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Tarko T, Pater A, Januszek M, Duda A, Krankowski F. The Influence of Active Compounds of Chips Made from Different Wood Species on the Antioxidant, Oenological and Sensory Properties of Apple Wines. Molecules 2024; 29:2972. [PMID: 38998924 PMCID: PMC11243424 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29132972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Wood chips contain numerous active compounds that can affect the wine's characteristics. They are commonly used in red grape wines, whisky, cherry and brandy, but in fruit wines, production is not typically utilised. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of an oak barrel ageing with the effect of the addition of chips made from various types of wood (oak, maple, cherry, apple) and with various degrees of toasting to the apple wines on their antioxidant, oenological and sensory properties. The oenological parameters, the polyphenols content, antioxidant activity and content of volatile odour-active compounds were assessed. It was shown that ageing in the presence of wood chips had a less noticeable effect on the oenological and sensory parameters of the wine than barrel ageing. Moreover, wood chips used did not significantly affect the acidity, alcohol and extract content of apple wines. Wines aged in the presence of oak chips (particularly lightly toasted) exhibited the greatest increase in polyphenols, while the polyphenol content of wines aged in the presence of other chips was not dependent on their toasting degree. The ageing of fruit wines with wood chips influences the volatile profile and the olfactory sensations, which can improve their quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Tarko
- Department of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (M.J.); (A.D.); (F.K.)
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2
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Dumitriu (Gabur) GD, Sánchez-Suárez F, Peinado RA, Cotea VV, de Lerma NL, Gabur I, Simioniuc V. Metabolomics of Red Wines Aged Traditionally, with Chips or Staves. Foods 2024; 13:196. [PMID: 38254497 PMCID: PMC10814756 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditionally and alternatively aged wines' odour activity values (OAVs) are investigated to differentiate and highlight the differences between the selected methods. An analysis of the volatile aroma compounds of wines derived from ageing in barrels, oak chips, and staves was performed using stir bar sorptive extraction chromatography-mass spectroscopy (SBSE-GC-MS). The results showed that alcohols, esters, and oak compounds were the main contributors to aroma, and their OAVs were higher in the stave samples after 3 months than in the samples from the other two systems of ageing. Furthermore, wines aged with staves have stronger fruity, spiced, and woody aromas, while samples aged in barrels present more chemistry-driven, floral, caramelly, and creamy aromas. The staves-medium plus toast (SMPT at 3 months > 225) and chips-medium plus toast (CMPT at 3 months > 170) showed the highest levels of aromatic series, suggesting that alternative systems provided more powerful aromas than traditional systems, such as barrels-medium plus toast (BMPT at 3 months > 150). A principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) analysis, and cluster analysis allowed for a clear differentiation to be made between red wines according to ageing systems and ageing times. The odour activity values fingerprint in winemaking is a feasible approach to characterise and distinguish wines. Moreover, OAVs provide important information on the effects of production methods on wine quality and aroma profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Suárez
- Agricultural Chemistry, Soil Science and Microbiology Department, University of Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, N-IV Road, Km 396, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (F.S.-S.); (N.L.d.L.)
| | - Rafael A. Peinado
- Agricultural Chemistry, Soil Science and Microbiology Department, University of Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, N-IV Road, Km 396, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (F.S.-S.); (N.L.d.L.)
| | - Valeriu V. Cotea
- Faculty of Horticulture, Iasi University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (G.-D.D.); (V.V.C.)
| | - Nieves López de Lerma
- Agricultural Chemistry, Soil Science and Microbiology Department, University of Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, N-IV Road, Km 396, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (F.S.-S.); (N.L.d.L.)
| | - Iulian Gabur
- Department of Plant Science, Iasi University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Violeta Simioniuc
- Department of Plant Science, Iasi University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iasi, Romania;
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3
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D’Eusanio V, Morelli L, Marchetti A, Tassi L. Polyphenolic Compounds in Extracts from Roasted Grapevine Canes: An Investigation for a Circular Approach to Increase Sustainability in the Viticulture Sectors. Molecules 2023; 28:7676. [PMID: 38005398 PMCID: PMC10674344 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compared the polyphenolic composition of the roasted grapevine wood chips of four Vitis vinifera cultivars-namely, Sorbara, Grasparossa, Malbo Gentile, and Spergola. These waste byproducts have the potential as infusion chips for the aging of alcoholic beverages and vinegars, contributing to an enriched sensory profile. Roasting amplifies aromatic nuances and triggers the depletion of crucial bioactive compounds, including polyphenols. We investigated the extent of polyphenolic loss in the ethanolic extract of roasted grapevine chips to repurpose this waste byproduct and assess its potential. We assessed the levels of trans-resveratrol, trans-ε-viniferin, trans-piceatannol, and the main resveratrol trimer. Our findings indicated a significant decrease in polyphenol content as the roasting temperature increased, from 16.85-21.12 mg GAE/g for grapevine chips roasted at 120 °C to 3.10-7.77 mg GAE/g for those roasted at 240 °C. This study also highlights notable genotypic differences in polyphenolic content. Among the red grape cultivars analyzed, Sorbara exhibited the highest levels (7.77-21.12 mg/GAEg), whereas the white grape cultivar Spergola showed the lowest polyphenolic content (3.10-16.85 mg/GAEg). These findings not only contribute to the scientific understanding of polyphenol stability but also hold practical implications for the enhancement of aged beverages, as well as advancing sustainable practices in the viticulture industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica D’Eusanio
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (L.M.); (A.M.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Morelli
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (L.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (L.M.); (A.M.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center BIOGEST-SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tassi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (L.M.); (A.M.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center BIOGEST-SITEIA, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy
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4
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The Impact of Compounds Extracted from Wood on the Quality of Alcoholic Beverages. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020620. [PMID: 36677678 PMCID: PMC9866382 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of some alcoholic beverages very often requires the use of wood from various tree species to improve the quality parameters (smell, taste, and color) of the drink. The review discusses the types of wood used in the production of wines, beers, and flavored vodkas. Changes occurring in wood during the process of toasting barrels or wood chips are described. The compounds derived from wood that shape the aroma, taste, and color of alcoholic beverages are presented. Depending on their origin, they were classified into compounds naturally occurring in wood and those formed as a result of the thermal treatment of wood. Next, the influence of the presence of wood on the quality of alcoholic beverages was described, with particular emphasis on wine, beer, whisky, and brandy. The final part of the article presents innovative techniques using wood to impart qualitative features to alcoholic beverages.
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5
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Ma T, Wang J, Wang H, Zhao Q, Zhang F, Ge Q, Li C, Gamboa GG, Fang Y, Sun X. Wine aging and artificial simulated wine aging: Technologies, applications, challenges, and perspectives. Food Res Int 2022; 153:110953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.110953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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6
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Pavez C, González-Muñoz B, O'Brien JA, Laurie VF, Osorio F, Núñez E, Vega RE, Bordeu E, Brossard N. Red wine astringency: Correlations between chemical and sensory features. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Solar S, Castro R, Guerrero ED. New Accelerating Techniques Applied to the Ageing of Oenological Products. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1934009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Solar
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences-IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Remedios Castro
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences-IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Enrique Durán Guerrero
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences-IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, Cadiz, Spain
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8
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Schwarz M, Rodríguez-Dodero MC, Jurado MS, Puertas B, G. Barroso C, Guillén DA. Analytical Characterization and Sensory Analysis of Distillates of Different Varieties of Grapes Aged by an Accelerated Method. Foods 2020; 9:foods9030277. [PMID: 32138227 PMCID: PMC7143227 DOI: 10.3390/foods9030277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The wine spirits used for the elaboration of Brandy de Jerez are mainly obtained from wines produced from the Airén type of grape, which comes from the vineyards located in the region of La Mancha (Central Spain). This entails a limitation when achieving a product classified as “protected geographic designation”. For that purpose, it is necessary that the grape used for the wine spirit comes from the area and not from Castile la Mancha, as has happened until now. Due to this fact, it is necessary to search for a possible alternative grape variety which allows the produced brandy to be eligible for a “protected geographic designation”. For that purpose, an accelerated ageing process has been implemented with a method previously optimized to distillates obtained from wines from different varieties of grapes (Airén, Colombard, Corredera, Doradilla, Garrido Fino, Jaén blanco, Moscatel de Alejandría, Palomino Fino, Ugni Blanc, and Zalema) grown in the Jerez Area. They were evaluated, both from the analytical and sensory points of view. The distillates made from Jaén Blanco and Zalema have properties that make them interesting for future development and incorporation into oenological practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Schwarz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Vitivinícolas y Agroalimentarias (Wine and Agrifood Research Institute) Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, P.O. Box 40, Pol. Río San Pedro, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (M.C.R.-D.); (C.G.B.); (D.A.G.)
- “Salus Infirmorum” Faculty of Nursing, University of Cadiz, 11001 Cadiz, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9560-16363; Fax: +34-9560-16460
| | - M. Carmen Rodríguez-Dodero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Vitivinícolas y Agroalimentarias (Wine and Agrifood Research Institute) Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, P.O. Box 40, Pol. Río San Pedro, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (M.C.R.-D.); (C.G.B.); (D.A.G.)
| | - M. Soledad Jurado
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Centro Rancho de la Merced, Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Desarrollo Sostenible, Junta de Andalucía, 11471 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain; (M.S.J.); (B.P.)
| | - Belén Puertas
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Centro Rancho de la Merced, Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Desarrollo Sostenible, Junta de Andalucía, 11471 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain; (M.S.J.); (B.P.)
| | - Carmelo G. Barroso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Vitivinícolas y Agroalimentarias (Wine and Agrifood Research Institute) Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, P.O. Box 40, Pol. Río San Pedro, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (M.C.R.-D.); (C.G.B.); (D.A.G.)
| | - Dominico A. Guillén
- Instituto de Investigaciones Vitivinícolas y Agroalimentarias (Wine and Agrifood Research Institute) Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cádiz, P.O. Box 40, Pol. Río San Pedro, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (M.C.R.-D.); (C.G.B.); (D.A.G.)
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9
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Dumitriu (Gabur) GD, Teodosiu C, Gabur I, Cotea VV, Peinado RA, López de Lerma N. Evaluation of Aroma Compounds in the Process of Wine Ageing with Oak Chips. Foods 2019; 8:E662. [PMID: 31835490 PMCID: PMC6963919 DOI: 10.3390/foods8120662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many modern alcoholic beverages are subjected to ageing processes during which compounds extracted from wood contribute decisively to the overall beverage character. Wines represent a perfect example of beverage in which ageing is a crucial technological manufacturing step. During winemaking, producers accelerate chemical changes in wine composition by traditional and alternative methods, such as the use of oak wood barrels and/or oak wood chips. Our research aimed to investigate the overall volatile composition and sensory quality of red wines aged for two timeframes, namely, 1.5 and 3 months, and with two technological variants, i.e., American and French oak wood chips. Red grapes from the Fetească neagră (Vitis vinifera) variety were harvested from a vineyard in the North-East region of Romania. Stir bar sorptive extraction and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (SBSE-GC-MS) was used to extract minor aromas present in wine samples. The results showed clear differences between wines treated with American and French oak chips. Furthermore, ageing for 3 months increased the concentration of cis-whiskey lactone and guaiacol in American oak-treated wine samples. For wines aged with French oak chips, we observed higher concentrations of furfural, 5-methylfurfural, 4-vinylguaiacol, and trans-whiskey lactone. The increased presence of chemical compounds in wine aged with French oak chips generated prominent smoky, licorice, and toasty aromas, whereas in wines aged with American oak chips, notes of vanilla, toasty, and cacao aromas were noticed. Moreover, red wines aged with American and French oak chips were discriminated by chemometric analysis, which confirmed the evolution of aroma compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Teodosiu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Iulian Gabur
- Department of Plant Science, Ion Ionescu de la Brad University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iasi, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Valeriu V. Cotea
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Ion Ionescu de la Brad University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iasi, 700490 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Rafael A. Peinado
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Nieves López de Lerma
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
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10
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Martínez-Gil AM, Del Alamo-Sanza M, Nevares I, Sánchez-Gómez R, Gallego L. Effect of size, seasoning and toasting level of Quercus pyrenaica Willd. wood on wine phenolic composition during maturation process with micro-oxygenation. Food Res Int 2019; 128:108703. [PMID: 31955781 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Seasoning and toasting treatments carried out in cooperage influence the chemical composition of the oak, and these treatments affect different oak species in different ways. For this reason, numerous studies have focused on the evaluation of both the oak wood materials and the resulting aged wines in order to optimize the different cooperage processes. Seasoning involves immobilizing the wood for long periods of time, leading to an increase in the price of the final product. When using alternative products instead of barrels, in addition to the seasoning and toasting of the wood, the size of the wood pieces is a determining factor in the characteristics of the final wine. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the polyphenolic composition of the same red wine aged with different alternative products and a small amount of oxygen for 120 days. Specifically, the effect of 2 types of seasoning and 3 types of toasting of chips and staves made from the wood of Q. pyrenaica Willd. was studied. The results showed that the size of the alternative product was the factor that determines the phenolic composition of the wines over the entire ageing process, independent of the seasoning or toasting method carried out on the wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Martínez-Gil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, UVaMOX - Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Maria Del Alamo-Sanza
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, UVaMOX - Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Nevares
- Department of Agroforestry Engineering, UVaMOX - Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Rosario Sánchez-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, UVaMOX - Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Laura Gallego
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, UVaMOX - Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain
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11
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Dumitriu Gabur GD, Peinado RA, Cotea VV, López de Lerma N. Volatilome fingerprint of red wines aged with chips or staves: Influence of the aging time and toasting degree. Food Chem 2019; 310:125801. [PMID: 31711813 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The influence on aroma compounds chips or staves and toasting degree have been analyzed in red wines aged for two periods of time. Ethyl propanoate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, isobutanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, E-2-hexenol, octanal, nonanal, decanal, γ-nonalactone, furfural, 5-methylfurfural, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol and cis-whiskey lactone were the compounds that contribute the most to the aroma series profile. By means of principal components analysis, esters were related to the aging time; cis-whiskey lactone with the type of wood pieces and octanal, 5-methyl furfural and cis-whiskey lactone with the toasting degree. Star plot show that woody aroma compounds are dominant in wines aged with low toasting degree oak pieces, whereas medium plus toasted pieces increased the concentration of aroma compounds with fruity aroma descriptors. Wines with prominent fruity or woody aromas can be obtained depending upon the degree of toasting of wood pieces used for aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana-Diana Dumitriu Gabur
- Department Environmental Engineering and Management, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University Iasi, Romania
| | - Rafael A Peinado
- Agricultural Chemistry Department, Building Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Valeriu V Cotea
- Viticulture and Oenology Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iași, Romania.
| | - Nieves López de Lerma
- Agricultural Chemistry Department, Building Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
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12
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Polyphenol Fingerprinting Approaches in Wine Traceability and Authenticity: Assessment and Implications of Red Wines. BEVERAGES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages4040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Like any other food/feed matrix, regardless of the employed analytical method, wine requires authentication strategies; a suitable qualitative and quantitative analysis represents the fingerprint which defines its identity. Until recently, fingerprinting approaches using liquid chromatography applications have been regarded as an effective tool for the assessment of wines employing polyphenol profiles. These profiles are of considerable importance for grapes and wines as they influence greatly the color, sensory, and nutritional quality of the final product. The authenticity and typicity characters are fundamental characteristics, which may be evaluated by the use of polyphenol fingerprinting techniques. Under these conditions, the evolution of polyphenols during the red wine elaboration and maturation processes shows a high importance at the level of the obtained fingerprints. Moreover, the environment factors (vintage, the area of origin, and variety) and the technological conditions significantly influence wine authenticity through the use of polyphenol profiles. Taking into account the complexity of the matter at hand, this review outlines the latest trends in the polyphenol fingerprinting of red wines in association with the transformations that occur during winemaking and storage.
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13
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Niu M, Huang J, Jin Y, Wu C, Zhou R. Volatiles and antioxidant activity of fermented Goji ( Lycium Chinese) wine: Effect of different oak matrix (barrel, shavings and chips). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1362649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meican Niu
- Department of Biomass and Leather Engineering, College of Light Industry, Textile & Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Biomass and Leather Engineering, College of Light Industry, Textile & Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Jin
- Department of Biomass and Leather Engineering, College of Light Industry, Textile & Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongde Wu
- Department of Biomass and Leather Engineering, College of Light Industry, Textile & Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongqing Zhou
- Department of Biomass and Leather Engineering, College of Light Industry, Textile & Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou, China
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