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Zhang J, Chen Y, Ni M, Hou C, Qiao X, Wang T. A novel halloysite nanotubes-based hybrid monolith for in-tube solid-phase microextraction of polar cationic pesticides. Food Chem 2024; 458:140205. [PMID: 38943962 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The accurate determination of polar cationic pesticides in food poses a challenge due to their high polarity and trace levels in complex matrices. This study hypothesized that the use of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) can significantly enhance the extraction efficiency and sensitivity of these analytes because of their rich hydroxyl groups and cation exchange sites. Therefore, we chemically incorporated HNTs with organic polymer monoliths for in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME). This novel hybrid monolith extended service life, improved adsorption capacity, and exhibited excellent extraction performance for polar cationic pesticides. Based on these advancements, a robust and sensitive in-tube SPME-HILIC-MS/MS method was constructed to determine trace levels of polar cationic pesticides in complex food matrices. The method achieved limits of detection of 1.9, 2.1, and 0.1 μg/kg for maleic hydrazide, amitrole, and cyromazine, respectively. The spiked recoveries in five food samples ranged from 80.2 to 100.8%, with relative standard deviations below 10.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhan Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Yihui Chen
- Ningbo Customs Technology Center, Ningbo 315040, PR China.
| | - Meilin Ni
- Ningbo Customs Technology Center, Ningbo 315040, PR China
| | - Chunyan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
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2
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Garvey J, Margalit A, Kelly M, Geoghegan E, Burrell S. A method for the quantitative analysis of polar anionic pesticides in milk/infant formula, cereals and fruit and vegetables using ion chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:3692-3700. [PMID: 38805075 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00183d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Polar pesticides such as anionic or ionisable compounds have always provided a challenge for analytical chemists. Methods of analysis have been developed using a range of techniques including normal phase chromatography, ion-pairing, derivatisation and HILIC or multi-mode chromatography. These work well with some of these compounds but, except for HILIC, all of them have their limitations and none of them cover the range required by legislation. Some of these compounds, glyphosate, chlorate and phosphonic acid, are found regularly in a range of food matrices, and therefore reliable methods of analysis are essential. This study describes an ion chromatography method with tandem mass spectrometry detection which not only covers the full range of compounds required by legislation but also can be expanded to include other anionic or ionisable pesticides and metabolites. These include glyphosate and its metabolites, glufosinate and its metabolites, ethephon and its metabolites as well as fosetyl aluminium, chlorate and perchlorate. The method is fully validated according to the performance criteria from the SANTE guidelines for the analysis of pesticides in food and feed over a wide range of matrices, including milk, infant formula, cereals and fruits and vegetables. Over 300 food samples have analysed as part of our routine monitoring program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Garvey
- The Food Chemistry Laboratories, The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Anatte Margalit
- The Food Chemistry Laboratories, The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Michael Kelly
- The Food Chemistry Laboratories, The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Eoin Geoghegan
- The Food Chemistry Laboratories, The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Stephen Burrell
- The Food Chemistry Laboratories, The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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3
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Dong J, Hu Y, Su X, Yao Y, Zhou Q, Gao M. Low-background interference detection of glyphosate, glufosinate, and AMPA in foods using UPLC-MS/MS without derivatization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1561-1570. [PMID: 38285227 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The abuse of herbicides has emerged as a great threat to food security. Herein, a low-background interference detection method based on UPLC-MS was developed for the simultaneous determination of glufosinate, glyphosate, and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in foods. Initially, this study proposed a simple and rapid pretreatment method, utilizing water extraction and PRiME HLB purification to isolate glyphosate, glufosinate, and AMPA from food samples. After the optimization of pretreatment conditions, the processed samples are then analyzed directly by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) without pre-column derivatization. The method can effectively reduce interference from by-products of pre-column derivatization and background substrates of food sample, showing low matrix effects (ME) ranging from - 24.83 to 32.10%. Subsequently, the method has been validated by 13 kinds of food samples. The recoveries of the three herbicides in the food samples range from 84.2 to 115.6%. The limit of detection (LOD) is lower to 0.073 mg/kg, 0.017 mg/kg, and 0.037 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, the method shows an excellent reproducibility with relative standard deviations (RSD) within 16.9%. Thus, the method can provide high trueness, reproducibility, sensitivity, and interference-free detection to ensure human health safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dong
- Institute of Environment and Safety, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - YiQing Hu
- Institute of Environment and Safety, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - XiaoLu Su
- Institute of Environment and Safety, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - YanXing Yao
- Institute of Environment and Safety, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Institute of Environment and Safety, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - MengYue Gao
- Institute of Environment and Safety, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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4
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Stępień KA, Krawczyk W, Giebułtowicz J. Dietary Supplements with Proline-A Comprehensive Assessment of Their Quality. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020263. [PMID: 36836622 PMCID: PMC9958592 DOI: 10.3390/life13020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplements are food products commonly used worldwide to obtain nutritional and physiological effects. They can contain a wide variety of active substances and can be administered for health and disease. Their use can be beneficial if justified, and their quality is adequate. Unfortunately, data on the quality of supplements is scarce. As part of this work, we assess the quality of seven dietary supplements containing proline. The preparations were produced in the EU and the USA. The quality assessment consisted of the detection of potential impurities, the determination of the content of the main ingredient, and the release of proline. The technique used to analyse impurities and proline (Pro) content was liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We detected five contaminants. The main ingredient content was in the range of 73-121% in capsules and 103-156% in tablets. Five of the seven analysed dietary supplements released below 80% Pro (for each tablet/capsule at pH 1.2). One of the supplements may be inactive because a very low release of Pro was reported. The results, we hope, will increase consumer awareness of the quality of these preparations and result in a change in the regulations governing the marketing of these preparations, at least by making release testing mandatory.
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Rocchi R, Rosato R, Bellocci M, Migliorati G, Scarpone R. Ion Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Bromide Ions in Cereals and Legumes: New Scenario for Global Food Security. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162385. [PMID: 36010386 PMCID: PMC9407437 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The new scenario for global food production and supply is decidedly complex given the current forecast of an increase in food fragility due to international tensions. In this period, exports from other parts of the world require different routes and treatments to preserve the food quality and integrity. Fumigation is a procedure used for the killing, removal, or rendering infertile of pests, with serious dangers to human health. The most-used fumigants are methyl bromide and ethylene dibromide. It is important to bear in mind that the soil may contain bromide ions naturally or from anthropogenic source (fertilizers and pesticides that contain bromide or previous fumigations). Different methods (titrimetric, spectrophotometric, and fluorometric approaches) are available to rapidly determine the amount of bromide ion on site in the containers, but these are non-specific and with high limits of quantification. The increasing interest in healthy food, without xenobiotic residues, requires the use of more sensitive, specific, and accurate analytical methods. In order to help give an overview of the bromide ion scenario, a new, fast method was developed and validated according to SANTE 11312/2021. It involves the determination of bromide ion in cereals and legumes through ion chromatography–Q-Orbitrap. The extraction was performed by the QuPPe method, but some modifications were applied based on the matrix. The method described here was validated at four different levels. Recoveries were satisfactory and the mean values ranged between 99 and 106%, with a relative standard deviation lower than 3%. The linearity in the matrix was evaluated to be between 0.010 and 2.5 mg kg−1, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9962. Finally, the proposed method was applied to different cereals and legumes (rice, wheat, beans, lentils pearled barley, and spelt) and tested with satisfactory results in EUPT-SMR16 organized by EURL.
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Chlorate and perchlorate – LC-MS/MS analytical method validation in a broad range of food commodities. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Sadiq HA, Hammood MK. A Continuous Flow Injection/Indirect Photometric Method for the Detection of Fosetyl Aluminum in Commercial Pesticide Formulations. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hawraa Ali Sadiq
- University of Baghdad College of Science Department of Chemistry Baghdad, Al-Jadriya Iraq
| | - Mohammad K. Hammood
- University of Baghdad College of Science Department of Chemistry Baghdad, Al-Jadriya Iraq
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8
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Application of Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry in Quality Assessment of Dietary Supplements—A Case Study of Tryptophan Supplements: Release Assay, Targeted and Untargeted Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040448. [PMID: 35455446 PMCID: PMC9031539 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplements are widely consumed in the EU and the USA. Based on their similarity to pharmaceuticals, consumers mistakenly believe that dietary supplements have also been approved for safety and efficacy. However, in the absence of mandatory testing, data on supplement quality is scarce. Thus, we applied liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to analyse the quality of dietary supplements containing tryptophan (Trp). We examined 22 supplements in tablets or capsules, produced in the USA, Great Britain, Germany, France, Czech Republic, and Poland. Trp release, crucial for bioavailability and efficiency, was assessed. Additionally, we performed a qualitative analysis of the main ingredient and screened for contaminants. Among the contaminants, we detected Trp’s metabolites, condensation products of Trp and carbonyl compounds, Trp degradation products, degradation products of kynurenine, and other contaminants such as glucosamine and melatonin. The main ingredient content was in the range of 55–100% in capsules and 69–87% in tablets. Surprisingly, almost no Trp release was noted from some supplements. Our study confirms the need to advance research on supplements. We believe that the high-quality analysis of supplements based on reliable analytical techniques will be an important contribution to the discussion on the regulatory framework of these products.
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López-Ruiz R, Marín-Sáez J, Prestes OD, Romero-González R, Garrido Frenich A. Critical Evaluation of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Anthropogenic Organic Contaminants in Edible Oils: An Overview of the Last Five Years. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1733-1747. [PMID: 35175888 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2040352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic contaminants, as pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and monochloropropanediols (MCPDs), have become important to be controlled in edible oils, since their regular occurrence. In fact, alerts from the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) in oils normally include these compounds. From a critical point of view, tools used to control these compounds in the last 5 years will be discussed, including sample preparation, analysis and current regulations. Extraction and analysis methods will be discussed next, being liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and QuEChERS, with or without clean-up step, as well as chromatographic methods coupled to different analyzers (mainly mass spectrometry), the most commonly used for extraction and analysis respectively. Occurrence in samples will also be reviewed and compared with the legal maximum residue limits (MRLs), observing that 4%, 20% and 60% of the analyzed samples exceed the legal limits for pesticides, MCPDs and PAHs respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalía López-Ruiz
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jesús Marín-Sáez
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Osmar D Prestes
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
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10
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Determination of Fosetyl-Aluminum in Wheat Flour with Extract-Dilute-Shoot Procedure and Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8110197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fosetyl-aluminum is a widely used ionic fungicide. This pesticide is not amenable to the common multi-residue sample preparation methods. Herein, this paper describes a novel method for the simple and sensitive determination of fosetyl-aluminum residue in wheat flour. The sample preparation method involved extraction with water under ultrasonication and subsequent dilution with six-fold acetonitrile. The fosetyl-aluminum concentration was determined by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The limit of detection and quantification were only 5 and 10 ng/g, respectively, which meet the requirement of the current European legislation. Matrix-matched linearity (r2 = 0.9999) was established in the range of 10–2000 ng/g. Satisfactory recoveries were achieved in the range of 95.6% to 105.2% for three levels of spiked samples (10, 50, and 100 ng/g). Finally, the method was applied to analyzing 75 wheat flour samples produced in four provinces in China. Two samples were positive with concentrations over the limit of detection. This is the first method focusing on fosetyl-aluminum determination in wheat flour with an extract-dilute-shoot strategy and is very promising for the routine quality control of fosetyl-aluminum in similar cereal matrices.
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11
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Simultaneous determination of polar pesticides in human blood serum by liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 190:113492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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12
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Manzano-Sánchez L, Martínez-Martínez JA, Domínguez I, Martínez Vidal JL, Frenich AG, Romero-González R. Development and Application of a Novel Pluri-Residue Method to Determine Polar Pesticides in Fruits and Vegetables through Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2020; 9:foods9050553. [PMID: 32370015 PMCID: PMC7278595 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, highly polar pesticides are not included in multiresidue methods due to their physico-chemical characteristics and therefore, specific analytical methodologies are required for their analysis. Laboratories are still looking for a pluri-residue method that encompasses the largest number of polar pesticides. The aim of this work was the simultaneous determination of ethephon, 2-hydroxyethylphosphonic acid (HEPA), fosetyl aluminum, glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), N-acetyl-glyphosate and N-acetyl-AMPA in tomatoes, oranges, aubergines and grapes. For that purpose, an ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a high resolution single mass spectrometer Orbitrap-MS were used. Different stationary phases were evaluated for chromatographic separation, and among them, the stationary phase Torus DEA provided the best separation of the selected compounds. The QuPPe method was used for the extraction of the analytes, but slight modifications were needed depending on the matrix. The developed method was validated, observing matrix effect in all matrices. Intra- and inter-day precision were estimated, and relative standard deviation were lower than 19%. Recoveries were satisfactory, and mean values ranged from 70% to 110%. Limits of quantification were between 25 and 100 µg kg-1. Finally, the analytical method was applied to different fruits and vegetables (oranges, tomatoes, aubergines and grapes).
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13
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Ma X, Du C, Zhang J, Shang M, Song W. A system composed of vanadium(IV) disulfide quantum dots and molybdenum(IV) disulfide nanosheets for use in an aptamer-based fluorometric tetracycline assay. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:837. [PMID: 31760474 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A system composed of vanadium(IV) disulfide quantum dots (VS2 QDs) and molybdenum(IV) disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets for use in an aptamer-based fluorometric tetracycline assay was developed. The tetracycline (TET) aptamer was first immobilzed on the VS2 QDs with a typical size of 3 nm. The blue fluorescence of the VS2 QDs (labeled with aptamer) with emission maxima at 448 nm (under excitation at 360 nm) was subsequently quenched by MoS2 nanosheets. If TET is recognized by the aptamer, the VS2 QDs drift away from the basal plane of the MoS2 nanosheets. This generated "turn-on" fluorescence of the VS2 QDs. A VS2 QD/MoS2 nanosheet-based fluorometric TET aptasensor was thus constructed. Selective and sensitive TET bioanalysis was realized in a linear range of 1 to 250 ng mL-1. The detection limit was 0.06 ng mL-1. Its applicability of determination of TET in milk samples has been demonstrated. Graphical abstractSchematic representation of the aptamer-based fluorometric tetracycline assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuicui Du
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinling Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxiang Shang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Determination of etidronic acid in vegetable-washing water by a simple and validated quantitative 31P nuclear magnetic resonance method. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Silva HCMPD, Bedor DCG, Cunha AN, Rodrigues HODS, Telles DL, Araújo ACP, Santana DPD. Ethephon and fosetyl residues in fruits from São Francisco Valley, Brazil. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2019; 13:16-24. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2019.1675779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Carlos Marinho Pereira da Silva
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento Farmacêutico e Cosmético/Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Laboratório de Agrotóxicos e Contaminantes em Alimentos e Bebidas Alcoólicas, Instituto de Tecnologia de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Danilo César Galindo Bedor
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento Farmacêutico e Cosmético/Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes Cunha
- Laboratório de Agrotóxicos e Contaminantes em Alimentos e Bebidas Alcoólicas, Instituto de Tecnologia de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Danuza Leal Telles
- Laboratório de Agrotóxicos e Contaminantes em Alimentos e Bebidas Alcoólicas, Instituto de Tecnologia de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Adelia Cristina Pessoa Araújo
- Laboratório de Agrotóxicos e Contaminantes em Alimentos e Bebidas Alcoólicas, Instituto de Tecnologia de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Davi Pereira de Santana
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento Farmacêutico e Cosmético/Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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16
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Costa JG, Vidovic B, Saraiva N, do Céu Costa M, Del Favero G, Marko D, Oliveira NG, Fernandes AS. Contaminants: a dark side of food supplements? Free Radic Res 2019; 53:1113-1135. [PMID: 31500469 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1636045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Food supplements (FS) are often consumed as one of the strategies to fight ageing-associated pathologies, especially in the case of oxidative stress-related diseases. Despite the popularity of FS, some concerns about their quality and safety have been raised, especially regarding the presence of contaminants. This paper reviews and discusses the occurrence of contaminants in marketed samples of FS in the last two decades, considering both scientific literature and notifications registered on RASFF portal. The most relevant classes of contaminants were included namely metals, toxins, pesticides, dioxins and PCBs, as well as pharmacologically active ingredients. Variable amounts of contaminants were reported in a significant number of commercially available FS. Although the presence of contaminants does not necessarily mean that their levels exceed the regulatory limits or that the FS intake constitutes a risk to human health, it alerts for the need to further monitor FS safety. The evaluation of the risk associated to the consumption of FS, especially in the elderly population, is particularly challenging due to the frequent exposure to multiple toxicants and to different exposure sources, as well as due to possible pre-existing diseases and respective therapeutics. Therefore, improved quality control procedures and monitoring programs should be pursued in order to avoid undesirable products and assure the safety of FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Guilherme Costa
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bojana Vidovic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nuno Saraiva
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria do Céu Costa
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal.,ASAE/ONRE, National Observatory for Emerging Risks, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno G Oliveira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Fernandes
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal.,ASAE/ONRE, National Observatory for Emerging Risks, Lisboa, Portugal
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17
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Chiarello M, Jiménez-Medina ML, Marín Saéz J, Moura S, Garrido Frenich A, Romero-González R. Fast analysis of glufosinate, glyphosate and its main metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid, in edible oils, by liquid chromatographycoupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1376-1384. [PMID: 31287383 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1631493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A method has been developed for the rapid, specific, accurate, precise and sensitive determination of glufosinate, glyphosate and its major metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid, in edible oils, by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Oils were extracted with acidified water (1% formic acid), and the extracts were directly injected into an LC using a Hypercarb column as the stationary phase. The analytes were eluted by a mobile phase of methanol and water containing 1% acetic acid, and they were ionised by electrospray ionisation in negative ion mode. The method was validated and limits of quantification ranged from 5 μg kg-1 (aminomethylphosphonic acid) to 10 μg kg-1 (glyphosate and glufosinate). Three concentrations (10, 50 and 100 μg kg-1) were selected to perform recovery studies. Mean recoveries ranged from 81.4% to 119.4%. Intra and inter-day precision were lower than 19%. Different edible oils were analysed, and no residues of the studied herbicides were detected above limits of quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilda Chiarello
- Research Group ''Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants'', Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3 , Almería , Spain
- LBIOP-Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, Technology Department, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxais do Sul , Caxais do Sul , Brazil
| | - María Luisa Jiménez-Medina
- Research Group ''Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants'', Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3 , Almería , Spain
| | - Jesús Marín Saéz
- Research Group ''Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants'', Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3 , Almería , Spain
| | - Sidnei Moura
- LBIOP-Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, Technology Department, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxais do Sul , Caxais do Sul , Brazil
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Research Group ''Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants'', Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3 , Almería , Spain
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Research Group ''Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants'', Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3 , Almería , Spain
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18
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Deng H, Bian Z, Yang F, Liu S, Li Z, Fan Z, Wang Y, Tang G. Use of autoclave extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for determination of maleic hydrazide residues in tobacco. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2390-2397. [PMID: 31038270 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Maleic hydrazide has been extensively used as an effective growth regulator in tobacco sucker control. After application, maleic hydrazide distributes itself throughout the tobacco plant where it can exist as free, or forms glucoside conjugates with glucose, or becomes bound with lignin. Among them, free maleic hydrazide and its glucoside conjugates are extractable under conventional solvent extraction, while lignin bound maleic hydrazide is claimed to be non-extractable. Herein, an autoclave extraction method has been developed to extract maleic hydrazide effectively, in which tobacco samples are extracted in an autoclave at 130°C for 1 h using 4 M hydrochloric acid. Under such pressurized hot acidic water conditions, lignin bound maleic hydrazide can be released. Meanwhile, glucoside conjugates are hydrolyzed. Total maleic hydrazide is detected by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, and the quantitative results coincide well with that obtained from the international standard method. The proposed autoclave extraction with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry method exhibits excellent linearity in the range of 5-200 mg/kg (R2 = 0.9998), the matrix matched limit of detection and limit of quantification is 0.68 and 2.27 mg/kg, respectively. This method is simple and improves sample capacity, providing an effective approach to monitoring maleic hydrazide residues in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Deng
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Bian
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghao Li
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ziyan Fan
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gangling Tang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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19
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Herrera López S, Scholten J, Kiedrowska B, de Kok A. Method validation and application of a selective multiresidue analysis of highly polar pesticides in food matrices using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1594:93-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Chen D, Miao H, Zhao Y, Wu Y. A simple liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry method for the determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in human urine using cold-induced phase separation and hydrophilic pipette tip solid-phase extraction. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1587:73-78. [PMID: 30471790 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the phenomenon of acute poisoning events caused by glyphosate (GLY) had frequently occurred all over the world. The present work reported a simple liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method for direct determination of GLY and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in human urine by combining cold-induced phase separation (CIPS) with hydrophilic pipette tip solid-phase extraction (PTSPE). First, a urine sample was mixed with acetonitrile at a 80% concentration to precipitate proteins. After centrifugation, the mixture was performed a CIPS at -20 °C to enrich GLY and AMPA (six-fold) in the lower water phase which was further performed PTSPE procedure. PTSPE as a miniaturized procedure of SPE, combined with a manual accu-jet® Pro Pipette Controller, was used to extract GLY and AMPA, in which a new type of hydrophilic adsorbent (HILIC powder) based on amide-modified silica was selected as the adsorption of GLY and AMPA. The key factors including the type and the amount of adsorbent, the loading extraction solution, the type and volume of eluent, and the number of aspirating/dispensing cycles were investigated in detail. Meanwhile, the selectivity and sensitivity of GLY and AMPA analysis were improved by the use of LC-HRMS based on targeted single ion monitoring (tSIM) mode without tedious derivatization. This method made a full use of the advantages of these techniques by combining efficient enrichment, effective extraction and selective separation in a simple way. Finally, a comprehensive validation of the method was rigorously executed and the results indicated that the validated method afforded desired linearity, precision, accuracy, and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Yongning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China.
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21
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Huertas-Pérez JF, Sejerøe-Olsen B, Gokcen T, Sandor F, Schimmel H, Dabrio M. Gas chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry method validation for target pesticides in soybeans. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:96-108. [PMID: 30543487 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1538571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The production of certified reference materials requires the application of highly accurate methods for characterisation. A gas chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry method, setting ambitious performance criteria, was developed for eight selected pesticides in soybeans. Pressurised liquid extraction was followed by automated gel-permeation chromatography and solid-phase extraction clean-up. Pesticides identification respected a Commission Decision and guidelines of the Directorate General for Health and Food Safety (DG SANTE). Reliable quantification involved stable isotopically labelled analogues as internal standards. Validation, according to ISO/IEC 17,025 and DG SANTE guidelines, assessed linearity, LOD/LOQ, trueness, selectivity, precision, stability and robustness. Mean recoveries ranges (83-109%, relative standard deviations < 3%), repeatability (2.2-4.8%), day-to-day variation (0.6-4.2%) and combined uncertainty (1.2-4.2%) were fit for purpose. The method is highly accurate and suitable for certification of the selected pesticides in soybean matrix reference material. Chemical compounds studied in this article: Diazinon (PubChem CID: 3017); malathion (PubChem CID: 4004); chlorpyrifos (PubChem CID: 2730); captan (PubChem CID: 8606); endosulfan (PubChem CID: 3224); tebuconazole (PubChem CID: 86,102); iprodione (PubChem CID: 37,517); cypermethrin (PubChem CID: 2912).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B Sejerøe-Olsen
- a Joint Research Centre , European Commission , Geel , Belgium
| | - T Gokcen
- a Joint Research Centre , European Commission , Geel , Belgium
| | - F Sandor
- a Joint Research Centre , European Commission , Geel , Belgium
| | - H Schimmel
- a Joint Research Centre , European Commission , Geel , Belgium
| | - M Dabrio
- a Joint Research Centre , European Commission , Geel , Belgium
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22
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Francesquett JZ, Rizzetti TM, Cadaval TRS, Prestes OD, Adaime MB, Zanella R. Simultaneous determination of the quaternary ammonium pesticides paraquat, diquat, chlormequat, and mepiquat in barley and wheat using a modified quick polar pesticides method, diluted standard addition calibration and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1592:101-111. [PMID: 30638711 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a modified Quick Polar Pesticides (QuPPe) method, optimized by a central composite design, was developed to determine quaternary ammonium pesticides (QUATs) residues in barley and wheat by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) using a hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) column. Considering the high polarity of these compounds, special conditions of sample preparation and analysis are required. Different mobile phases, extraction procedure and clean-up were evaluated. An isocratic elution with aqueous solution of ammonium formate 60 mmol L-1 (pH 3.7) and acetonitrile, 40:60 (v/v), was selected. Water and acidified methanol as extraction solvent, without heating, and a clean-up with dichloromethane, chitosan and acetonitrile presented good results. The validated method presented satisfactory selectivity, linearity, matrix effect, trueness and precision, providing recoveries from 93 to 110% with RSD < 13% for barley, and 70 to 115% with RSD < 18% for wheat. The complexity of these matrices requires the calibration in matrix and the diluted standard addition calibration (DSAC) procedure has been shown to be an excellent option to compensate for the matrix effect and the losses of the analytes in the extraction. Real samples of barley and wheat were analyzed and 60% presented concentrations of paraquat above the maximum limits allowed by the European Union. The modified QuPPe method combined with DSAC and HILIC-UHPLC-MS/MS demonstrated to be an effective approach to determine QUATs in barley and wheat, and is a good alternative for routine analysis. The use of the biosorbent chitosan is effective, low cost and more ecological when compared to others conventional sorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Z Francesquett
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiele M Rizzetti
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tito R S Cadaval
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Osmar D Prestes
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Martha B Adaime
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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23
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Clean-up and matrix effect in LC-MS/MS analysis of food of plant origin for high polar herbicides. Food Chem 2017; 230:524-531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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