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Brycht M, Poltorak L, Baluchová S, Sipa K, Borgul P, Rudnicki K, Skrzypek S. Electrochemistry as a Powerful Tool for Investigations of Antineoplastic Agents: A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-92. [PMID: 35968923 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2106117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is most frequently treated with antineoplastic agents (ANAs) that are hazardous to patients undergoing chemotherapy and the healthcare workers who handle ANAs in the course of their duties. All aspects related to hazardous oncological drugs illustrate that the monitoring of ANAs is essential to minimize the risks associated with these drugs. Among all analytical techniques used to test ANAs, electrochemistry holds an important position. This review, for the first time, comprehensively describes the progress done in electrochemistry of ANAs by means of a variety of bare or modified (bio)sensors over the last four decades (in the period of 1982-2021). Attention is paid not only to the development of electrochemical sensing protocols of ANAs in various biological, environmental, and pharmaceutical matrices but also to achievements of electrochemical techniques in the examination of the interactions of ANAs with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), carcinogenic cells, biomimetic membranes, peptides, and enzymes. Other aspects, including the enantiopurity studies, differentiation between single-stranded and double-stranded DNA without using any label or tag, studies on ANAs degradation, and their pharmacokinetics, by means of electrochemical techniques are also commented. Finally, concluding remarks that underline the existence of a significant niche for the basic electrochemical research that should be filled in the future are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Brycht
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Lukasz Poltorak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Simona Baluchová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Charles University, Prague 2, Czechia
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Karolina Sipa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Borgul
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Konrad Rudnicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sławomira Skrzypek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Tavana B, Chen A. Determination of Drugs in Clinical Trials: Current Status and Outlook. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22041592. [PMID: 35214505 PMCID: PMC8875021 DOI: 10.3390/s22041592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
All pharmaceutical drugs, vaccines, cosmetic products, and many medical breakthroughs must first be approved through clinical research and trials before advancing to standard practice or entering the marketplace. Clinical trials are sets of tests that are required to determine the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical compounds, drugs, and treatments. There is one pre-phase and four main clinical phase requirements that every drug must pass to obtain final approval. Analytical techniques play a unique role in clinical trials for measuring the concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds in biological matrices and monitoring the conditions of patients (or volunteers) during various clinical phases. This review focuses on recent analytical methods that are employed to determine the concentrations of drugs and medications in biological matrices, including whole blood, plasma, urine, and breast milk. Four primary analytical techniques (extraction, spectroscopy, chromatography, and electrochemical) are discussed, and their advantages and limitations are assessed. Subsequent to a survey of evidence and results, it is clear that microelectromechanical system (MEMS) based electrochemical sensor and biosensor technologies exhibit several notable advantages over other analytical methods, and their future prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aicheng Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-8244120 (ext. 54764); Fax: +1-519-7661499
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Hatamluyi B, Sadeghian R, Sany SBT, Alipourfard I, Rezayi M. Dual-signaling electrochemical ratiometric strategy for simultaneous quantification of anticancer drugs. Talanta 2021; 234:122662. [PMID: 34364470 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel and unique ratiometric electrochemical sensing strategy for highly reliable and selective simultaneous quantification of Irinotecan (IRI) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been developed based on Pd-Au/MWCNT-rGO nanocomposite. Introduction of Pd-Au/MWCNT-rGO significantly improved the speed of electron transport, specific surface area, and electrical catalytic ability of sensing system due to synergistic effect of Pd-Au bimetallic nanoparticles and MWCNT-rGO hybrid structure. The assay strategy was based on the use of ferrocene (Fc) as reference electroactive substance and IRI and 5-FU as analytes with three oxidation peaks at different potentials (Fc at +0.20 V, IRI at +0.58 V, and 5-FU at +1.17 V). The oxidation peak currents of the IRI and 5-FU were gradually enhanced while that of Fc remained almost constant with continuous adding of IRI and 5-FU. By using IIRI/IFc and I5-FU/IFc signals as output, the designed ratiometric system showed good performance with a wide linear range of 0.05-40 μM for IRI and 0.05-75 μM for 5-FU and low detection limit of 0.0061 μM and 0.0094 μM for IRI and 5-FU, respectively. This study proved that ratiometric strategy is able to eliminate disturbance caused by the sensing environment and possess high sensitivity, reproducibility, stability, and selectivity toward anticancer drugs detection, over potential interferents as well as opens a new procedure for reliable and selective simultaneous analysis of other analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Hatamluyi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Sadeghian
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Belin Tavakoly Sany
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Iraj Alipourfard
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Tsotsou GE, Gkotzamani P, Petro V, Argyropoulou A, Karkalousos P. A simple, rapid and low-cost spectrophotometric method for irinotecan quantification in human plasma and in pharmaceutical dosage forms. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:258-266. [PMID: 33367449 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02201b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Irinotecan is an anticancer drug for which significant benefits from personalised dosing are expected. Quick procedures are therefore essential for monitoring irinotecan in treated patients. The objective of this work was to develop and validate a rapid and simple visible spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of irinotecan in pharmaceutical dosage forms and to further investigate its usefulness for irinotecan analysis in plasma. Based on the shift of the irinotecan 355/368 nm-peak at very low pH (0.2) to 400 nm, we established a linear relationship between absorbance at 400 nm and irinotecan concentration in dilutions of an irinotecan solution for injection (R2 ≥ 0.999) and in plasma containing irinotecan (R2 ≥ 0.995). Background absorbance correction at 455 nm was essential to minimise background interference, solely in plasma samples. We fully validated the assay for quality control of the irinotecan solution in the injection dosage form: the standard curve was linear over the concentration range of 0.90 to at least 37.00 μg ml-1. The CV% on all quality control levels was determined to be ≤5.81% for repeatability and ≤6.62% for intermediate precision. Recovery was between 96.5% and 101.9%. Upon comparison with the LC/UV method, we demonstrated very good agreement and acceptable bias between the two methods (slope 0.973, y-intercept 0.0064). Similarly, the technical parameters of the assay in plasma satisfied international guidelines for method validation: the useful analytical range was determined to be between 0.93 and at least 10.00 μg ml-1. This is suitable for quantifying irinotecan in the plasma of treated patients, in the upper region of its therapeutic window, to decide whether dose adjustment is required. Repeatability and intermediate precision (CV%) were within 4.49% and 9.91%, respectively. Recovery was between 96.3% and 103.8%. There was a lack of significant interference by mild hemolysis or by icterus. Irinotecan extraction efficiency from plasma was within 77.9-68.5%. Our results indicated that the proposed method allows quantitative determination of irinotecan plasma levels with acceptable analytical characteristics. The advantages of the proposed method in both matrices, in terms of specificity, rapidity, simplicity, environmental impact and cost effectiveness, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Eleni Tsotsou
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Cosmetology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Egaleo 122 43, Greece.
| | - Panagiota Gkotzamani
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Cosmetology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Egaleo 122 43, Greece.
| | - Victoria Petro
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Cosmetology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Egaleo 122 43, Greece.
| | - Ariadne Argyropoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Cosmetology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Egaleo 122 43, Greece.
| | - Petros Karkalousos
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Cosmetology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Egaleo 122 43, Greece.
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Puscasu A, Zanchetta M, Posocco B, Bunka D, Tartaggia S, Toffoli G. Development and validation of a selective SPR aptasensor for the detection of anticancer drug irinotecan in human plasma samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1225-1236. [PMID: 33404749 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assay for the quantification of antineoplastic drug irinotecan in human plasma samples has been developed for the first time. The selective binding of irinotecan with an aptamer receptor, operating in human plasma, allowed to set-up a novel analytical methodology to detect the drug in the analytical range of interest by using SPR as detection technique. After hybridizing the aptamer to the sensing platform and optimizing the sample preparation procedure, a quantitative assay was validated according to FDA regulatory guidelines. The analytical working range was found between 100 and 7500 ng mL-1 with negligible interferences from plasma components and co-medication associated with the administration of irinotecan. The utility of the new SPR assay was confirmed by analyzing plasma samples in parallel with LC-MS as reference technique, providing a new analytical tool for the therapeutic drug monitoring of irinotecan in patients under chemotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Puscasu
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, Aviano (PN), 33081, Italy
| | - Martina Zanchetta
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, Aviano (PN), 33081, Italy.,Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Bianca Posocco
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, Aviano (PN), 33081, Italy
| | - David Bunka
- Aptamer Group, Suite 2.78 - 2.91, Bio Centre, Innovation Way, Heslington, York, YO10 5NY, UK
| | - Stefano Tartaggia
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, Aviano (PN), 33081, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, Aviano (PN), 33081, Italy
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Bolat G. Investigation of poly(CTAB-MWCNTs) composite based electrochemical DNA biosensor and interaction study with anticancer drug Irinotecan. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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