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Su R, Gao Y, Chen L, Chen Y, Li N, Liu W, Gao B, Li Q. Utilizing the oxygen-atom trapping effect of Co 3O 4 with oxygen vacancies to promote chlorite activation for water decontamination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319427121. [PMID: 38442175 PMCID: PMC10945781 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319427121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous high-valent cobalt-oxo [≡Co(IV)=O] is a widely focused reactive species in oxidant activation; however, the relationship between the catalyst interfacial defects and ≡Co(IV)=O formation remains poorly understood. Herein, photoexcited oxygen vacancies (OVs) were introduced into Co3O4 (OV-Co3O4) by a UV-induced modification method to facilitate chlorite (ClO2-) activation. Density functional theory calculations indicate that OVs result in low-coordinated Co atom, which can directionally anchor chlorite under the oxygen-atom trapping effect. Chlorite first undergoes homolytic O-Cl cleavage and transfers the dissociated O atom to the low-coordinated Co atom to form reactive ≡Co(IV)=O with a higher spin state. The reactive ≡Co(IV)=O rapidly extracts one electron from ClO2- to form chlorine dioxide (ClO2), accompanied by the Co atom returning a lower spin state. As a result of the oxygen-atom trapping effect, the OV-Co3O4/chlorite system achieved a 3.5 times higher efficiency of sulfamethoxazole degradation (~0.1331 min-1) than the pristine Co3O4/chlorite system. Besides, the refiled OVs can be easily restored by re-exposure to UV light, indicating the sustainability of the oxygen atom trap. The OV-Co3O4 was further fabricated on a polyacrylonitrile membrane for back-end water purification, achieving continuous flow degradation of pollutants with low cobalt leakage. This work presents an enhancement strategy for constructing OV as an oxygen-atom trapping site in heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes and provides insight into modulating the formation of ≡Co(IV)=O via defect engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidian Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Gao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Chen
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong266042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Peking University, Beijing100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong266237, People’s Republic of China
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Liu N, Yao YY, Zhang J, Zhang JG, Wu C, Ouyang DJ, Zou CY, Yang ZQ, Li JX. Reduction characteristic of chlorobenzene by a newly isolated Paenarthrobacter ureafaciens LY from a pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plant. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3965. [PMID: 38457283 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
A highly efficient chlorobenzene-degrading strain was isolated from the sludge of a sewage treatment plant associated with a pharmaceutical company. The strain exhibited a similarity of over 99.9% with multiple strains of Paenarthrobacter ureafaciens. Therefore, the strain was suggested to be P. ureafaciens LY. This novel strain exhibited a broad spectrum of pollutant degradation capabilities, effectively degrading chlorobenzene and other organic pollutants, such as 1, 2, 4-trichlorobenzene, phenol, and xylene. Moreover, P. ureafaciens LY co-metabolized mixtures of chlorobenzene with 1, 2, 4-trichlorobenzene or phenol. Evaluation of its degradation efficiency showed that it achieved an impressive degradation rate of 94.78% for chlorobenzene within 8 h. The Haldane-Andrews model was used to describe the growth of P. ureafaciens LY under specific pollutants and its concentrations, revealing a maximum specific growth rate (μmax ) of 0.33 h-1 . The isolation and characterization of P. ureafaciens LY, along with its ability to degrade chlorobenzene, provides valuable insights for the development of efficient and eco-friendly approaches to mitigate chlorobenzene contamination. Additionally, investigation of the degradation performance of the strain in the presence of other pollutants offers important information for understanding the complexities of co-metabolism in mixed-pollutant environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Treatment and Resource, China National Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Treatment and Resource, China National Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Treatment and Resource, China National Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji-Guo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Treatment and Resource, China National Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Zhejiang Ecology and Environment Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Du-Juan Ouyang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chang-Yong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Treatment and Resource, China National Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Qiang Yang
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji-Xiang Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sugawara M, Watanabe T, Einaga Y, Koh S. Impact of gate electrode on free chlorine sensing performance in solution-gated graphene field-effect transistors. RSC Adv 2024; 14:7867-7876. [PMID: 38449821 PMCID: PMC10915591 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07692j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Free chlorine is widely used to disinfect water used for drinking and food processing. This requires highly sensitive, simple, and capable continuous-measurement sensors to enable the concentration of free chlorine in water to be monitored and controlled. Free chlorine sensors based on solution-gated graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) are a suitable platform for highly sensitive and continuous measurements. However, their sensing mechanisms require further elucidation to improve their performance. In this study, we focused on the gate electrode and investigated its influence on the sensing performance. Using the free chlorine sensor based on the solution-gate GFET, we showed that the Dirac point voltage in the transfer curve changed significantly as the free chlorine concentration changed, and the electric double-layer capacitance of the gate electrode decreased. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a solution-gated GFET using graphene or boron-doped diamond as the gate electrode could be used to detect changes in the free chlorine concentration in the concentration range of tap water. The sensing performance in the low concentration range benefits from the wide potential window of carbon-based electrodes, which do not have electrochemically active sites. Using these carbon-based materials as gate electrodes, GFETs have the potential to be used as durable sensors that are resistant to surface fouling and oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Sugawara
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Aoyama Gakuin University 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku Sagamihara 252-5258 Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Aoyama Gakuin University 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku Sagamihara 252-5258 Japan
| | - Yasuaki Einaga
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Shinji Koh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Aoyama Gakuin University 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku Sagamihara 252-5258 Japan
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4
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Hafez NS, Amer WA, Okba EA, Sakr MAS, Alganzory HH, Ebeid EZM. Novel ultra-sensitive and highly selective cyanine sensors based on solvent-free microwave synthesis for the detection of trace hypochlorite ions in drinking water. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123116. [PMID: 37459665 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of chlorine in drinking water disinfection with the determination of residual chlorine in the form of hypochlorite ion (ClO-) is in widespread demand. Several sensors including colorimetric, fluorometric, and electrochemical methods are currently in use, but detection limits and ease of application remain a challenge. In this work, two new cyanine derivatives-based ClO- sensors, that were prepared by solvent-free microwave synthesis, are reported. The two sensors are highly sensitive and selective to ClO-, exhibiting a noticeable color change visible to the naked eye. Additionally, the sensors can detect ClO- without interference from other potential water pollutants, with low detection limits of 7.43 ppb and 0.917 ppb based on absorption performance. When using fluorometric methods, the sensors' detection limits are pushed down to 0.025 ppb and 0.598 ppb for sensors I and II, respectively. The sensors can be loaded with paper strips for field and domestic detection of ClO- in tap water treatment installations. Using the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique, these sensors showed strong detection sensitivity to ClO-, with detection limits of 0.256 ppm and 0.09 ppm for sensors I and II, respectively. Quantum chemical studies using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, molecular electrostatic potential (MESP), and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) supported the findings. The sensing mechanism is rationalized in terms of radical cation formation upon ClO- oxidation of cyanine sensors I and II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen S Hafez
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Wael A Amer
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir 32038, Bahrain
| | - Ehab A Okba
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A S Sakr
- Center of Basic Science, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6(TH) of October City, Egypt
| | | | - El-Zeiny M Ebeid
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt; Center of Basic Science, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6(TH) of October City, Egypt
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5
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Jütte M, Wilbert JA, Reusing M, Abdighahroudi MS, Schüth C, Lutze HV. Reaction Mechanisms of Chlorine Dioxide with Phenolic Compounds─Influence of Different Substituents on Stoichiometric Ratios and Intrinsic Formation of Free Available Chlorine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:18846-18855. [PMID: 37276343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is an oxidant applied in water treatment processes that is very effective for disinfection and abatement of inorganic and organic pollutants. Thereby phenol is the most important reaction partner of ClO2 in reactions of natural organic matter (NOM) and in pollutant degradation. It was previously reported that with specific reaction partners (e.g., phenol), free available chlorine (FAC) could form as another byproduct next to chlorite (ClO2-). This study investigates the impact of different functional groups attached to the aromatic ring of phenol on the formation of inorganic byproducts (i.e., FAC, ClO2-, chloride, and chlorate) and the overall reaction mechanism. The majority of the investigated compounds reacted with a 2:1 stoichiometry and formed 50% ClO2- and 50% FAC, regardless of the position and kind of the groups attached to the aromatic ring. The only functional groups strongly influencing the FAC formation in the ClO2 reaction with phenols were hydroxyl- and amino-substituents in ortho- and para-positions, causing 100% ClO2- and 0% FAC formation. Additionally, this class of compounds showed a pH-dependent stoichiometric ratio due to pH-dependent autoxidation. Overall, FAC is an important secondary oxidant in ClO2 based treatment processes. Synergetic effects in pollutant control and disinfection might be observable; however, the formation of halogenated byproducts needs to be considered as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischa Jütte
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair of Environmental Analytics and Pollutants, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Janis A Wilbert
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair of Environmental Analytics and Pollutants, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marcel Reusing
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair of Environmental Analytics and Pollutants, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Mohammad Sajjad Abdighahroudi
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair of Environmental Analytics and Pollutants, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christoph Schüth
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Schnittspahnstr. 9, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, D-45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Holger V Lutze
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute IWAR, Chair of Environmental Analytics and Pollutants, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, D-45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
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6
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AlQarni AO, Mahmoud AM, Ali R, El-Wekil MM. Colorimetric and fluorometric dual-mode determination of hypochlorite based on redox-mediated quenching. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32492-32501. [PMID: 37928853 PMCID: PMC10624236 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05870k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have successfully created a dual-modal probe, labeled as of iron(ii)-ortho-phenanthroline/N, S@g-CDs, which combines both fluorometric and colorimetric techniques for the accurate and sensitive detection of hypochlorite (ClO-). The mechanism behind this probe involves the fluorescence quenching interaction between nitrogen and sulfur co-doped green emissive carbon dots (N, S@g-CDs) and the iron(ii)-ortho-phenanthroline chelate, utilizing both the inner filter effect and redox processes. As the concentration of ClO- increases, the iron(ii) undergo oxidation to iron(iii) as follows: Fe(ii) + 2HClO = Fe(iii) + Cl2O + H2O, leading to the restoration of N, S@g-CDs fluorescence. Simultaneously, the color of the system transitions gradually from red to colorless, enabling colorimetric measurements. In the fluorometric method with an excitation wavelength of 370 nm, the ClO- concentration exhibits a wide linear correlation with fluorescence intensity ranging from 0.07 to 220 μM. The detection limit achieved in this method is 0.02 μM (S/N = 3). In contrast, the colorimetric method exhibits a linear range of 1.12 to 200 μM, with a detection limit of 0.335 μM (S/N = 3). The proposed selective absorbance for this method is 510 nm. The probe has been effectively utilized for the detection of ClO- in various samples, including water and milk samples. This successful application showcases its potential for determining ClO- in complex matrices, highlighting its broad range of practical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali O AlQarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University Najran 11001 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf M Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University Najran 11001 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramadan Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk Tabuk 71491 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University Assiut Branch 71526 Egypt
| | - Mohamed M El-Wekil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut 71526 Egypt
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7
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Kishimoto A, Ohtsubo R, Okada Y, Sugiyama K, Goda H, Yoshikawa T, Kohno M, Fukui K. Elucidation of composition of chlorine compounds in acidic sodium chlorite solution using ion chromatography. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289534. [PMID: 37561805 PMCID: PMC10414608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
With the spread of coronavirus infections, the demand for disinfectants, such as a sodium chlorite solution, has increased worldwide. Sodium chlorite solution is a food additive and is used in a wide range of applications. There is evidence that chlorous acid or sodium chlorite is effective against various bacteria, but the actual mechanism is not well understood. One reason for this is that the composition of chlorine-based compounds contained in sodium chlorite solutions has not been clearly elucidated. The composition can vary greatly with pH. In addition, the conventional iodometric titration method, the N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulfate (DPD) method and the absorption photometric method cannot clarify the composition. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the composition of a sodium chlorite solution using absorption spectrophotometry and ion chromatography (IC). IC is excellent for qualitative and quantitative analysis of trace ions. Through this, we aimed to develop an evaluation method that allows anyone to easily determine the bactericidal power of sodium chlorite. We found that commercially available sodium chlorite solution is 80% pure, with the remaining 20% potentially containing sodium hypochlorite solution. In addition, when sodium chlorite solution became acidified, its absorption spectrum exhibited a peak at 365 nm. Sodium chlorite solution is normally alkaline, and it cannot be measured by the DPD method, which is only applicable under acidic conditions. The presence of a peak at 365 nm indicates that the acidic sodium chlorite solution contains species with oxidizing power. On the other hand, the IC analysis showed a gradual decrease in chlorite ions in the acidic sodium chlorite solution. These results indicate that chlorite ions may not react with this DPD reagent, and other oxidizing species may be present in the acidic sodium chlorite solution. In summary, when a sodium chlorite solution becomes acidic, chlorine-based oxidizing species produce an absorption peak at 365 nm. Sodium hypochlorite and sodium chlorite solutions have completely different IC peak profiles. Although there are still many problems to be solved, we believe that the use of IC will facilitate the elucidation of the composition of sodium chlorite solution and its sterilization mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayuta Kishimoto
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, College of System Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ohtsubo
- Department of Systems Engineering and Science, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuta Okada
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, College of System Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenta Sugiyama
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, College of System Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Toshikazu Yoshikawa
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Tanaka Monzen-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kohno
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, College of System Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama, Japan
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Tanaka Monzen-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Fukui
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, College of System Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Systems Engineering and Science, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama, Japan
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Abdighahroudi MS, Mutke XAM, Jütte M, Klein K, Schmidt TC, Lutze HV. Reaction of Chlorine Dioxide with Saturated Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles and Comparison with the Micropollutant Behavior in a Real Water Matrix. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11589-11601. [PMID: 35929822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a very selective oxidant that reacts with electron-rich moieties such as activated amines and thus can degrade specific N-containing micropollutants. N-containing heterocycles (NCHs) are among the most frequent moieties of pharmaceuticals. In this study, the reactions of ClO2 with ritalinic acid and cetirizine, two abundant micropollutants, and model compounds representing their NCH moiety were investigated. The pH-dependent apparent reaction rates of all NCHs with ClO2 were measured and modeled. This model showed that neutral amines are the most important species having reaction rates between 800 and 3200 M-1 s-1, while cationic amines are not reactive. Ritalinic acid, cetirizine, and their representative model compounds showed a high stoichiometric ratio of ≈5 moles ClO2 consumption per degraded ritalinic acid and ≈4 moles ClO2 consumption per degraded cetirizine, respectively. Investigation of chlorine-containing byproducts of ClO2 showed that all investigated NCHs mostly react by electron transfer and form above 80% chlorite. The reactions of the model compounds were well comparable with cetirizine and ritalinic acid, indicating that the model compounds indeed represented the reaction centers of cetirizine and ritalinic acid. Using the calculated apparent reaction rate constants, micropollutant degradation during ClO2 treatment of surface water was predicted for ritalinic acid and cetirizine with -8 to -15% and 13 to -22% error, respectively. The results indicate that in ClO2-based treatment, piperidine-containing micropollutants such as ritalinic acid can be considered not degradable, while piperazine-containing compounds such as cetirizine can be moderately degraded. This shows that NCH model compounds could be used to predict micropollutant degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sajjad Abdighahroudi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
- Institute IWAR, Chair of environmental analytics and pollutants, Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Xenia A M Mutke
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Mischa Jütte
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
- Institute IWAR, Chair of environmental analytics and pollutants, Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Katharina Klein
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
- IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, D-45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Holger V Lutze
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
- Institute IWAR, Chair of environmental analytics and pollutants, Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, D-45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
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9
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Houska J, Salhi E, Walpen N, von Gunten U. Oxidant-reactive carbonous moieties in dissolved organic matter: Selective quantification by oxidative titration using chlorine dioxide and ozone. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 207:117790. [PMID: 34740166 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of oxidants for disinfection or micropollutant abatement during drinking water and wastewater treatment is accompanied by oxidation of matrix components such as dissolved organic matter (DOM). To improve predictions of the efficiency of oxidation processes and the formation of oxidation products, methods to determine concentrations of oxidant-reactive phenolic, olefinic or amine-type DOM moieties are critical. Here, a novel selective oxidative titration approach is presented, which is based on reaction kinetics of oxidation reactions towards certain DOM moieties. Phenolic moieties were determined by oxidative titration with ClO2 and O3 for five DOM isolates and two secondary wastewater effluent samples. The determined concentrations of phenolic moieties correlated with the electron-donating capacity (EDC) and the formation of inorganic ClO2-byproducts (HOCl, ClO2-, ClO3-). ClO2-byproduct yields from phenol and DOM isolates and changes due to the application of molecular tagging for phenols revealed a better understanding of oxidant-reactive structures within DOM. Overall, oxidative titrations with ClO2 and O3 provide a novel and promising tool to quantify oxidant-reactive moieties in complex mixtures such as DOM and can be expanded to other matrices or oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Houska
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Salhi
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Walpen
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Urs von Gunten
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Chen L, Chen Z, Wang Y, Mao Y, Cai Z. Effective treatment of leachate concentrate using membrane distillation coupled with electrochemical oxidation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wirzberger V, Klein M, Woermann M, Lutze HV, Sures B, Schmidt TC. Matrix composition during ozonation of N-containing substances may influence the acute toxicity towards Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:142727. [PMID: 33129546 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Micropollutants reach the aquatic environment through wastewater treatment plant effluents. Ozonation, applied in wastewater treatment for micropollutants abatement, can yield transformation products (TP), which might be of ecotoxicological concern. Previous studies on TP formation were mostly performed in ultrapure water. However, the water matrix can have a substantial influence and lead to unpredictable yields of TPs with toxicological potential. In this study the acute toxicity (immobilization) of the parent substances (isoproturon and metoprolol) and also of available TPs of isoproturon, metoprolol and diclofenac towards Daphnia magna (D. magna) were investigated. Further, the acute toxicity of TP mixtures, formed during ozonation of isoproturon, metoprolol and diclofenac was evaluated in the following systems: in the presence of radical scavengers (tert-butanol and dimethyl sulfoxide) and in the presence of hypobromous acid (HOBr), a secondary oxidant in ozonation. For all tested substances and TP standards, except 2,6-dichloroaniline (EC50 1.02 mg/L (48 h)), no immobilization of D. magna was detected. Ozonated pure water and wastewater did not show an immobilization effect either. After ozonation of diclofenac in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide 95% (48 h) of the daphnids were immobile. Ozonation of parent substances, after the reaction with HOBr, showed no effect for isoproturon but a high effect on D. magna for diclofenac (95% immobilization (48 h)) and an even higher effect for metoprolol (100% immobilization (48 h)). These results emphasize that complex water matrices can influence the toxicity of TPs as shown in this study for D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Wirzberger
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Michelle Klein
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Marion Woermann
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany; Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Holger V Lutze
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany; Technical University Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Bernd Sures
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany; Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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