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Tripodi G, Cappelli A, Ferluga M, Dima G, Zaninelli M. GC-MS and Sensory Analysis of Aqueous Extracts of Monovarietal American Hops, Produced Using the Synergy Pure™ Extraction Technique. Foods 2024; 13:2454. [PMID: 39123645 PMCID: PMC11311985 DOI: 10.3390/foods13152454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aqueous extracts from four different American hops varieties (Mosaic, Chinook, Citra, and Centennial) were produced using the Synergy Pure technique, an innovative extraction distillation process developed by Synergy Flavours, a global specialist in the manufacturing of flavors, extracts and essences. This process is able to preserve and maximize the aromatic characteristics without increasing the bitterness of the final product. Therefore, the aim of this work is to identify the volatile and sensory characteristics of these extracts, with the additional aim to assess their suitability for brewing. GC-MS and sensory analyses were carried out on the four different aqueous extracts. The results highlighted the presence of 33 volatile compounds in a quantity that allowed us to identify the characteristics of the varieties under investigation in each extract. Sensory analysis was carried out using the expert sensory profiling technique. The results regarding the olfactory analysis of the extracts allowed us to define the aroma profiles of the four extracts, highlighting their strong correspondence with the characteristic of the varieties under investigation. Finally, the results showed that the aqueous extracts produced using the Synergy Pure extraction technique had a richer aroma profile, highlighting its higher aptitude in beer production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Tripodi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promoting of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Telematic University Rome, Via Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (M.Z.)
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Merlino M, Condurso C, Cincotta F, Nalbone L, Ziino G, Verzera A. Essential Oil Emulsion from Caper ( Capparis spinosa L.) Leaves: Exploration of Its Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties for Possible Application as a Natural Food Preservative. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:718. [PMID: 38929157 PMCID: PMC11200896 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explored, for the first time, the chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of a caper leaf essential oil (EO) emulsion for possible food applications as a natural preservative. The EO was extracted by hydrodistillation from the leaves of Capparis spinosa growing wild in the Aeolian Archipelago (Sicily, Italy) and exhibited a pungent, sulphurous odour. The volatile fraction of the emulsion, analysed by SPME-GC-MS, consisted of over 100 compounds and was dominated by compounds with recognised antibacterial and antioxidant properties, namely dimethyl tetrasulfide (18.41%), dimethyl trisulfide (12.58%), methyl isothiocyanate (7.97%), and terpinen-4-ol (6.76%). The emulsion was effective against all bacterial strains tested (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis, Pseudomonas fluorescens), with L. monocytogenes exhibiting the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC = 0.02 mg/mL) while E. coli had the highest (MIC = 0.06 mg/mL). The emulsion had a good DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine) radical scavenging activity that was dose-dependent and equal to 42.98% at the 0.08 mg/mL level with an IC50 value of 0.099 mg/mL. Based on the results, the caper leaf EO emulsion has the potential to be proposed as a natural alternative to chemical preservatives in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Concetta Condurso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, Viale G. Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.); (F.C.); (L.N.); (G.Z.); (A.V.)
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Kumar V, Sharma N, Umesh M, Sharma R, Sharma M, Sharma D, Sharma M, Sondhi S, Thomas J, Kumar D, Kansal L, Jha NK. Commercialization potential of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) recycled nanomaterials: A review on validation parameters. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141453. [PMID: 38364916 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is a polymer which is considered as one of the major contaminants to the environment. The PET waste materials can be recycled to produce value-added products. PET can be converted to nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanocomposites, and nano coatings. To extend the applications of PET nanomaterials, understanding its commercialization potential is important. In addition, knowledge about the factors affecting recycling of PET based nanomaterials is essential. The presented review is focused on understanding the PET commercialization aspects, keeping in mind market analysis, growth drivers, regulatory affairs, safety considerations, issues associated with scale-up, manufacturing challenges, economic viability, and cost-effectiveness. In addition, the paper elaborates the challenges associated with the use of PET based nanomaterials. These challenges include PET contamination to water, soil, sediments, and human exposure to PET nanomaterials. Moreover, the paper discusses in detail about the factors affecting PET recycling, commercialization, and circular economy with specific emphasis on life cycle assessment (LCA) of PET recycled nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Bioconversion and Tissue Engineering (BITE) Laboratory, Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Thandalam, 602105, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Thandalam, 602105, India
| | - Mridul Umesh
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India.
| | - Roopali Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh College of Technology, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, 140307, Punjab, India
| | - Munish Sharma
- Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur Campus, 176206, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh College of Technology, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, 140307, Punjab, India
| | - Munish Sharma
- Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur Campus, 176206, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sonica Sondhi
- Haryana State Pollution Control Board, C-11, Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Jithin Thomas
- Department of Biotechnology, Mar Athanasius College, Kerala, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology-UIBT, Chandigarh University, Punjab, India
| | - Lavish Kansal
- School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Centre for Research Impact and Outcomes, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
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A new multi-factor multi-objective strategy based on a factorial presence-absence design to determine polymer additive residues by means of head space-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ozaki A, Kishi E, Ooshima T, Kakutani N, Abe Y, Mutsuga M, Yamaguchi Y, Yamano T. Determination of potential volatile compounds in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles and their short- and long-term migration into food simulants and soft drink. Food Chem 2022; 397:133758. [PMID: 35940101 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Head space (HS)-GC-MS was used to analyze possible migration of volatile compounds from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles for soft drinks, and a total of six compounds were identified. Next, a rapid, simple, and accurate simultaneous method was established using purge-and-trap (PT)-GC-MS, to quantify their amounts in the liquid contents after short- and long-term storage in PET bottles. Starting with brand-new PET bottles, the maximum migration of 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane into distilled water and 50 % aqueous ethanol after 2 years at 25 °C were 2.3 and 19 ng/mL, respectively. In commercially available bottled mineral water sold inside and outside Japan, we were able to detect 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane in the same way. While nonanal was also detected in some products, 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane was confirmed as the main volatile compound. Finally, the human exposure to 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane was estimated based on the per capita intake of soft drinks in Japan and the migration amount in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Ozaki
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, 8-34, Tojo-cho, Tennouji-ku, Osaka 543-0026, Japan.
| | - Eri Kishi
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, 8-34, Tojo-cho, Tennouji-ku, Osaka 543-0026, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ooshima
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, 8-34, Tojo-cho, Tennouji-ku, Osaka 543-0026, Japan
| | - Naoya Kakutani
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, 8-34, Tojo-cho, Tennouji-ku, Osaka 543-0026, Japan
| | - Yutaka Abe
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Motoh Mutsuga
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Yamaguchi
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, 8-34, Tojo-cho, Tennouji-ku, Osaka 543-0026, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamano
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, 8-34, Tojo-cho, Tennouji-ku, Osaka 543-0026, Japan
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Taviano MF, Núñez S, Millán-Laleona A, Condurso C, Verzera A, Merlino M, Ragusa M, Miceli N, López V. Volatile composition, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity potential of Brassica incana leaf and flowering top extracts. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1994-2001. [PMID: 36219451 PMCID: PMC9559316 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2128825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Brassica incana Ten. (Brassicaceae) is an edible plant with very limited available information. Previous studies have demonstrated the polyphenolic profile and the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of the leaf and flowering top hydroalcoholic extracts. OBJECTIVE The volatile composition and the antidiabetic and anti-obesity potential of B. incana leaf and flowering top extracts have been investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS The volatile characterization of the extracts was attained by HS-SPME-GC/MS analysis. The antidiabetic and anti-obesity potential was investigated spectrophotometrically in vitro by the ability to modulate pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase at different concentrations using orlistat and acarbose as reference drugs. The inhibition of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) was measured with aminoguanidine as reference and the antioxidant activity with the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system and Trolox for comparative purposes. RESULTS Several volatiles belonging to different chemical classes were identified, being sulphur compounds the most abundant in both leaf and flowering top extracts (56.33% and 64.40% of all volatiles). Although the leaf extract showed lower IC50 values in most of the assays (0.968 and 1.921 mg/mL for α-glucosidase; 0.192 and 0.262 mg/mL for AGEs; 0.022 and 0.038 mg/mL for superoxide scavenging), there were no statistically significant differences between both samples. These extracts showed a similar behaviour to Trolox in the xanthine oxidase assay (IC50 values of 0.022 mg/mL for leaf extract; 0.038 mg/mL for flowering top and 0.028 for Trolox). CONCLUSIONS Leaves and flowering tops from B. incana can be used as sources of functional compounds that could act as antidiabetic and anti-obesogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Taviano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sonia Núñez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego (Zaragoza), Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Adrián Millán-Laleona
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego (Zaragoza), Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Concetta Condurso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Viale Palatucci, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Verzera
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Viale Palatucci, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Merlino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Viale Palatucci, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Monica Ragusa
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Natalizia Miceli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- CONTACT Natalizia Miceli University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Víctor López
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego (Zaragoza), Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Víctor López Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego (Zaragoza), Spain
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Zhang X, Zheng Y, Zhou R, Ma M. Comprehensive identification of molecular profiles related to sensory and nutritional changes in Mongolian cheese during storage by untargeted metabolomics coupled with quantification of free amino acids. Food Chem 2022; 386:132740. [PMID: 35339083 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Non-targeted metabolomics was used to study metabolites with low molecular weight which may contribute to quality deterioration of Mongolian cheese during storage. Microbiological analysis, pH, FAAs (free amino acids), volatile compounds, and sensory evaluation of the cheese during storage were also studied. A total of 278 metabolites were identified in Mongolian cheese, of which 51 metabolites were used as differential metabolites, including amino acids, peptides, organic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. Bitter amino acids, bitter peptide (Phe-Ile), and organic acids (sinapic acid, butyric acid) increased during storage. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that differential metabolites were mainly related to amino acid metabolism, such as β-alanine metabolism and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. Moreover, accompanied with the increased contents of short-chain fatty acids, 2-undecanone and ethyl esters, strength of odor and unpleasant smell increased but overall acceptability decreased during Mongolian cheese storage. This research provides suitable strategies for quality control of Mongolian cheese during shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanrong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center for Cold Storage and Refrigeration Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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Li H, Wu X, Wu S, Chen L, Kou X, Zeng Y, Li D, Lin Q, Zhong H, Hao T, Dong B, Chen S, Zheng J. Machine learning directed discrimination of virgin and recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) based on non-targeted analysis of volatile organic compounds. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129116. [PMID: 35569370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of non-decontaminated recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) in food packages arouses consumer safety concerns, and thus is a major obstacle hindering PET bottle-to-bottle recycling in many developing regions. Herein, machine learning (ML) algorithms were employed for the discrimination of 127 batches of virgin PET and recycled PET (rPET) samples based on 1247 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) tentatively identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. 100% prediction accuracy was achieved for PET discrimination using random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms. The features of VOCs bearing high variable contributions to the RF prediction performance characterized by mean decrease Gini and variable importance were summarized as high occurrence rate, dominant appearance and distinct instrument response. Further, RF and SVM were employed for PET discrimination using the simplified input datasets composed of 62 VOCs with the highest contributions to the RF prediction performance derived by the AUCRF algorithm, by which over 99% prediction accuracy was achieved. Our results demonstrated ML algorithms were reliable and powerful to address PET adulteration and were beneficial to boost food-contact applications of rPET bottles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanke Li
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Siliang Wu
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Lichang Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoxue Kou
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Dan Li
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Qinbao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Product Packaging and Logistics, Packaging Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China
| | - Huaining Zhong
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China.
| | - Tianying Hao
- Key Laboratory of Product Packaging and Logistics, Packaging Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China
| | - Ben Dong
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China.
| | - Sheng Chen
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China
| | - Jianguo Zheng
- National Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Material (Guangdong), Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510075, China
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Peñalver R, Marín C, Arroyo-Manzanares N, Campillo N, Viñas P. Authentication of recycled plastic content in water bottles using volatile fingerprint and chemometrics. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134156. [PMID: 35240154 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The environment is threatened by the continuously increasing volume of plastic residue. Plastic recycling is an interesting alternative to mitigate this problem. However, recycled plastic products may have pollutants from their recycling process, collecting system and/or previous life which may hurt consumers health, thus making it key to authenticate and characterize recycled materials. An innovative non-targeted methodology by means of static headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SHS-GC-MS) has been developed to measure the volatile organic profile of virgin polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and with diverse content of recycled PET samples. A home-made MS database, with 161 organic compounds characteristics from plastic materials based on the literature, was made. Seventeen of those compounds were found in the studied samples and identified by matching their MS spectra with MS database libraries. These compounds are mainly aldehydes (pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal and decanal), and benzene derivatives (styrene, p-xylene, benzaldehyde, methylbenzene, and 1,2-dichlorobenzene) which we found to be the common in the samples of recycled PET. The combination of the dataset consisting in the peak area of the detected species by SHS-GC-MS and the use of chemometrics shown to be a valuable methodology for the discrimination between virgin PET samples and those with different recycled PET content based on their volatile profile. In addition, a novel strategy applying a statistical model based on partial least squares (PLS) regression was proposed, for the first time, to quantify the recycled plastic content in the PET samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Peñalver
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina Marín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Natalia Campillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Viñas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
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Gerassimidou S, Lanska P, Hahladakis JN, Lovat E, Vanzetto S, Geueke B, Groh KJ, Muncke J, Maffini M, Martin OV, Iacovidou E. Unpacking the complexity of the PET drink bottles value chain: A chemicals perspective. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128410. [PMID: 35295000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemicals can migrate from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) drink bottles to their content and recycling processes may concentrate or introduce new chemicals to the PET value chain. Therefore, even though recycling PET bottles is key in reducing plastic pollution, it may raise concerns about safety and quality. This study provides a systematic evidence map of the food contact chemicals (FCCs) that migrate from PET drink bottles aiming to identify challenges in closing the plastic packaging loop. The migration potential of 193 FCCs has been investigated across the PET drink bottles lifecycle, of which 150 have been detected to migrate from PET bottles into food simulants/food samples. The study reveals that much research has focused on the migration of antimony (Sb), acetaldehyde and some well-known endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). It indicates and discusses the key influential factors on FCCs migration, such as physical characteristics and geographical origin of PET bottles, storage conditions, and reprocessing efficiency . Although, safety and quality implications arising from the recycling of PET bottles remain underexplored, the higher migration of Sb and Bishphenol A has been reported in recycled (rPET) compared to virgin PET. This is attributed to multiple contamination sources and the variability in the collection, sorting, and decontamination efficiency. Better collaboration among stakeholders across the entire PET bottles lifecycle is needed to ensure sustainable resource management and food contact safety of rPET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridoula Gerassimidou
- Sustainable Plastics Research Group (SPlasH), Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Paulina Lanska
- Sustainable Plastics Research Group (SPlasH), Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - John N Hahladakis
- Waste Management Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Elena Lovat
- Italian Agency for Development Cooperation (AICS), Addis Ababa Office, Kebena, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Silvia Vanzetto
- Centro Internazionale per l'Infanzia e la Famiglia (CIFA) Onlus, Hawassa Field Office, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Birgit Geueke
- Food Packaging Forum (FPF), Zurich 8045, Switzerland
| | - Ksenia J Groh
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Jane Muncke
- Food Packaging Forum (FPF), Zurich 8045, Switzerland
| | | | - Olwenn V Martin
- Sustainable Plastics Research Group (SPlasH), Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom; Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
| | - Eleni Iacovidou
- Sustainable Plastics Research Group (SPlasH), Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom; Division of Environmental Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
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11
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Dattilo S, Gugliuzzo C, Mirabella EF, Puglisi C, Scamporrino AA, Zampino DC, Samperi F. Characterization of VOCs and additives in Italian PET bottles and studies on potential functional aldehydes scavengers. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-03973-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study focused on characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) as contaminants and non-volatile additives in Italian PET bottles, also suggesting potential functional aldehydes scavengers. Several VOCs, such as acetic aldehyde (AA), butanal, 3-methyl butanal, 1,3-dioxolane, pentanal, hexanal, octanal, 5-hepten-2-one, nonanal, and decanal, were identified by Head Space-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) in the PET bottles used for the packaging of six Italian brands mineral waters. AA, 1,3-dioxolane, octanal, 5-hepten-2-one, nonanal, and decanal were the most abundant compounds identified. These contaminants were also identified in the PET-bottled mineral waters. Different experiments using bottle-grade PET pellets (Btlg-PET) and PET bottles’ fragments with and without the addition of epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) or erucamide as lubricant/plasticizer additives, poly(m-xylene adipamide) (MXD6), and/or anthranilamide (2-aminobenzamide) as potential aldehydes scavengers were carried out. Mostly VOCs observed in the PET bottles analysed were identified in a neat ESBO sample. The presence of the ESBO additive in the PET-bottle fragments was also observed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry analysis (MALDI–TOF MS). The ESBO sub-products were not observed in the virgin btlg-PET pellets analysed by both HS-GC/MS and MALDI–TOF MS. These results suggest that the VOCs come from an ESBO additive probably loaded during the blow-moulding processes used for the manufacturing of PET bottles. Further studies established that MXD6 (1%w), an efficient oxygen scavenger, could be also used as AA scavenger even in the presence of the commonly used anthranilamide.
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12
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Vivas MPM, Martinez ST, de Andrade JB, da Rocha GO. Method development using chemometric tools for determination of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in bottled mineral waters. Food Chem 2022; 370:131062. [PMID: 34537431 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A simple method was developed to determine 14 endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in bottled waters, based on dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (d-µ-SPE) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Extraction was optimized using 2 k-1 factorial and Doehlert experimental designs. Optimized conditions were 80 mg C18, 25 min extraction at 1000 rpm, and 6 min desorption time. Repeatability was below 17 % for all EDCs. LOD and LOQ varied from 1.60 ng L-1 (estradiol, E2) to 23.2 ng L-1 (dimethylphthalate, DMP) and from 5.33 ng L-1 (E2) to 77.3 ng L-1 (DMP). We found DMP and bisphenol A (BPA) in samples after the heat treatment. DMP was up to 58.7 µg L-1, while BPA was up to 1.34 µg L-1. Tolerance of daily intake (TDI) for DMP were 2.50-2.94 µg kg-1 day-1 (children) and 1.43-1.68 µg kg-1 day-1 (adults). TDI for BPA were 0.03-0.07 µg kg-1 day-1 (children) and 0.01-0.04 µg kg-1 day-1 (adults).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhael P M Vivas
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Energia e Ambiente (PGEnAm), Escola Politécnica, Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Sabrina T Martinez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Energia e Ambiente (PGEnAm), Escola Politécnica, Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT E&A, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Jailson B de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Energia e Ambiente (PGEnAm), Escola Politécnica, Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT E&A, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Universitário SENAI-CIMATEC, 41650-110 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Gisele O da Rocha
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Energia e Ambiente (PGEnAm), Escola Politécnica, Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT E&A, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Dhaka V, Singh S, Anil AG, Sunil Kumar Naik TS, Garg S, Samuel J, Kumar M, Ramamurthy PC, Singh J. Occurrence, toxicity and remediation of polyethylene terephthalate plastics. A review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2022; 20:1777-1800. [PMID: 35039752 PMCID: PMC8755403 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate is a common plastic in many products such as viscose rayon for clothing, and packaging material in the food and beverage industries. Polyethylene terephthalate has beneficial properties such as light weight, high tensile strength, transparency and gas barrier. Nonetheless, there is actually increasing concern about plastic pollution and toxicity. Here we review the properties, occurrence, toxicity, remediation and analysis of polyethylene terephthalate as macroplastic, mesoplastic, microplastic and nanoplastic. Polyethylene terephthalate occurs in groundwater, drinking water, soils and sediments. Plastic uptake by humans induces diseases such as reducing migration and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells of bone marrow and endothelial progenitor cells. Polyethylene terephthalate can be degraded by physical, chemical and biological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Dhaka
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Amith G. Anil
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - T. S. Sunil Kumar Naik
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Shashank Garg
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Jastin Samuel
- Waste Valorization Research Lab, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835205 India
| | - Praveen C. Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
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Pezhhanfar S, Farajzadeh MA, Hosseini-Yazdi SA, Afshar Mogaddam MR. An MOF-based dispersive micro solid phase extraction prior to dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for analyzing plasticizers. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Romero A, Sharp JL, Dawson PL, Darby D, Cooksey K. Evaluation of two intelligent packaging prototypes with a pH indicator to determine spoilage of cow milk. Food Packag Shelf Life 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Influence of leaf removal on grape, wine and aroma compounds of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot under Mediterranean climate. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Identification of Potential Migrants in Polyethylene Terephthalate Samples of Ecuadorian Market. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213769. [PMID: 34771326 PMCID: PMC8588110 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the plastic packaging material most widely used to produce bottles intended for contact with food and beverages. However, PET is not inert, and therefore, some chemical compounds present in PET could migrate to food or beverages in contact, leading to safety issues. To evaluate the safety of PET samples, the identification of potential migrants is required. In this work, eight PET samples obtained from the Ecuadorian market at different phases of processing were studied using a well-known methodology based on a solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis and overall migration test. Several chemical compounds were identified and categorized as lubricants (carboxylic acids with chain length of C12 to C18), plasticizers (triethyl phosphate, diethyl phthalate), thermal degradation products (p-xylene, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid), antioxidant degradation products (from Irgafos 168 and Irganox), and recycling indicator compounds (limonene, benzophenone, alkanes, and aldehydes). Additionally, overall migration experiments were performed in PET bottles, resulting in values lower than the overall migration limit (10 mg/dm2); however, the presence of some compounds identified in the samples could be related to contamination during manufacturing or to the use of recycled PET-contaminated flakes. In this context, the results obtained in this study could be of great significance to the safety evaluation of PET samples in Ecuador and would allow analyzing the PET recycling processes and avoiding contamination by PET flakes from nonfood containers.
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Varietal Aromas of Fortified Wines from Different Moscato Var. ( Vitis vinifera L.) under the Same Pedoclimatic Conditions. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112549. [PMID: 34828829 PMCID: PMC8622996 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitis vinifera L. cv. Moscato includes different varieties mainly used to produce sweet wines, such as fortified wines. Moscato grapes are characterized by a large number of free and glycosylated monoterpenoids giving very aromatic wines. However, the literature data on the aroma profile of fortified Moscato wines are very limited. In light of this, the present research aimed to investigate the aroma compounds, mainly the varietal ones, of fortified wines from different Moscato varieties, namely Giallo (Yellow), Bianco (White), Bianco at Petit Grain (Blanc à Petits Grains), Ottonel and Rosa (Pink of Trentino), cultivated under the same pedoclimatic conditions. Using the HS-SPME-GC-MS (head space-solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) technique, numerous varietal and fermentative aroma compounds have been identified and quantified and significant differences were observed among varieties in the levels of mostly volatiles and in their ratios. Based on their composition, the studied wines can be divided in two groups depending on whether linalool or geraniol prevails among varietal aromas. These results are evidence that each Moscato variety has a typical varietal aroma composition, even if some similarities were found between the two white varieties, and between Moscato Giallo and Moscato Ottonel varieties. Moscato Rosa showed a peculiar aroma composition and the lowest ester/terpene ratio.
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Odor Emissions from Raw Meat of Freshly Slaughtered Cattle during Inspection. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102411. [PMID: 34681460 PMCID: PMC8535288 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Raw meat of Freshly Slaughtered Cattle (FSC) is characterized by a very weak odor defined as slightly sweet, which could interfere in off-odor assessment during post-mortem inspection by an official veterinarian. Despite this, no information is reported in the literature on the volatiles which are emitted by FSC meat. Thus, this research aimed to study the volatile profile of raw cattle meat at different times within 24 h of slaughtering. Volatiles were analyzed and quantified using HS-SPME-GC-MS. γ-Butyrolactone, acetoin, and to a lesser extent, acid acetic were found to be the odor-active compounds of raw meat from freshly slaughtered cattle. Quantitative differences were observed up to 24 h; since the lowest levels of the odor-active compounds were reached between two and three hours from slaughtering, this period could be the most suitable for the post-mortem inspection process.
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20
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Taviano MF, Cavò E, Spadaro V, Raimondo FM, Musolino V, Cacciola F, El Majdoub YO, Mondello L, Condurso C, Cincotta F, Verzera A, Miceli N. Phytochemical Constituents, Antioxidant Activity, and Toxicity Assessment of the Aerial Part Extracts from the Infraspecific Taxa of Matthiola fruticulosa ( Brassicaceae) Endemic to Sicily. Molecules 2021; 26:4114. [PMID: 34299388 PMCID: PMC8306104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In a project designed to investigate the specific and infraspecific taxa of Matthiola endemic to Sicily (Italy) as new potential sources of bioactive compounds in this work, the infraspecific taxa of Matthiola fruticulosa were studied, namely, subsp. fruticulosa and subsp. coronopifolia. HPLC-PDA/ESI-MS and SPME-GC/MS analyses of hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from the aerial parts of the two subspecies led to the detection of 51 phenolics and 61 volatile components, highlighting a quite different qualitative-quantitative profile. The antioxidant properties of the extracts were explored through in vitro methods: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power and Fe2+ chelating activity assays. The results of the antioxidant tests showed that the extracts possess a different antioxidant ability: particularly, the extract of M. fruticulosa subsp. fruticulosa exhibited higher radical scavenging activity than that of subsp. coronopifolia (IC50 = 1.25 ± 0.02 mg/mL and 2.86 ± 0.05 mg/mL), which in turn displayed better chelating properties (IC50 = 1.49 ± 0.01 mg/mL and 0.63 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Lastly, Artemia salina lethality bioassay was performed for toxicity assessment. The results of the bioassay showed lack of toxicity against brine shrimp larvae for both extracts. The data presented indicate the infraspecific taxa of M. fruticulosa as new and safe sources of antioxidant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Taviano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.C.); (Y.O.E.M.); (L.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Emilia Cavò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.C.); (Y.O.E.M.); (L.M.); (N.M.)
- Foundation “Prof. Antonio Imbesi”, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Vivienne Spadaro
- Department STEBICEF/Section of Botany, Anthropology and Zoology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 38, 90123 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Francesco Maria Raimondo
- PLANTA/Research, Documentation and Training Center, Via Serraglio Vecchio 28, 90123 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, V. Europa, Località Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Yassine Oulad El Majdoub
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.C.); (Y.O.E.M.); (L.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.C.); (Y.O.E.M.); (L.M.); (N.M.)
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
- BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Àlvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Condurso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (F.C.); (A.V.)
| | - Fabrizio Cincotta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (F.C.); (A.V.)
| | - Antonella Verzera
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (C.C.); (F.C.); (A.V.)
| | - Natalizia Miceli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.C.); (Y.O.E.M.); (L.M.); (N.M.)
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Marcela Melo Cardozo I, Pereira Dos Anjos J, Oliveira Campos da Rocha F, de Andrade JB. Exploratory analysis of the presence of 14 carbonyl compounds in bottled mineral water in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers. Food Chem 2021; 365:130475. [PMID: 34237580 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbonyl compounds (CCs) can migrate from bottles to mineral water because of plastic degradation. An exploratory analysis of the presence a significant number of CCs (14) in bottled mineral water with and without gas in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers was performed using ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS). The data from the analysis was submitted to chemometric treatment (principal component analysis, PCA). Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzaldehyde were found in all samples (0.07-125 ng mL-1). Acrolein and acetone were present in 81% and 75% of the samples, respectively. The concentration of acrolein in carbonated water was up to 3.8 times greater than that measured in non-carbonated water (0.07-0.44 ± 0.01 ng mL-1). PCA analysis showed that gasification can influence the composition of CCs present in mineral water and that the plastic material of the bottles is a likely source of CCs. In addition, benzaldehyde levels may be associated with the use of recycled materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Marcela Melo Cardozo
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Salvador, BA 40170-290, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Ondina, Salvador, BA 40170-290, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT E&A, UFBA, Salvador, BA 40170-290, Brazil
| | - Jeancarlo Pereira Dos Anjos
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT E&A, UFBA, Salvador, BA 40170-290, Brazil; Centro Universitário SENAI CIMATEC, Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845 - Piatã, CEP41650-010 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Franciele Oliveira Campos da Rocha
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Ondina, Salvador, BA 40170-290, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT E&A, UFBA, Salvador, BA 40170-290, Brazil; Centro Universitário SENAI CIMATEC, Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845 - Piatã, CEP41650-010 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Jailson B de Andrade
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Ondina, Salvador, BA 40170-290, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT E&A, UFBA, Salvador, BA 40170-290, Brazil; Centro Universitário SENAI CIMATEC, Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845 - Piatã, CEP41650-010 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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22
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Miceli N, Cavò E, Spadaro V, Raimondo FM, Ragusa S, Cacciola F, El Majdoub YO, Arena K, Mondello L, Condurso C, Cincotta F, Taviano MF. Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of the Aerial Part Extracts from Matthiola incana subsp. rupestris and subsp. pulchella (Brassicaceae) Endemic to Sicily. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100167. [PMID: 34145749 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As part of a project aimed at investigating the Matthiola taxa endemic to Sicily (Italy), this study focused on Matthiola incana, an edible species used in the traditional medicine of various countries. Herein, the characterization of phenolic and volatile compounds, the antioxidant capacity in vitro (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH), reducing power and Fe2+ chelating activity assays) and the toxicity test (Artemia salina lethality bioassay) of the hydroalcoholic extracts from the aerial parts of M. incana subsp. rupestris from Mt. Pellegrino (Palermo) and Mt. Erice (Trapani), and of M. incana subsp. pulchella are reported. The results are compared with those previously shown for M. incana subsp. incana, to achieve a comprehensive overview of the three subspecies. The HPLC-PDA/ESI-MS and SPME-GC/MS analyses led to the identification of 13 phenolics and 54 volatile compounds. Differences in the qualitative-quantitative profile of these phytochemicals have been highlighted between the M. incana subspecies. The antioxidant tests showed different activity for the extracts, which were found to possess better chelating properties. At last, none of the tested extracts displayed toxicity against brine shrimp larvae. These findings enrich the knowledge on the Matthiola taxa growing wild in Sicily, both from the strictly systematic point of view and for the possible applications as sources bioactive compounds that can be used in the nutraceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalizia Miceli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Emilia Cavò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy.,Foundation 'Prof. Antonio Imbesi', University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Vivienne Spadaro
- Department STEBICEF/Section of Botany, Anthropology and Zoology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 38, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Raimondo
- PLANTA/Research, Documentation and Training Center, Via Serraglio Vecchio 28, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ragusa
- Department of Health Sciences, University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Località, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Yassine Oulad El Majdoub
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Katia Arena
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy.,BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy.,Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, via Àlvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Condurso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cincotta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Fernanda Taviano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
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23
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Factors Shaping the Recycling Systems for Plastic Packaging Waste—A Comparison between Austria, Germany and The Netherlands. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13126772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Setting up strategies for a sound management of plastic packaging waste (PPW) is becoming increasingly crucial at many levels of the value chain in Europe. After the very first implementation of an extended producer responsibility scheme in Germany in 1991, many EU Countries followed. This resulted in a complex network of schemes that differ from one member state to another. This paper brings together the three latest studies describing the current flows of PPW across the waste value chain from Austria (reference year 2013), Germany and the Netherlands (reference year 2017). With this aim, the models of the three single studies have been adapted to fit into a common model, allowing to perform a comparative analysis. Although with a relatively comparable product market, the three countries have different management systems (e.g., separate collection systems, target sorting products and treatment of residual waste), reflecting different national strategies to achieve the circular economy targets. Recycling rates (in terms of washed milled goods at the output of the recycling process) for the three countries resulted in 23%, 43% and 30% of the total mass of PPW generated in, respectively, Austria, Germany and the Netherlands. The fraction of mixed recycled plastics, relevant for Germany and the Netherlands only, was determined to be one of the major determinants of the differences in recycling rates. Furthermore, the discussion revolves around new political targets that have the potential to contribute to addressing the issue of tradeoff between quantity and quality of recycled plastics placed on the market, with measures such as design-for-recycling and eco-modulation of EPR fees playing a critical role, while also pointing out the aspects that inevitably hinder closed-loop recycling.
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da Silva Costa R, Sainara Maia Fernandes T, de Sousa Almeida E, Tomé Oliveira J, Carvalho Guedes JA, Julião Zocolo G, Wagner de Sousa F, do Nascimento RF. Potential risk of BPA and phthalates in commercial water bottles: a minireview. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2021; 19:411-435. [PMID: 34152295 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2021.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The global water bottling market grows annually. Today, to ensure consumer safety, it is important to verify the possible migration of compounds from bottles into the water contained in them. Potential health risks due to the prevalence of bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates (PAEs) exposure through water bottle consumption have become an important issue. BPA, benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) can cause adverse effects on human health. Papers of literature published in English, with BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP detections during 2017, by 2019 by liquid chromatography and gas chromatography analysis methods were searched. The highest concentrations of BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP in all the bottled waters studied were found to be 5.7, 12.11, 82.8 and 64.0 μg/L, respectively. DBP was the most compound detected and the main contributor by bottled water consumption with 23.7% of the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI). Based on the risk assessment, BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP in commercial water bottles do not pose a serious concern for humans. The average estrogen equivalent level revealed that BPA, BBP, DBP and DEHP in bottled waters may induce adverse estrogenic effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouse da Silva Costa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, R. Humberto Monte S/N, 60455700 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Tatiana Sainara Maia Fernandes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, R. Humberto Monte S/N, 60455700 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Edmilson de Sousa Almeida
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, R. Humberto Monte S/N, 60455700 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Juliene Tomé Oliveira
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, R. Humberto Monte S/N, 60455700 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Jhonyson Arruda Carvalho Guedes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, R. Humberto Monte S/N, 60455700 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil E-mail: ; Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, R. Dra Sara Mesquita 2270, 60511-110 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Wagner de Sousa
- Department of Education - Chemistry Licenciate, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, R. Francisco da Rocha Martins S/N, 61609-090 Caucaia, CE, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Ferreira do Nascimento
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, R. Humberto Monte S/N, 60455700 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil E-mail:
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Cincotta F, Condurso C, Tripodi G, Merlino M, Prestia O, Stanton C, Verzera A. Comparison of lactose free and traditional mozzarella cheese during shelf-life by aroma compounds and sensory analysis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Paiva R, Wrona M, Nerín C, Bertochi Veroneze I, Gavril GL, Andrea Cruz S. Importance of profile of volatile and off-odors compounds from different recycled polypropylene used for food applications. Food Chem 2021; 350:129250. [PMID: 33607412 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, polypropylene is one of the most common polymers used in the food packaging industry due to its good functionality and relatively low cost. Nevertheless, usage of plastic disposable packaging can be a generator of plastic pollution having negative environmental effects. A feasible solution for this issue would be to recycle. The polypropylene samples were submitted to two processes, forced contamination, and recycling, and they were analyzed by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatograph-olfactometry-mass spectrometry. 45 different volatile compounds were identified and 9 of them presented distinct odoriferous activities. Among them, two important markers were detected: diethyl phthalate (probably coming from the catalyst of PP polymerization, intentionally added substance (IAS)), and glycerine (a marker of non-intentionally added substances (NIAS)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Paiva
- Chemistry Department, Center for Exact Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 10 SP-310, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Magdalena Wrona
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research I3A, CPS-University of Zaragoza, Torres Quevedo Building, María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Nerín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research I3A, CPS-University of Zaragoza, Torres Quevedo Building, María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Isabelly Bertochi Veroneze
- Chemistry Department, Center for Exact Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 10 SP-310, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Georgiana-Luminita Gavril
- Department of Bioinformatics, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independentei, sector 6, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sandra Andrea Cruz
- Chemistry Department, Center for Exact Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, 10 SP-310, São Carlos, Brazil.
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Batool Z, Li L, Xu D, Wu M, Weng L, Jiao W, Cheng H, Roobab U, Zhang X, Li X, Liang Y, Li B. Determination of furan and its derivatives in preserved dried fruits and roasted nuts marketed in China using an optimized HS-SPME GC/MS method. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Dehydration and overhydration can help to improve medical implications on health. Therefore, it is vital to track the hydration level (HL) specifically in children, the elderly and patients with underlying medical conditions such as diabetes. Most of the current approaches to estimate the hydration level are not sufficient and require more in-depth research. Therefore, in this paper, we used the non-invasive wearable sensor for collecting the skin conductance data and employed different machine learning algorithms based on feature engineering to predict the hydration level of the human body in different body postures. The comparative experimental results demonstrated that the random forest with an accuracy of 91.3% achieved better performance as compared to other machine learning algorithms to predict the hydration state of human body. This study paves a way for further investigation in non-invasive proactive skin hydration detection which can help in the diagnosis of serious health conditions.
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Abstract
Chemical contaminants should not be present in beverages for human consumption, but could eventually be ingested by consumers as they may appear naturally from the environment or be produced by anthropogenic sources. These contaminants could belong to many different chemical sources, including heavy metals, amines, bisphenols, phthalates, pesticides, perfluorinated compounds, inks, ethyl carbamate, and others. It is well known that these hazardous chemicals in beverages can represent a severe threat by the potential risk of generating diseases to humans if no strict quality control is applied during beverages processing. This review compiles the most updated knowledge of the presence of potential contaminants in various types of beverages (both alcoholic and non-alcoholic), as well as in their containers, to prevent undesired migration. Special attention is given to the extraction and pre-concentration techniques applied to these samples, as well as to the analytical techniques necessary for the determination of chemicals with a potential contaminant effect. Finally, an overview of the current legislation is carried out, as well as future trends of research in this field.
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Luo Q, Liu ZH, Yin H, Dang Z, Wu PX, Zhu NW, Lin Z, Liu Y. Migration and potential risk of trace phthalates in bottled water: A global situation. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 147:362-372. [PMID: 30326398 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing attention has been dedicated to trace phthalates in bottled water due to the serious concerns on public health, while there is still a lack of systematic analysis and assessment of current global situation. Through analyzing five representative phthalates in bottled water over 20 countries, this work clearly revealed the phthalates-associated potential risks in both human daily intake and estrogenic effect. In the risk assessment, the kinetic models were also developed to describe and predict phthalates migration. In more than three hundred brands of bottled waters from twenty one countries, the detection frequency of the five targeted phthalates was found to be in the order of dibutyl phthalate (DBP, 67.6%), di-2-(ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP, 61.7%), diethyl phthalate (DEP, 47.1%), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP, 36.9%), and dimethyl phthalate (DMP, 30.1%). Among the countries studied relating concentrations of DEHP in bottled waters, the top five countries ranked in the order of high to low were Thailand, Croatia, Czech Republic, Saudi Arabia and China with an average level of 61.1, 8.8, 6.3, 6.2 and 6.1 μg/L, respectively. The average levels of BBP, DBP, DMP and DEP in bottled water from Pakistan were high, in which DEP and DMP were ranked 1st among all countries with the average levels of 22.4 and 50.2 μg/L, while BBP and DBP were ranked 2nd and 3rd with the average levels of 7.5 and 17.8 μg/L, respectively. The human daily intake-based risk assessment revealed that phthalates in bottled waters studied would not pose a serious concern on public health. However, the adverse estrogenic effects of phthalates in bottled water from some countries appeared to be significant. This study just shed light on global situation of phthalates in bottled water, and more efforts should be needed to systematically examine the phthalates-related safety of bottled water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Luo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Hua Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Lab Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environment Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hua Yin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping-Xiao Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Neng-Wu Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Nanomaterials, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
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