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Morovati S, Larijani K, Helalizadeh M, Mohammadkhani LG, Faraji H. Determination of remdesivir in human plasma using (deep eutectic solvent-ionic liquid) ferrofluid microextraction combined with liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1712:464468. [PMID: 37926006 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
A microextraction technique based on ferrofluids was developed for the preconcentration and quantification of Remdesivir in human plasma samples. This method utilized a new type of magnetic colloids created by combining silica-coated magnetic particles with modified ionic liquid and natural hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent as the carrier liquid. The efficiency of the sorption and desorption steps was optimized using a chemometrics approach. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curve exhibited linearity in the concentration range of 0.5 to 500.0 μg L-1, with a limit of detection and quantification of 0.2 and 0.5 μg L-1, respectively. The method precision was evaluated by assessing intra- and interday precision at three different analyte concentrations, yielding values of 8.9% and 16.8%, respectively. Moreover, the method accuracy fell within the range of 90.9% to 107.5%. This proposed method offers a green and environmentally friendly sample preparation technique for conducting pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and therapeutic drug monitoring studies of Remdesivir in biological fluids. Importantly, this technique eliminates the need for external energy sources or the use of dispersive solvents, providing a more efficient and sustainable approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Morovati
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Larijani
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Helalizadeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sport Medicine Research Center, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, 1587958711, Iran
| | | | - Hakim Faraji
- Laboratorio de Materiales para Análisis Químico (MAT4LL), Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206, Tenerife, Spain.
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2
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Jin M, Wen ZF, Liu YJ, Qian M, Zhou Y, Bian Y, Zhang Y, Feng XS. Trihalomethanes in water samples: Recent update on pretreatment and detection methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140005. [PMID: 37652249 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Trihalomethanes (THMs) are classified as volatile organic compounds, considered to be a disinfection by-product during water disinfection process. THMs have been shown to be cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic, with a risk of cancer when they contact with people directly. To protect public health and monitor water quality, it is important to monitor and measure THMs in drinking water. Therefore, it is crucial to develop fast, accurate, highly sensitivity and green analysis methods of THMs in various complicated matrices. Here, this review presents an overall summary of the current state of the pretreatment and detection methods for THMs in various sample matrices since 2005. In addition to the traditionally used pretreatment methods for THMs (such as headspace extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, liquid-liquid extraction), the new-developed methods, including solid-phase extraction, QuEChERS and different microextraction methods, have been summarized. The detection methods include gas chromatography-based methods, sensors and several other approaches. Additionally, benefits and limitations of different techniques were also discussed and compared. This study is anticipated to offer fruitful insights into the further advancement and widespread applications of pretreatment and detection technologies for THMs as well as for related substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jin
- (School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Wen
- (Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China, Beijing, 110001, China
| | - Ya-Jie Liu
- (School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Min Qian
- (School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- (Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yu Bian
- (School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- (School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- (School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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3
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Gas flow-assisted headspace-single drop microextraction to determine benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene in aqueous samples. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Magnetic deep eutectic solvent-based microextraction for determination of organophosphorus flame retardants in aqueous samples: One step closer to green chemistry. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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5
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Liao M, Yang L, Yang X, Wang E, Lu B, Wang J, Duan L. Vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for the urinary excretion study of Taraxacum mongolicum extract in rats. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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6
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Tazarv M, Faraji H, Moghimi A, Azizinejad F. Bursting bubble flow microextraction combined with gas chromatography for determination of organochlorine pesticides in aqueous samples. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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7
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Sadeghcheh T, Tehrani MS, Faraji H, Azar PA, Helalizadeh M. Analysis of tamoxifen and its main metabolites in plasma samples of breast cancer survivor female athletes: Multivariate and chemometric optimization. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1362-1373. [PMID: 35138031 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive method based on liquid chromatography combined with a diode array detector was developed and validated to simultaneously determine tamoxifen, and its active metabolites N-desmethyltamoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, and endoxifen in human plasma samples. The green and sustainable vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-phase microextraction technique based on the natural hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent was used for the extraction and pre-concentration of the analytes. Chemometrics and multivariate analysis were used to optimize the independent variables, including the type and volume of deep eutectic solvent, extraction time, and ionic strength. Under optimal conditions, calibration curves were linear in a suitable range with the lower limits of quantification (0.8-10.0 μg L-1 ), which covered the relevant concentrations of the analytes in plasma samples for a clinical study. Intra- and inter-day precision evaluated at three concentrations for the analytes were lower than 8.2 and 12.1 %, respectively. Accuracy was in the range of 94.9-104.7%. The applicability of the developed method on human plasma samples illustrated the range 45.1-72.8, 98.4-128.3, 0.9-1.2, and 2.7-6.1 μg L-1 for tamoxifen, N-desmethyltamoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, and endoxifen, respectively. The validated method can be effective for the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic drug monitoring studies of tamoxifen and its main metabolites in biological fluids. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Sadeghcheh
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saber Tehrani
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakim Faraji
- Department of Chemistry, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | - Parviz Aberoomand Azar
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Helalizadeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sport Medicine Research Center, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
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Badaró JPM, Campos VP, da Rocha FOC, Santos CL. Multivariate analysis of the distribution and formation of trihalomethanes in treated water for human consumption. Food Chem 2021; 365:130469. [PMID: 34243123 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The disinfection of water for human consumption with chlorine or other compounds produces secondary reactions with the organic matter, generating undesirable disinfection by-products (DBPs). Among these are trihalomethanes (THMs), identified as carcinogenic compounds. This work determined the trihalomethanes concentration, both speciated and total, in treated water distributed and stored in tanks of residential condominiums of different social classes. THMs were quantified using static manual Headspace as preconcentration technique, injecting the vapor phase collected in a GC/FID. The results show that the water distributed to the homes already contains THMs, trichloromethane being the major compound. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) with 60 water samples showed that there is no significant distinction among samples of treated water distributed water and water stored in tanks. This study warns to the importance of controlling the formation of trihalomethanes in water throughout treatment and distribution for users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vânia Palmeira Campos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-270 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Lima Santos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-270 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Novel ionic reverse mixed micelle supramolecules in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the successive/individual sensitive speciation analysis of iron in natural water by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.105986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Mehravar A, Feizbakhsh A, Mohsen Sarafi AH, Konoz E, Faraji H. Validation of chemometric-assisted single-drop microextraction based on sustainable solvents to analyze polyaromatic hydrocarbons in water samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:242-249. [PMID: 33351005 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01881c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemometric and statistic approaches were applied to optimize and validate headspace-single drop microextraction-based deep eutectic solvents combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The proposed technique was used for the pre-concentration, separation, and detection of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples. The efficacy of the independent variables on the extraction efficiency was studied via chemometric methods in two steps. The method exhibits good linearity for the analytes (R2 ≥ 0.9989). Under optimal conditions, the analytical signal was linear in the range of 0.01-50 μg L-1. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were evaluated in the concentration range of 0.003-0.012 and 0.009-0.049 μg L-1, respectively. The precision consisting of repeatability and reproducibility were assessed by estimating the relative standard deviation (RSD%), and their values were found to be lower than 7.1% and 11.7%, respectively. Consequently, the proposed procedure was used to extract and analyze 19 polyaromatic hydrocarbons in real aqueous samples, which demonstrated satisfactory recoveries (94.40-105.98%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mehravar
- Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Feizbakhsh
- Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Elaheh Konoz
- Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hakim Faraji
- Department of Chemistry, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin 338177489, Iran.
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11
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Shahbodaghi M, Faraji H, Shahbaazi H, Shabani M. Sustainable and green microextraction of organophosphorus flame retardants by a novel phosphonium‐based deep eutectic solvent. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:452-461. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shahbodaghi
- Department of ChemistryVaramin‐Pishva BranchIslamic Azad University Varamin Iran
| | - Hakim Faraji
- Department of ChemistryVaramin‐Pishva BranchIslamic Azad University Varamin Iran
| | - Hamidreza Shahbaazi
- Department of ChemistryVaramin‐Pishva BranchIslamic Azad University Varamin Iran
| | - Mohsen Shabani
- Department of ChemistryVaramin‐Pishva BranchIslamic Azad University Varamin Iran
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12
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Selecting an extraction solvent for a greener liquid phase microextraction (LPME) mode-based analytical method. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent based on centrifugation-free dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for speciation of selenium in aqueous samples: One step closer to green analytical chemistry. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Azeem HA, Tolcha T, Hyberg PE, Essén S, Stenström K, Swietlicki E, Sandahl M. Extending the scope of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for trace analysis of 3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid in atmospheric aerosols leading to the discovery of iron(III) complexes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2937-2944. [PMID: 30931501 PMCID: PMC6522453 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
3-Methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid (MBTCA) is a secondary organic aerosol and can be used as a unique emission marker of biogenic emissions of monoterpenes. Seasonal variations and differences in vegetation cover around the world may lead to low atmospheric MBTCA concentrations, in many cases too low to be measured. Hence, an important tool to quantify the contribution of terrestrial vegetation to the loading of secondary organic aerosol may be compromised. To meet this challenge, a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) method, known for the extraction of hydrophobic compounds, was extended to the extraction of polar organic compounds like MBTCA without compromising the efficiency of the method. The extraction solvent was fine-tuned using tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide as additive. A multivariate experimental design was applied for deeper understanding of significant variables and interactions between them. The optimum extraction conditions included 1-octanol with 15% tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide (w/w) as extraction solvent, methanol as dispersive solvent, 25% NaCl dissolved in 5 mL sample (w/w) acidified to pH 2 using HNO3, and extraction time of 15 min. A limit of detection of 0.12 pg/m3 in air was achieved. Furthermore, unique complexation behavior of MBTCA with iron(III) was found when analyzed with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC–ESI–QToF). A comprehensive overview of this complexation behavior of MBTCA was examined with systematically designed experiments. This newly discovered behavior of MBTCA will be of interest for further research on organometallic photooxidation chemistry of atmospheric aerosols. a) Additive assisted DLLME and MBTCA complexes with Fe(III), b) A good quality figure is attached in ppt format to facilitate editable objects ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Abdul Azeem
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Teshome Tolcha
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, 1000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Petter Ekman Hyberg
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sofia Essén
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristina Stenström
- Department of Physics, Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Swietlicki
- Department of Physics, Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Sandahl
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
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Xue Y, Xu XS, Yong L, Hu B, Li XD, Zhong SH, Li Y, Xie J, Qing LS. Optimization of Vortex-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for the Simultaneous Quantitation of Eleven Non-Anthocyanin Polyphenols in Commercial Blueberry Using the Multi-Objective Response Surface Methodology and Desirability Function Approach. Molecules 2018; 23:E2921. [PMID: 30423914 PMCID: PMC6278316 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 11 non-anthocyanin polyphenols, gallic acid, protocatechuate, vanillic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate-were firstly screened and identified from blueberries using an ultra performance liquid chromatography⁻time of flight mass spectrography (UPLC-TOF/MS) method. Then, a sample preparation method was developed based on vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. The microextraction conditions, including the amount of ethyl acetate, the amount of acetonitrile and the solution pH, were optimized through the multi-objective response surface methodology and desirability function approach. Finally, an ultra performance liquid chromatography⁻triple quadrupole mass spectrography (UPLC-QqQ/MS) method was developed to determine the 11 non-anthocyanin polyphenols in 25 commercial blueberry samples from Sichuan province and Chongqing city. The results show that this new method with high accuracy, good precision and simple operation characteristics, can be used to determine non-anthocyanin polyphenols in blueberries and is expected to be used in the analysis of other fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Sichuan for Elderly Care and Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China.
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xian-Shun Xu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Li Yong
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Bin Hu
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xing-De Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shi-Hong Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Sichuan for Elderly Care and Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Yi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Sichuan for Elderly Care and Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Jing Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Sichuan for Elderly Care and Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Lin-Sen Qing
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Sichuan for Elderly Care and Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China.
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
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