1
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Powell T, Widdowson P, Nägeli A, Ebner M, Creese A. GingisREX: A Complementary Enzyme for the Detection of Bacterial Proteins. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024. [PMID: 39392299 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Reliable enzymatic digestion underscores successful mass-spectrometry-based proteomics experiments. In this study, we compare the use of the arginine-specific protease, GingisREX, against a more traditional approach in the identification of Escherichia coli proteins. An increased number of protein identifications were noted when GingisREX was used compared to a trypsin/lys-C mixture. This improvement was attributed to the generation of fewer peptides per protein, resulting in a simpler peptide mixture. Furthermore, GingisREX exhibited increased digestion efficiency, fewer missed cleavages, and improved MS/MS data quality for higher molecular weight peptides. The data here establish GingisREX to be a protease complementary to trypsin for enhanced detection of bacterial proteins. With further optimization, GingisREX could prove to be an effective alternative to trypsin for identifying host cell proteins in biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Powell
- Immunocore Limited, 92 Park Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RY, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Martin Ebner
- Immunocore Limited, 92 Park Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Creese
- Immunocore Limited, 92 Park Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RY, United Kingdom
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2
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Tzani I, Castro-Rivadeneyra M, Kelly P, Strasser L, Zhang L, Clynes M, Karger BL, Barron N, Bones J, Clarke C. Detection of host cell microprotein impurities in antibody drug products. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8605. [PMID: 39366928 PMCID: PMC11452709 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are used to produce almost 90% of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody fusion proteins (Fc-fusion). The annotation of non-canonical translation events in these cellular factories remains incomplete, limiting our ability to study CHO cell biology and detect host cell protein (HCP) impurities in the final antibody drug product. We utilised ribosome footprint profiling (Ribo-seq) to identify novel open reading frames (ORFs) including N-terminal extensions and thousands of short ORFs (sORFs) predicted to encode microproteins. Mass spectrometry-based HCP analysis of eight commercial antibody drug products (7 mAbs and 1 Fc-fusion protein) using the extended protein sequence database revealed the presence of microprotein impurities. We present evidence that microprotein abundance varies with growth phase and can be affected by the cell culture environment. In addition, our work provides a vital resource to facilitate future studies of non-canonical translation and the regulation of protein synthesis in CHO cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Tzani
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Blackrock, Co, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marina Castro-Rivadeneyra
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Blackrock, Co, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Kelly
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Blackrock, Co, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lisa Strasser
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Blackrock, Co, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lin Zhang
- Bioprocess R&D, Pfizer Inc. Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barry L Karger
- Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Niall Barron
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Blackrock, Co, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Bones
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Blackrock, Co, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colin Clarke
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Blackrock, Co, Dublin, Ireland.
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
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3
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Long Z, Zhao Z, Fan X, Luo X. Comparison of analytical-flow, micro-flow and nano-flow LC-MS/MS for sub-proteome analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 252:116484. [PMID: 39353257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
The accurate and sensitive analysis of sub-proteomic samples, such as host cell proteins (HCPs) in recombinant products and stem cells in medical devices, is crucial for ensuring product safety and efficacy in the biopharmaceutical industry. However, current analytical techniques, such as conventional analytical-flow LC-MS/MS, face limitations in sensitivity due to the low concentrations of target proteins and the complexity of the sample matrix. In this study, a highly sensitive and repeatable micro-flow LC-MS/MS strategy was developed by replacing analytical-flow tubing with micro-flow tubing on an existing analytical-flow LC-MS system for sub-proteomic sample analysis. Method optimization and evaluation were first conducted with monoclonal antibody (mAb) digestion, focusing on enhancing sensitivity and repeatability. Over 8 days, relative standard deviations (RSDs) for retention time and mass area were less than 5 % and 10 %, respectively. Sensitivity improved by 2.91-4.14 times compared to the analytical-flow LC-MS/MS method. After confirming the reliability of the method, the micro-flow LC-MS/MS method was compared to the nano-flow LC-MS/MS method and the analytical-flow LC-MS/MS method in sub-proteomic sample analysis. For HCPs, the micro-flow LC-MS/MS method demonstrated superior qualitative and much better reproducibility than the nano-flow LC-MS/MS method, with more than 98 % of proteins showing intensity RSD values below 20 %. In the analysis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the micro-flow method demonstrated good reproducibility and better sensitivity than the analytical-flow method. Taking the analysis of the 20th generation of MSC products as an example, the sample analyzed by micro-flow LC-MS/MS resulted in the identification of 68 % and 8.5 % more peptides and proteins, respectively. Moreover, micro-flow maintained stable system pressure while analyzing umbilical cord stem cells, where nano-flow methods often encounter blockages. This micro-flow LC-MS/MS method is notable for its sensitivity, reproducibility, and straightforward operation, making it highly adaptable for diverse sub-proteomic analyses in biopharmaceutical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Long
- ThermoFisher scientific corporation, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Zixi Zhao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Institute for Medical Devices Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Xingliang Fan
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Institute for Medical Devices Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Xi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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4
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Tomioka R, Ogata K, Ishihama Y. Quantitation of Host Cell Proteins by Capillary LC/IMS/MS/MS in Combination with Rapid Digestion on Immobilized Trypsin Column Under Native Conditions. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2024; 13:A0152. [PMID: 39296308 PMCID: PMC11409222 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Host cell protein (HCP) impurities are considered a critical quality attribute of biopharmaceuticals because of their potential to compromise safety and efficacy, and LC/MS-based analytical methods have been developed to identify and quantify individual proteins instead of employing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to assess total HCP levels. Native digestion enables highly sensitive detection of HCPs but requires overnight incubation to generate peptides, limiting the throughput of sample preparation. In this study, we developed an approach employing native digestion on a trypsin-immobilized column to improve the sensitivity and throughput. We examined suitable databases for the identification of HCPs derived from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and selected RefSeq's Chinese Hamster as the optimal database. Then, we investigated methods to identify HCPs with greater efficiency than that of denatured in-solution digestion. Native in-column digestion not only reduced the digestion time from overnight to 10 min but also increased the number of quantified HCPs from 154 to 226. In addition to this rapid digestion methodology, we developed high-throughput LC/MS/MS with a monolithic silica column and parallel reaction monitoring-parallel accumulation-serial fragmentation. The optimized system was validated with synthetic peptides derived from high-risk HCPs, confirming excellent linearity, precision, accuracy, and low limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) (1-3 ppm). The optimized digestion and analysis method enabled high-throughput quantification of HCPs, and is expected to be useful for quality control and characterization of HCPs in antibody drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Tomioka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Pharmaceutical Technology Research Division, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ogata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishihama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
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5
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Kiyonami R, Melani R, Chen Y, Leon AID, Du M. Applying UHPLC-HRAM MS/MS Method to Assess Host Cell Protein Clearance during the Purification Process Development of Therapeutic mAbs. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9687. [PMID: 39273634 PMCID: PMC11396427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Host cell proteins (HCPs) are one of the process-related impurities that need to be well characterized and controlled throughout biomanufacturing processes to assure the quality, safety, and efficacy of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and other protein-based biopharmaceuticals. Although ELISA remains the gold standard method for quantification of total HCPs, it lacks the specificity and coverage to identify and quantify individual HCPs. As a complementary method to ELISA, the LC-MS/MS method has emerged as a powerful tool to identify and profile individual HCPs during the downstream purification process. In this study, we developed a sensitive, robust, and reproducible analytical flow ultra-high-pressure LC (UHPLC)-high-resolution accurate mass (HRAM) data-dependent MS/MS method for HCP identification and monitoring using an Orbitrap Ascend BioPharma Tribrid mass spectrometer. As a case study, the developed method was applied to an in-house trastuzumab product to assess HCP clearance efficiency of the newly introduced POROS™ Caprylate Mixed-Mode Cation Exchange Chromatography resin (POROS Caprylate mixed-mode resin) by monitoring individual HCP changes between the trastuzumab sample collected from the Protein A pool (purified by Protein A chromatography) and polish pool (purified by Protein A first and then further purified by POROS Caprylate mixed-mode resin). The new method successfully identified the total number of individual HCPs in both samples and quantified the abundance changes in the remaining HCPs in the polish purification sample.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ying Chen
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - A I De Leon
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - Min Du
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
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6
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Janc M, Zevnik K, Dolinar A, Jakomin T, Štalekar M, Bačnik K, Kutnjak D, Žnidarič MT, Zentilin L, Fedorov D, Dobnik D. In-Depth Comparison of Adeno-Associated Virus Containing Fractions after CsCl Ultracentrifugation Gradient Separation. Viruses 2024; 16:1235. [PMID: 39205208 PMCID: PMC11360810 DOI: 10.3390/v16081235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) play a pivotal role in the treatment of genetic diseases. However, current production and purification processes yield AAV-based preparations that often contain unwanted empty, partially filled or damaged viral particles and impurities, including residual host cell DNA and proteins, plasmid DNA, and viral aggregates. To precisely understand the composition of AAV preparations, we systematically compared four different single-stranded AAV (ssAAV) and self-complementary (scAAV) fractions extracted from the CsCl ultracentrifugation gradient using established methods (transduction efficiency, analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), quantitative and digital droplet PCR (qPCR and ddPCR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)) alongside newer techniques (multiplex ddPCR, multi-angle light-scattering coupled to size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-MALS), multi-angle dynamic light scattering (MADLS), and high-throughput sequencing (HTS)). Suboptimal particle separation within the fractions resulted in unexpectedly similar infectivity levels. No single technique could simultaneously provide comprehensive insights in the presence of both bioactive particles and contaminants. Notably, multiplex ddPCR revealed distinct vector genome fragmentation patterns, differing between ssAAV and scAAV. This highlights the urgent need for innovative analytical and production approaches to optimize AAV vector production and enhance therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Janc
- National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 121, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (D.D.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kaja Zevnik
- National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 121, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (D.D.)
| | - Ana Dolinar
- National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 121, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (D.D.)
| | - Tjaša Jakomin
- National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 121, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (D.D.)
| | - Maja Štalekar
- National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 121, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (D.D.)
| | - Katarina Bačnik
- National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 121, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (D.D.)
| | - Denis Kutnjak
- National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 121, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (D.D.)
| | | | - Lorena Zentilin
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Dmitrii Fedorov
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER) Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - David Dobnik
- National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 121, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (D.D.)
- Niba Labs d.o.o., Litostrojska cesta 52, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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7
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Kim JH. Intraocular inflammation as a major adverse event of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: from clinical trials to real-world practice. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024; 23:659-661. [PMID: 38696228 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2024.2351468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hui Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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8
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Limpikirati PK, Mongkoltipparat S, Denchaipradit T, Siwasophonpong N, Pornnopparat W, Ramanandana P, Pianpaktr P, Tongchusak S, Tian MT, Pisitkun T. Basic regulatory science behind drug substance and drug product specifications of monoclonal antibodies and other protein therapeutics. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100916. [PMID: 39035218 PMCID: PMC11259812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we focus on providing basics and examples for each component of the protein therapeutic specifications to interested pharmacists and biopharmaceutical scientists with a goal to strengthen understanding in regulatory science and compliance. Pharmaceutical specifications comprise a list of important quality attributes for testing, references to use for test procedures, and appropriate acceptance criteria for the tests, and they are set up to ensure that when a drug product is administered to a patient, its intended therapeutic benefits and safety can be rendered appropriately. Conformance of drug substance or drug product to the specifications is achieved by testing an article according to the listed tests and analytical methods and obtaining test results that meet the acceptance criteria. Quality attributes are chosen to be tested based on their quality risk, and consideration should be given to the merit of the analytical methods which are associated with the acceptance criteria of the specifications. Acceptance criteria are set forth primarily based on efficacy and safety profiles, with an increasing attention noted for patient-centric specifications. Discussed in this work are related guidelines that support the biopharmaceutical specification setting, how to set the acceptance criteria, and examples of the quality attributes and the analytical methods from 60 articles and 23 pharmacopeial monographs. Outlooks are also explored on process analytical technologies and other orthogonal tools which are on-trend in biopharmaceutical characterization and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patanachai K. Limpikirati
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology (PST) Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology (CUSB), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sorrayut Mongkoltipparat
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thinnaphat Denchaipradit
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nathathai Siwasophonpong
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wudthipong Pornnopparat
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Parawan Ramanandana
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology (PST) Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology (CUSB), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, 10540, Thailand
| | - Phumrapee Pianpaktr
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology (PST) Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology (CUSB), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Songsak Tongchusak
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology (CUSB), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Maoxin Tim Tian
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology (CUSB), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology (CUSB), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Division of Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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9
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Khalikova M, Jireš J, Horáček O, Douša M, Kučera R, Nováková L. What is the role of current mass spectrometry in pharmaceutical analysis? MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:560-609. [PMID: 37503656 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of mass spectrometry (MS) has become more important in most application domains in recent years. Pharmaceutical analysis is specific due to its stringent regulation procedures, the need for good laboratory/manufacturing practices, and a large number of routine quality control analyses to be carried out. The role of MS is, therefore, very different throughout the whole drug development cycle. While it dominates within the drug discovery and development phase, in routine quality control, the role of MS is minor and indispensable only for selected applications. Moreover, its role is very different in the case of analysis of small molecule pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals. Our review explains the role of current MS in the analysis of both small-molecule chemical drugs and biopharmaceuticals. Important features of MS-based technologies being implemented, method requirements, and related challenges are discussed. The differences in analytical procedures for small molecule pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals are pointed out. While a single method or a small set of methods is usually sufficient for quality control in the case of small molecule pharmaceuticals and MS is often not indispensable, a large panel of methods including extensive use of MS must be used for quality control of biopharmaceuticals. Finally, expected development and future trends are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Khalikova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Jireš
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, UCT Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Development, Zentiva, k. s., Praha, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Horáček
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Douša
- Department of Development, Zentiva, k. s., Praha, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kučera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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10
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Carvalho SB, Profit L, Krishnan S, Gomes RA, Alexandre BM, Clavier S, Hoffman M, Brower K, Gomes-Alves P. SWATH-MS as a strategy for CHO host cell protein identification and quantification supporting the characterization of mAb purification platforms. J Biotechnol 2024; 384:1-11. [PMID: 38340900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Host cell proteins (HCPs) are process-related impurities expressed by the host cells during biotherapeutics' manufacturing, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Some challenging HCPs evade clearance during the downstream processing and can be co-purified with the molecule of interest, which may impact product stability, efficacy, and safety. Therefore, HCP content is a critical quality attribute to monitor and quantify across the bioprocess. Here we explored a mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics tool, the sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment-ion spectra (SWATH) strategy, as an orthogonal method to traditional ELISA. The SWATH workflow was applied for high-throughput individual HCP identification and quantification, supporting characterization of a mAb purification platform. The design space of HCP clearance of two polishing resins was evaluated through a design of experiment study. Absolute quantification of high-risk HCPs was achieved (reaching 1.8 and 4.2 ppm limits of quantification, for HCP A and B respectively) using HCP-specific synthetic heavy labeled peptide calibration curves. Profiling of other HCPs was also possible using an average calibration curve (using labeled peptides from different HCPs). The SWATH approach is a powerful tool for HCP assessment during bioprocess development enabling simultaneous monitoring and quantification of different individual HCPs and improving process understanding of their clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia B Carvalho
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras 2780-901, Portugal; ITQB-NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Da República, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Ludivine Profit
- Mammalian Platform, Global CMC Development, Sanofi R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Sushmitha Krishnan
- Mammalian Platform, Global CMC Development, Sanofi R&D, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Ricardo A Gomes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras 2780-901, Portugal; ITQB-NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Da República, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Bruno M Alexandre
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras 2780-901, Portugal; ITQB-NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Da República, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Severine Clavier
- BioAnalytics, Global CMC Development, Sanofi R&D, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Michael Hoffman
- Mammalian Platform, Global CMC Development, Sanofi R&D, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Brower
- Mammalian Platform, Global CMC Development, Sanofi R&D, Framingham, MA, USA.
| | - Patrícia Gomes-Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras 2780-901, Portugal; ITQB-NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Da República, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal.
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11
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Tian Y, Wang X, Shao D, Zhao W, Chen R, Huang Q. Establishment and evaluation of detection methods for process-specific residual host cell protein and residual host cell DNA in biological preparation. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3986. [PMID: 38504442 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
To establish accurate detection methods of process-specific Escherichia coli residual host cell protein (HCP) and residual host cell DNA (rcDNA) in recombinant biological preparations. Taking the purification process of GLP expressed by E. coli as a specific-process model, the HCP of empty E. coli was intercepted to immunize mice and rabbits. Using IgG from immunized rabbits as the coating antibody and mouse immune serum as the second sandwich antibody, a process-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for E. coli HCP was established. Targeting the 16S gene of E. coli, ddPCR was used to obtain the absolute copies of rcDNA in samples. Non-process-specific commercial ELISA kit and the process-specific ELISA established in this study were used to detect the HCP in GLP preparation. About 62% of HCPs, which should be process-specific HCPs, could not be detected by the non-process-specific commercial ELISA kit. The sensitivity of established ELISA can reach 338 pg/mL. The rcDNA could be absolutely quantitated by ddPCR, for the copies of rcDNA in three multiple diluted samples showed a reduced gradient. While the copies of rcDNA in three multiple diluted samples could not be distinguished by the qPCR. Process-specific ELISA has high sensitivity in detecting process-specific E. coli HCP. The absolutely quantitative ddPCR has much higher accuracy than the relatively quantitative qPCR, it is a nucleic acid quantitative method that is expected to replace qPCR in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Tian
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongyan Shao
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Renan Chen
- Shaanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingsheng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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12
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Buckley C, MacHale C, Bones J. Quantitative analysis of residual aurintricarboxylic acid in biotherapeutic process streams using liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115798. [PMID: 37865022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) is an excipient that can be added to the therapeutic protein manufacturing process as a component of the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture media. ATA inhibits cell apoptosis and promotes cell growth in both serum-free and protein-free media. The addition of ATA is beneficial to the manufacturing process at the cell growth stage, however, residual ATA not consumed by cells can have toxicological effects on patients and its removal is required during downstream processing. To ensure manufacturing control and patient safety, the determination of residual ATA during downstream processing of biotherapeutics is required. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method for monitoring process clearance of ATA during downstream processing. Chromatographic separation of ATA was achieved using a 50 × 3 mm, 3 µm Imtakt Cadenza HS-C18 column and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in selected reaction monitoring mode was used for sensitive and specific detection. Linearity was assessed over a range of 62.5 ng/mL to 2000 ng/mL. Accuracy and precision were within 20% of the theoretical spike levels across the three concentration levels evaluated utilising two different antibodies, an IgG1 and an IgG4. Analyte specificity and selectivity were deemed acceptable based on no extraneous peaks detected. The method was successfully applied to monitoring process clearance of ATA in a tangential flow filtration (TFF) unit operation for downstream processing of monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran Buckley
- Eli Lilly Kinsale Limited, Dunderrow, Kinsale, Co. Cork P17 NY71, Ireland; School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Ciara MacHale
- Eli Lilly Kinsale Limited, Dunderrow, Kinsale, Co. Cork P17 NY71, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Bones
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 V1W8, Ireland; National Institute for Bioprocessing Research & Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, A94 X099 Co. Dublin, Ireland.
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13
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Koch LF, Best T, Wüstenhagen E, Adrian K, Rammo O, Saul MJ. Novel insights into the isolation of extracellular vesicles by anion exchange chromatography. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1298892. [PMID: 38312509 PMCID: PMC10836363 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1298892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane structures enclosed by a lipid bilayer that are released into the extracellular space by all types of cells. EVs are involved in many physiological processes by transporting biologically active substances. Interest in EVs for diagnostic biomarker research and therapeutic drug delivery applications has increased in recent years. The realization of the full therapeutic potential of EVs is currently hampered by the lack of a suitable technology for the isolation and purification of EVs for downstream pharmaceutical applications. Anion Exchange Chromatography (AEX) is an established method in which specific charges on the AEX matrix can exploit charges on the surface of EVs and their interactions to provide a productive and scalable separation and purification method. The established AEX method using Eshmuno® Q, a strong tentacle anion exchange resin, was used to demonstrate the principal feasibility of AEX-based isolation and gain insight into isolated EV properties. Using several EV analysis techniques to provide a more detailed insight into EV populations during AEX isolation, we demonstrated that although the composition of CD9/63/81 remained constant for tetraspanin positive EVs, the size distribution and purity changed during elution. Higher salt concentrations eluted larger tetraspanin negative vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon F. Koch
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tatjana Best
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Merck Life Science KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Meike J. Saul
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Universtiy Cancer Center Hamburg, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Henrion A, Arsene CG, Liebl M, O'Connor G. Label-free quantification of host cell protein impurity in recombinant hemoglobin materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:387-396. [PMID: 38008782 PMCID: PMC10761545 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis relies on pure-substance primary calibrators with known mass fractions of impurity. Here, label-free quantification (LFQ) is being evaluated as a readily available, reliable method for determining the mass fraction of host cell proteins (HCPs) in bioengineered proteins which are intended for use as protein calibration standards. In this study a purified hemoglobin-A2 (HbA2) protein, obtained through its overexpression in E. coli, was used. Two different materials were produced: natural and U15N-labeled HbA2. For the quantification of impurities, precursor ion (MS1-) intensities were integrated over all E. coli proteins identified and divided by the intensities obtained for HbA2. This ratio was calibrated against the corresponding results for an E. coli cell lysate, which had been spiked at known mass ratios to pure HbA2. To demonstrate the universal applicability of LFQ, further proteomes (yeast and human K562) were then alternatively used for calibration and found to produce comparable results. Valid results were also obtained when the complexity of the calibrator was reduced to a mix of just nine proteins, and a minimum of five proteins was estimated to be sufficient to keep the sampling error below 15%. For the studied materials, HbA2 mass fractions (or purities) of 923 and 928 mg(HbA2)/g(total protein) were found with expanded uncertainties (U) of 2.8 and 1.3%, resp. Value assignment by LFQ thus contributes up to about 3% of the overall uncertainty of HbA2 quantification when these materials are used as calibrators. Further purification of the natural HbA2 yielded a mass fraction of 999.1 mg/g, with a negligible uncertainty (U = 0.02%), though at a significant loss of material. If an overall uncertainty of 5% is acceptable for protein quantification, working with the original materials would therefore definitely be viable, circumventing the need of further purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Henrion
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Maik Liebl
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gavin O'Connor
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
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15
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Giordano E, Liori B, Cecchini I, Verani R, Leone L. In-house CHO HCPs platform: A promising approach for HCPs ELISA monitoring. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106656. [PMID: 38029932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
A key aspect that must be supervised during the development of recombinant therapeutic products is the potential presence of impurities. Residual host cell proteins (HCPs) are a major class of process-related impurities derived from the host organism that even in trace amount have the potential to affect product quality, safety, and efficacy. Therefore, the product purification processes must be optimized to consistently remove as many HCPs as feasible, with the goal of making the product as pure as possible. The workhorse of HCP monitoring and quantitation during bioprocessing manufacturing is sandwich ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), which employs polyclonal anti-HCP antibodies for both capture and detection. Commercial ELISA kits developed from Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines are widely applied in early drug development stages (preclinical, phase I, and phase II), but are not specifically designed for a given manufacturer's proprietary cell line, and users do not have control over reagent availability and lot-to-lot consistency. For later development stages, the upstream process-specific method is preferred to guarantee an improved sensitivity and coverage. In agreement with the USP General Chapter 〈1132〉, a platform assay can be used in place of the commercial one through all stages of product development, if already available when product development starts. This proof-of-concept study was carried out to demonstrate the feasibility and the advantages of the development of a proprietary CHO HCPs platform ELISA. Different proprietary mock materials have been characterized and compared by orthogonal bidimensional electrophoresis techniques (SDS-PAGE coupled to SS/WB and 2D DIGE) with the scope of selecting the best antigen-antibody couple for setting up the in-house ELISA. A preliminary evaluation of the in-house method performance has been done in comparison with the commercial assay, demonstrating that the platform method is promising for an accurate and precise CHO HCPs quantification during the early phase product and process development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giordano
- Analytical Development & Innovation NBE Department, Merck Serono S.p.A, Italy (an affiliate of Merck KGaA Darmstadt, Germany).
| | - Barbara Liori
- Analytical Development & Innovation NBE Department, Merck Serono S.p.A, Italy (an affiliate of Merck KGaA Darmstadt, Germany)
| | - Irene Cecchini
- Analytical Development & Innovation NBE Department, Merck Serono S.p.A, Italy (an affiliate of Merck KGaA Darmstadt, Germany)
| | - Roberta Verani
- Analytical Development & Innovation NBE Department, Merck Serono S.p.A, Italy (an affiliate of Merck KGaA Darmstadt, Germany)
| | - Lidia Leone
- Analytical Development & Innovation NBE Department, Merck Serono S.p.A, Italy (an affiliate of Merck KGaA Darmstadt, Germany)
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16
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Li X. Recent applications of quantitative mass spectrometry in biopharmaceutical process development and manufacturing. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115581. [PMID: 37494866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Biopharmaceutical products have seen rapid growth over the past few decades and continue to dominate the global pharmaceutical market. Aligning with the quality by design (QbD) framework and realization, recent advances in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) instrumentation and related techniques have enhanced biopharmaceutical characterization capabilities and have supported an increased development of biopharmaceutical products. Beyond its routine qualitative characterization, the quantitative feature of LC-MS has unique applications in biopharmaceutical process development and manufacturing. This review describes the recent applications and implications of the advancement of quantitative MS methods in biopharmaceutical process development, and characterization of biopharmaceutical product, product-related variants, and process-related impurities. We also provide insights on the emerging applications of quantitative MS in the lifecycle of biopharmaceutical product development including quality control in the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) environment and process analytical technology (PAT) practices during process development and manufacturing. Through collaboration with instrument and software vendors and regulatory agencies, we envision broader adoption of phase-appropriate quantitative MS-based methods for the analysis of biopharmaceutical products, which in turn has the potential to enable manufacture of higher quality products for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanwen Li
- Analytical Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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17
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Haltaufderhyde K, Roberts BJ, Khan S, Terry F, Boyle CM, McAllister M, Martin W, Rosenberg A, De Groot AS. Immunoinformatic Risk Assessment of Host Cell Proteins During Process Development for Biologic Therapeutics. AAPS J 2023; 25:87. [PMID: 37697150 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification and removal of host cell proteins (HCPs) from biologic products is a critical step in drug development. Despite recent improvements to purification processes, biologics such as monoclonal antibodies, enzyme replacement therapies, and vaccines that are manufactured in a range of cell lines and purified using diverse processes may contain HCP impurities, making it necessary for developers to identify and quantify impurities during process development for each drug product. HCPs that contain sequences that are less conserved with human homologs may be more immunogenic than those that are more conserved. We have developed a computational tool, ISPRI-HCP, that estimates the immunogenic potential of HCP sequences by evaluating and quantifying T cell epitope density and relative conservation with similar T cell epitopes in the human proteome. Here we describe several case studies that support the use of this method for classifying candidate HCP impurities according to their immunogenicity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian J Roberts
- EpiVax, Inc, 188 Valley St #424, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sundos Khan
- EpiVax, Inc, 188 Valley St #424, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Frances Terry
- EpiVax, Inc, 188 Valley St #424, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | | | - William Martin
- EpiVax, Inc, 188 Valley St #424, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Amy Rosenberg
- EpiVax, Inc, 188 Valley St #424, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Anne S De Groot
- EpiVax, Inc, 188 Valley St #424, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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18
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Ji Q, Sokolowska I, Cao R, Jiang Y, Mo J, Hu P. A highly sensitive and robust LC-MS platform for host cell protein characterization in biotherapeutics. Biologicals 2023; 82:101675. [PMID: 37028215 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Host cell proteins (HCPs) are a major class of process-related impurities that need to be closely monitored during the production of biotherapeutics. Mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a promising tool for HCP analysis due to its specificity for individual HCP's identification and quantitation. However, utilization of MS as a routine characterization tool is still limited due to the time-consuming procedures, non-standardized instrumentation and methodologies, and the limited sensitivity compared to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). In this study, we introduced a sensitive (limit of detection (LOD) at 1-2 ppm) and robust HCP profiling platform method with suitable precision and accuracy that can be readily adopted to antibodies and other biotherapeutic modalities without the need for HCP enrichment. The NIST mAb and multiple in-house antibodies were analyzed, and results were benchmarked with other reported studies. In addition, a targeted analysis method with optimized sample preparation for absolute quantitation of lipases was developed and qualified with an LOD of 0.6 ppm and precision of <15%, which can be further improved to an LOD of 5 ppb by using the nano-flow LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Ji
- Large Molecules Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Development & Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, PA, 19355, USA.
| | - Izabela Sokolowska
- Large Molecules Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Development & Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, PA, 19355, USA.
| | - Rui Cao
- Large Molecules Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Development & Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, PA, 19355, USA.
| | - Yulei Jiang
- Large Molecules Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Development & Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, PA, 19355, USA.
| | - Jingjie Mo
- Large Molecules Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Development & Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, PA, 19355, USA.
| | - Ping Hu
- Large Molecules Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Development & Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 200 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, PA, 19355, USA.
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19
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Qin X, Costa-Silva TA, Pessoa A, Long PF. A scoping review to compare and contrast quality assurance aspects of l-asparaginase biosimilars. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122523. [PMID: 36581108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
l-asparaginase is a first-line medicine used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Differing quality of marketed l-asparaginase biosimilars has been reported to adversely influence treatment outcomes. Herein, the quality of l-asparaginase biosimilars intended for clinical use was reviewed in sight of quality assurance parameters using English and Chinese language database searching, which provided information for possible improvements to the manufacture of this medicine. Ten articles met inclusion criteria, and quality attributes that measured potency, specific activity, purity and host cell proteins (HCPs) were identified. Biosimilars manufactured in high-income countries represented good quality in all aspects. Biosimilars manufactured in high-middle/middle-income countries, however, suggested poorer quality control particularly over removal of HCPs. Future work should now focus on establishing pharmacopeia monographs to establish equivalent quality assurance for l-asparaginase biosimilars manufactured between countries. Standardization of the quality profile, analytical methods and the limits of critical quality parameters, are essential to ensure appropriated efficacy and safety of clinical grade l-asparaginase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Qin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tales A Costa-Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul F Long
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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20
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Guo J, Kufer R, Li D, Wohlrab S, Greenwood-Goodwin M, Yang F. Technical advancement and practical considerations of LC-MS/MS-based methods for host cell protein identification and quantitation to support process development. MAbs 2023; 15:2213365. [PMID: 37218066 PMCID: PMC10208169 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2213365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Host cell proteins (HCPs) are process-related impurities derived from the manufacturing of recombinant biotherapeutics. Residual HCP in drug products, ranging from 1 to 100 ppm (ng HCP/mg product) or even below sub-ppm level, may affect product quality, stability, efficacy, or safety. Therefore, removal of HCPs to appropriate levels is critical for the bioprocess development of biotherapeutics. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis has become an important tool to identify, quantify, and monitor the clearance of individual HCPs. This review covers the technical advancement of sample preparation strategies, new LC-MS-based techniques, and data analysis approaches to robustly and sensitively measure HCPs while overcoming the high dynamic range analytical challenges. We also discuss our strategy for LC-MS-based HCP workflows to enable fast support of process development throughout the product life cycle, and provide insights into developing specific analytical strategies leveraging LC-MS tools to control HCPs in process and mitigate their potential risks to drug quality, stability, and patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, A Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Regina Kufer
- Pharma Technical Development Analytics, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Delia Li
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, A Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stefanie Wohlrab
- Pharma Technical Development Analytics, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | | | - Feng Yang
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, A Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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21
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Morales AM, Sreedhara A, Buecheler J, Brosig S, Chou D, Christian T, Das T, de Jong I, Fast J, Jagannathan B, Moussa EM, Nejadnik MR, Prajapati I, Radwick A, Rahman Y, Singh S. End-to-End Approach to Surfactant Selection, Risk Mitigation, and Control Strategies for Protein-Based Therapeutics. AAPS J 2022; 25:6. [PMID: 36471030 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A survey performed by the AAPS Drug Product Handling community revealed a general, mostly consensus, approach to the strategy for the selection of surfactant type and level for biopharmaceutical products. Discussing and building on the survey results, this article describes the common approach for surfactant selection and control strategy for protein-based therapeutics and focuses on key studies, common issues, mitigations, and rationale. Where relevant, each section is prefaced by survey responses from the 22 anonymized respondents. The article format consists of an overview of surfactant stabilization, followed by a strategy for the selection of surfactant level, and then discussions regarding risk identification, mitigation, and control strategy. Since surfactants that are commonly used in biologic formulations are known to undergo various forms of degradation, an effective control strategy for the chosen surfactant focuses on understanding and controlling the design space of the surfactant material attributes to ensure that the desired material quality is used consistently in DS/DP manufacturing. The material attributes of a surfactant added in the final DP formulation can influence DP performance (e.g., protein stability). Mitigation strategies are described that encompass risks from host cell proteins (HCP), DS/DP manufacturing processes, long-term storage, as well as during in-use conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Medina Morales
- Dosage Form Design and Development, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, 1 Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, USA.
| | - Alavattam Sreedhara
- Genentech, Pharmaceutical Development, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Jakob Buecheler
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Brosig
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danny Chou
- Compassion BioSolution, LLC, Lomita, California, 90717, USA
| | | | - Tapan Das
- Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Isabella de Jong
- Genentech, Pharmaceutical Development, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Jonas Fast
- Pharmaceutical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ehab M Moussa
- Drug Product Development, AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinios, 60064, USA
| | - M Reza Nejadnik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Indira Prajapati
- Dosage Form Design and Development, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, 1 Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, USA
| | | | - Yusra Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Shubhadra Singh
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Biopharmaceutical Product Sciences, Collegeville, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19426, USA
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22
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Auclair J, Rathore AS. Analytical Characterization of Host Cell Proteins (HCPs). LCGC NORTH AMERICA 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.na.mz3682s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Biotechnology products such as biopharmaceuticals, including biosimilars, are produced in living organisms or cells. A common phrase that we hear is “the process is the product.” Thus, this process of producing these products in living organisms presents several unique challenges to consider. One of those key challenges is the characterization of not only the product itself, but other impurities in the form of host cell proteins (HCPs) that may be present. To ensure that these HCPs do not have clinical implications, it is important to understand what they are. Therefore, in this column, we take a closer look at specific analytical technologies and tools to analyze these host cell proteins, with a specific focus on liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) approaches.
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