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Liu J, Dong Z, Huan K, He Z, Zhang Q, Deng D, Luo L. Application of the Electrospinning Technique in Electrochemical Biosensors: An Overview. Molecules 2024; 29:2769. [PMID: 38930834 PMCID: PMC11206051 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning is a cost-effective and flexible technology for producing nanofibers with large specific surface areas, functionalized surfaces, and stable structures. In recent years, electrospun nanofibers have attracted more and more attention in electrochemical biosensors due to their excellent morphological and structural properties. This review outlines the principle of electrospinning technology. The strategies of producing nanofibers with different diameters, morphologies, and structures are discussed to understand the regulation rules of nanofiber morphology and structure. The application of electrospun nanofibers in electrochemical biosensors is reviewed in detail. In addition, we look towards the future prospects of electrospinning technology and the challenge of scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
| | - Zhong Dong
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (Z.D.); (K.H.)
| | - Ke Huan
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (Z.D.); (K.H.)
| | - Zhangchu He
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (Z.D.); (K.H.)
| | - Qixian Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200436, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Technology, Shanghai University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Dongmei Deng
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (Z.D.); (K.H.)
| | - Liqiang Luo
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (Z.D.); (K.H.)
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2
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Wang D, Wang Y, Liu B, Ni L, Zhong J, Xie J, Wang Z. Determination of Eugenol Residues in Fish Tissue, Transport, and Temporary Water of Aquatic Product by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Application of the Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane. Foods 2024; 13:238. [PMID: 38254539 PMCID: PMC10814870 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and electrospun nanofibrous membrane, we developed and validated a simple, rapid, and sensitive methodology for quantifying eugenol residues in fish tissue and water samples. Fish tissue extract and water samples (315 samples) collected from three southeastern China provinces (Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Fujian), originating from eight provinces of Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Guangdong, Fujian, Anhui, Shanghai, and Jiangxi, from April 2021 to April 2023 were filtered with an electrospun nanofiber membrane, extracted with trichloromethane/n-hexane, and directly concentrated to dry after simple purification. An internal standard of p-terphenyl in n-hexane and 5-µL injection volumes of the solutions was used to analyze eugenol via internal calibration with a minimum concentration of 0.5 µg/L in water samples and 0.1 µg/kg in aquatic product samples. The highest amount of eugenol was detected in Fujian province, possibly due to the higher temperature during transportation, while the lowest amount was found in Shanghai, which mainly uses temporary fish-culture devices. This is a fast, inexpensive, and effective method for testing large quantities of fish water and meat samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqian Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (D.W.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (L.N.); (J.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Yunning Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (D.W.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (L.N.); (J.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Bolin Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (D.W.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (L.N.); (J.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Ling Ni
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (D.W.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (L.N.); (J.Z.); (J.X.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jian Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (D.W.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (L.N.); (J.Z.); (J.X.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (D.W.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (L.N.); (J.Z.); (J.X.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhengquan Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (D.W.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (L.N.); (J.Z.); (J.X.)
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
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Navarro J, Cepriá G, Camacho-Aguayo J, Martín S, González Orive A, de Marcos S, Galbán J. Towards new fluorometric methodologies based on the in-situ generation of gold nanoclusters. Talanta 2024; 266:125119. [PMID: 37657379 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
In this manuscript a method for the fluorometric determination of tyramine is described. It is based on the direct reaction between Au(III) and tyramine in a phosphate buffer which produces fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNC) (λexc = 320 nm, λem = 410 nm) with a diameter of 1.50 ± 0.06 nm. The Au(III) and buffer solutions are mixed and after 140 s, tyramine solution is added; which produces a fast and stable fluorescence signal. The formation of AuNC is demonstrated by STEM and, more importantly, this reaction could be followed by Atomic Fluorescence Microscopy (AFM). The method allows the determination of tyramine in the range from 6.0x10-7 M (limit of quantification) up to 1.2x10-4 M; with a relative standard deviation (RSD) ranges from 1.8% to 4.4% depending on the tyramine concentration. The mechanism of AuNC formation involves the Au(III) reduction via the phenol group and the complexation with the amine group. Putrescine and cadaverine do not produce interference, meanwhile histamine causes a proportional decrease in the signal which can be overcome by the standard addition method. The method was applied to the determination of tyramine in a tuna and cheese samples and the results obtained are in statistical agreement with these obtained using a validated or standard method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Navarro
- Analytical Biosensors Group (GBA), Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), University of Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gemma Cepriá
- Group of Analytical Spectroscopy and Sensors (GEAS), Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales (IUCA), Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Camacho-Aguayo
- Analytical Biosensors Group (GBA), Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), University of Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santiago Martín
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro González Orive
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Nanotechnology Institute, University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38206, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Susana de Marcos
- Analytical Biosensors Group (GBA), Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), University of Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Galbán
- Analytical Biosensors Group (GBA), Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), University of Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Das J, Mishra HN. A comprehensive review of the spoilage of shrimp and advances in various indicators/sensors for shrimp spoilage monitoring. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113270. [PMID: 37803582 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Shrimp is a popular internationally traded shellfish due to its unique taste, texture, and nutritional value. Shrimp is highly perishable because it has enough free amino acids, high moisture levels, non-nitrogenous compounds used for microbial growth, and melanosis. Shrimp spoilage after death is caused by various reasons, like autolysis (endogenous proteinases actions during shrimp storage), growth of spoilage microorganisms, ATP degradation, melanin formation, and lipid peroxidation. A microbial byproduct, total volatile basic nitrogen, is one of the major reasons for the generation of foul odors from shrimp spoilage. Shrimp freshness monitoring is crucial for market sellers and exporters. Traditional methods for estimating shrimp freshness are expensive and inaccessible to the general public. Sensors are rapid, sensitive, selective, and portable food toxins' detection tools, devoid of expensive instruments, skilled people, sample pretreatment, and a long detection time. This review addresses shrimp spoilage causes. The mechanisms of different stages of shrimp spoilage after death, like rigor mortis, dissolution of rigor mortis, autolysis, and microbial spoilage mechanisms, are discussed. This review highlights the last five years' advances in shrimp freshness detection sensors and indicators like colorimetric pH indicators, fluorescence sensors, electronic noses, and biosensors, their working principles, and their sensitivities. Commercially available indicators and sensors for shrimp spoilage monitoring are also discussed. A review highlighting the applications of the different sensors and indicators for monitoring shrimp freshness is unavailable to date. Challenges and future perspectives in this field are explained at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyati Das
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
| | - Hari Niwas Mishra
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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5
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Domínguez M, Oliver S, Garriga R, Muñoz E, Cebolla VL, de Marcos S, Galbán J. Tectomer-Mediated Optical Nanosensors for Tyramine Determination. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2524. [PMID: 36904726 PMCID: PMC10007293 DOI: 10.3390/s23052524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of optical sensors for in situ testing has become of great interest in the rapid diagnostics industry. We report here the development of simple, low-cost optical nanosensors for the semi-quantitative detection or naked-eye detection of tyramine (a biogenic amine whose production is commonly associated with food spoilage) when coupled to Au(III)/tectomer films deposited on polylactic acid (PLA) supports. Tectomers are two-dimensional oligoglycine self-assemblies, whose terminal amino groups enable both the immobilization of Au(III) and its adhesion to PLA. Upon exposure to tyramine, a non-enzymatic redox reaction takes place in which Au(III) in the tectomer matrix is reduced by tyramine to gold nanoparticles, whose reddish-purple color depends on the tyramine concentration and can be identified by measuring the RGB coordinates (Red-Green-Blue coordinates) using a smartphone color recognition app. Moreover, a more accurate quantification of tyramine in the range from 0.048 to 10 μM could be performed by measuring the reflectance of the sensing layers and the absorbance of the characteristic 550 nm plasmon band of the gold nanoparticles. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the method was 4.2% (n = 5) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.014 μM. A remarkable selectivity was achieved for tyramine detection in the presence of other biogenic amines, especially histamine. This methodology, based on the optical properties of Au(III)/tectomer hybrid coatings, is promising for its application in food quality control and smart food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Domínguez
- Nanosensors and Bioanalytical Systems (N&SB), Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA University of Zaragoza-CSIC), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sofía Oliver
- Nanosensors and Bioanalytical Systems (N&SB), Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA University of Zaragoza-CSIC), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosa Garriga
- Departamento de Química-Física, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Edgar Muñoz
- Instituto de Carboquímica ICB-CSIC, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Susana de Marcos
- Nanosensors and Bioanalytical Systems (N&SB), Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA University of Zaragoza-CSIC), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Galbán
- Nanosensors and Bioanalytical Systems (N&SB), Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA University of Zaragoza-CSIC), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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6
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Fluorescence digital image-based method to measure biogenic amines in Buffalo Mozzarella and other cheeses produced in Brazil. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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7
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Bauer M, Duerkop A, Baeumner AJ. Critical review of polymer and hydrogel deposition methods for optical and electrochemical bioanalytical sensors correlated to the sensor's applicability in real samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:83-95. [PMID: 36280625 PMCID: PMC9816278 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sensors, ranging from in vivo through to single-use systems, employ protective membranes or hydrogels to enhance sample collection or serve as filters, to immobilize or entrap probes or receptors, or to stabilize and enhance a sensor's lifetime. Furthermore, many applications demand specific requirements such as biocompatibility and non-fouling properties for in vivo applications, or fast and inexpensive mass production capabilities for single-use sensors. We critically evaluated how membrane materials and their deposition methods impact optical and electrochemical systems with special focus on analytical figures of merit and potential toward large-scale production. With some chosen examples, we highlight the fact that often a sensor's performance relies heavily on the deposition method, even though other methods or materials could in fact improve the sensor. Over the course of the last 5 years, most sensing applications within healthcare diagnostics included glucose, lactate, uric acid, O2, H+ ions, and many specific metabolites and markers. In the case of food safety and environmental monitoring, the choice of analytes was much more comprehensive regarding a variety of natural and synthetic toxicants like bacteria, pesticides, or pollutants and other relevant substances. We conclude that more attention must be paid toward deposition techniques as these may in the end become a major hurdle in a sensor's likelihood of moving from an academic lab into a real-world product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Bauer
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Axel Duerkop
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antje J. Baeumner
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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8
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Vallejos S, Trigo-López M, Arnaiz A, Miguel Á, Muñoz A, Mendía A, García JM. From Classical to Advanced Use of Polymers in Food and Beverage Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224954. [PMID: 36433081 PMCID: PMC9699061 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers are extensively used in food and beverage packaging to shield against contaminants and external damage due to their barrier properties, protecting the goods inside and reducing waste. However, current trends in polymers for food, water, and beverage applications are moving forward into the design and preparation of advanced polymers, which can act as active packaging, bearing active ingredients in their formulation, or controlling the head-space composition to extend the shelf-life of the goods inside. In addition, polymers can serve as sensory polymers to detect and indicate the presence of target species, including contaminants of food quality indicators, or even to remove or separate target species for later quantification. Polymers are nowadays essential materials for both food safety and the extension of food shelf-life, which are key goals of the food industry, and the irruption of smart materials is opening new opportunities for going even further in these goals. This review describes the state of the art following the last 10 years of research within the field of food and beverage polymer's applications, covering present applications, perspectives, and concerns related to waste generation and the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Vallejos
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Miriam Trigo-López
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Ana Arnaiz
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Miguel
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Asunción Muñoz
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Aránzazu Mendía
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - José Miguel García
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
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A review on designing nanofibers with high porous and rough surface via electrospinning technology for rapid detection of food quality and safety attributes. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Electrospun Smart Oxygen Indicating Tag for Modified Atmosphere Packaging Applications: Fabrication, Characterization and Storage Stability. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102108. [PMID: 35631990 PMCID: PMC9143945 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pack integrity is essential for the success of modified atmosphere packaging of food products. Colorimetric oxygen leak indicators or tags are simple and smart tools that can depict the presence or absence of oxygen within a package. However, not many bio-based electrospun materials were explored for this purpose. Ultraviolet light-activated kappa-carrageenan-based smart oxygen indicating tag was developed using the electrospinning technique in this study and its stability during storage was determined. Kappa-carrageenan was used with redox dye, sacrificial electron donor, photocatalyst, and solvent for preparing oxygen indicating electrospun tag. Parameters of electrospinning namely flow rate of the polymer solution, the distance between spinneret and collector, and voltage applied were optimized using Taguchi L9 orthogonal design. Rheological and microstructural studies revealed that the electrospinning solution was pseudoplastic and the mat fibers were compact and non-woven with an average fiber size of 1–2 microns. Oxygen sensitivity at different oxygen concentrations revealed that the tag was sensitive enough to detect as low as 0.4% oxygen. The developed tag was stable for at least 60 days when stored in dark at 25 °C and 65% RH. The developed mat could be highly useful in modified atmosphere packaging applications to check seal integrity in oxygen devoid packages.
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12
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Luo X, Zaitoon A, Lim LT. A review on colorimetric indicators for monitoring product freshness in intelligent food packaging: Indicator dyes, preparation methods, and applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2489-2519. [PMID: 35365965 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intelligent food packaging system exhibits enhanced communication function by providing dynamic product information to various stakeholders (e.g., consumers, retailers, distributors) in the supply chain. One example of intelligent packaging involves the use of colorimetric indicators, which when subjected to external stimuli (e.g., moisture, gas/vapor, electromagnetic radiation, temperature), display discernable color changes that can be correlated with real-time changes in product quality. This type of interactive packaging system allows continuous monitoring of product freshness during transportation, distribution, storage, and marketing phases. This review summarizes the colorimetric indicator technologies for intelligent packaging systems, emphasizing on the types of indicator dyes, preparation methods, applications in different food products, and future considerations. Both food and nonfood indicator materials integrated into various carriers (e.g., paper-based substrates, polymer films, electrospun fibers, and nanoparticles) with material properties optimized for specific applications are discussed, targeting perishable products, such as fresh meat and fishery products. Colorimetric indicators can supplement the traditional "Best Before" date label by providing real-time product quality information to the consumers and retailers, thereby not only ensuring product safety, but also promising in reducing food waste. Successful scale-up of these intelligent packaging technologies to the industrial level must consider issues related to regulatory approval, consumer acceptance, cost-effectiveness, and product compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Luo
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Amr Zaitoon
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Loong-Tak Lim
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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Han WH, Li X, Yu GF, Wang BC, Huang LP, Wang J, Long YZ. Recent Advances in the Food Application of Electrospun Nanofibers. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Zhai X, Lin L, Wang Y, An H, Shen W, Chen R. A Carry‐On Kit Containing Electrospun Nanofibrous Affinity Membranes by Surface Grafting Phenylboronic Acid for Quantitative Enrichment of Nucleotides in Urine. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Zhai
- School of Science China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials of China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Lulu Lin
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University No. 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Yongxing Wang
- School of Science China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials of China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Haoyu An
- School of Science China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Weiyang Shen
- School of Science China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University) Ministry of Education Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Science China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials of China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
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15
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Wolfbeis OS. Fluorescent chameleon labels for bioconjugation and imaging of proteins, nucleic acids, biogenic amines and surface amino groups. a review. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2021; 9. [PMID: 34340216 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ac1a0a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chameleon labels (ChLs) possess the unique property of changing (visible) color and fluorescence on binding to amino groups of biomolecules. MostChLs react with primary aliphatic amino groups such as those in lysine or with amino groups artificially introduced into polynucleic acids or saccharides, but someothers also react with secondary amino groups. Under controlled circumstances, the reactions are fairly specific. The review is subdivided into the following sections: (1) An introduction and classification of fluorescent labels; (2) pyrylium labels that undergo shortwave color changes upon labelling, typically from blue to red; (3) polymethine type of labels (that also undergo shortwave color changes, typically from green to blue; (4) various other (less common) chromogenic and fluorogenic systems; (5) hemicyanine labels that undergolongwavecolor changes, typically from yellow to purple; (6) the application of ChLs to labeling of proteins and oligonucleotides; (7) applications to fluorometric assays and sensing; (8) applications to fluorescence imaging of biomolecules; (9) applications in studies on affinity interactions (receptor-ligand binding); (10) applications in surface and interface chemistry; and (11) applications in chromatography, electrophoresis and isotachophoresis of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto S Wolfbeis
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, 94040 Regensburg, Germany
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16
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Mosselhy DA, Assad M, Sironen T, Elbahri M. Nanotheranostics: A Possible Solution for Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and their Biofilms? NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:E82. [PMID: 33401760 PMCID: PMC7824312 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a notorious pathogen that colonizes implants (orthopedic and breast implants) and wounds with a vicious resistance to antibiotic therapy. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a catastrophe mainly restricted to hospitals and emerged to community reservoirs, acquiring resistance and forming biofilms. Treating biofilms is problematic except via implant removal or wound debridement. Nanoparticles (NPs) and nanofibers could combat superbugs and biofilms and rapidly diagnose MRSA. Nanotheranostics combine diagnostics and therapeutics into a single agent. This comprehensive review is interpretative, utilizing mainly recent literature (since 2016) besides the older remarkable studies sourced via Google Scholar and PubMed. We unravel the molecular S. aureus resistance and complex biofilm. The diagnostic properties and detailed antibacterial and antibiofilm NP mechanisms are elucidated in exciting stories. We highlight the challenges of bacterial infections nanotheranostics. Finally, we discuss the literature and provide "three action appraisals". (i) The first appraisal consists of preventive actions (two wings), avoiding unnecessary hospital visits, hand hygiene, and legislations against over-the-counter antibiotics as the general preventive wing. Our second recommended preventive wing includes preventing the adverse side effects of the NPs from resistance and toxicity by establishing standard testing procedures. These standard procedures should provide breakpoints of bacteria's susceptibility to NPs and a thorough toxicological examination of every single batch of synthesized NPs. (ii) The second appraisal includes theranostic actions, using nanotheranostics to diagnose and treat MRSA, such as what we call "multifunctional theranostic nanofibers. (iii) The third action appraisal consists of collaborative actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina A. Mosselhy
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland;
- Microbiological Unit, Fish Diseases Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mhd Assad
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland;
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mady Elbahri
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland;
- Nanochemistry and Nanoengineering, Institute for Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Sheikh Zayed District, Giza 12588, Egypt
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17
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Dipsticks with Reflectometric Readout of an NIR Dye for Determination of Biogenic Amines. CHEMOSENSORS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors8040099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibers (ENFs) are remarkable analytical tools for quantitative analysis since they are inexpensive, easily produced in uniform homogenous mats, and provide a high surface area-to-volume ratio. Taking advantage of these characteristics, a near-infrared (NIR)-dye was doped as chemosensor into ENFs of about 500 nm in diameter electrospun into 50 µm thick mats on indium tin oxide (ITO) supports. The mats were made of cellulose acetate (CA) and used as a sensor layer on optical dipsticks for the determination of biogenic amines (BAs) in food. The ENFs contained the chromogenic amine-reactive chameleon dye S0378 which is green and turns blue upon formation of a dye-BA conjugate. This SN1-reaction of the S0378 dye with various BAs was monitored by reflectance measurements at 635 nm where the intrinsic absorption of biological material is low. The difference of the reflectance before and after the reaction is proportional to BA levels from 0.04–1 mM. The LODs are in the range from 0.03–0.09 mM, concentrations that can induce food poisoning but are not recognized by the human nose. The calibration plots of histamine, putrescine, spermidine, and tyramine are very similar and suggesting the use of the dipsticks to monitor the total sample BA content. Furthermore, the dipsticks are selective to primary amines (both mono- and diamines) and show low interference towards most nucleophiles. A minute interference of proteins in real samples can be overcome by appropriate sample pretreatment. Hence, the ageing of seafood samples could be monitored via their total BA content which rose up to 21.7 ± 3.2 µmol/g over six days of storage. This demonstrates that optically doped NFs represent viable sensor and transducer materials for food analysis with dipsticks.
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18
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Zhang H, Chan-Park MB, Wang M. Functional Polymers and Polymer-Dye Composites for Food Sensing. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000279. [PMID: 32840324 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The sensitive, safe, and portable detection of food spoilage is becoming unprecedentedly important because it is closely related to the public health and economic development, particularly given the globalization of food supply chain. However, the existing approaches for food monitoring are still limited to meet these requirements. To address this challenge, much research has been done to develop an ideal food sensor that can indicate food quality in real-time in a sensitive and reliable way. So far, many sensors such as time-temperature indicators, smart trademarks, colorimetric tags, electronic noses, and electronic tongues, have been developed and even commercialized. In this feature article, the recent progress of food sensors based on functional polymers, including the molecular design of polymer structures, sensing mechanisms, and relevant processing techniques to fabricate a variety of food sensor devices is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Mary B Chan-Park
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Mingfeng Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
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19
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Danchuk AI, Komova NS, Mobarez SN, Doronin SY, Burmistrova NA, Markin AV, Duerkop A. Optical sensors for determination of biogenic amines in food. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:4023-4036. [PMID: 32382967 PMCID: PMC7320057 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02675-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the state-of-the-art of optical sensors for determination of biogenic amines (BAs) in food by publications covering about the last 10 years. Interest in the development of rapid and preferably on-site methods for quantification of BAs is based on their important role in implementation and regulation of various physiological processes. At the same time, BAs can develop in different kinds of food by fermentation processes or microbial activity or arise due to contamination, which induces toxicological risks and food poisoning and causes serious health issues. Therefore, various optical chemosensor systems have been devised that are easy to assemble and fast responding and low-cost analytical tools. If amenable to on-site analysis, they are an attractive alternative to existing instrumental analytical methods used for BA determination in food. Hence, also portable sensor systems or dipstick sensors are described based on various probes that typically enable signal readouts such as photometry, reflectometry, luminescence, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, or ellipsometry. The quantification of BAs in real food samples and the design of the sensors are highlighted and the analytical figures of merit are compared. Future instrumental trends for BA sensing point to the use of cell phone-based fully automated optical evaluation and devices that could even comprise microfluidic micro total analysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra I Danchuk
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russian Federation, 410012
| | - Nadezhda S Komova
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russian Federation, 410012
| | - Sarah N Mobarez
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sergey Yu Doronin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russian Federation, 410012
| | - Natalia A Burmistrova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russian Federation, 410012
| | - Alexey V Markin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russian Federation, 410012
| | - Axel Duerkop
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
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20
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Klisara N, Palaniappan A, Liedberg B. Sorbent-incorporated dipstick for direct assaying of proteases. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:1385-1393. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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D B, Dey D, T. L V, Thodi F. Salfeena C, Panda MK, Somappa SB. Rapid Visual Detection of Amines by Pyrylium Salts for Food Spoilage Taggant. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:772-778. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Basavaraja D
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST), Thiruvanthapuram-695019, Kerala India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Dibyendu Dey
- Department of Chemistry (Inorganic Section), Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal India
| | - Varsha T. L
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST), Thiruvanthapuram-695019, Kerala India
| | - Chettiyan Thodi F. Salfeena
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST), Thiruvanthapuram-695019, Kerala India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Manas K. Panda
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST), Thiruvanthapuram-695019, Kerala India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Department of Chemistry (Inorganic Section), Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal India
| | - Sasidhar B. Somappa
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (NIIST), Thiruvanthapuram-695019, Kerala India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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22
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Rogacheva S, Shipovskaya A, Ivanova I, Gegel N. Film polysaccharide matrices for immobilization of hydrophilic fluorescence probes. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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23
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Sudalaimani S, Esokkiya A, Hansda S, Suresh C, Tamilarasan P, Giribabu K. Colorimetric Sensing of Putrescine and Cadaverine Using Ninhydrin as a Food Spoilage Detection Reagent. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Ahmad W, Mohammed GI, Al-Eryani DA, Saigl ZM, Alyoubi AO, Alwael H, Bashammakh AS, O'Sullivan CK, El-Shahawi MS. Biogenic Amines Formation Mechanism and Determination Strategies: Future Challenges and Limitations. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:485-500. [PMID: 31486337 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1657793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The evolution in foodstuff-monitoring processes has increased the number of studies on biogenic amines (BAs), in recent years. This trend with future perspective needs to be assembled to address the associated health risks. Thus, this study aims to cover three main aspects of BAs: (i) occurrence, physiology, and toxicological effects, most probable formation mechanisms and factors controlling their growth; (ii) recent advances, strategies for determination, preconcentration steps, model technique, and nature of the matrix; and (iii) milestone, limitations with existing methodologies, future trends, and detailed expected developments for clinical use and on-site ultra-trace determination. The core of the ongoing review will discuss recent trends in pre-concentration toward miniaturization, automation, and possible coupling with electrochemical techniques, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, spectrofluorimetry, and lateral flow protocols to be exploited for the development of rapid, facile, and sensitive on-site determination strategies for BAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - G I Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Makka, Saudi Arabia
| | - D A Al-Eryani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Z M Saigl
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A O Alyoubi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Alwael
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A S Bashammakh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - C K O'Sullivan
- Nanobiotechnology & Bioanalysis Group, Department d Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M S El-Shahawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Khan RU, Wang L, Yu H, Abdin ZU, Haq F, Haroon M, Naveed KUR, Elshaarani T, Fahad S, Ren S, Wang J. Synthesis of polyorganophosphazenes and fabrication of their blend microspheres and micro/nanofibers as drug delivery systems. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1581203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Haojie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zain-Ul- Abdin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fazal Haq
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Haroon
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kaleem-Ur-Rehman Naveed
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tarig Elshaarani
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shah Fahad
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sicong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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26
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Baranowska-Korczyc A, Maksymiuk K, Michalska A. Electrospun nanofiber supported optodes: scaling down the receptor layer thickness to nanometers – towards 2D optodes. Analyst 2019; 144:4667-4676. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00756c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel type of optode sensor is proposed using electrospun nanofibers as the supporting inert material.
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27
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A Review on Biopolymer-Based Fibers via Electrospinning and Solution Blowing and Their Applications. FIBERS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fib6030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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