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Tsochatzis ED, Lopes JA, Kappenstein O. Study of the ionic strength effect on the migration of polyamide 6 and 66 oligomers into liquid simulants by a LC-qTOF-MS method. Food Packag Shelf Life 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.101015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Zhu J, Fan X, Han L, Zhang C, Wang J, Pan L, Tu K, Peng J, Zhang M. Quantitative analysis of caprolactam in sauce-based food using infrared spectroscopy combined with data fusion strategies. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Marangoni L, Fávaro Perez MÂ, Torres CD, Cristianini M, Massaharu Kiyataka PH, Albino AC, Padula M, Rodrigues Anjos CA. Effect of high-pressure processing on the migration of ε-caprolactam from multilayer polyamide packaging in contact with food simulants. Food Packag Shelf Life 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2020.100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Tsochatzis ED, Mieth A, Alberto Lopes J, Simoneau C. A Salting-out Liquid-Liquid extraction (SALLE) for the analysis of caprolactam and 2,4-di-tert butyl phenol in water and food simulants. Study of the salinity effect to specific migration from food contact materials. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1156:122301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Song HJ, Chang Y, Lyu JS, Yon MY, Lee HS, Park SJ, Choi JC, Kim M, Han J. Migration study of caprolactam from polyamide 6 sheets into food simulants. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:1685-1689. [PMID: 30483432 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0403-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Caprolactam, used in manufacturing polyamide (PA) 6, may threaten human health. Here, PA 6 sheets were produced by using a twin-screw extruder to evaluate its safety. Caprolactam migration concentrations from the PA 6 sheets into food simulants were evaluated according to the standard migration test conditions under the Korean Food Standards Codex (KFSC). Concentrations were investigated under various food simulants (distilled water, 4% acetic acid, 20 and 50% ethanol, and heptane) and storage conditions (at 25, 60, and 95 °C). Caprolactam migration concentrations into food simulants were determined as follows: 4% acetic acid (0.982 mg/L), distilled water (0.851 mg/L), 50% ethanol (0.624 mg/L), 20% ethanol (0.328 mg/L), and n-heptane (not detected). Migrations were determined to be under the regulatory concentration (15 mg/L) according to the KFSC test conditions. Taken together, these results verified that the standard migration test conditions by KFSC were reliable to evaluate the safety of PA 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Song
- 1Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjee Chang
- 2Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sou Lyu
- 1Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Yong Yon
- Nutrition Policy and Promotion Team, Korean Health Industry Development Institute, Osong, 363-951 Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng-Shin Lee
- Nutrition Policy and Promotion Team, Korean Health Industry Development Institute, Osong, 363-951 Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jong Park
- 4Food Additives and Packaging Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, 28159 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Chun Choi
- 4Food Additives and Packaging Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, 28159 Republic of Korea
| | - MeeKyung Kim
- 4Food Additives and Packaging Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, 28159 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejoon Han
- 1Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701 Republic of Korea.,2Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
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Kalinová JP, Tříska J, Vrchotová N, Novák J. Uptake of caprolactam and its influence on growth and oxygen production of Desmodesmus quadricauda algae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:518-523. [PMID: 26985739 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of polyamides produced from caprolactam is increasing continuously, and for that reason the danger of environmental contamination by this lactam is also rising. This study's aim was to evaluate the influence of caprolactam on the growth and oxygen production of the green alga Desmodesmus quadricauda and on caprolactam uptake by this alga. The presence of caprolactam in water was observed to cause the algae significantly to increase its oxygen production. Caprolactam concentration of 5,000 mg/L stopped algae growth after 6 days and influenced coenobia structure (seen as disappearance of pyrenoids, deformation of cells) but did not decrease the number of cells in the coenobia. Caprolactam uptake is probably passive but relatively rapid. Maximum concentration in the algae was reached after 18-24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Pexová Kalinová
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Studentská 13, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Tříska
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Isotopic Analyses, Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Naděžda Vrchotová
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Isotopic Analyses, Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Novák
- Institute of Complex Systems, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zámek 136, 373 33 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic
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Verification of presence of caprolactam in sprouted achenes of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench and its influence on plant phenolic compound content. Food Chem 2014; 157:380-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Amini A. Identification of ɛ-caprolactam, melamine and urea in polyvinylpyrrolidone powders by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 91:12-6. [PMID: 24412697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A sodium dodecyl sulfate micellar electrokinetic chromatography (SDS-MEKC) method for the simultaneous separation and identification of ɛ-caprolactam, melamine and urea deliberately added to polyvinylpyrrolidone (povidone) products has been developed. All samples to be analyzed contained paracetamol as an internal marker (IM). The optimized separations were performed in 50mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 2% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in fused silica capillaries with UV absorption detection at 200nm. The method was validated with respect to repeatability and intermediate precision, selectivity and robustness with satisfactory results. The relative migration times (RMT) were found to be between 0.03% and 0.13% for intra-day precision and between 0.50% and 0.60% for inter-day precision in four days. The detection limits were determined to be 1.3 (11.5μM), 0.4 (3.5μM) and 41μg/ml (0.4mM) for ɛ-caprolactam, melamine and urea, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amini
- Medical Products Agency, P.O. Box 26, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden; Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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