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Wise SA, Kuszak AJ, Camara JE. Evolution and impact of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) for determining vitamin D metabolites. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2335-2358. [PMID: 38236394 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05143-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements (NIH ODS), introduced the first Standard Reference Material® (SRM) for determining vitamin D metabolites in 2009 motivated by significant concerns about the comparability and accuracy of different assays to assess vitamin D status. After 14 years, a suite of five serum matrix SRMs and three calibration solution SRMs are available. Values were also assigned for vitamin D metabolites in five additional SRMs intended primarily to support measurements of other clinical diagnostic markers. Both the SRMs and the certification approach have evolved from significant exogenous serum content to primarily endogenous content and from value assignment by combining the results of multiple analytical methods to the use of measurements exclusively from reference measurement procedures (RMPs). The impact of the availability of these SRMs can be assessed by both the distribution information (sales) and by reports in the scientific literature describing their use for method validation, quality control, and research. In this review, we describe the development of these SRMs, the evolution in design and value assignment, the expansion of information reported, and SRM use in validating analytical methods and providing quality assurance within the vitamin D measurement community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Wise
- Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA.
| | - Adam J Kuszak
- Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Johanna E Camara
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
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2
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Li S, Li X, Liu X, Zhang Q, Fang J, Li X, Yin X. Stability Evaluation of Aflatoxin B 1 Solution Certified Reference Material via Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:40548-40557. [PMID: 36385854 PMCID: PMC9647931 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) solution certified reference materials (CRMs) have been widely utilized in the measurements of AFB1 contaminations in foods and agricultural products. It is of great importance to evaluate the stability of AFB1 solution CRMs in different matrices for their practical applications. In this study, the stability of AFB1 solution CRM was investigated and its degradation products under various conditions were elucidated using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry for the first time. Exposure to high temperatures and UV light irradiation accelerated the degradation of AFB1 solution significantly, and the degradation products were largely dependent on the solvents. Two degradation pathways were proposed based on the degradation products. The addition reaction, oxidation reaction, and modification of the methoxy group are the major processes involved in the degradation of the AFB1 solution. The results of this study indicate that the property value of the acetonitrile solution of AFB1 can be well retained when it is stored at temperatures lower than 60 °C, and the exposure to UV light irradiation is avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqing Li
- Food
Safety Analysis Laboratory, Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical
Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on
Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Food
Safety Analysis Laboratory, Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical
Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on
Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
| | - Xuehui Liu
- College
of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
| | - Qinghe Zhang
- Food
Safety Analysis Laboratory, Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical
Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on
Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Fang
- College
of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiuqin Li
- Food
Safety Analysis Laboratory, Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical
Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on
Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Yin
- College
of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
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3
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Yang M, Li S, Wang M, Shi H, Zhou J, Zhang L, Wang T. Study of a new matrix certified reference material for accurate measurement of pefloxacin in fish meat powder. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Wise SA. What if using certified reference materials (CRMs) was a requirement to publish in analytical/bioanalytical chemistry journals? Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7015-7022. [PMID: 35697811 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Certified reference materials (CRMs) are routinely used by analytical chemists to validate new analytical methods and to demonstrate the quality of their quantitative measurements. Even though CRMs for trace element and trace organic analysis have been available and widely used for over 50 years, the majority of papers published in analytical chemistry journals do not mention the use of CRMs. What if analytical/bioanalytical chemistry journals required the use of CRMs to publish a paper? This feature article attempts to address this question by providing examples of recent papers that have made exceptional use of CRMs to validate new analytical methods and to describe novel, alternative uses of CRMs that provide new characterization of the CRM. The potential benefits of using a CRM even when it does not have certified values for the analytes of interest are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Wise
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA. .,Scientist Emeritus, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
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5
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Interlaboratory exercise for the analysis of carotenoids and related compounds in dried mango fruit (Mangifera indica L.). J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Strategic Priorities of the Scientific Plan of the European Research Infrastructure METROFOOD-RI for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040599. [PMID: 35206075 PMCID: PMC8871520 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pan-European distributed Research Infrastructure for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD-RI) has evolved in the frame of the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) to promote high-quality metrology services across the food chain. The METROFOOD-RI comprises physical facilities and electronic facilities. The former includes Reference Material plants and analytical laboratories (the ‘Metro’ side) and also experimental fields/farms, processing/storage plants and kitchen-labs (the ‘Food’ side). The RI is currently prepared to apply for receiving the European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC) legal status and is organised to fulfil the requirements for operation at the national, European Union (EU) and international level. In this view, the METROFOOD-RI partners have recently reviewed the scientific plan and elaborated strategic priorities on key thematic areas of research in the food and nutrition domain to which they have expertise to contribute to meet global societal challenges and face unexpected emergencies. The present review summarises the methodology and main outcomes of the research study that helped to identify the key thematic areas from a metrological standpoint, to articulate critical and emerging issues and demands and to structure how the integrated facilities of the RI can operate in the first five years of operation as ERIC.
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Wright EJ, Beach DG, McCarron P. Non-target analysis and stability assessment of reference materials using liquid Chromatography‒High-Resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1201:339622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Durazzo A, Sorkin BC, Lucarini M, Gusev PA, Kuszak AJ, Crawford C, Boyd C, Deuster PA, Saldanha LG, Gurley BJ, Pehrsson PR, Harnly JM, Turrini A, Andrews KW, Lindsey AT, Heinrich M, Dwyer JT. Analytical Challenges and Metrological Approaches to Ensuring Dietary Supplement Quality: International Perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:714434. [PMID: 35087401 PMCID: PMC8787362 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.714434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased utilization of metrology resources and expanded application of its' approaches in the development of internationally agreed upon measurements can lay the basis for regulatory harmonization, support reproducible research, and advance scientific understanding, especially of dietary supplements and herbal medicines. Yet, metrology is often underappreciated and underutilized in dealing with the many challenges presented by these chemically complex preparations. This article discusses the utility of applying rigorous analytical techniques and adopting metrological principles more widely in studying dietary supplement products and ingredients, particularly medicinal plants and other botanicals. An assessment of current and emerging dietary supplement characterization methods is provided, including targeted and non-targeted techniques, as well as data analysis and evaluation approaches, with a focus on chemometrics, toxicity, dosage form performance, and data management. Quality assessment, statistical methods, and optimized methods for data management are also discussed. Case studies provide examples of applying metrological principles in thorough analytical characterization of supplement composition to clarify their health effects. A new frontier for metrology in dietary supplement science is described, including opportunities to improve methods for analysis and data management, development of relevant standards and good practices, and communication of these developments to researchers and analysts, as well as to regulatory and policy decision makers in the public and private sectors. The promotion of closer interactions between analytical, clinical, and pharmaceutical scientists who are involved in research and product development with metrologists who develop standards and methodological guidelines is critical to advance research on dietary supplement characterization and health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara C Sorkin
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Pavel A Gusev
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Adam J Kuszak
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cindy Crawford
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Courtney Boyd
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Patricia A Deuster
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Leila G Saldanha
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bill J Gurley
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Pamela R Pehrsson
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - James M Harnly
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Aida Turrini
- CREA - Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Karen W Andrews
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrea T Lindsey
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael Heinrich
- UCL School of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna T Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Wise SA. From urban dust and marine sediment to Ginkgo biloba and human serum-a top ten list of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs). Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:31-52. [PMID: 34291299 PMCID: PMC8748289 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03527-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During the past 40 years, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed over 180 natural matrix Standard Reference Materials® (SRMs) for the determination of trace organic constituents in environmental, clinical, food, and dietary supplement matrices. A list of the Top Ten SRMs intended for organic analysis was identified based on selection criteria including analytical challenge to assign certified values, challenges in material preparation, novel matrices, longevity, widespread use, and unique design concept or intended use. The environmental matrix SRMs include air particulate matter, marine sediment, mussel tissue, and human serum with the focus on contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlorinated pesticides, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Human serum and plasma SRMs for clinical diagnostic markers including vitamin D metabolites represent clinical analysis, whereas infant formula, multivitamin/multielement tablets, and Ginkgo biloba constitute the food and dietary supplement matrices on the list. Each of the SRMs on the Top Ten list is discussed relative to the selection criteria and significance of the material, and several overall lessons learned are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Wise
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
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10
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Hosbas Coskun S, Wise SA, Kuszak AJ. The Importance of Reference Materials and Method Validation for Advancing Research on the Health Effects of Dietary Supplements and Other Natural Products. Front Nutr 2021; 8:786261. [PMID: 34970578 PMCID: PMC8713974 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.786261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient assessment of the identity and chemical composition of complex natural products, including botanicals, herbal remedies, and dietary supplements, hinders reproducible research and limits understanding mechanism(s) of action and health outcomes, which in turn impede improvements in clinical practice and advances in public health. This review describes available analytical resources and good methodological practices that support natural product characterization and strengthen the knowledge gained for designing and interpreting safety and efficacy investigations. The practice of validating analytical methods demonstrates that measurements of constituents of interest are reproducible and appropriate for the sample (e.g., plant material, phytochemical extract, and biological specimen). In particular, the utilization of matrix-based reference materials enables researchers to assess the accuracy, precision, and sensitivity of analytical measurements of natural product constituents, including dietary ingredients and their metabolites. Select case studies are presented where the careful application of these resources and practices has enhanced experimental rigor and benefited research on dietary supplement health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam J. Kuszak
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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11
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Global situation of reference materials to assure coffee, cocoa, and tea quality and safety. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Cruz JM, Murray JA. Determination of glyphosate and AMPA in oat products for the selection of candidate reference materials. Food Chem 2021; 342:128213. [PMID: 33129618 PMCID: PMC8207808 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of reference materials (RMs) is critical for validating and testing the accuracy of analytical protocols. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is in initial stages of developing a glyphosate in oats RM. The first aim of this study was to optimize and validate a robust method for the extraction and analysis of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). The optimized method was used to screen thirteen commercially available oat products to identify candidate RMs. Glyphosate was detected in all samples, with the highest glyphosate mass fraction of 1100 ng/g; lower levels were measured in grains from organic agriculture. AMPA was quantified in nine samples up to 40 ng/g. The findings of this study led to the identification of candidate RMs, with "high" and "low" glyphosate levels. A preliminary stability study determined that glyphosate is stable in oat material at room temperature for six months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M Cruz
- U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences Division, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392, USA
| | - Jacolin A Murray
- U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences Division, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8392, USA.
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Vasil’eva IE, Shabanova EV. Plant-Matrix Certified Reference Materials as a Tool for Ensuring the Uniformity of Chemical Measurements. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Quantitative analyses of essential fatty acids in cereals and green vegetables by isotope dilution-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Anal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-020-00237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAn analytical method for the accurate determination of essential fatty acids in cereals and green vegetables is established based on isotope dilution-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (ID-GC/MS). In this approach, 13C-labeled fatty acids were added as internal standards to the samples prior to the sample preparation. Repeatability and reproducibility for the analyses of the essential fatty acids extracted from homogenized cereals and green vegetables were examined to validate the ID-GC/MS method. The repeatability and reproducibility were within 2% relative standard deviation. The developed method provides higher-order measurement results with the relative expanded uncertainties of 1–2% and 2–4% for cereals and green vegetables, respectively. Based on the fatty acid measurements, the developed ID-GC/MS method can be used as a candidate reference method for the quantitation of essential fatty acids in cereals and green vegetables. The developed method was also applied to analyze several commercially available products including cereal and vegetable powders.
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15
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Development of Isotope Dilution-Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for the Accurate Determination of Capsaicinoids in Fermented Cabbage Kimchi. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Yang M, Liu F, Wang M, Zhou J, Wei R, Wang R, Zhang L, Jian L, Wang T. New matrix certified reference material for accurate measurement of ciprofloxacin residue in egg. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:635-645. [PMID: 31897557 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Matrix certified reference materials (CRMs) are an indispensable part of method validation and have played an important role in ensuring reliable analytical results. To retain similarity to real samples, a new matrix CRM for the mass fraction of ciprofloxacin in whole liquid egg was developed by use of incurred materials with a target value corresponding to residue levels in real sample. The source materials were collected from laying hens following oral administration of ciprofloxacin. An optimized homogenization method and a strict bottling process were applied to bulk whole egg materials to prepare the CRM candidate. The mass fraction of ciprofloxacin in whole liquid egg was certified by a collaborative characterization program with eight accredited participating laboratories. Liquid chromatography coupled with isotope dilution mass spectrometry was studied as a reliable reference method for value assignment and was used by all participating laboratories. The certified value and expanded uncertainty (k = 2, at a confidence level of 95%) was 39.7 ± 5.2 μg/kg for ciprofloxacin in whole liquid egg. Homogeneity, long-term stability at -70 °C for 12 months, and short-term stability at -18 °C, 4 °C, and room temperature were assessed for 9 days. Additionally, uncertainties arising from inhomogeneity, instability, and characterization were analyzed in detail and fully estimated. This CRM would be a useful tool for validation of analytical methods and proficiency testing in ciprofloxacin residue analysis of egg. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ruicheng Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lingbo Jian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Development of an Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry Method for Accurate Determination of Thiamine in Diverse Food Matrices. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Golubović J, Heath E, Heath D. Validation challenges in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods for the analysis of naturally occurring compounds in foodstuffs. Food Chem 2019; 294:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Lee J, Kim B, Lee SY, Choi J, Kang D, Lee H, Choi K, Lee H, Sim HJ, Baek SY, Lee H, Hyung SW, Ahn S, Seo D, Hwang J, Park JS, Kwak BM, Won J. Development of an infant formula certified reference material for the analysis of organic nutrients. Food Chem 2019; 298:125088. [PMID: 31260987 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Infant formula certified reference material (CRM, KRISS CRM 108-02-003) were developed for the analysis of organic nutrients. The CRM is a milk-based infant formula powder, packaged at 14 g per unit. Ten thousand units were prepared and stored at -70 °C. For the certification of each nutrient, ten units were analyzed for simultaneous value-assignment and homogeneity test. Analytical methods used were isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) based on liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (LC/MS) or gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC/MS) as higher-order reference methods.13 vitamins, 3 fatty acids, and total cholesterol were certified. The between-unit relative standard deviation of measurement results for each nutrient ranged 0.2% to 2.5%, showing very good homogeneity. The expanded relative uncertainties of the certified values ranged from 1% to 8%, indicating that they have higher-order metrological quality. The values of proximates (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, water, and ash) were assigned through inter-laboratory comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonhee Lee
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjoo Kim
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Young Lee
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongoh Choi
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dukjin Kang
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwasim Lee
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - KiHwan Choi
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Lee
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Sim
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Yee Baek
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Honghee Lee
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Won Hyung
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghee Ahn
- Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Seo
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Hwang
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Su Park
- Food Safety Center, Namyang Dairy Products Company, Sejong 30055, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Man Kwak
- Food Safety Center, Namyang Dairy Products Company, Sejong 30055, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongeun Won
- Food Safety Center, Namyang Dairy Products Company, Sejong 30055, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Dairy fat is one of the most complex natural fats because of its fatty acid (FA) composition. Ruminant dairy fat contains more than 400 different FA varying in carbon chain length, and degree, position and configuration of unsaturation. The following article reviews the different methods available to analyze FA (both total and free) in milk and dairy products. The most widely used methodology for separating and analyzing dairy FA is gas chromatography, coupled to a flame ionization detector (CG-FID). Alternatively, gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) is also used. After lipid extraction, total FA (TFA) are commonly converted into their methyl esters (fatty acid methyl esters, FAME) prior to chromatographic analysis. In contrast, free FA (FFA) can be analyzed after conversion to FAME or directly as FFA after extraction from the product. One of the key questions when analyzing FAME from TFA is the selection of a proper column for separating them, which depends mainly on the objective of the analysis. Quantification is best achieved by the internal standard method. Recently, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), Raman spectroscopy (RS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have been reported as promising techniques to analyze FA in milk and dairy products.
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