1
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Iqbal MW, Riaz T, Mahmood S, Liaqat H, Mushtaq A, Khan S, Amin S, Qi X. Recent Advances in the Production, Analysis, and Application of Galacto-Oligosaccharides. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2097255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tahreem Riaz
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shahid Mahmood
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Humna Liaqat
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domzale, Slovenia
| | - Anam Mushtaq
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sonia Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sabahat Amin
- National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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2
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Karimi Alavijeh M, Meyer AS, Gras SL, Kentish SE. Synthesis of N-Acetyllactosamine and N-Acetyllactosamine-Based Bioactives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7501-7525. [PMID: 34152750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
N-Acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) or more specifically β-d-galactopyranosyl-1,4-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine is a unique acyl-amino sugar and a key structural unit in human milk oligosaccharides, an antigen component of many glycoproteins, and an antiviral active component for the development of effective drugs against viruses. LacNAc is useful itself and as a basic building block for producing various bioactive oligosaccharides, notably because this synthesis may be used to add value to dairy lactose. Despite a significant amount of information in the literature on the benefits, structures, and types of different LacNAc-derived oligosaccharides, knowledge about their effective synthesis for large-scale production is still in its infancy. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of existing production strategies for LacNAc and important LacNAc-based structures, including sialylated LacNAc as well as poly- and oligo-LacNAc. We conclude that direct extraction from milk is too complex, while chemical synthesis is also impractical at an industrial scale. Microbial routes have application when multiple step reactions are needed, but the major route to large-scale biochemical production will likely lie with enzymatic routes, particularly those using β-galactosidases (for LacNAc synthesis), sialidases (for sialylated LacNAc synthesis), and β-N-acetylhexosaminidases (for oligo-LacNAc synthesis). Glycosyltransferases, especially for the biosynthesis of extended complex LacNAc structures, could also play a major role in the future. In these cases, immobilization of the enzyme can increase stability and reduce cost. Processing parameters, such as substrate concentration and purity, acceptor/donor ratio, water activity, and temperature, can affect product selectivity and yield. More work is needed to optimize these reaction parameters and in the development of robust, thermally stable enzymes to facilitate commercial production of these important bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karimi Alavijeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - A S Meyer
- Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Division, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - S L Gras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - S E Kentish
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Li N, Liu Y, Wang C, Weng P, Wu Z, Zhu Y. Overexpression and characterization of a novel GH4 galactosidase with β-galactosidase activity from Bacillus velezensis SW5. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9465-9477. [PMID: 34127264 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel galactosidase gene (gal3149) was identified from Bacillus velezensis SW5 and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The novel galactosidase, Gal3149, encoded by gal3149 in an open reading frame of 1,299 bp, was 433 amino acids in length. Protein sequence analysis showed that Gal3149 belonged to family 4 of glycoside hydrolases (GH4). Gal3149 displayed higher enzyme activity for the substrate 2-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (oNPG) than for 4-nitrophenyl-α-d-galactopyranoside (pNPαG). This is the first time that an enzyme belonging to GH4 has been shown to exhibit β-galactosidase activity. Gal3149 showed optimal activity at pH 8.0 and 50°C, and exhibited excellent thermal stability, with retention of 50% relative activity after incubation at a temperature range of 0 to 50°C for 48 h. Gal3149 activity was significantly improved by K+ and Na+, and was strongly or completely inhibited by Ag+, Zn2+, Tween-80, Cu2+, carboxymethyl cellulose, and oleic acid. The rate of hydrolyzed lactose in 1 mL of milk by 1 U of Gal3149 reached about 50% after incubation for 4 h. These properties lay a solid foundation for Gal3149 in application of the lactose-reduced dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China; Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyu Wang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Peifang Weng
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Zufang Wu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yazhu Zhu
- Zhejiang International Maritime College, Zhoushan 316021, People's Republic of China
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Arnold JW, Whittington HD, Dagher SF, Roach J, Azcarate-Peril MA, Bruno-Barcena JM. Safety and Modulatory Effects of Humanized Galacto-Oligosaccharides on the Gut Microbiome. Front Nutr 2021; 8:640100. [PMID: 33898497 PMCID: PMC8058378 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.640100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex dietary carbohydrate structures including β(1-4) galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are resistant to digestion in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract and arrive intact to the colon where they benefit the host by selectively stimulating microbial growth. Studies have reported the beneficial impact of GOS (alone or in combination with other prebiotics) by serving as metabolic substrates for modulating the assembly of the infant gut microbiome while reducing GI infections. N-Acetyl-D-lactosamine (LacNAc, Galβ1,4GlcNAc) is found in breast milk as a free disaccharide. This compound is also found as a component of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which have repeating and variably branched lactose and/or LacNAc units, often attached to sialic acid and fucose monosaccharides. Human glycosyl-hydrolases do not degrade most HMOs, indicating that these structures have evolved as natural prebiotics to drive the proper assembly of the infant healthy gut microbiota. Here, we sought to develop a novel enzymatic method for generating LacNAc-enriched GOS, which we refer to as humanized GOS (hGOS). We showed that the membrane-bound β-hexosyl transferase (rBHT) from Hamamotoa (Sporobolomyces) singularis was able to generate GOS and hGOS from lactose and N-Acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc). The enzyme catalyzed the regio-selective, repeated addition of galactose from lactose to GlcNAc forming the β-galactosyl linkage at the 4-position of the GlcNAc and at the 1-position of D-galactose generating, in addition to GOS, LacNAc, and Galactosyl-LacNAc trisaccharides which were produced by two sequential transgalactosylations. Humanized GOS is chemically distinct from HMOs, and its effects in vivo have yet to be determined. Thus, we evaluated its safety and demonstrated the prebiotic's ability to modulate the gut microbiome in 6-week-old C57BL/6J mice. Longitudinal analysis of gut microbiome composition of stool samples collected from mice fed a diet containing hGOS for 5 weeks showed a transient reduction in alpha diversity. Differences in microbiome community composition mostly within the Firmicutes phylum were observed between hGOS and GOS, compared to control-fed animals. In sum, our study demonstrated the biological synthesis of hGOS, and signaled its safety and ability to modulate the gut microbiome in vivo, promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms, including Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W. Arnold
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Hunter D. Whittington
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Suzanne F. Dagher
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jeffery Roach
- UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC Information Technology Services and Research Computing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- UNC Microbiome Core, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jose M. Bruno-Barcena
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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5
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Zeng L, Song S, Zheng Q, Luo P, Wu X, Kuang H. Development of a sandwich ELISA and immunochromatographic strip for the detection of shrimp tropomyosin. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1609912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zeng
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Song
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Pengjie Luo
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Bhatia L, Sharma A, Bachheti RK, Chandel AK. Lignocellulose derived functional oligosaccharides: production, properties, and health benefits. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:744-758. [PMID: 31050587 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1608446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass (LB) is the renewable feedstock for the production of fuel/energy, feed/food, chemicals, and materials. LB could also be the versatile source of the functional oligosaccharides, which are non-digestible food ingredients having numerous applications in food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical industries, and others. The burgeoning functional food demand is expected to be more than US$440 billion in 2022. Because of higher stability at low pH and high temperature, oligosaccharides stimulate the growth of prebiotic bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria. Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are major constituents of oligosaccharides consisting of 2-7 xylose monomeric units linked via β-(1,4)-linkages. XOS can be obtained from various agro-residues by thermochemical pretreatment, enzymatic or chemoenzymatic methods. While thermochemical methods are fast, reproducible, enzymatic methods are substrate specific, costly, and produce minimum side products. Enzymatic methods are preferred for the production of food grade and pharmaceutically important oligosaccharides. XOS are potent prebiotics having antioxidant properties and enhance the bio-adsorption of calcium and improving bowel functions, etc. LB can cater to the increasing demand of oligosaccharides because of their foreseeable amount and the advancements in technology to recover oligosaccharides. This paper summarizes the methods for oligosaccharides production from LB, classification, and benefits of oligosaccharides on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latika Bhatia
- a Department of Microbiology & Bioinformatics, Atal Bihari Vajpayee University , Bilaspur , India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- b Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era University , Dehradun , India
| | - Rakesh K Bachheti
- c Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University , Addis Ababa , Ethiopia
| | - Anuj K Chandel
- d Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena (EEL), University of São Paulo , Lorena , Brazil
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7
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Lee H, de Moura Bell JMLN, Barile D. Discovery of Novel High-Molecular Weight Oligosaccharides Containing N-Acetylhexosamine in Bovine Colostrum Whey Permeate Hydrolyzed with Aspergillus oryzae β-Galactosidase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3313-3322. [PMID: 30802048 PMCID: PMC6469674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMOs) that resemble human milk oligosaccharides are found in whey permeate, indicating that dairy streams can be used as a potential source of bioactive oligosaccharides. Recovery of oligosaccharides from whey permeate is hindered by their low abundance and high concentration of lactose. In the present work, lactose in bovine colostrum whey permeate was hydrolyzed by Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase to facilitate subsequent monosaccharide removal by membrane separation. Chromatographic separation coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed β-galactosidase degradation of several β-linkage-containing BMOs and production of novel oligosaccharides that ranged in size from 5 to 11 monosaccharide units containing several galactose repeating units and N-acetylhexosamine at their reducing ends. Optimization of BMO hydrolysis and separation methodology could generate high amounts of hetero-oligosaccharides for improved recovery of potentially biotherapeutic oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California—Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Juliana Maria Leite Nobrega de Moura Bell
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California—Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California—Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California—Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California—Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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8
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Dai Z, Feng S, Liu A, Wang H, Zeng X, Yang CS. Anti-inflammatory effects of newly synthesized α-galacto-oligosaccharides on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice. Food Res Int 2018; 109:350-357. [PMID: 29803460 PMCID: PMC5976246 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
α-Galacto-oligosaccharides have been reported to have beneficial health effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of a newly synthesized α-galacto-oligosaccharide mixture (α-GOSg), as well as raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. When administered in drinking water at 0.5% for 15 days, both α-GOSg and RFOs significantly decreased fecal hemoglobin content, partially prevented colon length shortening, reduced the severity of colon inflammation, and attenuated DSS-induced upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2. In addition, the activation of the inflammatory regulator nuclear factor-kappa B was slightly inhibited by α-GOSg. The results showed that the newly synthesized α-GOSg preparation has similar anti-inflammatory activities as RFOs in this colitis model. The anti-inflammatory activity of α-GOSg in humans remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Dai
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Simin Feng
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Anna Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chung S Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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9
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Biocatalytic strategies in the production of galacto-oligosaccharides and its global status. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:667-679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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10
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Yu L, O'Sullivan D. Immobilization of whole cells of Lactococcus lactis containing high levels of a hyperthermostable β-galactosidase enzyme in chitosan beads for efficient galacto-oligosaccharide production. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:2974-2983. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Usvalampi A, Maaheimo H, Tossavainen O, Frey AD. Enzymatic synthesis of fucose-containing galacto-oligosaccharides using β-galactosidase and identification of novel disaccharide structures. Glycoconj J 2017; 35:31-40. [PMID: 28905280 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-017-9794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fucosylated oligosaccharides have an important role in maintaining a healthy immune system and homeostatic gut microflora. This study employed a commercial β-galactosidase in the production of fucose-containing galacto-oligosaccharides (fGOS) from lactose and fucose. The production was optimized using experiment design and optimal conditions for a batch production in 3-liter scale. The reaction product was analyzed and the produced galactose-fucose disaccharides were purified. The structures of these disaccharides were determined using NMR and it was verified that one major product with the structure Galβ1-3Fuc and two minor products with the structures Galβ1-4Fuc and Galβ1-2Fuc were formed. Additionally, the product composition was defined in more detail using several different analytical methods. It was concluded that the final product contained 42% total monosaccharides, 40% disaccharides and 18% of larger oligosaccharides. 290 μmol of fGOS was produced per gram of reaction mixture and 37% of the added fucose was bound to fGOS. The fraction of fGOS from total oligosaccharides was determined as 44%. This fGOS product could be used as a new putative route to deliver fucose to the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Usvalampi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, P.O.Box 16100, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Hannu Maaheimo
- Technical Research Center of Finland, P.O.Box 1000, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Alexander D Frey
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, P.O.Box 16100, Espoo, Finland
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12
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Arreola S, Intanon M, Wongputtisin P, Kosma P, Haltrich D, Nguyen TH. Transferase Activity of Lactobacillal and Bifidobacterial β-Galactosidases with Various Sugars as Galactosyl Acceptors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2604-2611. [PMID: 26975338 PMCID: PMC4819807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b06009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The β-galactosidases from Lactobacillus reuteri L103 (Lreuβgal), Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus DSM 20081 (Lbulβgal), and Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20281 (Bbreβgal-I and Bbreβgal-II) were investigated in detail with respect to their propensity to transfer galactosyl moieties onto lactose, its hydrolysis products D-glucose and D-galactose, and certain sugar acceptors such as N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc), and L-fucose (Fuc) under defined, initial velocity conditions. The rate constants or partitioning ratios (kNu/kwater) determined for these different acceptors (termed nucleophiles, Nu) were used as a measure for the ability of a certain substance to act as a galactosyl acceptor of these β-galactosidases. When using Lbulβgal or Bbreβgal-II, the galactosyl transfer to GlcNAc was 6 and 10 times higher than that to lactose, respectively. With lactose and GlcNAc used in equimolar substrate concentrations, Lbulβgal and Bbreβgal-II catalyzed the formation of N-acetyl-allolactosamine with the highest yields of 41 and 24%, respectively, as calculated from the initial GlcNAc concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl
Lozel Arreola
- Food
Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU − University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences, Muthgasse
18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of the Philippines
Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Montira Intanon
- Food
Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU − University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences, Muthgasse
18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
- Department
of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pairote Wongputtisin
- Food
Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU − University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences, Muthgasse
18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty
of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Paul Kosma
- Division
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, BOKU − University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Food
Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU − University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences, Muthgasse
18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thu-Ha Nguyen
- Food
Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU − University of Natural Resources and
Life Sciences, Muthgasse
18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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13
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Li W, Wang K, Sun Y, Ye H, Hu B, Zeng X. Lactosucrose and its analogues derived from lactose and sucrose: Influence of structure on human intestinal microbiota in vitro. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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14
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Influences of structures of galactooligosaccharides and fructooligosaccharides on the fermentation in vitro by human intestinal microbiota. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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15
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Zeuner B, Jers C, Mikkelsen JD, Meyer AS. Methods for improving enzymatic trans-glycosylation for synthesis of human milk oligosaccharide biomimetics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9615-31. [PMID: 25208138 DOI: 10.1021/jf502619p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, significant progress has been made within enzymatic synthesis of biomimetic, functional glycans, including, for example, human milk oligosaccharides. These compounds are mainly composed of N-acetylglucosamine, fucose, sialic acid, galactose, and glucose, and their controlled enzymatic synthesis is a novel field of research in advanced food ingredient chemistry, involving the use of rare enzymes, which have until now mainly been studied for their biochemical significance, not for targeted biosynthesis applications. For the enzymatic synthesis of biofunctional glycans reaction parameter optimization to promote "reverse" catalysis with glycosidases is currently preferred over the use of glycosyl transferases. Numerous methods exist for minimizing the undesirable glycosidase-catalyzed hydrolysis and for improving the trans-glycosylation yields. This review provides an overview of the approaches and data available concerning optimization of enzymatic trans-glycosylation for novel synthesis of complex bioactive carbohydrates using sialidases, α-l-fucosidases, and β-galactosidases as examples. The use of an adequately high acceptor/donor ratio, reaction time control, continuous product removal, enzyme recycling, and/or the use of cosolvents may significantly improve trans-glycosylation and biocatalytic productivity of the enzymatic reactions. Protein engineering is also a promising technique for obtaining high trans-glycosylation yields, and proof-of-concept for reversing sialidase activity to trans-sialidase action has been established. However, the protein engineering route currently requires significant research efforts in each case because the structure-function relationship of the enzymes is presently poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Zeuner
- Center for BioProcess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark , Building 229, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Intanon M, Arreola SL, Pham NH, Kneifel W, Haltrich D, Nguyen TH. Nature and biosynthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides related to oligosaccharides in human breast milk. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 353:89-97. [PMID: 24571717 PMCID: PMC4107629 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are prominent among the functional components of human breast milk. While HMO have potential applications in both infants and adults, this potential is limited by the difficulties in manufacturing these complex structures. Consequently, functional alternatives such as galacto-oligosaccharides are under investigation, and nowadays, infant formulae are supplemented with galacto-oligosaccharides to mimic the biological effects of HMO. Recently, approaches toward the production of defined human milk oligosaccharide structures using microbial, fermentative methods employing single, appropriately engineered microorganisms were introduced. Furthermore, galactose-containing hetero-oligosaccharides have attracted an increasing amount of attention because they are structurally more closely related to HMO. The synthesis of these novel oligosaccharides, which resemble the core of HMO, is of great interest for applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montira Intanon
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sheryl Lozel Arreola
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Ngoc Hung Pham
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kneifel
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Quality Assurance Laboratory, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thu-Ha Nguyen
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Lactobacillus plantarum 70810 from Chinese paocai as a potential source of β-galactosidase for prebiotic galactooligosaccharides synthesis. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-1938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Recent developments in manufacturing oligosaccharides with prebiotic functions. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 143:257-95. [PMID: 23942834 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The market for prebiotics is steadily growing. To satisfy this increasing worldwide demand, the introduction of effective bioprocessing methods and implementation strategies is required. In this chapter, we review recent developments in the manufacture of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and fructooligosaccharides (FOS). These well-established oligosaccharides (OS) provide several health benefits and have excellent technological properties that make their use as food ingredients especially attractive. The biosyntheses of lactose-based GOS and sucrose-based FOS show similarities in terms of reaction mechanisms and product formation. Both GOS and FOS can be synthesized using whole cells or (partially) purified enzymes in immobilized or free forms. The biocatalysis results in a final product that consists of OS, unreacted disaccharides, and monosaccharides. This incomplete conversion poses a challenge to manufacturers because an enrichment of OS in this mixture adds value to the product. For removing digestible carbohydrates from OS, a variety of bioengineering techniques have been investigated, including downstream separation technologies, additional bioconversion steps applying enzymes, and selective fermentation strategies. This chapter summarizes the state-of-the-art manufacturing strategies and recent advances in bioprocessing technologies that can lead to new possibilities for manufacturing and purifying sucrose-based FOS and lactose-based GOS.
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Lu L, Xu S, Jin L, Zhang D, Li Y, Xiao M. Synthesis of galactosyl sucralose by β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus bulgaricus L3. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Isolation and identification of high viscosity-producing lactic acid bacteria from a traditional fermented milk in Xinjiang and its role in fermentation process. Eur Food Res Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Black BA, Lee VSY, Zhao YY, Hu Y, Curtis JM, Gänzle MG. Structural identification of novel oligosaccharides produced by Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus plantarum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:4886-4894. [PMID: 22497208 DOI: 10.1021/jf300917m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
β-Galactosidases (β-Gal) of lactic acid bacteria produce oligosaccharides from lactose when suitable acceptor carbohydrates are present. This study aimed to elucidate the structure of oligosaccharides formed by galactosylation of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and fucose. Crude cellular extract of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and LacLM of Lactobacillus plantarum were used as sources of β-Gal activity. Disaccharides obtained by galactosylation of GlcNAc were identified as Gal-β-(1→4)-GlcNAc or Gal-β-(1→6)-GlcNAc by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and comparison with external standards. Trisaccharides were identified as Gal-β-(1→6)-Gal-β-(1→[4 or 6])-GlcNAc by LC-MS, analysis of the MS/MS spectra of selected in-source fragment ions, and their relative retention times. LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of five galactosylated fucosides, but their linkage type could not be identified, partly due to the lack of reference compounds. β-Gal of lactic acid bacteria may serve as suitable tools for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of therapeutic oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna A Black
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6E 2P5, Canada
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Gänzle MG. Enzymatic synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides and other lactose derivatives (hetero-oligosaccharides) from lactose. Int Dairy J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Production of galactooligosaccharides and heterooligosaccharides with disrupted cell extracts and whole cells of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Int Dairy J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Smrtičová H, Čanigová M, Mastihubová M, Mastihuba V. Enzymatic preparation of melibiose and alkyl β-d-fructofuranosides by commercial lactase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Bridiau N, Maugard T. A comparative study of the regioselectivity of the β-galactosidases from Kluyveromyces lactis and Bacillus circulans in the enzymatic synthesis of N-Acetyl-lactosamine in aqueous media. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:386-94. [PMID: 21344676 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic synthesis of N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) was studied in aqueous media with high substrate concentrations using the transgalactosylation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), starting from lactose as a galactosyl donor. The efficiency and regioselectivity of the β-galactosidases from Kluyveromyces lactis (KlβGal) and Bacillus circulans (BcβGal) were compared. The reaction was optimized by varying the experimental conditions (pH, catalytic activity concentration, and mass concentration ratio of the substrates), which enhanced the synthesis yields with both enzymes and especially with BcβGal. BcβGal catalyzed the formation of the maximal LacNAc concentration obtained (101 mM or 39 g L(-1), corresponding to a yield of 11% on the basis of GlcNAc conversion), after 5 h at pH 6.5 and for a substrate mass concentration ratio of 1. This enzyme also gave an optimal synthesis yield of about 17.5%. No change in regioselectivity was observed when using KlβGal, whereas the regioselectivity of BcβGal proved to be subject to variations, the 1-4 and 1-6 linkages being favored under kinetic and thermodynamic control conditions, respectively. Finally, it was demonstrated that the N-acetyl-allolactosamine synthesized during the GlcNAc transgalactosylation catalyzed by BcβGal was a thermodynamic product and did not result from a chemical and/or enzymatic isomerization of LacNAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bridiau
- UMR 6250 CNRS-ULR, LIENSS, Equipe Biotechnologie Environnementale, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France
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