1
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West JH, Mondal TK, Williams SJ. Electrokinetic particle trapping in microfluidic wells using conductive nanofiber mats. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 39223919 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202400051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The frequency dependence of electrokinetic particle trapping using large-area (>mm2) conductive carbon nanofiber (CNF) mat electrodes is investigated. The fibers provide nanoscale geometric features for the generation of high electric field gradients, which is necessary for particle trapping via dielectrophoresis (DEP). A device was fabricated with an array of microfluidic wells for repeated experiments; each well included a CNF mat electrode opposing an aluminum electrode. Fluorescent microspheres (1 µm) were trapped at various electric field frequencies between 30 kHz and 1 MHz. Digital images of each well were analyzed to quantify particle trapping. DEP trapping by the CNF mats was greater at all tested frequencies than that of the control of no applied field, and the greatest trapping was observed at a frequency of 600 kHz, where electrothermal flow is more significantly weakened than DEP. Theoretical analysis and measured impedance spectra indicate that this result was due to a combination of the frequency dependence of DEP and capacitive behavior of the well-based device.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hunter West
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tonoy K Mondal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Stuart J Williams
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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2
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Tian Z, Wang X, Chen J. On-chip dielectrophoretic single-cell manipulation. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:117. [PMID: 39187499 PMCID: PMC11347631 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Bioanalysis at a single-cell level has yielded unparalleled insight into the heterogeneity of complex biological samples. Combined with Lab-on-a-Chip concepts, various simultaneous and high-frequency techniques and microfluidic platforms have led to the development of high-throughput platforms for single-cell analysis. Dielectrophoresis (DEP), an electrical approach based on the dielectric property of target cells, makes it possible to efficiently manipulate individual cells without labeling. This review focusses on the engineering designs of recent advanced microfluidic designs that utilize DEP techniques for multiple single-cell analyses. On-chip DEP is primarily effectuated by the induced dipole of dielectric particles, (i.e., cells) in a non-uniform electric field. In addition to simply capturing and releasing particles, DEP can also aid in more complex manipulations, such as rotation and moving along arbitrary predefined routes for numerous applications. Correspondingly, DEP electrodes can be designed with different patterns to achieve different geometric boundaries of the electric fields. Since many single-cell analyses require isolation and compartmentalization of individual cells, specific microstructures can also be incorporated into DEP devices. This article discusses common electrical and physical designs of single-cell DEP microfluidic devices as well as different categories of electrodes and microstructures. In addition, an up-to-date summary of achievements and challenges in current designs, together with prospects for future design direction, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyuan Tian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Xihua Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada.
- Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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3
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Tang X, Wu Q, Shang L, Liu K, Ge Y, Liang P, Li B. Raman cell sorting for single-cell research. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1389143. [PMID: 38832129 PMCID: PMC11145634 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1389143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells constitute the fundamental units of living organisms. Investigating individual differences at the single-cell level facilitates an understanding of cell differentiation, development, gene expression, and cellular characteristics, unveiling the underlying laws governing life activities in depth. In recent years, the integration of single-cell manipulation and recognition technologies into detection and sorting systems has emerged as a powerful tool for advancing single-cell research. Raman cell sorting technology has garnered attention owing to its non-labeling, non-destructive detection features and the capability to analyze samples containing water. In addition, this technology can provide live cells for subsequent genomics analysis and gene sequencing. This paper emphasizes the importance of single-cell research, describes the single-cell research methods that currently exist, including single-cell manipulation and single-cell identification techniques, and highlights the advantages of Raman spectroscopy in the field of single-cell analysis by comparing it with the fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) technique. It describes various existing Raman cell sorting techniques and introduces their respective advantages and disadvantages. The above techniques were compared and analyzed, considering a variety of factors. The current bottlenecks include weak single-cell spontaneous Raman signals and the requirement for a prolonged total cell exposure time, significantly constraining Raman cell sorting technology's detection speed, efficiency, and throughput. This paper provides an overview of current methods for enhancing weak spontaneous Raman signals and their associated advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the paper outlines the detailed information related to the Raman cell sorting technology mentioned in this paper and discusses the development trends and direction of Raman cell sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lindong Shang
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kunxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hooke Instruments Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Bei Li
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hooke Instruments Ltd., Changchun, China
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4
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Zhang W, Lin J, Yuan Z, Lin Y, Shang W, Chin LK, Zhang M. Terahertz Metamaterials for Biosensing Applications: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 14:3. [PMID: 38275304 PMCID: PMC10813048 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, THz metamaterials have emerged as a promising technology for biosensing by extracting useful information (composition, structure and dynamics) of biological samples from the interaction between the THz wave and the biological samples. Advantages of biosensing with THz metamaterials include label-free and non-invasive detection with high sensitivity. In this review, we first summarize different THz sensing principles modulated by the metamaterial for bio-analyte detection. Then, we compare various resonance modes induced in the THz range for biosensing enhancement. In addition, non-conventional materials used in the THz metamaterial to improve the biosensing performance are evaluated. We categorize and review different types of bio-analyte detection using THz metamaterials. Finally, we discuss the future perspective of THz metamaterial in biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhang
- School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiahan Lin
- School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhengxin Yuan
- School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanxiao Lin
- School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wenli Shang
- School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Key Laboratory of On-Chip Communication and Sensor Chip of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lip Ket Chin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Key Laboratory of On-Chip Communication and Sensor Chip of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510006, China
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5
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Han X, Xu X, Yang C, Liu G. Microfluidic design in single-cell sequencing and application to cancer precision medicine. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100591. [PMID: 37725985 PMCID: PMC10545941 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell sequencing (SCS) is a crucial tool to reveal the genetic and functional heterogeneity of tumors, providing unique insights into the clonal evolution, microenvironment, drug resistance, and metastatic progression of cancers. Microfluidics is a critical component of many SCS technologies and workflows, conferring advantages in throughput, economy, and automation. Here, we review the current landscape of microfluidic architectures and sequencing techniques for single-cell omics analysis and highlight how these have enabled recent applications in oncology research. We also discuss the challenges and the promise of microfluidics-based single-cell analysis in the future of precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Han
- CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Joint Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Xing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related 12 Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Chaoyang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related 12 Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
| | - Guozhen Liu
- CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Joint Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China.
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Mermans F, Mattelin V, Van den Eeckhoudt R, García-Timermans C, Van Landuyt J, Guo Y, Taurino I, Tavernier F, Kraft M, Khan H, Boon N. Opportunities in optical and electrical single-cell technologies to study microbial ecosystems. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1233705. [PMID: 37692384 PMCID: PMC10486927 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1233705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
New techniques are revolutionizing single-cell research, allowing us to study microbes at unprecedented scales and in unparalleled depth. This review highlights the state-of-the-art technologies in single-cell analysis in microbial ecology applications, with particular attention to both optical tools, i.e., specialized use of flow cytometry and Raman spectroscopy and emerging electrical techniques. The objectives of this review include showcasing the diversity of single-cell optical approaches for studying microbiological phenomena, highlighting successful applications in understanding microbial systems, discussing emerging techniques, and encouraging the combination of established and novel approaches to address research questions. The review aims to answer key questions such as how single-cell approaches have advanced our understanding of individual and interacting cells, how they have been used to study uncultured microbes, which new analysis tools will become widespread, and how they contribute to our knowledge of ecological interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Mermans
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valérie Mattelin
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruben Van den Eeckhoudt
- Micro- and Nanosystems (MNS), Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cristina García-Timermans
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Josefien Van Landuyt
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yuting Guo
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Irene Taurino
- Micro- and Nanosystems (MNS), Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Semiconductor Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Tavernier
- MICAS, Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Kraft
- Micro- and Nanosystems (MNS), Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Institute of Micro- and Nanoscale Integration (LIMNI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hira Khan
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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7
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Gerling T, Godino N, Pfisterer F, Hupf N, Kirschbaum M. High-precision, low-complexity, high-resolution microscopy-based cell sorting. LAB ON A CHIP 2023. [PMID: 37314345 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00242j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Continuous flow cell sorting based on image analysis is a powerful concept that exploits spatially-resolved features in cells, such as subcellular protein localisation or cell and organelle morphology, to isolate highly specialised cell types that were previously inaccessible to biomedical research, biotechnology, and medicine. Recently, sorting protocols have been proposed that achieve impressive throughput by combining ultra-high flow rates with sophisticated imaging and data processing protocols. However, moderate image quality and high complex experimental setups still prevent the full potential of image-activated cell sorting from being a general-purpose tool. Here, we present a new low-complexity microfluidic approach based on high numerical aperture wide-field microscopy and precise dielectrophoretic cell handling. It provides high-quality images with unprecedented resolution in image-activated cell sorting (i.e., 216 nm). In addition, it also allows long image processing times of several hundred milliseconds for thorough image analysis, while ensuring reliable and low-loss cell processing. Using our approach, we sorted live T cells based on subcellular localisation of fluorescence signals and demonstrated that purities above 80% are possible while targeting maximum yields and sample volume throughputs in the range of μl min-1. We were able to recover 85% of the target cells analysed. Finally, we ensure and quantify the full vitality of the sorted cells cultivating the cells for a period of time and through colorimetric viability tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gerling
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Neus Godino
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Felix Pfisterer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Nina Hupf
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Michael Kirschbaum
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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8
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Banovetz JT, Manimaran S, Schelske B, Anand RK. Parallel Dielectrophoretic Capture, Isolation, and Electrical Lysis of Individual Breast Cancer Cells to Assess Variability in Enzymatic Activity. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7880-7887. [PMID: 37172139 PMCID: PMC10578154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell heterogeneity drives disease progression and response to therapy, and therefore, there is a need for single-cell analysis methods. In this paper, we present an integrated, scalable method to analyze enzymatic activity in many individual cancer cells at once. The reported method uses dielectrophoresis (DEP) to selectively capture tumor cells at wireless electrodes aligned to an overlying array of cell-sized micropockets. Following hydrodynamic transfer of the captured cells into microfluidic chambers, the chambers are fluidically isolated and sealed with a hydrophobic ionic liquid, which possesses sufficient conductivity to allow for subsequent electrical lysis of the cells to access their contents for enzymatic assay. The wireless electrodes have an interlocking spiral design that ensures successful electrical lysis regardless of the location of the cell within the chamber. Here, breast cancer cells are assessed for β-galactosidase through its activation of a fluorogenic substrate. A key point is that the fluorogenic assay solution was optimized to allow for dielectrophoretic cell capture, thereby obviating the need for a solution exchange step. Our approach has several distinct advantages including a high rate of single-cell capture, a capture efficiency that is independent of the dimensions of the reaction chambers, no need for mechanical closure of reaction volumes, and no observed cross-talk. In this study, first, the steps of cell capture, transfer, and lysis are established on this platform in the presence of the optimized assay solution. We then quantify the increase in fluorescence intensity obtained over the duration of the enzymatic assay of individual cells. Finally, this method is applied to the analysis of β-galactosidase activity in 258 individual MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, revealing heterogeneity in expression of this enzyme in this cell line. We expect that the adaptability of this method will allow for expanded studies of single-cell enzymatic expression and activity. This will in turn open avenues of research into cancer cell heterogeneity in metabolism, invasiveness, and drug response. The ability to study these features of cancer at the single-cell level raises the possibility for treatment plans tailored to target the specific combinations of cell subpopulations present in tumors. Furthermore, we expect that this method can be adapted to uses outside of cancer research, such as studies of neuron metabolism, pathogenesis in bacteria, and stem cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T. Banovetz
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1021, USA
| | - Sivani Manimaran
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1021, USA
| | - Benjamin Schelske
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1021, USA
| | - Robbyn K. Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1021, USA
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9
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Qin Y, Wu L, Chiu DT. Dielectrophoresis-Assisted Self-Digitization Chip for High-Efficiency Single-Cell Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2689:27-38. [PMID: 37430044 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3323-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell analysis of cell phenotypic information such as surface protein expression and nucleic acid content is essential for understanding heterogeneity within cell populations. Here the design and use of a dielectrophoresis-assisted self-digitization (SD) microfluidics chip is described; it captures single cells in isolated microchambers with high efficiency for single-cell analysis. The self-digitization chip spontaneously partitions aqueous solution into microchambers through a combination of fluidic forces, interfacial tension, and channel geometry. Single cells are guided to and trapped at the entrances of microchambers by dielectrophoresis (DEP) due to local electric field maxima created by an externally applied AC voltage. Excess cells are flushed away, and trapped cells are released into the chambers and prepared for in situ analysis by turning off the external voltage, by running reaction buffer through the chip, and by sealing the chambers with a flow of an immiscible oil phase through the surrounding channels. The use of this device in single-cell analysis is demonstrated by performing single-cell nucleic acid quantitation based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). This platform provides a powerful new tool for single-cell research pertaining to drug discovery. For example, the single-cell genotyping of cancer-related mutant gene observed from the digital chip could be useful biomarker for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Qin
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Li Wu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Daniel T Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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10
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Choi S, Park I, Lee SH, Yeo KI, Min G, Woo SH, Kim YS, Lee SY, Lee SW. On-Chip Single-Cell Bioelectrical Analysis for Identification of Cell Electrical Phenotyping in Response to Sequential Electric Signal Modulation. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1037. [PMID: 36421154 PMCID: PMC9688586 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, an interesting biomarker called membrane breakdown voltage has been examined using artificial planar lipid bilayers. Even though they have great potential to identify cell electrical phenotyping for distinguishing similar cell lines or cells under different physiological conditions, the biomarker has not been evaluated in the context of living cell electrical phenotyping. Herein, we present a single-cell analysis platform to continuously measure the electric response in a large number of cells in parallel using electric frequency and voltage variables. Using this platform, we measured the direction of cell displacement and transparent cell image alteration as electric polarization of the cell responds to signal modulation, extracting the dielectrophoretic crossover frequency and membrane breakdown voltage for each cell, and utilizing the measurement results in the same spatiotemporal environment. We developed paired parameters using the dielectrophoretic crossover frequency and membrane breakdown voltage for each cell and evaluated the paired parameter efficiency concerning the identification of two different breast cancer cells and cell drug response. Moreover, we showed that the platform was able to identify cell electrical phenotyping, which was generated by subtle changes in cholesterol depletion-induced cell membrane integrity disruption when the paired parameter was used. Our platform introduced in this paper is extremely useful for facilitating more accurate and efficient evaluation of cell electrical phenotyping in a variety of applications, such as cell biology and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyeop Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Insu Park
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang In Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongjun Min
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hun Woo
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Suk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Young Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
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11
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Peethan A, M A, Chidangil S, George SD. Non-adhesive contrast substrate for single-cell trapping and Raman spectroscopic analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4110-4117. [PMID: 36128986 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00665k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Droplet splitting by exploiting tailored surface wettability is emerging as an important pathway to creating ultralow volumes of samples that can have applications in bioassays, tissue engineering, protein chips, and material synthesis. Reduction of droplet volumes enables the encapsulation of single biological cells which allows high throughput screening. In this work, we demonstrate a facile fabrication approach to create a non-adhesive contrast quartz substrate that allows droplet splitting under gravitational force and its utilization to trap single biological cells for Raman spectroscopic studies. The non-adhesive contrast surface is created by low-power continuous-wave laser-assisted removal of the region of interest from a biocompatible non-adhesive silicone oil grafted quartz substrate. For a given laser spot dimension, the hydrophilic zone dimension is controlled via irradiation with varying laser powers. The fabricated non-adhesive contrast surface can split a microliter droplet into pico- and sub-picolitre daughter droplets. By using the substrate, the trapping of a single polystyrene bead is demonstrated and the recording of Raman spectra is carried out. Additionally, the Raman spectra of two biological cells, yeast cells and human mononuclear cells (MNCs), from a daughter droplet are recorded independently and from a mixture of the solutions. This single-cell Raman analysis could find applications in cell identification and type discrimination, biochemical imaging, metabolic and functional characterization, and clinical and toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Peethan
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
| | - Aravind M
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
| | - Santhosh Chidangil
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Sajan D George
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
- Centre for Applied Nanosciences (CANs), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
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12
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Szittner Z, Péter B, Kurunczi S, Székács I, Horváth R. Functional blood cell analysis by label-free biosensors and single-cell technologies. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 308:102727. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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13
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Birkholz M, Malti DE, Hartmann S, Neubauer P. Separation of Heterotrophic Microalgae Crypthecodinium cohnii by Dielectrophoresis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:855035. [PMID: 35677299 PMCID: PMC9169251 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.855035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae constitute an abundant source of poly-unsaturated fatty acids which are applied in various biotechnological fields such as pharmaceuticals and food supplement. Separating microalgae cells with respect to their lipid content would establish a relevant at-line analytical technique. The present study demonstrates an electrical approach for the separation of the lipid-producing microalgae Crypthecodinium cohnii using the effect of dielectrophoresis (DEP) in a microfluidic flow cell. Microalgae were cultivated for 8 days, while cell growth was characterized by optical density, dry cell weight, glucose concentration and lipid content via fluorescence microscopy. The size distribution of cells during cultivation was thoroughly investigated, since the DEP force scales with cell volume, but also depends on lipid content via cell electrophysiological constants. Thus, the challenge was to deconvolute one separation effect from the other, while the electrical cell constants of C. cohnii are not known yet. The DEP-dependent separation was realized by slanted top-bottom electrodes with the flowing cell suspension between them. Turning on the voltage deflected the cells from their initial path as determined by the streaming and thus changed their direction of flow. The separation efficiency of DEP was tested for various electrical field strengths and its performance was determined by quantitative analysis of optical and fluorescence videos. It could be shown for all size groups that the most lipid-containing cells were always subject to DEP separation and that the method is thus not only suitable for process analysis, but also for strain selection of the most productive cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Birkholz
- IHP—Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Frankfurt, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mario Birkholz,
| | - Danai Eleni Malti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Hartmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Department of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Kiryo T, Takahashi Y, Miyata S. Purification of pluripotent embryonic stem cells using dielectrophoresis and a flow control system. Eng Life Sci 2022; 22:417-426. [PMID: 35573134 PMCID: PMC9077821 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) such as embryonic stem cells and induced PSCs can differentiate into all somatic cell types such as cardiomyocytes, nerve cells, and chondrocytes. However, PSCs can easily lose their pluripotency if the culture process is disturbed. Therefore, cell sorting methods for purifying PSCs with pluripotency are important for the establishment and expansion of PSCs. In this study, we focused on dielectrophoresis (DEP) to separate cells without fluorescent dyes or magnetic antibodies. The goal of this study was to establish a cell sorting method for the purification of PSCs based on their pluripotency using DEP and a flow control system. The dielectrophoretic properties of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) with and without pluripotency were evaluated in detail, and mESCs exhibited varying frequency dependencies in the DEP response. Based on the variance in DEP properties, mixed cell suspensions of mESCs can be separated according to their pluripotency with an efficacy of approximately 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsushi Kiryo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Keio University Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yuuwa Takahashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Keio University Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Shogo Miyata
- Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
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15
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Dong Z, Wang Y, Yin D, Hang X, Pu L, Zhang J, Geng J, Chang L. Advanced techniques for gene heterogeneity research: Single‐cell sequencing and on‐chip gene analysis systems. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20210011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zaizai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu China
| | - Dedong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Xinxin Hang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Lei Pu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu China
| | - Jianfu Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu China
| | - Jia Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center Chengdu China
| | - Lingqian Chang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
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16
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Lin S, Liu Y, Zhang M, Xu X, Chen Y, Zhang H, Yang C. Microfluidic single-cell transcriptomics: moving towards multimodal and spatiotemporal omics. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3829-3849. [PMID: 34541590 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00607j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cells are the basic units of life with vast heterogeneity. Single-cell transcriptomics unveils cell-to-cell gene expression variabilities, discovers novel cell types, and uncovers the critical roles of cellular heterogeneity in biological processes. The recent advances in microfluidic technologies have greatly accelerated the development of single-cell transcriptomics with regard to throughput, sensitivity, cost, and automation. In this article, we review state-of-the-art microfluidic single-cell transcriptomics, with a focus on the methodologies. We first summarize six typical microfluidic platforms for isolation and transcriptomic analysis of single cells. Then the on-going trend of microfluidic transcriptomics towards multimodal omics, which integrates transcriptomics with other omics to provide more comprehensive pictures of gene expression networks, is discussed. We also highlight single-cell spatial transcriptomics and single-cell temporal transcriptomics that provide unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution to reveal transcriptomic dynamics in space and time, respectively. The emerging applications of microfluidic single-cell transcriptomics are also discussed. Finally, we discuss the current challenges to be tackled and provide perspectives on the future development of microfluidic single-cell transcriptomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Lin
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yilong Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Xing Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yingwen Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Huimin Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
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17
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Borchers JS, Campbell CR, Van Scoy SB, Clark MJ, Anand RK. Redox Cycling at an Array of Interdigitated Bipolar Electrodes for Enhanced Sensitivity in Biosensing**. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janis S. Borchers
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Claire R. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Savanah B. Van Scoy
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Morgan J. Clark
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Robbyn K. Anand
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
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18
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Li Y, Wang Y, Wan K, Wu M, Guo L, Liu X, Wei G. On the design, functions, and biomedical applications of high-throughput dielectrophoretic micro-/nanoplatforms: a review. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:4330-4358. [PMID: 33620368 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08892g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As an efficient, rapid and label-free micro-/nanoparticle separation technique, dielectrophoresis (DEP) has attracted widespread attention in recent years, especially in the field of biomedicine, which exhibits huge potential in biomedically relevant applications such as disease diagnosis, cancer cell screening, biosensing, and others. DEP technology has been greatly developed recently from the low-flux laboratory level to high-throughput practical applications. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of DEP technology in biomedical applications, including firstly the design of various types and materials of DEP electrode and flow channel, design of input signals, and other improved designs. Then, functional tailoring of DEP systems with endowed specific functions including separation, purification, capture, enrichment and connection of biosamples, as well as the integration of multifunctions, are demonstrated. After that, representative DEP biomedical application examples in aspects of disease detection, drug synthesis and screening, biosensing and cell positioning are presented. Finally, limitations of existing DEP platforms on biomedical application are discussed, in which emphasis is given to the impact of other electrodynamic effects such as electrophoresis (EP), electroosmosis (EO) and electrothermal (ET) effects on DEP efficiency. This article aims to provide new ideas for the design of novel DEP micro-/nanoplatforms with desirable high throughput toward application in the biomedical community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Keming Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Mingxue Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Lei Guo
- Research Center for High-Value Utilization of Waste Biomass, College of Life Science, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Gang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, PR China.
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira L. Rahn
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011-1021, United States
| | - Robbyn K. Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011-1021, United States
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20
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Çağlayan Z, Demircan Yalçın Y, Külah H. A Prominent Cell Manipulation Technique in BioMEMS: Dielectrophoresis. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E990. [PMID: 33153069 PMCID: PMC7693018 DOI: 10.3390/mi11110990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BioMEMS, the biological and biomedical applications of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), has attracted considerable attention in recent years and has found widespread applications in disease detection, advanced diagnosis, therapy, drug delivery, implantable devices, and tissue engineering. One of the most essential and leading goals of the BioMEMS and biosensor technologies is to develop point-of-care (POC) testing systems to perform rapid prognostic or diagnostic tests at a patient site with high accuracy. Manipulation of particles in the analyte of interest is a vital task for POC and biosensor platforms. Dielectrophoresis (DEP), the induced movement of particles in a non-uniform electrical field due to polarization effects, is an accurate, fast, low-cost, and marker-free manipulation technique. It has been indicated as a promising method to characterize, isolate, transport, and trap various particles. The aim of this review is to provide fundamental theory and principles of DEP technique, to explain its importance for the BioMEMS and biosensor fields with detailed references to readers, and to identify and exemplify the application areas in biosensors and POC devices. Finally, the challenges faced in DEP-based systems and the future prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Çağlayan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (Z.Ç.); (Y.D.Y.)
- METU MEMS Research and Application Center, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Demircan Yalçın
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (Z.Ç.); (Y.D.Y.)
- Mikro Biyosistemler Electronics Inc., Ankara 06530, Turkey
| | - Haluk Külah
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (Z.Ç.); (Y.D.Y.)
- METU MEMS Research and Application Center, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Mikro Biyosistemler Electronics Inc., Ankara 06530, Turkey
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21
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Dudaie M, Nissim N, Barnea I, Gerling T, Duschl C, Kirschbaum M, Shaked NT. Label-free discrimination and selection of cancer cells from blood during flow using holography-induced dielectrophoresis. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000151. [PMID: 32700785 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a method for label-free imaging and sorting of cancer cells in blood, which is based on a dielectrophoretic microfluidic chip and label-free interferometric phase microscopy. The chip used for imaging has been embedded with dielectrophoretic electrodes, and therefore it can be used to sort the cells based on the decisions obtained during the cell flow by the label-free quantitative imaging method. Hence, we obtained a real-time, automatic, label-free imaging flow cytometry with the ability to sort the cells during flow. To validate our model, we combined into the label-free imaging interferometer a fluorescence imaging channel that indicated the correctness of the label-free sorting. We have achieved above 98% classification success and 69% sorting accuracy at flow rates of 4 to 7 μL hr-1 . In the future, this method is expected to help in label-free sorting of circulating tumor cells in blood following an initial state-of-the-art cell enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matan Dudaie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noga Nissim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itay Barnea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tobias Gerling
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claus Duschl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Kirschbaum
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Natan T Shaked
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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22
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Chalklen T, Jing Q, Kar-Narayan S. Biosensors Based on Mechanical and Electrical Detection Techniques. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5605. [PMID: 33007906 PMCID: PMC7584018 DOI: 10.3390/s20195605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors are powerful analytical tools for biology and biomedicine, with applications ranging from drug discovery to medical diagnostics, food safety, and agricultural and environmental monitoring. Typically, biological recognition receptors, such as enzymes, antibodies, and nucleic acids, are immobilized on a surface, and used to interact with one or more specific analytes to produce a physical or chemical change, which can be captured and converted to an optical or electrical signal by a transducer. However, many existing biosensing methods rely on chemical, electrochemical and optical methods of identification and detection of specific targets, and are often: complex, expensive, time consuming, suffer from a lack of portability, or may require centralised testing by qualified personnel. Given the general dependence of most optical and electrochemical techniques on labelling molecules, this review will instead focus on mechanical and electrical detection techniques that can provide information on a broad range of species without the requirement of labelling. These techniques are often able to provide data in real time, with good temporal sensitivity. This review will cover the advances in the development of mechanical and electrical biosensors, highlighting the challenges and opportunities therein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qingshen Jing
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK;
| | - Sohini Kar-Narayan
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK;
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23
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Pesch GR, Du F. A review of dielectrophoretic separation and classification of non-biological particles. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:134-152. [PMID: 32667696 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a selective electrokinetic particle manipulation technology that is applied for almost 100 years and currently finds most applications in biomedical research using microfluidic devices operating at moderate to low throughput. This paper reviews DEP separators capable of high-throughput operation and research addressing separation and analysis of non-biological particle systems. Apart from discussing particle polarization mechanisms, this review summarizes the early applications of DEP for dielectric sorting of minerals and lists contemporary applications in solid/liquid, liquid/liquid, and solid/air separation, for example, DEP filtration or airborne fiber length classification; the review also summarizes developments in DEP fouling suppression, gives a brief overview of electrocoalescence and addresses current problems in high-throughput DEP separation. We aim to provide inspiration for DEP application schemes outside of the biomedical sector, for example, for the recovery of precious metal from scrap or for extraction of metal from low-grade ore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg R Pesch
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Chemical Process Engineering Group, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Fei Du
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Chemical Process Engineering Group, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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24
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Bai Z, Deng Y, Kim D, Chen Z, Xiao Y, Fan R. An Integrated Dielectrophoresis-Trapping and Nanowell Transfer Approach to Enable Double-Sub-Poisson Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7412-7424. [PMID: 32437127 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Current technologies for high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) are based upon stochastic pairing of cells and barcoded beads in nanoliter droplets or wells. They are limited by the mathematical principle of the Poisson statistics such that the utilization of either cells or beads or both is no more than ∼33%. Despite the versatile design of microfluidics or microwells for high-yield loading of beads that beats the Poisson limit, subsequent encapsulation of single cells is still determined by stochastic pairing, representing a fundamental limitation in the field of single-cell sequencing. Here, we present dTNT-seq, an integrated dielectrophoresis (DEP)-trapping-nanowell-transfer (dTNT) approach to perform cell trapping and bead loading both in a sub-Poisson manner to facilitate scRNA-seq. A larger-sized 50 μm microwell array was prealigned precisely on top of the 20 μm DEP nanowell array such that single cells trapped by DEP can be readily transferred into the underneath larger wells by flipping the device, followed by subsequent hydrodynamic bead loading and coisolation with transferred single cells. Using a dTNT device composed of 3600 electroactive DEP-nanowell units, we demonstrated a single-cell trapping rate of 91.84%, a transfer efficiency of 82%, and a routine bead loading rate of >99%, which breaks the Poisson limit for the capture of both cells and beads, thus called double-sub-Poisson distribution, prior to encapsulating them in nanoliter wells for cellular mRNA barcoding. This approach was applied to human (HEK) and mouse (3T3) cells. Comparison with a non-DEP-based method through gene expression clustering and regulatory pathway analysis demonstrates consistent patterns and negligible alternation of cellular transcriptional states by DEP. We envision the dTNT-seq device can be modified for studying cell-cell interactions and enable other applications requiring active manipulation of single cells prior to transcriptome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Bai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanxiang Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Dongjoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Human and Translational Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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25
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Separation, Characterization, and Handling of Microalgae by Dielectrophoresis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040540. [PMID: 32283664 PMCID: PMC7232385 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae biotechnology has a high potential for sustainable bioproduction of diverse high-value biomolecules. Some of the main bottlenecks in cell-based bioproduction, and more specifically in microalgae-based bioproduction, are due to insufficient methods for rapid and efficient cell characterization, which contributes to having only a few industrially established microalgal species in commercial use. Dielectrophoresis-based microfluidic devices have been long established as promising tools for label-free handling, characterization, and separation of broad ranges of cells. The technique is based on differences in dielectric properties and sizes, which results in different degrees of cell movement under an applied inhomogeneous electrical field. The method has also earned interest for separating microalgae based on their intrinsic properties, since their dielectric properties may significantly change during bioproduction, in particular for lipid-producing species. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of dielectrophoresis-based microfluidic devices that are used for handling, characterization, and separation of microalgae. Additionally, we provide a perspective on related areas of research in cell-based bioproduction that can benefit from dielectrophoresis-based microdevices. This work provides key information that will be useful for microalgae researchers to decide whether dielectrophoresis and which method is most suitable for their particular application.
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26
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Voronin DV, Kozlova AA, Verkhovskii RA, Ermakov AV, Makarkin MA, Inozemtseva OA, Bratashov DN. Detection of Rare Objects by Flow Cytometry: Imaging, Cell Sorting, and Deep Learning Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2323. [PMID: 32230871 PMCID: PMC7177904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry nowadays is among the main working instruments in modern biology paving the way for clinics to provide early, quick, and reliable diagnostics of many blood-related diseases. The major problem for clinical applications is the detection of rare pathogenic objects in patient blood. These objects can be circulating tumor cells, very rare during the early stages of cancer development, various microorganisms and parasites in the blood during acute blood infections. All of these rare diagnostic objects can be detected and identified very rapidly to save a patient's life. This review outlines the main techniques of visualization of rare objects in the blood flow, methods for extraction of such objects from the blood flow for further investigations and new approaches to identify the objects automatically with the modern deep learning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V. Voronin
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, National University of Oil and Gas (Gubkin University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia A. Kozlova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Roman A. Verkhovskii
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- School of Urbanistics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Ermakov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Makarkin
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Olga A. Inozemtseva
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Daniil N. Bratashov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
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27
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Zhang J, Song Z, Liu Q, Song Y. Recent advances in dielectrophoresis‐based cell viability assessment. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:917-932. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Zhang
- Department of Marine EngineeringDalian Maritime University Dalian P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Song
- Department of RadiotherapyJiaozhou Central Hospital Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Qinxin Liu
- Department of Marine EngineeringDalian Maritime University Dalian P. R. China
| | - Yongxin Song
- Department of Marine EngineeringDalian Maritime University Dalian P. R. China
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28
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Godino N, Pfisterer F, Gerling T, Guernth-Marschner C, Duschl C, Kirschbaum M. Combining dielectrophoresis and computer vision for precise and fully automated single-cell handling and analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:4016-4020. [PMID: 31746875 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00800d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of single-cell technologies comes the necessity for efficient protocols to process single cells. We combine dielectrophoresis with open source computer vision programming to automatically control the trajectories of single cells inside a microfluidic device. Using real-time image analysis, individual cells are automatically selected, isolated and spatially arranged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Godino
- Fraunhofer IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Felix Pfisterer
- Fraunhofer IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Tobias Gerling
- Fraunhofer IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | | | - Claus Duschl
- Fraunhofer IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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29
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Ou X, Chen P, Huang X, Li S, Liu B. Microfluidic chip electrophoresis for biochemical analysis. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:258-270. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti‐Cancer Active IngredientsCollege of Chemistry and Life ScienceHubei University of Education Wuhan P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics‐Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key LaboratorySystems Biology ThemeDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics‐Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key LaboratorySystems Biology ThemeDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Xizhi Huang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics‐Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key LaboratorySystems Biology ThemeDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics‐Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key LaboratorySystems Biology ThemeDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Bi‐Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics‐Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key LaboratorySystems Biology ThemeDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan P. R. China
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30
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Condina MR, Dilmetz BA, Razavi Bazaz S, Meneses J, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Hoffmann P. Rapid separation and identification of beer spoilage bacteria by inertial microfluidics and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1961-1970. [PMID: 31099359 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00152b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), in combination with Biotyper software, is a rapid, high-throughput, and accurate method for the identification of microbes. Microbial outbreaks in a brewery present a major risk for companies as it can lead to cost-intensive recalls and damage to the brand reputation. MALDI-TOF MS has been implemented into a brewery setting for quality control practices and the identification of beer spoilage microorganisms. However, the applicability of this approach is hindered by compatibility issues associated with mixed cultures, requiring the use of time-consuming selective cultivation techniques prior to identification. We propose a novel, low-cost approach based on the combination of inertial microfluidics and secondary flows in a spiral microchannel for high-throughput and efficient separation of yeasts (Saccharomyces pastorianus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) from beer spoilage microorganisms (Lactobacillus brevis and Pediococcus damnosus). Flow rates were optimised using S. pastorianus and L. brevis, leading to separation of more than 90% of the L. brevis cells from yeast. The microorganisms were then identified to the species level using the MALDI-TOF MS platform using standard sample preparation protocols. This study shows the high-throughput and rapid separation of spoilage microorganisms (0.3-3 μm) from background yeast (5 μm) from beer, subsequent identification using MALDI Biotyper, and the potential applicability of the approach for biological control in the brewing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Condina
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Brooke A Dilmetz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Sajad Razavi Bazaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
| | | | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Australia. and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
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31
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Defining Cell Cluster Size by Dielectrophoretic Capture at an Array of Wireless Electrodes of Several Distinct Lengths. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10040271. [PMID: 31018537 PMCID: PMC6523886 DOI: 10.3390/mi10040271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clusters of biological cells play an important role in normal and disease states, such as in the release of insulin from pancreatic islets and in the enhanced spread of cancer by clusters of circulating tumor cells. We report a method to pattern cells into clusters having sizes correlated to the dimensions of each electrode in an array of wireless bipolar electrodes (BPEs). The cells are captured by dielectrophoresis (DEP), which confers selectivity, and patterns cells without the need for physical barriers or adhesive interactions that can alter cell function. Our findings demonstrate that this approach readily achieves fine control of cell cluster size over a broader range set by other experimental parameters. These parameters include the magnitude of the voltage applied externally to drive capture at the BPE array, the rate of fluid flow, and the time allowed for DEP-based cell capture. Therefore, the reported method is anticipated to allow the influence of cluster size on cell function to be more fully investigated.
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32
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Wu J, Lin JM. Microfluidic Technology for Single-Cell Capture and Isolation. MICROFLUIDICS FOR SINGLE-CELL ANALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9729-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Daihyun Kim
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Mukul Sonker
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Alexandra Ros
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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34
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Li M, Anand RK. Integration of marker-free selection of single cells at a wireless electrode array with parallel fluidic isolation and electrical lysis. Chem Sci 2018; 10:1506-1513. [PMID: 30809368 PMCID: PMC6354902 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04804e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We present integration of selective single-cell capture at an array of wireless electrodes (bipolar electrodes, BPEs) with transfer into chambers, reagent exchange, fluidic isolation and rapid electrical lysis in a single platform, thus minimizing sample loss and manual intervention steps. The whole process is achieved simply by exchanging the solution in a single inlet reservoir and by adjusting the applied voltage at a pair of driving electrodes, thus making this approach particularly well-suited for a broad range of research and clinical applications. Further, the use of BPEs allows the array to be scalable to increase throughput. Specific innovations reported here include the incorporation of a leak channel to balance competing flow paths, the use of 'split BPEs' to create a distinct recapture and electrical lysis point within the reaction chamber, and the dual purposing of an ionic liquid as an immiscible phase to seal the chambers and as a conductive medium to permit electrical lysis at the split BPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , IA 50011 , USA .
| | - Robbyn K Anand
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , IA 50011 , USA .
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35
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Qin Y, Wu L, Schneider T, Yen GS, Wang J, Xu S, Li M, Paguirigan AL, Smith JL, Radich JP, Anand RK, Chiu DT. A Self-Digitization Dielectrophoretic (SD-DEP) Chip for High-Efficiency Single-Cell Capture, On-Demand Compartmentalization, and Downstream Nucleic Acid Analysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11378-11383. [PMID: 30003660 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The design and fabrication of a self-digitization dielectrophoretic (SD-DEP) chip with simple components for single-cell manipulation and downstream nucleic acid analysis is presented. The device employed the traditional DEP and insulator DEP to create the local electric field that is tailored to approximately the size of single cells, enabling highly efficient single-cell capture. The multistep procedures of cell manipulation, compartmentalization, lysis, and analysis were performed in the integrated microdevice, consuming minimal reagents, minimizing contamination, decreasing lysate dilution, and increasing assay sensitivity. The platform developed here could be a promising and powerful tool in single-cell research for precise medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Qin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Thomas Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Gloria S Yen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Jiasi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Shihan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50010, USA
| | - Amy L Paguirigan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, USA)
| | - Jordan L Smith
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, USA)
| | - Jerald P Radich
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98109, USA)
| | - Robbyn K Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50010, USA
| | - Daniel T Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
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36
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Qin Y, Wu L, Schneider T, Yen GS, Wang J, Xu S, Li M, Paguirigan AL, Smith JL, Radich JP, Anand RK, Chiu DT. A Self-Digitization Dielectrophoretic (SD-DEP) Chip for High-Efficiency Single-Cell Capture, On-Demand Compartmentalization, and Downstream Nucleic Acid Analysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Qin
- Department of Chemistry; University of Washington; Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Washington; Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Thomas Schneider
- Department of Chemistry; University of Washington; Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Gloria S. Yen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Washington; Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Jiasi Wang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Washington; Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Shihan Xu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Washington; Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Chemistry; Iowa State University; Ames Iowa 50010 USA
| | - Amy L. Paguirigan
- Clinical Research Division; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Seattle Washington 98109 USA)
| | - Jordan L. Smith
- Clinical Research Division; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Seattle Washington 98109 USA)
| | - Jerald P. Radich
- Clinical Research Division; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Seattle Washington 98109 USA)
| | - Robbyn K. Anand
- Department of Chemistry; Iowa State University; Ames Iowa 50010 USA
| | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Washington; Seattle Washington 98195 USA
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37
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Tada S, Omi Y, Eguchi M. Analysis of the dielectrophoretic properties of cells using the isomotive AC electric field. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:044103. [PMID: 30034566 PMCID: PMC6035052 DOI: 10.1063/1.5031054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Various microfluidic devices utilizing the principle of dielectrophoresis (DEP) have been developed to separate, concentrate, and characterize biological cells; however, their performance is still limited by a lack of quantitative characterization. We addressed this limitation by employing a method capable of accurately quantifying a cell's response to an imposed field gradient. In this study, a simple method using a newly designed Creek-gap electrode was proposed, and the electrokinetic behavior of cells was characterized by DEP velocimetry under the exposure of an approximately constant gradient of electric field square established along the gap of the electrodes. Together with the numerical prediction of the electric field based on three-dimensional electric field analysis, the magnitude of DEP forces and the real part of the Clausius-Mossotti factor of cells were deduced from their movement. Results demonstrated that the proposed method was applicable to the determination of the dielectrophoretic properties of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Tada
- Department of Applied Physics, National Defense Academy, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan
| | - Yui Omi
- Department of Applied Physics, National Defense Academy, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan
| | - Masanori Eguchi
- Fuzzy Logic Systems Institute, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-0067, Japan
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