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Qin P, Shen J, Wei J, Chen Y. A critical review of the bioactive ingredients and biological functions of camellia oleifera oil. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100753. [PMID: 38725963 PMCID: PMC11081779 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Camellia oleifera oil is a pure and natural high-grade oil prevalent in South China. Camellia oleifera oil is known for its richness in unsaturated fatty acids and high nutritional value. There is increasing evidence indicating that a diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids is beneficial to health. Despite the widespread production of Camellia oleifera oil and its bioactive components, reports on its nutritional components are scarce, especially regarding systematic reviews of extraction methods and biological functions. This review systematically summarized the latest research on the bioactive components and biological functions of Camellia oleifera oil reported over the past decade. In addition to unsaturated fatty acids, Camellia oleifera oil contains six main functional components contributing to its antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular protective properties. These functional components are vitamin E, saponins, polyphenols, sterols, squalene, and flavonoids. This paper reviewed the biological activity of Camellia oleifera oil and its extraction methods, laying a foundation for further development of its bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiju Qin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology & International, Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource, Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Junjun Shen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology & International, Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource, Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, National Engineering Research Center for Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Jeigen Wei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology & International, Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource, Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology & International, Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource, Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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2
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Finina BF, Mersha AK. Nano-enabled antimicrobial thin films: design and mechanism of action. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5290-5308. [PMID: 38357038 PMCID: PMC10866018 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07884a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial thin films are types of protective coatings that are applied to surfaces such as medical devices, food packaging materials, water-resistant coatings, and other systems. These films prevent and reduce the spread of microbial organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Antimicrobial thin films can be prepared from a variety of nanostructured materials including metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, plant materials, enzymes, bacteriocins and polymers. Their antimicrobial mechanism varies mostly based on the types of active agents from which the film is made of. Antimicrobial thin films are becoming increasingly popular microbial treatment methods due to their advantages such as enhanced stability, reduced toxicity levels, extended effectiveness over time and broad spectrum antimicrobial action without side effects on human health or the environment. This popularity and enhanced performance is mainly due to the extended possibility of film designs. Thin films offer convenient formulation methods which makes them suitable for commercial practices aiming at high turnover rates along with residential applications requiring frequent application cycles. This review focuses on recent developments in the possible processing methods and design approaches for assembling the various types of antimicrobial materials into nanostructured thin film-based delivery systems, along with mechanisms of action against microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilisuma Fekadu Finina
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa Ethiopia
- Department of Chemistry, Kotebe University of Education Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Kindu Mersha
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa Ethiopia
- Nanotechnology Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa Ethiopia
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3
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Lu Y, Hou R, Shao S, Li J, Yu N, Nie X, Meng X. In-depth potential mechanism of combined demulsification pretreatments (isopropanol ultrasonic pretreatments and Ca 2+ flow additions) during aqueous enzymatic extractions of Camellia oils. Food Chem 2023; 414:135681. [PMID: 36827778 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Emulsification is the practical limitation of aqueous enzymatic extractions of Camellia oils. This study aimed to investigate the influence and demulsification mechanisms of isopropanol ultrasonic pretreatments and Ca2+ additions on aqueous enzymatic extractions of Camellia oils. Combining isopropanol ultrasonic pretreatments with Ca2+ flow additions obtained the highest free oil recovery (78.03 %) and lowest emulsion content (1.5 %). Results indicated that the superior demulsification performance originated from the decrease in emulsion stabilities and formations. First, demulsification pretreatments reduced the oil (14.69 %) and solid (13.21 %) fractions in emulsions to decrease the stability of as-formed emulsions. Meanwhile, isopropanol ultrasonic pretreatments extracted tea saponins (0.38 mg/mL) and polysaccharides (0.23 mg/mL), while Ca2+ combined with protein isolates (5.82 mg/mL), tea saponins (7.48 mg/mL) and polysaccharides (0.78 mg/mL) to form precipitates and reduce emulsion formation. This work could promote the practical application of aqueous enzymatic extractions of Camellia oils and enlighten the rise of advanced demulsification pretreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchao Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Rongrong Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Shengxin Shao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Jialing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Ningxiang Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Xiaohua Nie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xianghe Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
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4
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Yu X, Zhao Z, Yan X, Xie J, Yu Q, Chen Y. Extraction optimization of tea saponins from Camellia oleifera seed meal with deep eutectic solvents: Composition identification and properties evaluation. Food Chem 2023; 427:136681. [PMID: 37392622 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Traditional organic solvent extractions of tea saponins have many drawbacks. This study aimed to establish an environment-friendly and efficient technology based on deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to extract tea saponins from Camellia oleifera seed meal. The solvent consisting of choline chloride and methylurea was screened as optimal DES. Under the optimal extraction conditions obtained by response surface methodology, the extraction yield of tea saponins reached 94.36 mg/g, which increased by 27% compared with ethanol extraction, while the extraction time was reduced by 50%. Analysis of UV, FT-IR, and UPLC-Q/TOF-MS indicated tea saponins did not alter during DES extraction. Surface activity and emulsification evaluation showed that extracted tea saponins could reduce interfacial tension at the oil-water interface with excellent foamability and foam stability, and they could form nanoemulsions (d32 < 200 nm) with excellent stability. This study provides a suitable approach for the efficient extraction of tea saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Chen Y, Gao Y, Yuan M, Zheng Z, Yin J. Anti- Candida albicans Effects and Mechanisms of Theasaponin E1 and Assamsaponin A. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119350. [PMID: 37298302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen, and its drug resistance is becoming a serious problem. Camellia sinensis seed saponins showed inhibitory effects on resistant Candida albicans strains, but the active components and mechanisms are unclear. In this study, the effects and mechanisms of two Camellia sinensis seed saponin monomers, theasaponin E1 (TE1) and assamsaponin A (ASA), on a resistant Candida albicans strain (ATCC 10231) were explored. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of TE1 and ASA were equivalent. The time-kill curves showed that the fungicidal efficiency of ASA was higher than that of TE1. TE1 and ASA significantly increased the cell membrane permeability and disrupted the cell membrane integrity of C. albicans cells, probably by interacting with membrane-bound sterols. Moreover, TE1 and ASA induced the accumulation of intracellular ROS and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes were concentrated in the cell wall, plasma membrane, glycolysis, and ergosterol synthesis pathways. In conclusion, the antifungal mechanisms of TE1 and ASA included the interference with the biosynthesis of ergosterol in fungal cell membranes, damage to the mitochondria, and the regulation of energy metabolism and lipid metabolism. Tea seed saponins have the potential to be novel anti-Candida albicans agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Mingan Yuan
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Zhaisheng Zheng
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Junfeng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
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6
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Jadimurthy R, Jagadish S, Nayak SC, Kumar S, Mohan CD, Rangappa KS. Phytochemicals as Invaluable Sources of Potent Antimicrobial Agents to Combat Antibiotic Resistance. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040948. [PMID: 37109477 PMCID: PMC10145550 DOI: 10.3390/life13040948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have been used for therapeutic purposes against various human ailments for several centuries. Plant-derived natural compounds have been implemented in clinics against microbial diseases. Unfortunately, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance has significantly reduced the efficacy of existing standard antimicrobials. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared antimicrobial resistance as one of the top 10 global public health threats facing humanity. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to discover new antimicrobial agents against drug-resistant pathogens. In the present article, we have discussed the importance of plant metabolites in the context of their medicinal applications and elaborated on their mechanism of antimicrobial action against human pathogens. The WHO has categorized some drug-resistant bacteria and fungi as critical and high priority based on the need to develope new drugs, and we have considered the plant metabolites that target these bacteria and fungi. We have also emphasized the role of phytochemicals that target deadly viruses such as COVID-19, Ebola, and dengue. Additionally, we have also elaborated on the synergetic effect of plant-derived compounds with standard antimicrobials against clinically important microbes. Overall, this article provides an overview of the importance of considering phytogenous compounds in the development of antimicrobial compounds as therapeutic agents against drug-resistant microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragi Jadimurthy
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Swamy Jagadish
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Siddaiah Chandra Nayak
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Sumana Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore 570015, India
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7
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Arora H, Sharma A, Sharma S. Thyme essential oil fostering the efficacy of aqueous extract of licorice against fungal phytopathogens of Capsicum annuum L. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 135:466-473. [PMID: 37005199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Capsicum annuum L. production is impeded by various biotic factors, including fungal diseases caused by Colletotrichum capsici, Pythium aphanidermatum, and Fusarium oxysporum. Various plant extracts and essential oils are increasingly used to control different plant diseases. In this study, licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) cold water extract (LAE) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil (TO) were found to be highly effective against the C. annuum pathogens. LAE at 200 mg ml-1 demonstrated the maximum antifungal activity of 89.9% against P. aphanidermatum, whereas TO at 0.25 mg ml-1 showed 100% inhibition of C. capsici. However, when used in combination, much lower doses of these plant protectants (100 mg ml-1 LAE and 0.125 mg ml-1 TO) exhibited a synergistic effect in controlling the fungal pathogens. Metabolite profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high resolution-liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry analysis showed the presence of several bioactive compounds. Enhanced cellular components leakage revealed damage to the fungal cell wall and membrane due to and LAE treatment, which can be attributed to the TO lipophilicity and triterpenoid saponins of LAE. TO and LAE treatments also caused a reduction in ergosterol biosynthesis might be due to the presence of thymol and sterol components in the botanicals. Although the aqueous extracts have a low preparation cost, their uses are limited by modest shelf life and lacklustre antifungal effect. We have shown that these limitations can be bypassed by combining oil (TO) with the aqueous extract (LAE). This study further opens the avenues for utilizing these botanicals against other fungal phytopathogens.
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8
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Cheng HY, Xu TQ, Hu YL, Shu Q, Xu W, Fan CL, Zhou GX. Two new aryltetralin-type lignans from Camellia oleifera husk. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-8. [PMID: 36752387 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2172005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Two new aryltetralin-type lignans (1-2) were isolated from the dichloromethane fraction of 95% ethanol extract of Camellia oleifera fruit husk. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configurations of compounds 1-2 were determined by the comparison of measured ECD curves with the quantum chemical calculated ones. The new compounds were tested for their antioxidant activities and cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines (Huh-7, H460 and MCF-7). While compounds 1 and 2 only showed slight DPPH radical scavenging activities with the IC50 values of 38.68 ± 5.02 and 56.62 ± 1.49 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Yu Cheng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Qi Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Lin Hu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Shu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Lin Fan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Xiong Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Effect of Tea Saponins on Rumen Microbiota and Rumen Function in Qinchuan Beef Cattle. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020374. [PMID: 36838339 PMCID: PMC9963011 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics can promote livestock growth but have side effects, so the search for safe and effective alternatives to antibiotics is urgent. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementing cattle feed with tea saponins on ruminal bacteria and fungi. Sixteen Qinchuan beef cattle with a live body weight of 250 ± 10 kg were divided into four groups (four animals in each group) using a completely randomized experimental design. Four different levels of tea saponins were provided to the Qinchuan cattle as treatments, including 0 g/cattle per day control, CON), 10 g/cattle per day (low-level, LT), 20 g/cattle per day (medium-level, MT) and 30 g/cattle per day (high-level, HT). The pre-feeding period was 10 days and the official period was 80 days in this experiment. After 90 days of feeding, the rumen fluid from sixteen Qinchuan beef cattle was collected using an oral stomach tube for evaluating changes in ruminal microbiota and rumen fermentation parameters. Results indicate that the total VFAs and proportions of propionate in the LT group was significantly higher than that in the CON and HT groups (p < 0.05). For ruminal bacteria, results indicate that the Chao1 index of the MT group was significantly lower than the CON and HT groups (p < 0.05). The phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were found to be the most abundant in all treatment groups, with the LT group having significantly increased relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Ascomycota at the phylum level (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Bacteroides was found to be relatively lower in the LT, MT and HT treatment groups compared with the CON treatment group at the genus level (p < 0.05). For ruminal fungi, the LT treatment group was found to have higher relative abundances of Saccharomyces and Aspergillus, and lower relative abundances of Succiniclasticum and Bacteroides at the at the phylum level (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON treatment group, a significant increase in the relative abundance of Saccharomyces and Aspergillus were observed in the LT treatment group at the genus level (p < 0.05). PICRUSt analyses identified pathways associated with Xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism and glycolysisIII to be significantly enriched in the LT and HT treatment groups (p < 0.05). These findings could provide insights on how tea saponins may influence ruminal bacteria and fungi, providing a theoretical basis for replacing antibiotics with tea saponins for promoting growth in cattle.
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10
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Mieres-Castro D, Mora-Poblete F. Saponins: Research Progress and Their Potential Role in the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Era. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020348. [PMID: 36839670 PMCID: PMC9964560 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, the new global situation and the limited therapeutic management of the disease make it necessary to take urgent measures in more effective therapies and drug development in order to counteract the negative global impacts caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its new infectious variants. In this context, plant-derived saponins-glycoside-type compounds constituted from a triterpene or steroidal aglycone and one or more sugar residues-may offer fewer side effects and promising beneficial pharmacological activities. This can then be used for the development of potential therapeutic agents against COVID-19, either as a therapy or as a complement to conventional pharmacological strategies for the treatment of the disease and its prevention. The main objective of this review was to examine the primary and current evidence in regard to the therapeutic potential of plant-derived saponins against the COVID-19 disease. Further, the aim was to also focus on those studies that highlight the potential use of saponins as a treatment against SARS-CoV-2. Saponins are antiviral agents that inhibit different pharmacological targets of the virus, as well as exhibit anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic activity in relieving symptoms and clinical complications related to the disease. In addition, saponins also possess immunostimulatory effects, which improve the efficacy and safety of vaccines for prolonging immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 and its infectious variants.
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11
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Shi Z, Long X, Li Y, Jin J, Li J, Yuan C, Jin R. Protective Effect of Tea Saponins on Alcohol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Mice. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:673-681. [PMID: 36643417 PMCID: PMC9835626 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption harms the human body, particularly the digestive system, by causing damage to the gastric mucosa. Tea saponin is a natural active substance extracted from tea tree seeds that has gastroprotective potential against alcohol-induced mucosal damage. However, the protective mechanism of tea saponins is not fully understood. The current study aimed to explore the protective mechanism of tea saponins against alcohol-induced gastric mucosal injury in mice. Histopathological changes, immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and gastric mucosa-related cytokine levels were analyzed in three groups of male mice: model, control, and tea saponin-treated. Compared to the model group, the tea saponin group prominently ameliorated alcohol-induced gastric mucosal injury by improving cell necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and edema. Downregulation of inflammation-related factors cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was also found in the tea saponin group. These results suggest that tea saponins have a protective effect against alcohol-induced gastric mucosal damage in mice. Therefore, tea saponin may serve as a food additive for gastric mucosal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojuan Shi
- School
of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
- Engineering
Research Center of Agricultural Product Biochemicals, Ministry of
Education, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Xue Long
- School
of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
- Engineering
Research Center of Agricultural Product Biochemicals, Ministry of
Education, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- School
of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
- Engineering
Research Center of Agricultural Product Biochemicals, Ministry of
Education, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Jing Jin
- School
of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
- Engineering
Research Center of Agricultural Product Biochemicals, Ministry of
Education, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Jianfang Li
- School
of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
- Engineering
Research Center of Agricultural Product Biochemicals, Ministry of
Education, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Chuanxun Yuan
- School
of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
- Engineering
Research Center of Agricultural Product Biochemicals, Ministry of
Education, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Risheng Jin
- School
of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei
University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
- Engineering
Research Center of Agricultural Product Biochemicals, Ministry of
Education, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
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12
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Chuong Nguyen TH, Kim Lien GT, Yen PH, Ho TT, Thuy Van DT, Van Kiem P, Hung NH, Kuo PC, Setzer WN. Molluscicidal Activity of Compounds From the Roots of Aralia armata Against the Golden Apple Snail ( Pomacea canaliculata). Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221144573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aralia armata (Araliaceae) is considered to exhibit effective molluscicidal activity, however, the relationship between the chemical components and molluscicidal activity has not been clearly elucidated. This research attempts to decipher these correlations among the 15 compounds isolated from Vietnam-grown A. armata roots against the freshwater snail, Pomacea canaliculata, a gastropod causing severe damage in agricultural production. Methods: Fifteen saponins were isolated from the methanol root extract of A. armata using chromatographic methods and were identified using spectroscopic techniques. The compounds were screened for molluscicidal activity against P. canaliculata, as well as toxicity against brine shrimp ( Artemia sp.) and phytotoxicity against rice germination and growth. Results: The saponin compounds exhibited extraordinary inhibition of P. canaliculata with LC50 values ranging from 7.90 to 17.50 µg/mL. Notably, the active compounds from A. armata exhibit safety for both nontarget aquatic animals, specifically Artemia sp. with LC50 values between 148.55 and 193.22 µg/mL, and the growth and development of Oryza sativa L. plants showed very little difference compared with the negative control . A molecular docking analysis indicated P. canaliculata acetylcholinesterase (PcAChE) and the actin-binding protein villin (PcVillin) to be potential biomolecular targets of the A. armata saponins. Conclusion: The present experimental and in silico data illustrate the potential of A. armata in agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Hong Chuong Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural sciences, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Giang Thi Kim Lien
- Institute for Research and Executive Education, The University of Danang, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Pham Hai Yen
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Tam Ho
- Faculty of Natural sciences, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Do Thi Thuy Van
- University of Science Education, The University of Danang, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Phan Van Kiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huy Hung
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural sciences, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Ping-Chung Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA
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Wei M, Hu Y, Zou W, Li Y, Cao Y, Li S, Huang J, Xing L, Huang B, Wang X. Physicochemical property and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from the seed cakes of Camellia oleifera Abel. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1667-1682. [PMID: 35592294 PMCID: PMC9094452 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed cake refers to the food by‐product of Camellia oleifera Abel, and its insufficient utilization can cause serious environment pollution and resource waste. This study aimed to investigate antioxidant activities of the polysaccharide from the seed cakes of Camellia oleifera Abel (COCP) in vitro and in vivo. The physicochemical property of COCP was also determined. COCP was characterized to be an acidic glycoprotein and mainly consisted of rhamnose (Rha), arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), glucose (Glc), xylose (Xyl), mannose (Man), and galacturonic acid (Gal‐UA). COCP exhibited the polysaccharide's characteristic absorption in the Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and showed as sheet‐like structures with a smooth surface under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). COCP exerted good scavenging activities on ABTS, DPPH, and OH radicals, with IC50 values of 2.94, 2.24, and 5.09 mg/ml, respectively. COCP treatment improved learning and memory abilities of D‐galactose‐induced aging mice. Significant decreases were found in the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum, as aging mice were supplemented with COCP. Aging mice showed obviously higher malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activities in serum, brain, liver, kidney, and heart. The phenomena were noticeably reversed when mice were treated with COCP. Results indicated that COCP exerted excellent antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo, which support its potential application as a natural antioxidant in food and medicine industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meidan Wei
- School of Public Health and Health Management Gannan Medical University Ganzhou China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- School of Public Health and Health Management Gannan Medical University Ganzhou China
| | - Wanshuang Zou
- School of Public Health and Health Management Gannan Medical University Ganzhou China
| | - Yanping Li
- Scientific Research Center Gannan Medical University Ganzhou China
| | - Yiyang Cao
- School of Public Health and Health Management Gannan Medical University Ganzhou China
| | - Shangtong Li
- School of Public Health and Health Management Gannan Medical University Ganzhou China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Gannan Medical University Ganzhou China
| | - Lingyu Xing
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University Ganzhou China
| | - Bingjie Huang
- School of Public Health and Health Management Gannan Medical University Ganzhou China
| | - Xiaoyin Wang
- School of Public Health and Health Management Gannan Medical University Ganzhou China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases Ministry of Education Gannan Medical University Ganzhou China
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14
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Miranda ACV, Leães GF, Copetti MV. FUNGAL BIOFILMS: INSIGHTS FOR THE FOOD INDUSTRY. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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