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Yang L, An Y, Xu D, Dai F, Shao S, Lu Z, Liu G. Comprehensive Overview of Controlled Fabrication of Multifunctional Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots and Exploring Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309293. [PMID: 38342681 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, carbon dots (CDs) have garnered increasing attention due to their simple preparation methods, versatile performances, and wide-ranging applications. CDs can manifest various optical, physical, and chemical properties including quantum yield (QY), emission wavelength (Em), solid-state fluorescence (SSF), room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), material-specific responsivity, pH sensitivity, anti-oxidation and oxidation, and biocompatibility. These properties can be effectively regulated through precise control of the CD preparation process, rendering them suitable for diverse applications. However, the lack of consideration given to the precise control of each feature of CDs during the preparation process poses a challenge in obtaining the requisite features for various applications. This paper is to analyze existing research and present novel concepts and ideas for creating CDs with different distinct features and applications. The synthesis methods of CDs are discussed in the first section, followed by a comprehensive overview of the important properties of CDs and the modification strategy. Subsequently, the application of CDs and their requisite properties are reviewed. Finally, the paper outlines the current challenges in controlling CDs properties and their applications, discusses potential solutions, and offers suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yibo An
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Dazhuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Fan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shillong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhixiang Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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Sahu Y, Patel R, Singh AK, Singh S, Sahu V, Susan MABH. Highly Fluorescent ZnO Composite of N-doped Carbon Dots From Dregea Volubilis for Fluorometric Determination of Glucose in Biological Samples. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-023-03538-z. [PMID: 38180585 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
A nano-sensor based on N-doped carbon dots (NCDs)@ZnO (NCZ) composite was fabricated and efficacy for detecting glucose from human blood and urine samples in a straightforward manner was examined. The composite was prepared following a green hydrothermal method under ambient condition using a novel plant material, Dregea volubilis fruit and structural and optical properties were evaluated using standard techniques. The composite exhibited excellent characteristics including good photostability, biocompatibility, low toxicity, and strong fluorescence, with a decent quantum yield of up to 59%. The NCZ composite has been very sensitive and could selectively detect glucose in urine and blood samples. Selective glucose quenching was efficacious at different concentrations of glucose (1-6 mM) and in the pH range of 7-8, limit of detection was 0.25 mM. The potential uses of carbon-based materials have grown, thanks to the excellent sensing/detection capabilities of the NCZ composite as well as the capacity to prevent nanoparticle aggregation, opening up new possibilities for the development of environmentally benign nano-sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V. Y. T. PG. Autonomous, College, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India
| | - Rajmani Patel
- Hemchand Yadav University, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India
| | - Ajaya K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V. Y. T. PG. Autonomous, College, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India.
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - S Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. V. Y. T. PG. Autonomous, College, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India
| | - Vinayak Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Model College Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492001, India
| | - Md Abu Bin Hasan Susan
- Department of Chemistry and Dhaka University Nanotechnology Center (DUNC), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Yadav N, Mudgal D, Mishra A, Shukla S, Malik T, Mishra V. Harnessing fluorescent carbon quantum dots from natural resource for advancing sweat latent fingerprint recognition with machine learning algorithms for enhanced human identification. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296270. [PMID: 38175842 PMCID: PMC10766178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, it is fascinating to engineer waste biomass into functional valuable nanomaterials. We investigate the production of hetero-atom doped carbon quantum dots (N-S@MCDs) to address the adaptability constraint in green precursors concerning the contents of the green precursors i.e., Tagetes erecta (marigold extract). The successful formation of N-S@MCDs as described has been validated by distinct analytical characterizations. As synthesized N-S@MCDs successfully incorporated on corn-starch powder, providing a nano-carbogenic fingerprint powder composition (N-S@MCDs/corn-starch phosphors). N-S@MCDs imparts astounding color-tunability which enables highly fluorescent fingerprint pattern developed on different non-porous surfaces along with immediate visual enhancement under UV-light, revealing a bright sharp fingerprint, along with long-time preservation of developed fingerprints. The creation and comparison of latent fingerprints (LFPs) are two key research in the recognition and detection of LFPs, respectively. In this work, developed fingerprints are regulated with an artificial intelligence program. The optimum sample has a very high degree of similarity with the standard control, as shown by the program's good matching score (86.94%) for the optimal sample. Hence, our results far outperform the benchmark attained using the conventional method, making the N-S@MCDs/corn-starch phosphors and the digital processing program suitable for use in real-world scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Yadav
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Deeksha Mudgal
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Amarnath Mishra
- Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Sacheendra Shukla
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Tabarak Malik
- Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Vivek Mishra
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
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Rani, Ali F, Muhammad M, AlOthman ZA. Development of Fluorescent Co (II)-Integrated Carbon Dots and Their Application as a Off-On Mesotrione Detection Sensor. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:49115-49128. [PMID: 38173863 PMCID: PMC10764113 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A very simple mesotrione-sensing medium with enhanced sensitivity detection limits has been proposed. A renovated hydrothermal method was adopted for synthesizing fluorescent carbon dots from ethylenediamine and glucose using a Teflon-lined simple autoclave in a GC oven. The resultant carbon dots were characterized via TEM, FTIR, UV-vis, particle size distribution, and EDX and evaluated in a fluorimeter as the sensing medium for mesotrione detection. The binding approach of the Co (II)-integrated glucose-bound carbon dots toward mesotrione is selective, making them an effective sensor for the real sample applications, where majority of the coexisting substances showed insignificant interference effect. Formation of the metastable state due to the molecular interaction between carbon dots and Co (II) resulted in fluorescence quenching at 456 nm. Enhancement in the fluorescence intensity occurred when mesotrione was added in the concentration range of 0.2-5.0 μg mL-1, with a limit of detection, limit of quantification, standard deviation, and relative standard deviation of 0.054, 0.164, 0.00082 μg mL-1, and 0.682%, respectively. Mesotrione determination was demonstrated in soil, water, and tomato samples with recoveries in the range of 95.38-104.7%. The selectivity of the sensor was found to be good enough when checked for the complex tomato sample spiked with different pesticides of the triketone family having structural similarities to mesotrione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Faiz Ali
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mian Muhammad
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zeid A. AlOthman
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science, King Saud
University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Pansari P, Durga G, Sharma R. Carbon nanoprobe derived from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis flower: Unveiling the surface defect-derived fluorescence. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123119. [PMID: 37478708 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Dual Emissive (green and blue) Carbon dots (C-Dots) aka g-CD and b-CD were synthesized using flowers of Nyctanthes arbortristis as the sole precursor via hydrothermal method without the aid of any external passivating agent. In the present report, the effect of time and temperature on the hydrothermal reaction was evaluated in order to modulate the surface defects that could lead to dual emissions. To gauge the nature, size, morphology, and optoelectronic characteristics, the C-Dots were characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy and Fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence studies of both the Carbon Dots revealed their excitation-dependent emission characteristics with the bathochromic shift. Furthermore, both g-CD and b-CD could effectively be utilized as efficient fluorescent probes for the selective and sensitive detection of Fe3+. These fluorescent nanoprobes could selectively detect Fe3+ over a wide range of concentrations (3 µM to 100 µM) with limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.06 µM and 0.70 µM respectively. These tuneable Carbon Dots having wider solubilities would open a new avenue as Nanosensors for real-time applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Pansari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, U.P., India
| | - Geeta Durga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, U.P., India.
| | - Roopali Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, U.P., India
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Oladzadabbasabadi N, Dheyab MA, Nafchi AM, Ghasemlou M, Ivanova EP, Adhikari B. Turning food waste into value-added carbon dots for sustainable food packaging application: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 321:103020. [PMID: 37871382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a recent addition to the nanocarbon family, encompassing both crystalline and amorphous phases. They have sparked significant research interest due to their unique electrical and optical properties, remarkable biocompatibility, outstanding mechanical characteristics, customizable surface chemistry, and negligible cytotoxicity. Their current applications are mainly limited to flexible photonic and biomedical devices, but they have also garnered attention for their potential use in intelligent packaging. The conversion of food waste into CDs further contributes to the concept of the circular economy. It provides a comprehensive overview of emerging green technologies, energy-saving reactions, and cost-effective starting materials involved in the synthesis of CDs. It also highlights the unique properties of biomass-derived CDs, focusing on their structural performance, cellular toxicity, and functional characteristics. The application of CDs in the food industry, including food packaging, is summarized in a concise manner. This paper sheds light on the current challenges and prospects of utilizing CDs in the packaging industry. It aims to provide researchers with a roadmap to tailor the properties of CDs to suit specific applications in the food industry, particularly in food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Ali Dheyab
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Anbar, 31001 Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia; Department of Food Science and Technology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001., Australia
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Zhang J, Zou L, Li Q, Wu H, Sun Z, Xu X, Shi L, Sun Z, Ma G. Carbon Dots Derived from Traditional Chinese Medicines with Bioactivities: A Rising Star in Clinical Treatment. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3984-4001. [PMID: 37707491 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
In the field of carbon nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) have become a preferable choice in biomedical applications. Based on the concept of green chemistry, CDs derived from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have attracted extensive attention, including TCM charcoal drugs, TCM extracts, and TCM small molecules. The design and preparation of CDs from TCMs (TCMs-CDs) can improve the inherent characteristics of TCMs, such as solubility, particle size distribution, and so on. Compared with other precursor materials, TCMs-CDs have outstanding intrinsic bioactivities and potential pharmacological effects. However, the research of TCMs-CDs in biomedicine is not comprehensive, and their mechanisms have not been understood deeply either. In this review, we will provide concise insights into the recent development of TCMs-CDs, with a major focus on their preparation, formation, precursors, and bioactivities. Then we will discuss the perfect transformation from TCMs to TCMs-CDs. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges for the application of TCMs-CDs in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Linjun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qinglong Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhonghao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xudong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Leiling Shi
- Xinjiang Institute of Chinese and Ethnic Medicine, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Zhaocui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoxu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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8
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Başoğlu A. Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from Robinia hispida L. leaves for selective detection of Hg (II). Methods Appl Fluoresc 2023; 11:045010. [PMID: 37703892 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/acf97c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Robinia hispida L leaves (RH) was used as a precursor for the first time to synthesize fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) with stable blue fluorescence by a single-step hydrothermal synthesis method. Notably, the innovative approach eliminates the necessity for toxic chemicals or hazardous substances, marking a significant advancement in the field. The synthesized CDs demonstrate CDs demonstrates the predominance of spherical shapes with an average size of 11.63 ± 1.92 nm. The CDs not only exhibit an enhanced fluorescent efficiency with a relatively high quantum yield of up to 6.8%, but they also possess the potential for direct utilization in the selective determination of Hg(II) through fluorescence quenching, even without any functionalization. Under the optimized conditions at a pH of 7.0, a robust linear correlation was found to exist between the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of Hg (II) within the range of 5-17.5μM, exhibiting a detection limit (3σ) of 1.5μM. Additionally, this methodology was effectively employed to successfully detect Hg (II) ions in various aqueous samples, including tap water, spring water, drinking water, and a certified reference material (CRM-SA-C Sandy Soil C). The spike recoveries of 97.6%-101.6% with less than 2.7% variability were performed on all samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysel Başoğlu
- Gümüşhane University, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, 29100 Gümüşhane, Turkey
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Ali F, Muhammad M, Ara B, Shah AA. Synthesis of fructose bound Fe(iii) integrated carbon dots as a robust turn-off detection sensor for chlortoluron. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17028-17037. [PMID: 37293471 PMCID: PMC10245089 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01430d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, and robust fluorescent sensor for chlortoluron detection has been developed. Fluorescent carbon dots were synthesized using ethylene diamine and fructose via a hydrothermal protocol. The molecular interaction between fructose carbon dots and Fe(iii) resulted in a fluorescent metastable state exhibiting remarkable fluorescence quenching at λem of 454 nm and interestingly, further quenching occurred upon the addition of chlortoluron. The quenching in the fluorescence intensity of CDF-Fe(iii) towards chlortoluron occurred in the concentration range of 0.2-5.0 μg mL-1 where the limit of detection was found to be 0.0467 μg mL-1, the limit of quantification was 0.14 μg mL-1, and the relative standard deviation was 0.568%. The selective and specific recognitive nature of the Fe(iii) integrated fructose bound carbon dots towards the chlortoluron make it a suitable sensor for real sample applications. The proposed strategy was applied for the determination of chlortoluron in soil, water, and wheat samples with recoveries in the range of 95% to 104.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Mian Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Behisht Ara
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ali Shah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
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Li X, Wang C, Li P, Sun X, Shao Z, Xia J, Liu Q, Shen F, Fang Y. Beer-derived nitrogen, phosphorus co-doped carbon quantum dots: Highly selective on-off-on fluorescent probes for the detection of ascorbic acid in fruits. Food Chem 2023; 409:135243. [PMID: 36584525 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, facile and ultrasensitive fluorescence sensing system based on beer-derived nitrogen, phosphorus co-doped carbon quantum dots (N, P-CQDs) for the detection of ascorbic acid (AA) in fruits was proposed. N, P-CQDs were successfully synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method, which afforded a high quantum yield (21.7 %), and showed the fluorescence with a maximum emission wavelength of 450 nm at an excitation wavelength of 370 nm. Further, N, P-CQDs were employed as an efficient sensor for ultrasensitive Fe3+-detection at concentrations ranging from 1-20 µM and 100-300 µM, respectively. N, P-CQDs@Fe3+ showed a high sensitivity and selectivity for AA detection. A linear response range for AA was obtained from 1 to 200 µM with limit of detection of 0.84 µM was obtained for AA. The result of MTT test showed that N, P-CQDs exhibit low toxicity, providing fast, accurate and less toxic route for testing AA in the food analysis fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinyang Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhiying Shao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ji Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fei Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
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11
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Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Functionalized Carbon Nanodots from Cashew Nut Skin Waste for Bioimaging. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, Anacardium occidentale (A. occidentale) nut skin waste (cashew nut skin waste) was used as a raw material to synthesize functionalized carbon nanodots (F-CNDs). A. occidentale biomass-derived F-CNDs were synthesized at a low temperature (200 °C) using a facile, economical hydrothermal method and subjected to XRD, FESEM, TEM, HRTEM, XPS, Raman Spectroscopy, ATR-FTIR, and Ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy to determine their structures, chemical compositions, and optical properties. The analysis revealed that dispersed, hydrophilic F-CNDs had a mean diameter of 2.5 nm. XPS and ATR-FTIR showed F-CNDs had a crystalline core and an amorphous surface decorated with –NH2, –COOH, and C=O. In addition, F-CNDs had a quantum yield of 15.5% and exhibited fluorescence with maximum emission at 406 nm when excited at 340 nm. Human colon cancer (HCT-116) cell assays showed that F-CNDs readily penetrated into the cells, had outstanding biocompatibility, high photostability, and minimal toxicity. An MTT assay showed that the viability of HCT-116 cells incubated for 24 h in the presence of F-CNDs (200 μg mL–1) exceeded 95%. Furthermore, when stimulated by filters of three different wavelengths (405, 488, and 555 nm) under a laser scanning confocal microscope, HCT-116 cells containing F-CNDs emitted blue, red, and green, respectively, which suggests F-CNDs might be useful in the biomedical field. Thus, we describe the production of a fluorescent nanoprobe from cashew nut waste potentially suitable for bioimaging applications.
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Green Carbon Dots: Applications in Development of Electrochemical Sensors, Assessment of Toxicity as Well as Anticancer Properties. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots are one of the most promising nanomaterials which exhibit a wide range of applications in the field of bioimaging, sensing and biomedicine due to their ultra-small size, high photostability, tunable fluorescence, electrical properties, etc. However, green carbon dots synthesized from several natural and renewable sources show some additional advantages, such as favorable biocompatibility, wide sources, low cost of production and ecofriendly nature. In this review, we will provide an update on the latest research of green carbon dots regarding their applications in cancer therapy and in the development of electrochemical sensors. Besides, the toxicity assessment of carbon dots as well as the challenges and future direction of research on their anticancer and sensing applications will be discussed.
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13
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Liu X, Tian L, Ren R, Wang T, Wang Y. Constructing hollow ZIF-8/CDs@MIPs fluorescent sensor from Osmanthus leaves to specifically recognize bovine hemoglobin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 287:122121. [PMID: 36403557 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To develop non-toxic, highly efficient and selective fluorescence sensors was a significance research. In this work, a novel hollow fluorescence sensor was designed with biomass carbon dots (CDs), ZIF-8 and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) via aqueous polymerization. The results demonstrated such unique structure fluorescence sensor exhibited fast response time, excellent stability and highly selectively towards bovine hemoglobin (BHb). Even in a complex environment, the hollow fluorescence sensor (H-ZIF-8/CDs@MIPs) still has a good recognition effect on BHb. Under an optimized condition, the hollow fluorescence sensor was quenched linearly with BHb concentration in the range of 0.058-4.5 μM with the detection limit of 15.6 nM. In addition, a possible quenching mechanism of hollow fluorescence towards BHb was confirmed resonance energy transfer (FRET). In the actual application process, the hollow fluorescence sensor showed a better detection performance towards BHb with the recoveries ranged of 98.6-101.1 %. This work provided a strategy to design green and unique hollow fluorescence sensor for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqing Liu
- Jingdezhen Ceramic University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen 333403, PR China
| | - Le Tian
- Jingdezhen Ceramic University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen 333403, PR China
| | - Runping Ren
- Jingdezhen Ceramic University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen 333403, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jingdezhen Ceramic University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen 333403, PR China.
| | - Yongqing Wang
- Jingdezhen Ceramic University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen 333403, PR China.
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14
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Green Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Carbon Dots from Bovine Serum Albumin for Linezolid Drug Delivery as Potential Wound Healing Biomaterial: Bio-Synergistic Approach, Antibacterial Activity, and In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010234. [PMID: 36678866 PMCID: PMC9862409 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple and green approach was developed to produce novel highly fluorescent bovine serum albumin carbon dots (BCDs) via facile one-step hydrothermal treatment, using bovine serum albumin as a precursor carbon source. Inherent blue photoluminescence of the synthesized BCDs provided a maximum photostability of 90.5 ± 1.2% and was characterized via TEM, FT-IR, XPS, XRD, UV-visible, and zeta potential analyses. By virtue of their extremely small size, intrinsic optical and photoluminescence properties, superior photostability, and useful non-covalent interactions with the synthetic oxazolidinone antibiotic linezolid (LNZ), BCDs were investigated as fluorescent nano-biocarriers for LNZ drug delivery. The release profile of LNZ from the drug delivery system (LNZ-BCDs) revealed a distinct biphasic release, which is beneficial for mollifying the lethal incidents associated with wound infection. The effective wound healing performance of the developed LNZ-BCDs were evaluated through various in vitro and ex vivo assays such as MTT, ex vivo hemolysis, in vitro antibacterial activity, in vitro skin-related enzyme inhibition, and scratch wound healing assays. The examination of LNZ-BCDs as an efficient wound healing biomaterial illustrated excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity against normal human skin fibroblast (HSF) cell line, indicating distinct antibacterial activity against the most common wound infectious pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC® 25922) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, robust anti-elastase, anti-collagenase, and anti-tyrosinase activities, and enhanced cell proliferation and migration effect. The obtained results confirmed the feasibility of using the newly designed fluorescent LNZ-BCDs nano-bioconjugate as a unique antibacterial biomaterial for effective wound healing and tissue regeneration. Besides, the greenly synthesized BCDs could be considered as a great potential substitute for toxic nanoparticles in biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and intense fluorescence characteristics and in pharmaceutical industries as promising drug delivery nano-biocarriers for effective wound healing applications.
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15
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Jing HH, Bardakci F, Akgöl S, Kusat K, Adnan M, Alam MJ, Gupta R, Sahreen S, Chen Y, Gopinath SCB, Sasidharan S. Green Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties and Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14010027. [PMID: 36662074 PMCID: PMC9863160 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a new category of crystalline, quasi-spherical fluorescence, "zero-dimensional" carbon nanomaterials with a spatial size between 1 nm to 10 nm and have gained widespread attention in recent years. Green CDs are carbon dots synthesised from renewable biomass such as agro-waste, plants or medicinal plants and other organic biomaterials. Plant-mediated synthesis of CDs is a green chemistry approach that connects nanotechnology with the green synthesis of CDs. Notably, CDs made with green technology are economical and far superior to those manufactured with physicochemical methods due to their exclusive benefits, such as being affordable, having high stability, having a simple protocol, and being safer and eco-benign. Green CDs can be synthesized by using ultrasonic strategy, chemical oxidation, carbonization, solvothermal and hydrothermal processes, and microwave irradiation using various plant-based organic resources. CDs made by green technology have diverse applications in biomedical fields such as bioimaging, biosensing and nanomedicine, which are ascribed to their unique properties, including excellent luminescence effect, strong stability and good biocompatibility. This review mainly focuses on green CDs synthesis, characterization techniques, beneficial properties of plant resource-based green CDs and their biomedical applications. This review article also looks at the research gaps and future research directions for the continuous deepening of the exploration of green CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hui Jing
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Fevzi Bardakci
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sinan Akgöl
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Kevser Kusat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, DokuzEylül University, Izmir 35390, Turkey
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Jahoor Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reena Gupta
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Sumaira Sahreen
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-12-532-3462; Fax: +60-4-653-4803
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16
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Ayad MM, Abdelghafar ME, Torad NL, Yamauchi Y, Amer WA. Green synthesis of carbon quantum dots toward highly sensitive detection of formaldehyde vapors using QCM sensor. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137031. [PMID: 36397304 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, an eco-friendly method for the preparation of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) is demonstrated using hydrothermal treatment of laurel leaves. The optical and structural characteristics of the prepared CQDs are investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron (XPS), fluorescent and UV-visible spectroscopies, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor designed and modified with CQDs is capable of detecting formaldehyde vapors in the presence of other interfering chemical-vapor analytes. The changes in the frequency of the QCM sensor are linearly correlated with the injected formaldehyde concentrations. The sensing properties of formaldehyde, including sensitivity and reversibility, are investigated. Detection of formaldehyde in the presence of humidity is carefully discussed for home or workplace room environment use. The adsorption kinetics of various VOCs vapors are also calculated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad M Ayad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
| | - Mona E Abdelghafar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Nagy L Torad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Ibaraki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Ibaraki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan; School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Wael A Amer
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir 32038, Bahrain.
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17
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Shabbir H, Wojtaszek K, Rutkowski B, Csapó E, Bednarski M, Adamiec A, Głuch-Lutwin M, Mordyl B, Druciarek J, Kotańska M, Ozga P, Wojnicki M. Milk-Derived Carbon Quantum Dots: Study of Biological and Chemical Properties Provides Evidence of Toxicity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248728. [PMID: 36557861 PMCID: PMC9783298 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are carbon-based zero-dimensional nanomaterials that can be prepared from a number of organic precursors. In this research, they are prepared using fat-free UHT cow milk through the hydrothermal method. FTIR analysis shows C=O and C-H bond presence, as well as nitrogen-based bond like C-N, C=N and -NH2 presence in CDs, while the absorption spectra show the absorption band at 280 ± 3 nm. Next, the Biuret test was performed, with the results showing no presence of unreacted proteins in CDs. It can be said that all proteins are converted in CDs. Photo luminance spectra shows the emission of CDs is 420 nm and a toxicity study of CDs was performed. The Presto Blue method was used to test the toxicity of CDs for murine hippocampal cells. CDs at a concentration of 4 mg/mL were hazardous independent of synthesis time, while the toxicity was higher for lower synthesis times of 1 and 2 h. When the concentration is reduced in 1 and 2 h synthesized CDs, the cytotoxic effect also decreases significantly, ensuring a survival rate of 60-80%. However, when the synthesis time of CDs is increased, the cytotoxic effect decreases to a lesser extent. The CDs with the highest synthesis time of 8 h do not show a cytotoxic effect above 60%. The cytotoxicity study shows that CDs may have a concentration and time-dependent cytotoxic effect, reducing the number of viable cells by 40%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Shabbir
- Faculty of Non–Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Ave. 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Konrad Wojtaszek
- Faculty of Non–Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Ave. 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Bogdan Rutkowski
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Edit Csapó
- MTA-SZTE “Lendület” Momentum Noble Metal Nanostructures Research Group, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. Sqr. 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marek Bednarski
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Anita Adamiec
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Monika Głuch-Lutwin
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Mordyl
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Julia Druciarek
- Technical Secondary School of Chemical and Environmental Protection No. 3, Krupnicza 44, 31-123 Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Ozga
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta Street, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Wojnicki
- Faculty of Non–Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Ave. 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (M.W.)
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18
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Zhao L, Zhang M, Mujumdar AS, Adhikari B, Wang H. Preparation of a Novel Carbon Dot/Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Film and Its Application in Food Preservation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37528-37539. [PMID: 35944155 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized with the facile hydrothermal method to produce CDs/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) active food packaging films. The CDs had a diameter ranging from 2.01 to 5.61 nm and were well-dispersed. The effects of different concentrations of CDs on mechanical strength, water resistance, morphology, optical, and thermal performance of the CDs/PVA films were discussed. The incorporation of CDs in the PVA film improved its mechanical properties, water resistance properties, UV blocking properties, and thermal stability and endowed the composite film with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The maximum scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ABTS free radicals by the 0.50% CDs/PVA film were 72.81 and 97.08%, respectively. The inhibition zone diameters of the 0.50% CDs/PVA solution against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were 9.52, 8.21, and 9.05 mm, respectively. Using the 0.50% CDs/PVA film as active packaging, the shelf life of banana, jujube, and fried meatballs was observed to be extended significantly. These results demonstrate the viability of the CDs/PVA composite film as a promising active food packaging material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- China General Chamber of Commerce Key Laboratory on Fresh Food Processing & Preservation, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province International Joint Laboratory on Fresh Food Smart Processing and Quality Monitoring, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Arun S Mujumdar
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, H9X3V9 Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, VIC3083 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Haixiang Wang
- Yechun Food Production and Distribution Co., Ltd., 225000 Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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19
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Omar NAS, Fen YW, Irmawati R, Hashim HS, Ramdzan NSM, Fauzi NIM. A Review on Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Characterization and Its Application in Optical Sensor for Environmental Monitoring. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142365. [PMID: 35889589 PMCID: PMC9321155 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of carbon dots (CDs), either using green or chemical precursors, has inevitably led to their wide range application, from bioimaging to optoelectronic devices. The reported precursors and properties of these CDs have opened new opportunities for the future development of high-quality CDs and applications. Green precursors were classified into fruits, vegetables, flowers, leaves, seeds, stem, crop residues, fungi/bacteria species, and waste products, while the chemical precursors were classified into acid reagents and non-acid reagents. This paper quickly reviews ten years of the synthesis of CDs using green and chemical precursors. The application of CDs as sensing materials in optical sensor techniques for environmental monitoring, including the detection of heavy metal ions, phenol, pesticides, and nitroaromatic explosives, was also discussed in this review. This profound review will offer knowledge for the upcoming community of researchers interested in synthesizing high-quality CDs for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Alia Sheh Omar
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (R.I.); (H.S.H.); (N.S.M.R.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Yap Wing Fen
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (R.I.); (H.S.H.); (N.S.M.R.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ramli Irmawati
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (R.I.); (H.S.H.); (N.S.M.R.)
| | - Hazwani Suhaila Hashim
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (R.I.); (H.S.H.); (N.S.M.R.)
| | - Nur Syahira Md Ramdzan
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (R.I.); (H.S.H.); (N.S.M.R.)
| | - Nurul Illya Muhamad Fauzi
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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20
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Phan LMT, Cho S. Fluorescent Carbon Dot-Supported Imaging-Based Biomedicine: A Comprehensive Review. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:9303703. [PMID: 35440939 PMCID: PMC9013550 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9303703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) provide distinctive advantages of strong fluorescence, good photostability, high water solubility, and outstanding biocompatibility, and thus are widely exploited as potential imaging agents for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging. Imaging is absolutely necessary when discovering the structure and function of cells, detecting biomarkers in diagnosis, tracking the progress of ongoing disease, treating various tumors, and monitoring therapeutic efficacy, making it an important approach in modern biomedicine. Numerous investigations of CDs have been intensively studied for utilization in bioimaging-supported medical sciences. However, there is still no article highlighting the potential importance of CD-based bioimaging to support various biomedical applications. Herein, we summarize the development of CDs as fluorescence (FL) nanoprobes with different FL colors for potential bioimaging-based applications in living cells, tissue, and organisms, including the bioimaging of various cell types and targets, bioimaging-supported sensing of metal ions and biomolecules, and FL imaging-guided tumor therapy. Current CD-based microscopic techniques and their advantages are also highlighted. This review discusses the significance of advanced CD-supported imaging-based in vitro and in vivo investigations, suggests the potential of CD-based imaging for biomedicine, and encourages the effective selection and development of superior probes and platforms for further biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Minh Tu Phan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Danang, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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21
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M P A, Pardhiya S, Rajamani P. Carbon Dots: An Excellent Fluorescent Probe for Contaminant Sensing and Remediation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105579. [PMID: 35001502 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pollution-induced degradation of the environment is a serious problem for both developing and developed countries. Existing remediation methods are restricted, necessitating the development of novel remediation technologies. Nanomaterials with unique characteristics have recently been developed for remediation. Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanoparticles (1-10 nm) with optical and electrical characteristics that differ from bigger particles owing to quantum mechanics, making them intriguing for sensing and remediation applications. Carbon dots (CDs) offer better characteristics than typical QDs, such as, CdSe QDs in terms of contaminant sensing and remediation. Non-toxicity, chemical inertness, photo-induced electron transfer, good biocompatibility, and adjustable photoluminescence behavior are all characteristics of CDs. CDs are frequently made from sustainable raw materials as they are cost-effective, environmentally compactable, and excellent in reducing waste generation. The goal of this review article is to briefly describe CDs fabrication methods, to deeply investigate the criteria and properties of CDs that make them suitable for sensing and remediation of contaminants, and also to highlight recent advances in their use in sensing and remediation of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith M P
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sonali Pardhiya
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Paulraj Rajamani
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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22
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Atchudan R, Edison TNJI, Perumal S, Vinodh R, Sundramoorthy AK, Babu RS, Lee YR. Morus nigra-derived hydrophilic carbon dots for the highly selective and sensitive detection of ferric ion in aqueous media and human colon cancer cell imaging. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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23
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Wang K, Ru Z, Shi J, Zhu Y, Yang L, Wei M, Xiao M, Liu N, Wang F. N-doped carbon dots as robust fluorescent probes for the rapid detection of hypochlorite. RSC Adv 2022; 12:27170-27178. [PMID: 36276019 PMCID: PMC9511229 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04477c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
N-doped carbon dots (NCDs) with high quantum yield (67%), which could act as robust fluorescent probes for the detection of free chlorine in local tap water with rapid response and accurate measurement, were efficiently prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zongling Ru
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Jiwei Shi
- Shanghai Morimatsu Pharmaceutical Equipment Engineering Co. Ltd., No. 29 Jinwen Road, Pudong Area, Shanghai, 201323, China
| | - Yuezhao Zhu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Mengxue Wei
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Mengli Xiao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Nana Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
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24
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Liu S, Quan T, Yang L, Deng L, Kang X, Gao M, Xia Z, Li X, Gao D. N,Cl-Codoped Carbon Dots from Impatiens balsamina L. Stems and a Deep Eutectic Solvent and Their Applications for Gram-Positive Bacteria Identification, Antibacterial Activity, Cell Imaging, and ClO - Sensing. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29022-29036. [PMID: 34746591 PMCID: PMC8567351 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we first synthesized metal-free N,Cl-doped carbon dots (N,Cl-CDs) using Impatiens balsamina L. stems as green precursors in a deep eutectic solvent (DES). The obtained N,Cl-CDs were characterized through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, fluorescence (FL) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. In addition to the common features of carbon dots (CDs), such as high light stability, small size, low toxicity, good aqueous solubility, and favorable biocompatibility, these N,Cl-CDs exhibited excellent recognition and selectivity for Gram-positive bacteria by doping with N and Cl elements using DES. The N,Cl-CDs with positive charge cannot only differentiate Gram-positive bacteria by selective fluorescence imaging but also have antibacterial effects on Gram-positive bacteria. Through potential, ROS, and morphological analyses of bacteria before and after treatment with N,Cl-CDs, the antibacterial mechanisms of bacteriostasis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella were explored. In addition, N,Cl-CDs demonstrated low cytotoxicity and good cell imaging ability in cancer and normal cells. Moreover, they can be used as a fluorescence sensor for the detection of ClO- with a detection range from 100 nM to 40 μM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 30 nM. In summary, the prepared N,Cl-CDs could be applied as environmentally friendly Gram-positive bacterial identification and antibacterial agents. Additionally, their cell imaging and ClO- detection abilities were outstanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Tian Quan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Linlin Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xun Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Manjie Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zhining Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Die Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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25
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Luo WK, Zhang LL, Yang ZY, Guo XH, Wu Y, Zhang W, Luo JK, Tang T, Wang Y. Herbal medicine derived carbon dots: synthesis and applications in therapeutics, bioimaging and sensing. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:320. [PMID: 34645456 PMCID: PMC8513293 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the number of raw material selections for the synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) has grown extensively, herbal medicine as a precursor receives an increasing amount of attention. Compared with other biomass precursors, CDs derived from herbal medicine (HM-CDs) have become the most recent incomer in the family of CDs. In recent ten years, a great many studies have revealed that HM-CDs tend to be good at theranostics without drug loading. However, the relevant development and research results are not systematically reviewed. Herein, the origin and history of HM-CDs are outlined, especially their functional performances in medical diagnosis and treatment. Besides, we sort out the herbal medicine precursors, and analyze the primary synthetic methods and the key characteristics. In terms of the applications of HM-CDs, medical therapeutics, ion and molecular detection, bioimaging, as well as pH sensing are summarized. Finally, we discuss the crucial challenges and future prospects. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Kang Luo
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang-Lin Zhang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Yang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Hang Guo
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jie-Kun Luo
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.
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26
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Raja S, Buhl EM, Dreschers S, Schalla C, Zenke M, Sechi A, Mattoso LHC. Curauá-derived carbon dots: Fluorescent probes for effective Fe(III) ion detection, cellular labeling and bioimaging. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 129:112409. [PMID: 34579918 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the generation of curauá-derived carbon dots (C-dots) and their suitability for Fe(III) detection, bioimaging and FACS analysis. C-dots were generated from curauá (Ananas erectifolius) fibers by a facile one-step hydrothermal approach. They exhibited graphite-like structure with a mean diameter of 2.4 nm, high water solubility, high levels of carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups, excitation-dependent multicolor fluorescence emission (in the range 450 nm - 560 nm) and superior photostability. C-dots were highly selective and effective for the detection of ferric Fe(III) ion in an aqueous medium with a detection limit of 0.77 μM in the linear range of 0-30 μM, a value much lower than the guideline limits proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). In biological cell systems, C-dots were very well tolerated by B16F1 mouse melanoma and J774.A1 mouse macrophages cell lines, both of which effectively internalized C-dots in their cytoplasmic compartment. Finally, C-dots were effective probes for long-term live cell imaging experiments and multi-channel flow cytometry analysis. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that curauá-derived C-dots serve as versatile and effective natural products for Fe(III) ion sensing, labeling and bioimaging of various cell types. This study adds novel C-dots to the library of carbon-based probes and paves the way towards a sustainable conversion of a most abundant biomass waste into value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Raja
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Eva Miriam Buhl
- Institute for Pathology, Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse, 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Dreschers
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carmen Schalla
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Antonio Sechi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Luiz H C Mattoso
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
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27
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Ghosh S, Gul AR, Park CY, Kim MW, Xu P, Baek SH, Bhamore JR, Kailasa SK, Park TJ. Facile synthesis of carbon dots from Tagetes erecta as a precursor for determination of chlorpyrifos via fluorescence turn-off and quinalphos via fluorescence turn-on mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130515. [PMID: 33862360 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Convenient one-pot synthetic route for the fabrication of carbon dots (CDs) from Tagetes erecta flower (TEF), named as "TEF-CDs', through solvo(hydro)-thermal carbonization of the TEF was developed. The TEF-CDs revealed high selectivity towards chlorpyrifos and quinalphos, acting as a fluorescent probe. The CDs synthesized from T. erecta flower showed a strong blue color at 495 nm when excited at 420 nm, along with the exhibition of a strong quantum yield of 63.7%. The synthesized CDs revealed their richness in the surface-active organic group that synthesized CDs from T. erecta flower are mainly comprised of C, O, and N, which were crystalline in structure that was revealed by TEM image and XRD spectra. Furthermore, when the probe was exposed to different pH conditions, no major noticeable changes were recorded. Moreover, when the probe was exposed to chlorpyrifos and quinalphos, we have noticed that fluorescence spectra was turned off when the probe was exposed to chlorpyrifos and "turned on" after the exposure quinalphos. Moreover, fluorescence spectral changes showed a good linearity with chlorpyrifos and quinalphos concentrations in the range of 0.05-100.0 μM for chlorpyrifos and 0.01-50.0 μM for quinalphos. The limit of detection are 2.1 ng mL-1 and 1.7 ng mL-1 for chlorpyrifos and quinalphos, respectively. Finally, the TEF-CDs-based fluorescent nanoprobe was successfully applied to estimate chlorpyrifos and quinalphos with an effective accuracy in rice and fruit samples with rapid detection time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Anam Rana Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Yeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Baek
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jigna R Bhamore
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Suresh Kumar Kailasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395 007, India.
| | - Tae Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Hu Y, Ji W, Qiao J, Li H, Zhang Y, Luo J. Simple and Sensitive Multi-components Detection Using Synthetic Nitrogen-doped Carbon Dots Based on Soluble Starch. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:1379-1392. [PMID: 34156612 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02764-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although carbon dots (CDs) as fluorescent sensors have been widely exploited, multi-component detection using CDs without tedious surface modification is always a challenging task. Here, two kinds of nitrogen-doped CDs (NCD-m and NCD-o) based on soluble starch (SS) as carbon source were prepared through one-pot hydrothermal process using m-phenylenediamine and o-phenylenediamine as nitrogenous dopant respectively. Through fluorescence "on-off" mechanism of CDs, NCD-m and NCD-o could be used as a fluorescence sensor for detection of Fe 3+ and Ag + with LOD of 0.25 and 0.51 μM, respectively. Additionally, NCD-m could be used for indirect detection of ascorbic acid (AA) with LOD of 5.02 μM. Moreover, fluorescence intensity of NCD-m also exhibited the sensitivity to pH change from 2 to 13. More importantly, Both NCD-m and NCD-o had potential application for analysis of complicated real samples such as tap water, Vitamin C tablets and orange juice. Ultimately, the small size of NCD-m could contribute to reinforcing intracellular endocytosis, which allowed them to be used for bacteria imaging. Obviously, these easily obtainable nitrogen-doped CDs were able to be used for multi-components detection. Strategy for synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) and a schematic for fabrication of as-prepared NCDs for detection of Fe 3+, Ag + and ascorbic acid (AA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hu
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory On Traditional Chinese Medicine (Approved By State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, SATCM), China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
| | - Wenxuan Ji
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Jinjuan Qiao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jun Luo
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, China.
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Wang K, Geng C, Wang F, Zhao Y, Ru Z. Urea-doped carbon dots as fluorescent switches for the selective detection of iodide ions and their mechanistic study. RSC Adv 2021; 11:27645-27652. [PMID: 35480658 PMCID: PMC9037827 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04558j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile and green strategy for the fabrication of fluorescent urea-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) has been explored. Significantly, the fluorescent N-CDs could recognize iodide ions (I−) with high selectivity, and their photoluminescence could be efficiently quenched by the addition of I−. The sensitivity analysis for I− indicated a linear relationship in the range from 12.5 to 587 μM with the detection limit as low as 0.47 μM. Furthermore, the I− induced fluorescence (FL) quenching mechanism was investigated employing a combination of techniques, including UV-vis/fluorescence spectroscopy, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation, TEM and time-resolved fluorescence decay measurements. The DFT calculation results demonstrated that the amino- and amide groups of N-CDs play a significant role in iodide recognition through the formation of multiple N–H⋯I−, C–H⋯I− and C(
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O)N–H⋯I− interactions with I−. The TEM experiment confirmed the aggregation process when I− was added to the N-CDs solution. Moreover, the radiative decay rate of N-CDs, which was first measured and reported the kinetic behaviors of the FL-quenching process, decreased from 3.30 × 107 s−1 to 1.95 × 107 s−1 after the coordination with I− ions. The reduced lifetime demonstrated that the excited energy dissipation led to a dynamic quenching process. Therefore, such carbon materials can function as effective fluorescent switches for the selective detection of I− ions. Urea-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) have been successfully fabricated for monitoring iodide ions; the reduced lifetime of N-CDs demonstrated that the excited energy dissipation led to a dynamic fluorescence quenching process.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology Anyang 455000 China
| | - Cuihuan Geng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology Anyang 455000 China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology Anyang 455000 China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Teaching and Research Office of Neihuang Country Anyang 456300 China
| | - Zongling Ru
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology Anyang 455000 China
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30
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Chahal S, Macairan JR, Yousefi N, Tufenkji N, Naccache R. Green synthesis of carbon dots and their applications. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25354-25363. [PMID: 35478913 PMCID: PMC9037072 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04718c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are nanoparticles with tunable physicochemical and optical properties. Their resistance to photobleaching and relatively low toxicity render them attractive alternatives to fluorescent dyes and heavy metal-based quantum dots in the fields of bioimaging, sensing, catalysis, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes, among others. Moreover, they have garnered considerable attention as they lend themselves to green synthesis methods. Increasingly, one-pot syntheses comprising exclusively of renewable raw materials or renewable refined compounds are gaining favor over traditional approaches that rely on harsh chemicals and energy intensive conditions. The field of green CD synthesis is developing rapidly; however, challenges persist in ensuring the consistency of their properties (e.g., fluorescence quantum yield) relative to conventional preparation methods. This has mostly limited their use to sensing and bioimaging, leaving opportunities for development in optoelectronic applications. Herein, we discuss the most common green CD synthesis and purification methods reported in the literature and the renewable precursors used. The physical, chemical, and optical properties of the resulting green-synthesized CDs are critically reviewed, followed by a detailed description of their applications in sensing, bioimaging, biomedicine, inks, and catalysis. We conclude with an outlook on the future of green CD synthesis. Future research efforts should address the broad knowledge gap between CDs synthesized from renewable versus non-renewable precursors, focusing on discrepancies in their physical, chemical, and optical properties. The development of cost effective, safe, and sustainable green CDs with tunable properties will broaden their implementation in largely untapped applications, which include drug delivery, photovoltaics, catalysis, and more. A review of the green carbon dot synthesis literature outlining the various precursors used, synthesis and purification methods employed, the resulting physicochemical properties of the carbon dots, and their applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawninder Chahal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University 3610 University St, Montreal Quebec H3A 0C5 Canada
| | - Jun-Ray Macairan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal Quebec H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Nariman Yousefi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University 350 Victoria St Toronto Ontario M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Nathalie Tufenkji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University 3610 University St, Montreal Quebec H3A 0C5 Canada.,Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials Canada
| | - Rafik Naccache
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal Quebec H4B 1R6 Canada .,Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials Canada
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31
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Hu Y, Ji W, Sun J, Liu X, Zhou R, Yan J, Zhang N. Simple and eco-friendly synthesis of crude orange-peel-derived carbon nanoparticles for detection of Fe 3+ and ascorbic acid. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:1385-1394. [PMID: 33942474 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Although fluorescence sensors based on carbon dots (CDs) have been developed widely, multicomponent detection using CDs without extra and tedious surface modification remains a challenge. Here, the crude carbon nanoparticles (CPs) as a fluorescence sensor were prepared through one-pot hydrothermal process using orange peel as the precursor. The method was simple, rapid, economical, and eco-friendly given that such extra steps as dialysis and lyophilization were not required. By adding ethanol into the reaction solvent, the fluorescence properties of orange-peel-derived CPs as well as their sensitivity of detecting Fe3+ with a limit of detection of 0.25 μM were improved. Additionally, orange-peel-derived CPs could be used as a fluorescence sensor for detection of ascorbic acid (AA) with a LOD of 5 μM. More importantly, the proposed fluorescence methods were successfully used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze Fe3+ and AA in real samples. Recovery of Fe3+ from tap water was within the range 97.2-105.4%. Conversely, recovery of AA from vitamin C tablets and orange juices laid within the ranges 97.7-99.3% and 93.2-97.6%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hu
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine (Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, SATCM), China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Wenxuan Ji
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Junxuan Sun
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xingyue Liu
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Run Zhou
- Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jiaying Yan
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Nuonuo Zhang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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32
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Bi X, Hou X, Zhang X, Liu W, Ren G, Xu S, Wang H, Wei W. Facile Synthesis of Green Fluorescent Carbon Dots and Application for Iron (III) Detection, Patterning and Cell Imaging. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Bi
- Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Xiaoyu Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Xueyun Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Guodong Ren
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Shuming Xu
- Children's Hospital of Shanxi Taiyuan 030013 China
| | - Haojiang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Wenlong Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
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33
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Hu C, Zhu Y, Zhao X. On-off-on nanosensors of carbon quantum dots derived from coal tar pitch for the detection of Cu 2+, Fe 3+, and L-ascorbic acid. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 250:119325. [PMID: 33418472 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Novel nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) were synthesized by a chemical oxidation method using medium-low temperature coal tar pitch as the raw material. Such quantum dots were developed as a highly sensitive fluorescent "on-off-on" switch sensor for the selective and simultaneous sensing of Cu2+ and Fe3+. The as-prepared N-CQDs, which emit blue light, were characterized by TEM images, FT-IR spectra, Raman spectroscopy, XPS analysis, fluorescence spectra, and UV-vis absorption spectra. The results showed that the N-CQDs exhibit outstanding optical properties and high optical stability within the pH range of 4-10, with a quantum yield of approximately 7%. Additionally, the material performed as an "on-off" sensor which can be dramatically extinguished by Cu2+ and Fe3+. A linear relationship between Cu2+ and Fe3+ ion concentration and fluorescence intensity was observed in the range from 0 to 50 μM. The limits of detection of the fluorescent sensor toward Cu2+ and Fe3+ were 0.16 μM and 0.173 μM, respectively. The Fe3+-quenched N-CQDs were restored after adding L-ascorbic acid, due to the redox reaction between Fe3+ and L-ascorbic acid, which resulted in the detachment of Fe3+ from the surface of the N-CQDs. The linear range for the detection of L-ascorbic acid was 0-28 μM. Therefore, the amount of L-ascorbic acid can be measured by using the sensing system consisting of Fe3+ and N-CQDs. In consequence, N-CQDs are considered an important material for the detection of Cu2+ and Fe3+ in water samples or L-ascorbic acid in drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoshuai Hu
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metallurgy Liaoning Province', University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China
| | - Yaming Zhu
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metallurgy Liaoning Province', University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China
| | - Xuefei Zhao
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metallurgy Liaoning Province', University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, China.
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34
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Dong W, Yu J, Gong X, Liang W, Fan L, Dong C. A turn-off-on near-infrared photoluminescence sensor for sequential detection of Fe 3+ and ascorbic acid based on glutathione-capped gold nanoclusters. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 247:119085. [PMID: 33161261 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many reports have suggested that near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes are one of the most promising molecules for improving the sensitivity of fluorescence sensing and imaging. Herein, gold nanoclusters with excellent near-infrared photoluminescence (PL) were synthesized by a simply hydrothermal treatment of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) trihydrate and glutathione (GSH). The NIR PL of GSH-capped gold nanoclusters (GSH-AuNCs) can be significantly quenched by Fe3+, which follows a dynamic quenching mechanism. However, the NIR PL of the GSH-AuNCs/Fe3+ system can be recovered after the addition of ascorbic acid (AA). The decrease and increase of NIR PL intensities of GSH-AuNCs were linearly correlated with the concentration of Fe3+ and AA, respectively. Therefore, a turn-off-on NIR PL sensing strategy can be constructed for sequential detection of Fe3+ and AA with the linear range of 0.7-180 μM and 0.5-120 μM, respectively. The proposed NIR PL sensor exhibits excellent sensing performance and has been applied to the determination of Fe3+ and AA in real samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
| | - Jiangyan Yu
- Institute of Environmental Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Gong
- Institute of Environmental Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
| | - Wenting Liang
- Institute of Environmental Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Li Fan
- Institute of Environmental Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
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35
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Sekar A, Yadav R, Basavaraj N. Fluorescence quenching mechanism and the application of green carbon nanodots in the detection of heavy metal ions: a review. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04878j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review article highlights the quenching mechanism and applications of green CNDs for the detection of metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anithadevi Sekar
- Department of Chemistry
- Madras Christian College
- Affiliated to the University of Madras
- Chennai
- India
| | - Rakhi Yadav
- Department of Chemistry
- Madras Christian College
- Affiliated to the University of Madras
- Chennai
- India
| | - Nivetha Basavaraj
- Department of Chemistry
- Madras Christian College
- Affiliated to the University of Madras
- Chennai
- India
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Lin X, Xiong M, Zhang J, He C, Ma X, Zhang H, Kuang Y, Yang M, Huang Q. Carbon dots based on natural resources: Synthesis and applications in sensors. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Guo J, Ye S, Li H, Song J, Qu J. Novel fluorescence probe based on bright emitted carbon dots for ClO - detection in real water samples and living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 240:118592. [PMID: 32615499 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Low-toxic and environmentally friendly carbon dots (CDs) have been extensively applied in various fields. CDs usually demonstrate excellent selectivity and high sensitivity, especially in ion detection. However, the most commonly used CDs are excited by ultraviolet (UV) light and emit weak fluorescence light, limiting their application in some fields. Herein, novel fluorine and nitrogen codoped carbon dots (FNCDs) were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method and used as a fluorescent probe for ion detection. The FNCDs were excited by blue light and emitted strong green fluorescence, and the photoluminescence quantum yield was as high as 56.7%. The fluorescence of the FNCDs could be rapidly quenched by ClO- ions, indicating their potential application for ClO- detection. The fluorescence of the FNCDs was quenched by ClO- ions in less than 1 min, and the intensity of the fluorescence decreased linearly as the ClO- concentration increased from 0 to 20 μM. The detection limit was calculated to be as low as 8.2 nM, indicating high sensitivity of the FNCDs probe. The quench effect of the ClO- ions on the FNCDs probe fluorescence was not affected by other ions, demonstrating excellent selectivity of the FNCDs probe. Because of their excellent biological compatibility, the FNCDs were also successfully used to identify exogenous ClO- in living cells. These FNCDs have promising prospects as novel sensitive and inexpensive probes for the detection of pollutants and in the pathological studies of clinical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Guo
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Shuai Ye
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
| | - Hao Li
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Jun Song
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Junle Qu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
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38
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Ajith MP, Priyadarshini E, Rajamani P. Effective and selective removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents using sustainable Si-CD conjugate based column chromatography. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123786. [PMID: 32673782 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation deals with the green synthesis of aqueous-stable and highly fluorescent carbon dots (CD) by hydrothermal treatment of tender leaf extract of Ficus benghalensis. The synthesized CD was characterized. Carbon dots were of an average size of 2.28 nm with a blue-green fluorescence emission at 317 nm and showed high selectivity and specificity for iron and nickel amongst the different tested heavy metals with a LOD of 0.0015 μmol/mL and 0.000014 μmol/mL respectively. Further, we functionalized silica with the prepared carbon dot to generate an adsorbent for purification of contaminated water. A short bed adsorbed column system was designed for determining the efficiency of adsorption. As envisioned approximately, 77% and 74% removal of Fe and Ni was observed when the metal salts were eluted individually. Purification efficacy was analysed using an industrial electroplating effluent, which showed adsorption of 74% and 79% for Fe and Ni respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Ajith
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Eepsita Priyadarshini
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Paulraj Rajamani
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Lu X, Wang F, Lei W, Xia M. The synthesis and modification of highly fluorescent carbon quantum dots for reversible detection of water-soluble phosphonate-1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid by fluorescence spectroscopy. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 36:200-209. [PMID: 32805085 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescent (PL) carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were prepared successfully using a facile and green procedure. They exhibited striking blue fluorescence and excellent optical properties, with a quantum yield as high as 61.44%. Due to the fluorescence quenching effect and the stronger complexing ability of the phosphoric acid group of 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) to Fe3+ , CQDs doped with Fe3+ were adequately constructed as an efficient and sensitive fluorescent probe for HEDP-specific sensing. The proposed fluorescent probe had a sensitive and rapid response in the range 5-70 μM. Furthermore, quantitative molecular surface (QMS) analysis based on the Multiwfn program was applied to explore the complexation mode of HEDP and metal ions. The distribution of electrostatic potential (ESP), average local ionization energy (ALIE), the minimum value points and the position of the lone pair electrons on the surface of molecular van der Waals were further determined. More strikingly, this experiment achieved the quantitative detection of water-soluble phosphonate-HEDP, for the first time using fluorescence spectrometry. It has been proved to be an effective and intuitive sensing method for the detection of HEDP in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lu
- Institute of Industrial Chemistry, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Institute of Industrial Chemistry, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Wu Lei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingzhu Xia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
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40
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Kong Y, He Y, Zhou J, Zhong S, Song G. Amino Acids as the Nitrogen Source to Synthesize Boron Nitride Quantum Dots for Fluorescence Turn‐off‐on Detection of Ascorbic Acid. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuelin Kong
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical MaterialsMinistry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Yu He
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical MaterialsMinistry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical MaterialsMinistry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Shuhua Zhong
- Ezhou Environmental Protection Monitoring Station Ezhou 436000, China
| | - Gongwu Song
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical MaterialsMinistry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China
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41
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Wang Y, Man Y, Li S, Wu S, Zhao X, Xie F, Qu Q, Zou WS. Pesticide-derived bright chlorine-doped carbon dots for selective determination and intracellular imaging of Fe(III). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 226:117594. [PMID: 31629278 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the conversion from organics or biomass to fluorescent carbon dots (C-dots), the use of pesticide 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) as a precursor to prepare C-dots has been reported. The as-prepared chlorine-doped C-dots display a brightly blue emission at ∼445 nm with ∼22.8% quantum yield. Also, the surface of C-dots enriches functional groups, such as phenolic hydroxyl and carboxylic acid, etc., which can capture ferric ion (Fe(III)), resulting in the quenching of blue fluorescence of C-dots through an inner filter effect. The quantitative assay for Fe(III) was therefore realized by this probe with a 0.36 μM detection limit in the 0.6-25 μM concentration range. Most significantly, the cytotoxicity on Hela cells indicates the 4-CP-derived C-dots have a negligible cytotoxicity. The C-dots were applied in detection in environmental samples and imaging in Hela cells of Fe(III), demonstrating their good applicability, low toxicity and good biocompatibility, and providing an alterative approach to totally eliminate the harm of chlorophenols (CPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 292 Ziyun Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Yun Man
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Bengbu University, 1866 Caoshan Road, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China.
| | - Sisheng Li
- Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 218 North Susong Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China
| | - Shibiao Wu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 292 Ziyun Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Fazhi Xie
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 292 Ziyun Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Qishu Qu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 292 Ziyun Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Zou
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 292 Ziyun Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China.
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Hong D, Deng X, Liang J, Li J, Tao Y, Tan K. One-step hydrothermal synthesis of down/up-conversion luminescence F-doped carbon quantum dots for label-free detection of Fe3+. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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43
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Inner filter effect in fluorescence spectroscopy: As a problem and as a solution. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2019.100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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44
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Zhang F, Wang M, Zeng D, Zhang H, Li Y, Su X. A molybdenum disulfide quantum dots-based ratiometric fluorescence strategy for sensitive detection of epinephrine and ascorbic acid. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1089:123-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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