaining life activities, including promoting metabolism and homeostasis, and participating
in a variety of physiological functions. Accordingly, enzymatic levels and activity are
closely related to the health of the organism, where enzymatic dysfunctions often lead to corresponding
diseases in the host. Due to this, diagnosis of certain diseases is based on the levels
and activity of certain enzymes. Therefore, rapid real-time and accurate detection of enzymes
in situ are important for diagnosis, monitoring, clinical treatment and pathological
studies of disease. Fluorescent probes have unique advantages in terms of detecting enzymes,
including being simple to use in highly sensitive and selective real-time rapid in-situ noninvasive
and highly spatial resolution visual imaging. However, fluorescent probes are most
commonly used to detect oxidoreductases, transferases and hydrolases due to the processes
and types of enzyme reactions. This paper summarizes the application of fluorescent probes to
detect these three types of enzymes over the past five years. In addition, we introduce the
mechanisms underlying detection of these enzymes by their corresponding probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwen Wei
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiang Qiang
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Lv
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Voci S, Goudeau B, Valenti G, Lesch A, Jović M, Rapino S, Paolucci F, Arbault S, Sojic N. Surface-Confined Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy of Cell Membranes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14753-14760. [PMID: 30336008 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Herein is reported a surface-confined microscopy based on electrochemiluminescence (ECL) that allows to image the plasma membrane of single cells at the interface with an electrode. By analyzing photoluminescence (PL), ECL and AFM images of mammalian CHO cells, we demonstrate that, in contrast to the wide-field fluorescence, ECL emission is confined to the immediate vicinity of the electrode surface and only the basal membrane of the cell becomes luminescent. The resulting ECL microscopy reveals details that are not resolved by classic fluorescence microscopy, without any light irradiation and specific setup. The thickness of the ECL-emitting regions is ∼500 nm due to the unique ECL mechanism that involves short-lifetime electrogenerated radicals. In addition, the reported ECL microscopy is a dynamic technique that reflects the transport properties through the cell membranes and not only the specific labeling of the membranes. Finally, disposable transparent carbon nanotube (CNT)-based electrodes inkjet-printed on classic microscope glass coverslips were used to image cells in both reflection and transmission configurations. Therefore, our approach opens new avenues for ECL as a surface-confined microscopy to develop single cell assays and to image the dynamics of biological entities in cells or in membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Voci
- University of Bordeaux , Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255 , 33607 Pessac , France
| | - Bertrand Goudeau
- University of Bordeaux , Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255 , 33607 Pessac , France
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" , University of Bologna , Via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Andreas Lesch
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry , EPFL Valais Wallis , Rue de l'Industrie 17, CP 440 , CH-1951 Sion , Switzerland
| | - Milica Jović
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry , EPFL Valais Wallis , Rue de l'Industrie 17, CP 440 , CH-1951 Sion , Switzerland
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" , University of Bologna , Via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" , University of Bologna , Via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- University of Bordeaux , Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255 , 33607 Pessac , France
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux , Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255 , 33607 Pessac , France
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12
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Li L, Shi W, Wu X, Li X, Ma H. In vivo tumor imaging by a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-activatable near-infrared fluorescent probe. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6771-6777. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Lin D, Tseng CY, Lim QF, Tan MJ, Kong KV. A rapid and highly sensitive strain-effect graphene-based bio-sensor for the detection of stroke and cancer bio-markers. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:2536-2540. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00404h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A bio-sensor for the detection of cancer biomarkers utilizing the adsorption properties of ruthenium carbonyl on monolayer graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Lin
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Fuzhou
- China
- Fujian Normal University
| | - Chinh-Yu Tseng
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Qi Feng Lim
- Institute of Material Research and Engineering
- A*STAR
- Singapore
| | - Mein Jin Tan
- Institute of Material Research and Engineering
- A*STAR
- Singapore
| | - Kien Voon Kong
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
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Valenti G, Scarabino S, Goudeau B, Lesch A, Jović M, Villani E, Sentic M, Rapino S, Arbault S, Paolucci F, Sojic N. Single Cell Electrochemiluminescence Imaging: From the Proof-of-Concept to Disposable Device-Based Analysis. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16830-16837. [PMID: 29064235 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report here the development of coreactant-based electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) as a surface-confined microscopy to image single cells and their membrane proteins. Labeling the entire cell membrane allows one to demonstrate that, by contrast with fluorescence, ECL emission is only detected from fluorophores located in the immediate vicinity of the electrode surface (i.e., 1-2 μm). Then, to present the potential diagnostic applications of our approach, we selected carbon nanotubes (CNT)-based inkjet-printed disposable electrodes for the direct ECL imaging of a labeled plasma receptor overexpressed on tumor cells. The ECL fluorophore was linked to an antibody and enabled to localize the ECL generation on the cancer cell membrane in close proximity to the electrode surface. Such a result is intrinsically associated with the unique ECL mechanism and is rationalized by considering the limited lifetimes of the electrogenerated coreactant radicals. The electrochemical stimulus used for luminescence generation does not suffer from background signals, such as the typical autofluorescence of biological samples. The presented surface-confined ECL microscopy should find promising applications in ultrasensitive single cell imaging assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Chemistry ''G. Ciamician'', University of Bologna , Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabina Scarabino
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Bertrand Goudeau
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Andreas Lesch
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry, EPFL Valais Wallis , Rue de l'Industrie 17, CP 440, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Milica Jović
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry, EPFL Valais Wallis , Rue de l'Industrie 17, CP 440, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Elena Villani
- Department of Chemistry ''G. Ciamician'', University of Bologna , Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Milica Sentic
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Department of Chemistry ''G. Ciamician'', University of Bologna , Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry ''G. Ciamician'', University of Bologna , Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,ICMATE-CNR Bologna Associate Unit, University of Bologna , via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, 33607 Pessac, France
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15
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Valenti G, Fiorani A, Li H, Sojic N, Paolucci F. Essential Role of Electrode Materials in Electrochemiluminescence Applications. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorani
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Haidong Li
- University of Bordeaux; INP Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, ENSCBP; 33607 Pessac France
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux; INP Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, ENSCBP; 33607 Pessac France
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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