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Batteau M, Bouju E, Ramirez-Romero A, Nuccio S, De Vaumas R, Delrue F, Faure K. Resolving phytosterols in microalgae using offline two-dimensional reversed phase liquid chromatography-supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2278-2285. [PMID: 38525815 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02261g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Sterols are unsaponifiable lipids resulting from plant metabolism that exhibit interesting bioactive properties. Microalgae are a major source of specific phytosterols, most of which are still not fully characterized. The similarity in sterol structures and the existence of positional isomers make the separation of phytosterols challenging. A method was developed based on an offline two-dimensional (2D) system, reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC)-supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC)/quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-ToF) mass spectrometry, for the identification of sterols in microalgae. Subsequent positive-mode MS/MS was used to confirm the identified phytosterols. The 2D chromatogram exhibited a pattern related to the positions of the double bonds, which were confirmed by standard injection, enabling structural elucidation. The analysis of the unsaponifiable fraction of two algae, namely Scenedesmus obliquus, a freshwater microalgae, and Padina pavonica, a marine macroalgae, highlighted the ability of the method to distinguish a large number of sterol isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Batteau
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 Rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Elodie Bouju
- Extrasynthese, Impasse Jacquard, F-69730 Genay, France
| | - Adriana Ramirez-Romero
- MicroAlgae Processes Platform, CEA, CEA Tech Région Sud - Provence-Alpes Côte d'Azur, F-13108, Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Sylvie Nuccio
- Extrasynthese, Impasse Jacquard, F-69730 Genay, France
| | | | - Florian Delrue
- MicroAlgae Processes Platform, CEA, CEA Tech Région Sud - Provence-Alpes Côte d'Azur, F-13108, Saint Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Karine Faure
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 Rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France.
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2
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Rasel AKMFK, Seyler SL, Hayes MA. A numerical study on microfluidic devices to maintain the concentration and purity of dielectrophoresis-induced separated fractions of analyte. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:4861-4873. [PMID: 37382654 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04795-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Determining the physical and chemical properties of biologically important particles such as cells, organelles, viruses, exosomes, complexes, nucleotides, and proteins is needed to understand their function. These properties are determined with common analytical tools (mass spectrometry, cryo-EM, NMR, various spectroscopies, nucleotide sequencing, etc.) whose function can be improved when samples are pure and concentrated. Separations science plays a central role in conditioning samples, ranging from low-resolution benchtop operations like precipitations or extractions to higher-resolution chromatography and electrophoresis. In the last two decades, gradient insulator-based dielectrophoresis (g-iDEP) has emerged as a high-resolution separation technique capable of highly selective enrichment of cells, viruses, exosomes, and proteins. Specific evidence has been shown that pure homogeneous and concentrated fractions of cells and exosomes can be generated from complex mixtures. However, recovering those fractions for analysis has not been developed, limiting the technique to an analytical rather than a preparative one. Here, a finite element analysis was undertaken to identify geometries and operational parameters to efficiently remove the enriched fraction while retaining maximum concentration and providing total mass transfer. Geometric factors (e.g., side channel width and distance from the gradient-inducing gap) were studied, along with the addition of a second inlet side channel. Two flow-generating mechanisms-electroosmosis and hydrostatic pressure-were evaluated for semi-optimized device designs, including a comparison of the one- and two-inlet designs. Simulations indicate effectively one hundred percent mass transfer and a concentration increase by an order of magnitude for several device configurations and operational parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean L Seyler
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Mark A Hayes
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
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3
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Si-Hung L, Izumi Y, Bamba T. First proof-of-concept of UC/HILIC for extending the versatility of the current art of supercritical fluid separation. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1240:340741. [PMID: 36641155 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC), a high-throughput separation technique, has been widely applied as a promising routine method in pharmaceutical, pesticides, and metabolome analysis in the same way as conventional liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Unified chromatography (UC), an advanced version of SFC, which applied gradient elution with mobile phase changing continuously from supercritical to subcritical and to liquid states, can further extend the SFC applications. UC mostly applying the popular mobile phase of 95%:5%/Methanol:Water with additives allows to analyze many hydrophilic compounds. However, many of phosphorylated metabolites or multi carboxylic acids show very poor peak shapes or even can't be eluted under UC conditions, thus hampering the UC's metabolome coverage. In this study, we proposed the first proof-of-concept of UC/HILIC, a novel strategy to extend the current UC metabolome coverage by employing an aqueous gradient right after the UC gradient on a single packed column in a single measurement. The proposed method showed significant improvement regarding the chromatographic performance and metabolome coverage, while still maintaining the precision and high throughput in comparison with conventional UC methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Si-Hung
- Division of Metabolomics/Mass Spectrometry Center, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Division of Metabolomics/Mass Spectrometry Center, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics/Mass Spectrometry Center, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Japan.
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4
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Mostafa ME, Grinias JP, Edwards JL. Supercritical Fluid Nanospray Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1825-1832. [PMID: 36049155 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical fluids are typically electrosprayed using an organic solvent makeup flow to facilitate continuous electrical connection and enhancement of electrospray stability. This results in sample dilution, loss in sensitivity, and potential phase separation. Premixing the supercritical fluid with organic solvent has shown substantial benefits to electrospray efficiency and increased analyte charge state. Presented here is a nanospray mass spectrometry system for supercritical fluids (nSF-MS). This split flow system used small i.d. capillaries, heated interface, inline frit, and submicron emitter tips to electrospray quaternary alkyl amines solvated in supercritical CO2 with a 10% methanol modifier. Analyte signal response was evaluated as a function of total system flow rate (0.5-1.5 mL/min) that is split to nanospray a supercritical fluid with linear flow rates between 0.07 and 0.42 cm/sec and pressure ranges (15-25 MPa). The nSF system showed mass-sensitive detection based on increased signal intensity for increasing capillary i.d. and analyte injection volume. These effects indicate efficient solvent evaporation for the analysis of quaternary amines. Carrier additives generally decreased signal intensity. Comparison of the nSF-MS system to the conventional SF makeup flow ESI showed 10-fold signal intensity enhancement across all the capillary i.d.s. The nSF-MS system likely achieves rapid solvent evaporation of the SF at the emitter point. The developed system combined the benefits of the nanoemitters, sCO2, and the low modifier percentage which gave rise to enhancement in MS detection sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elhusseiny Mostafa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - James P Grinias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - James L Edwards
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
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Ovchinnikov DV, Vakhrameev SA, Falev DI, Ul’yanovskii NV, Kosyakov DS. Rapid Simultaneous Quantification of 1-Formyl-2,2-Dimethylhydrazine and Dimethylurea Isomers in Environmental Samples by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27155025. [PMID: 35956973 PMCID: PMC9370278 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27155025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
When released to the environment, the rocket fuel unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) undergoes oxidative transformations, resulting in the formation of an extremely large number of nitrogen-containing transformation products, including isomeric compounds which are difficult to discriminate by common chromatography techniques. In the present work, supercritical fluid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) was proposed for resolving the problem of fast separation and simultaneous quantification of 1-formyl-2,2-dimethylhydrazine (FADMH) as one of the major UDMH transformation products, and its isomers—1,1-dimethylurea (UDMU) and 1,2-dimethylurea (SDMU). 2-Ethylpyridine stationary phase provided baseline separation of analytes in 1.5 min without the distortion of the chromatographic peaks. Optimization of SFC separation and MS/MS detection conditions allowed for the development of rapid, sensitive, and “green” method for the simultaneous determination of FADMH, UDMU, and SDMU in environmental samples with LOQs of 1–10 µg L−1 and linear range covering three orders of magnitude. The method was validated and successfully tested on the real extracts of peaty and sandy soils polluted with rocket fuel and UDMH oxidation products. It was shown that both UDMU and SDMU are formed in noticeable amounts during UDMH oxidation. Despite relatively low toxicity, UDMU can be considered one of the major UDMH transformation products and a potential marker of soil pollution with toxic rocket fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V. Ovchinnikov
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Core Facility Center “Arktika”, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Vakhrameev
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Core Facility Center “Arktika”, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
| | - Danil I. Falev
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Core Facility Center “Arktika”, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
| | - Nikolay V. Ul’yanovskii
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Core Facility Center “Arktika”, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Arkhangelsk 163000, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.V.U.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Dmitry S. Kosyakov
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Core Facility Center “Arktika”, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.V.U.); (D.S.K.)
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6
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Plachká K, Gazárková T, Škop J, Guillarme D, Svec F, Nováková L. Fast Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Interfacing Using Prediction Equations. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4841-4849. [PMID: 35274936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of makeup solvent composition in ultrahigh-performance supercritical fluid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization was studied using a set of 91 compounds, 3 stationary phases, and 2 organic modifiers of the mobile phase. The 24 tested makeup solvents included pure alcohols and methanol in combination with commonly used additives such as water, formic and acetic acid, ammonia, and ammonia salts with varying molarity. The behavioral trends for different makeup solvent additives were established in the first step. Subsequently, the correlations between physicochemical properties and the MS responses were calculated using the Pearson correlation test and matrix plots. The regression analysis was performed using five descriptors: molecular weight, pKa, log P, number of hydrogen donors/acceptors, and the MS responses obtained with methanol as the makeup solvent. The resulting regression equations had a high prediction rate calculated as R2-predicted coefficient, especially when 10 mmol/L ammonium in methanol was used as an organic modifier of the mobile phase in positive mode. The trueness of these equations was tested via the comparison between experimental and predicted responses expressed as R2. Values of R2 > 0.8 were found for 88% of the proposed equations. Thus, the MS response could be measured using only one makeup solvent and the responses of other makeup solvents could be easily estimated. The suitability and applicability of determined regression equations was confirmed by the analysis of 13 blind probes, i.e., compounds not included in the original set of analytes. Moreover, the predicted and experimental responses followed the same increasing/decreasing trend enabling one to predict makeup solvent compositions leading to the highest sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Plachká
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tat'ána Gazárková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Škop
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Frantisek Svec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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7
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Socas-Rodríguez B, Pilařová V, Sandahl M, Holm C, Turner C. Simultaneous Determination of Vitamin D and Its Hydroxylated and Esterified Metabolites by Ultrahigh-Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3065-3073. [PMID: 35138814 PMCID: PMC8867463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an analytical method has been developed that, for the first time, allows simultaneous determination of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 along with their hydroxylated and esterified forms. A group of 12 vitamin D analogues including vitamin D2 and vitamin D3, seven hydroxylated metabolites, and three ester forms were separated in a single 8.0 min run using ultrahigh-performance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization were investigated as ion sources, of which the latter showed a higher ionization efficiency. Chromatographic conditions were thoroughly evaluated by a step-by-step method, whereas an experimental design was applied for the optimization of the ionization parameters. Calibration and repeatability studies were carried out to validate the instrumental methodology showing determination coefficients higher than 0.9992 and good intra- and interday precision with relative standard deviations for areas and retention times lower than 10 and 2.1%, respectively, for all target analytes. Limits of quantification were below 3.03 μg/L for all compounds. The methodology was then validated and applied for the evaluation of human plasma samples in order to demonstrate its applicability to the analysis of vitamin D analogues in biological samples. Samples of five individuals were analyzed. Results show that linoleate-D3, vitamin D2, vitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D2, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 could be detected in most samples, while the two latter also were quantified in all analyzed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Socas-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Veronika Pilařová
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund 22100, Sweden.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Margareta Sandahl
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Holm
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Turner
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund 22100, Sweden
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8
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Gazárková T, Plachká K, Svec F, Nováková L. Current state of supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Parr MK, Botrè F. Supercritical fluid chromatography mass spectrometry as an emerging technique in doping control analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Si-Hung L, Bamba T. Current state and future perspectives of supercritical fluid chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Ovchinnikov DV, Ul’yanovskii NV, Falev DI, Kosyakov DS. Supercritical Fluid Chromatography–Mass-Spectrometry of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds: Atmospheric Pressure Ionization. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821140070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Sun M, Schoenmakers P. A compound post-column re-focusing approach in supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1660:462642. [PMID: 34808522 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Supercritical-fluid chromatography (SFC) is regaining popularity in various fields of analytical chemistry owning to significant advances in instrumentation made in the past decade. However, due to the CO2 based mobile phase and the high flow rates often employed, detection of trace amounts of analytes and coupling with certain detectors or other chromatography techniques are still difficult under many circumstances. In this study we propose a post-column re-focusing approach for SFC analysis to achieve not only signal enhancement in UV-Vis detection, but also actual concentration enhancement of the analyte. By heart-cutting and transporting a selected fraction from the SFC flow into a trapping column with a flushing solvent, re-focusing of the collected analytes can be achieved by re-mobilization with another solvent once the depressurized CO2 is eliminated. By carefully selecting the trapping stationary phase and the two solvents, signal-enhancement ratios between 2.2 and 6.4 were realized for four representative compounds eluting with very different percentages of SFC modifier (methanol). The actual concentration enhancement was lower (ratios between 1.7 to 2.9), because the UV response of the analytes was found to differ significantly under SFC and LC conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Sun
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Schoenmakers
- Analytical Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), The Netherlands.
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13
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Toribio L, Bernal J, Martín MT, Ares AM. Supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry: A valuable tool in food analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Hoang TPT, Ritter N, Rodier JD, Touboul D. A rapid and sensitive method for characterization and quantification of polyglycerol esters by supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (SFC-HRMS). Talanta 2021; 230:122316. [PMID: 33934781 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids (PGEs), a very complex mixture of various isomers, are widely used as green surfactants in different industrial fields such as in cosmetic, pharmaceutic and food industries. However, no study related to the purification and the absolute quantification of these compounds has been described yet. In this study, we developed a rapid and efficient method for characterization and quantification of PGEs using Supercritical Fluid CO2 coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (SFC-HRMS). The SFC conditions were first considered including the stationary phase, the nature of mobile phase, the column temperature, the back-pressure regulator. The MS parameters (drying-gas temperature, capillary voltage, nozzle voltage, fragmentor voltage) were then investigated to get the best sensitivity for the PGE analysis. The MS/MS-based structural characterization of targeted PGE, triglycerol mono-oleate (PG3+1C18:1), was established and is helpful to study complex mixtures of PGEs with numerous isobaric PGEs. PG3+1C18:1 was then purified at lab scale and used as standard for quantification. This enabled to develop a rapid quantification method for PG3+1C18:1 within 12 min with good linearity (R2 = 0.9997) as well as sensitivity (picogram level). The validated method was then successfully applied to quantify PG3+1C18:1 in commercial products in order to evaluate their composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Phuong Thuy Hoang
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Ritter
- Gattefossé, 36 Chemin de Genas, CS70070, 69804, Saint Priest Cedex, France
| | - Jean-David Rodier
- Gattefossé, 36 Chemin de Genas, CS70070, 69804, Saint Priest Cedex, France
| | - David Touboul
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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15
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Zwerger M, Ganzera M. Analysis of boswellic acids in dietary supplements containing Indian frankincense (Boswellia serrata) by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 201:114106. [PMID: 33962180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Boswellic acids, a class of triterpenes, are the bioactive constituents in Indian frankincense, an herbal drug with pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. In this study their separation and quantification in B. serrata extracts is reported for the first time by using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. Under optimized conditions, i.e. a Viridis HSS C18 SB column and carbon dioxide, methanol, acetonitrile and ammonium hydroxide as mobile phase, six boswellic acids could be separated in under 6 min. The assay fulfilled all validation criteria with coefficients of determination higher than 0.999, a wide linear range (30-1000 μg/mL), recovery rates from 97.1-103.0 %, excellent precision, and detection limits typical for SFC with UV-detection (≤ 5.5 μg/mL). The method could easily be hyphenated to mass spectrometry, which was helpful to tentatively assign further compounds (mainly derivatives of tirucallic acid) and to increase the assay's sensitivity. Its practical applicability was confirmed by analyzing several commercial products, which mainly contained β-boswellic acid as dominant triterpene, yet in extremely variable amounts ranging from 0.9 to 16.9 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zwerger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Ganzera
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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16
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Si‐Hung L, Bamba T. A review of retention mechanism studies for packed column supercritical fluid chromatography. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 2:47-67. [PMID: 38715740 PMCID: PMC10989630 DOI: 10.1002/ansa.202000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The packed column supercritical fluid chromatography has risen as a promising alternative separation technique to the conventional liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Although the packed column supercritical fluid chromatography has many advantages compared to other chromatographic techniques, its separation mechanism is not fully understood due to the complex combination effects of many chromatographic parameters on separation quality and the lacking of global strategies for studying separation mechanisms. This review aims to provide recent information regarding the chromatographic behaviors and the effects of the parameters on the separation, discuss the results, and point out the remaining bottlenecks in the packed column supercritical fluid chromatography retention mechanism studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Si‐Hung
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of BioregulationKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of BioregulationKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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17
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Hoang TPT, Touboul D. Comparison of internal energy distributions generated by supercritical fluid chromatography versus liquid chromatography hyphenated with electrospray high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461703. [PMID: 33234292 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The internal energy distributions of thermometer ions dissolved in supercritical and liquid solvents and produced in the gas phase by electrospray (ESI) were measured and compared by the survival yield method. The influence of different chromatographic conditions such as the nature of solvents, the composition of the mobile phase, the pressure of the back pressure regulator was studied for supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) whereas the influence of the composition and of the flow rate of the mobile phase was investigated for liquid chromatography (LC). The MS instrumental parameters were studied in parallel for SFC and LC showing that the drying gas temperature and the fragmentor voltage affected the internal energy distribution, whereas the capillary voltage did not modify the internal energy distribution. A comparison of the internal energy distributions generated by SFC and LC was carried out leading to conclude that SFC led to higher internal energy, i.e. more in-source fragment ions, than LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Phuong Thuy Hoang
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Touboul
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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Folprechtová D, Kalíková K. Macrocyclic glycopeptide‐based chiral selectors for enantioseparation in sub/supercritical fluid chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ansa.202000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Folprechtová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Květa Kalíková
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
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van de Velde B, Guillarme D, Kohler I. Supercritical fluid chromatography - Mass spectrometry in metabolomics: Past, present, and future perspectives. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1161:122444. [PMID: 33246285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics, which consists of the comprehensive analysis of metabolites within a biological system, has been playing a growing role in the implementation of personalized medicine in modern healthcare. A wide range of analytical approaches are used in metabolomics, notably mass spectrometry (MS) combined to liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography (GC), or capillary electrophoresis (CE). However, none of these methods enable a comprehensive analysis of the metabolome, due to its extreme complexity and the large differences in physico-chemical properties between metabolite classes. In this context, supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) represents a promising alternative approach to improve the metabolome coverage, while further increasing the analysis throughput. SFC, which uses supercritical CO2 as mobile phase, leads to numerous advantages such as improved kinetic performance and lower environmental impact. This chromatographic technique has gained a significant interest since the introduction of advanced instrumentation, together with the introduction of dedicated interfaces for hyphenating SFC to MS. Moreover, new developments in SFC column chemistry (including sub-2 µm particles), as well as the use of large amounts of organic modifiers and additives in the CO2-based mobile phase, significantly extended the application range of SFC, enabling the simultaneous analysis of a large diversity of metabolites. Over the last years, several applications have been reported in metabolomics using SFC-MS - from lipophilic compounds, such as steroids and other lipids, to highly polar compounds, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, or nucleosides. With all these advantages, SFC-MS is promised to a bright future in the field of metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas van de Velde
- VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Kohler
- VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Gordillo R. Supercritical fluid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry for metabolomics applications. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:448-463. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
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