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González-Orozco BD, McGovern CJ, Barringer SA, Simons C, Jiménez-Flores R, Alvarez VB. Development of probiotic yogurt products incorporated with Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens OSU-BSGOA1 in mono- and co-culture with Kluyveromyces marxianus. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00899-3. [PMID: 38851574 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The bacterium Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens OSU-BDGOA1 and yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus bdgo-ym6 were previously isolated from kefir grains and have shown probiotic traits in mono- and coculture. This research evaluates the effect of introducing probiotic kefir microorganisms in monoculture and in coculture alongside yogurt starter cultures on the physicochemical and rheological properties, volatile flavor compounds, survival of the microorganisms during simulated digestion, and sensory attributes of the final fermented products. The incorporation of Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens OSU-BDGOA1 in monoculture showed promising outcomes, resulting in a final product showing more solid-like characteristics and potentially improving the texture of the product. There was also a significant increase in the concentration of desirable volatile flavor compounds in the yogurt with the monoculture, particularly 2,3-butanedione, displaying a positive correlation with buttery flavor in the sensory analysis. The inclusion of L. kefiranofaciens in monoculture also promoted better sensory attributes and was significantly better than the yogurt with the coculture with the yeast showing promising results for the incorporation of this probiotic bacterium into functional fermented dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chloe J McGovern
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sheryl A Barringer
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christopher Simons
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rafael Jiménez-Flores
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Valente B Alvarez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Thiele V, Monsé C, Hoffmeyer F, Brüning T, Bünger J, Sucker K. Indoor Air Quality-An Overview of Methods for Measuring Odor Detection Thresholds of Single Substances. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023:104108. [PMID: 37393967 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2023.104108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Odor evaluation is an important topic in the field of indoor air quality. Odor detection threshold (ODT) values are used to derive limit values like odor guide values or odor activity value. However, ODT values for the same substance available in compilations or published before 2003 rarely have an accuracy of less than three orders of magnitude. Stimulus preparation, including analytical verification, stimulus presentation, as well as selection and training of test subjects have been identified as major sources of variability. ODT values obtained by validated standardized methods are now considered objective, reliable, and reproducible. They exhibit a variability of one or two orders of magnitude and are lower than traditionally assumed and reported. This review presents the essential criteria for a well-performed ODT determination. It is intended to assist health and safety professionals in assessing whether the methodological approach of a study was appropriate for determining a valid and reliable ODT value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Thiele
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christinan Monsé
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Frank Hoffmeyer
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bünger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Kirsten Sucker
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
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Klausen FB, Amidi A, Kjærgaard SK, Schlünssen V, Ravn P, Østergaard K, Gutzke VH, Glasius M, Grønborg TK, Hansen SN, Zachariae R, Wargocki P, Sigsgaard T. The effect of air quality on sleep and cognitive performance in school children aged 10-12 years: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2023; 36:177-191. [PMID: 36861764 PMCID: PMC10464806 DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of CO2 during sleep on next-morning cognitive performance in young schoolchildren, the authors performed a double-blind fully balanced crossover placebo-controlled study. MATERIAL AND METHODS The authors included 36 children aged 10-12 years in the climate chamber. The children slept at 21°C in 6 groups each at 3 different conditions separated by 7 days in a random order. Conditions were as follows: high ventilation with CO2 at 700 ppm, high ventilation with added pure CO2 at 2000-3000 ppm, and reduced ventilation with CO2 at 2-3000 ppm and bioeffluents. Children were subjected to a digital cognitive test battery (CANTAB) in the evening prior to sleep and on the next morning after breakfast. Sleep quality was monitored with wrist actigraphs. RESULTS There were no significant exposure effects on cognitive performance. Sleep efficiency was significantly lower at high ventilation with CO2 at 700 ppm which is considered to be a chance effect. No other effects were seen, and no relation between air quality during sleep and next-morning cognitive performance was observed in the children emitting an estimated 10 lCO2/h per child. CONCLUSIONS No effect of CO2 during sleep was found on next day cognition. The children were awakened in the morning, and spent from 45-70 min in well-ventilated rooms before they were tested. Hence, it cannot be precluded that the children have benefitted from the good indoor air quality conditions before and during the testing period. The slightly better sleep efficiency during high CO2 concentrations might be a chance finding. Hence, replication is needed in actual bedrooms controlling for other external factors before any generalizations can be made. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023;36(2):177-91.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Bejder Klausen
- Aarhus University, Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ali Amidi
- Aarhus University, Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren K. Kjærgaard
- Aarhus University, Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Aarhus University, Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Ravn
- Aarhus University, Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Østergaard
- Aarhus University, Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Heitmann Gutzke
- Aarhus University, Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Therese Koops Grønborg
- Aarhus University, Department of Public Health, Research Section of Biostatistics, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stefan Nygaard Hansen
- Aarhus University, Department of Public Health, Research Section of Biostatistics, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Robert Zachariae
- Aarhus University, Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pawel Wargocki
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Aarhus University, Department of Public Health, Section for Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus, Denmark
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Boevé JL, Giot R. Parameter Mapping Sonification of Human Olfactory Thresholds. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050670. [PMID: 37237484 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An objective of chemical ecology is to understand the chemical diversity across and within species, as well as the bioactivity of chemical compounds. We previously studied defensive volatiles from phytophagous insects that were subjected to parameter mapping sonification. The created sounds contained information about the repellent bioactivity of the volatiles, such as the repellence from the volatiles themselves when tested against live predators. Here, we applied a similar sonification process to data about human olfactory thresholds. Randomized mapping conditions were used and a peak sound pressure, Lpeak, was calculated from each audio file. The results indicate that Lpeak values were significantly correlated with the olfactory threshold values (e.g., rS = 0.72, t = 10.19, p < 0.001, Spearman rank-order correlation; standardized olfactory thresholds of 100 volatiles). Furthermore, multiple linear regressions used the olfactory threshold as a dependent variable. The regressions revealed that the molecular weight, the number of carbon and oxygen atoms, as well as the functional groups aldehyde, acid, and (remaining) double bond were significant determinants of the bioactivity, while the functional groups ester, ketone, and alcohol were not. We conclude that the presented sonification methodology that converts chemicals into sound data allows for the study of their bioactivities by integrating compound characteristics that are easily accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Boevé
- OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rudi Giot
- Research Laboratory in the Field of Arts and Sciences, Institut Supérieur Industriel de Bruxelles, Rue Royale 150, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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Richtwerte für Methansäure, Ethansäure und Propansäure in der Innenraumluft. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023; 66:460-475. [PMID: 36995394 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03672-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
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Wise K, Phan N, Selby-Pham J, Simovich T, Gill H. Utilisation of QSPR ODT modelling and odour vector modelling to predict Cannabis sativa odour. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284842. [PMID: 37098051 PMCID: PMC10128932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis flower odour is an important aspect of product quality as it impacts the sensory experience when administered, which can affect therapeutic outcomes in paediatric patient populations who may reject unpalatable products. However, the cannabis industry has a reputation for having products with inconsistent odour descriptions and misattributed strain names due to the costly and laborious nature of sensory testing. Herein, we evaluate the potential of using odour vector modelling for predicting the odour intensity of cannabis products. Odour vector modelling is proposed as a process for transforming routinely produced volatile profiles into odour intensity (OI) profiles which are hypothesised to be more informative to the overall product odour (sensory descriptor; SD). However, the calculation of OI requires compound odour detection thresholds (ODT), which are not available for many of the compounds present in natural volatile profiles. Accordingly, to apply the odour vector modelling process to cannabis, a QSPR statistical model was first produced to predict ODT from physicochemical properties. The model presented herein was produced by polynomial regression with 10-fold cross-validation from 1,274 median ODT values to produce a model with R2 = 0.6892 and a 10-fold R2 = 0.6484. This model was then applied to terpenes which lacked experimentally determined ODT values to facilitate vector modelling of cannabis OI profiles. Logistic regression and k-means unsupervised cluster analysis was applied to both the raw terpene data and the transformed OI profiles to predict the SD of 265 cannabis samples and the accuracy of the predictions across the two datasets was compared. Out of the 13 SD categories modelled, OI profiles performed equally well or better than the volatile profiles for 11 of the SD, and across all SD the OI data was on average 21.9% more accurate (p = 0.031). The work herein is the first example of the application of odour vector modelling to complex volatile profiles of natural products and demonstrates the utility of OI profiles for the prediction of cannabis odour. These findings advance both the understanding of the odour modelling process which has previously only been applied to simple mixtures, and the cannabis industry which can utilise this process for more accurate prediction of cannabis odour and thereby reduce unpleasant patient experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimber Wise
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Nutrifield, Sunshine West, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas Phan
- Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jamie Selby-Pham
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Nutrifield, Sunshine West, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tomer Simovich
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- PerkinElmer Inc., Glen Waverley, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harsharn Gill
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Roslund KE, Lehto M, Pussinen P, Metsälä M. Volatile composition of the morning breath. J Breath Res 2022; 16. [PMID: 36055216 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac8ec8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We have measured the composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the morning breath of 30 healthy individuals before and after tooth brushing. The concentrations of VOCs in the breath samples were measured with proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and further identification was performed with a combination of solid phase microextraction (SPME) and offline gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We hypothesize that compounds, whose concentrations significantly decreased in the breath after tooth brushing are largely of microbial origin. In this study, we found 35 such VOCs. Out of these, 33 have been previously connected to different oral niches, such as salivary and subgingival bacteria. We also compared the concentrations of the 35 VOCs found in increased amounts in the morning breath to their respective odor thresholds to evaluate their ability to cause odor. Compounds that could contribute to the breath odor include many volatile sulfur compounds, such as methanethiol, hydrogen sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, and 2-methyl-1-propanethiol, but also other VOCs, such as acetic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, acetaldehyde, octanal, phenol, indole, ammonia, isoprene, and methyl methacrylate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajsa Emilia Roslund
- Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 (Chemicum), PL 55, Helsinki, 00014, FINLAND
| | - Markku Lehto
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290 , FINLAND
| | - Pirkko Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki Institute of Dentistry, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, FINLAND
| | - Markus Metsälä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 55, Helsinki, FIN-00014 , FINLAND
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Wise PM, Ledyard A. Human Oral Sensitivity to and Taste Modulation by 3-Mercapto-2-Methylpentan-1-ol. CHEMOSENS PERCEPT 2022; 15:70-86. [PMID: 35233259 PMCID: PMC8873352 DOI: 10.1007/s12078-022-09295-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction 3-Mercapto-2-methylpentan-1-ol (3 M) is a key onion flavor (aroma), but past sensory work has focused primarily on ortho-nasal presentation. A series of experiments was conducted to characterize human sensitivity to oral 3 M solutions, then determine how 3 M impacts perception of basic tastes. Methods Detection thresholds were measured for a food grade, racemic mixture using a forced-choice staircase procedure (n = 19). Recognition was measured by presenting a single stimulus per trial (3 M, vanillin, or water), with "onion," "vanilla," or "water" as responses (n = 18). Supra-threshold intensity (n = 20) was measured for various concentrations using the general labeled magnitude scale (gLMS). Odor-taste interactions were studied using mixtures of 3 M and exemplars of basic tastes. Participants rated the intensity of basic tastes, or both taste and aroma, using the gLMS (n ranged from 10 to 15). All stimuli were in aqueous solution. Results Participants detected oral 3 M at about 0.90 ppb and recognized 3 M as "onion" at about 5 ppb. Supra-threshold intensity increased roughly as a cumulative logistic function of concentration. 3 M enhanced the rated savory intensity of monosodium glutamate, but did not enhance the dominant qualities of exemplars of the other four basic tastes. Under a response-context more favorable to an analytic approach, savory enhancement was reduced but not eliminated. Savory enhancement was eliminated with nose-clips. Conclusions Oral sensitivity was lower than previous retronasal studies would suggest, but roughly consistent with concentrations in cooked allium varieties. Oral 3 M selectively enhanced savory intensity, an effect likely due to retronasal aroma rather than taste or mouthfeel. Implication 3 M is a promising candidate aroma to enhance or impart a savory flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Wise
- grid.250221.60000 0000 9142 2735Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3308 USA
| | - Anne Ledyard
- grid.250221.60000 0000 9142 2735Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3308 USA
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Abstract
The verification of odor abatement technologies for livestock production based on chemical odorants requires a method for conversion into an odor value that reflects the significance of the individual odorants. The aim of the present study was to compare the SOAV method (Sum of Odor Activity Values) with the odor detection threshold measured by olfactometry and to investigate the assumption of additivity. Synthetic pig house air with odorants at realistic concentration levels was used in the study (hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, trimethylamine, butanoic acid, and 4-methylphenol). An olfactometer with only PTFE in contact with sample air was used to estimate odor threshold values (OTVs) and the odor detection threshold for samples with two to five odorants. The results show a good correlation (R2 = 0.88) between SOAV estimated based on the OTVs for panelists in the present study and values found in the literature. For the majority of the samples, the ratio between the odor detection threshold and SOAV was not significantly different from one, which indicates that the OAV for individual odorants in a mixture can be considered additive. In conclusion, the assumption of additivity between odorants measured in pig house air seems reasonable, but the strength of the method is determined by the OTV data used.
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Salthammer T, Monegel F, Schulz N, Uhde E, Grimme S, Seibert J, Hohm U, Palm W. Sensory Perception of Non-Deuterated and Deuterated Organic Compounds. Chemistry 2021; 27:1046-1056. [PMID: 33058253 PMCID: PMC7839723 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The chemical background of olfactory perception has been subject of intensive research, but no available model can fully explain the sense of smell. There are also inconsistent results on the role of the isotopology of molecules. In experiments with human subjects it was found that the isotope effect is weak with acetone and D6 -acetone. In contrast, clear differences were observed in the perception of octanoic acid and D15 -octanoic acid. Furthermore, a trained sniffer dog was initially able to distinguish between these isotopologues of octanoic acid. In chromatographic measurements, the respective deuterated molecule showed weaker interaction with a non-polar liquid phase. Quantum chemical calculations give evidence that deuterated octanoic acid binds more strongly to a model receptor than non-deuterated. In contrast, the binding of the non-deuterated molecule is stronger with acetone. The isotope effect is calculated in the framework of statistical mechanics. It results from a complicated interplay between various thermostatistical contributions to the non-covalent free binding energies and it turns out to be very molecule-specific. The vibrational terms including non-classical zero-point energies play about the same role as rotational/translational contributions and are larger than bond length effects for the differential isotope perception of odor for which general rules cannot be derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunga Salthammer
- Department of Material Analysis and Indoor ChemistryFraunhofer WKI38108BraunschweigGermany
| | - Friederike Monegel
- Department of Material Analysis and Indoor ChemistryFraunhofer WKI38108BraunschweigGermany
| | - Nicole Schulz
- Department of Material Analysis and Indoor ChemistryFraunhofer WKI38108BraunschweigGermany
| | - Erik Uhde
- Department of Material Analysis and Indoor ChemistryFraunhofer WKI38108BraunschweigGermany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Bonn53115BonnGermany
| | - Jakob Seibert
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Bonn53115BonnGermany
| | - Uwe Hohm
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Braunschweig—Institute of Technology38106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Wolf‐Ulrich Palm
- Institute of Sustainable and Environmental ChemistryLeuphana University Lüneburg21335LüneburgGermany
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Hanková M, Čížková H. Sensory active substances causing off-odour in liquid whey during storage. POTRAVINARSTVO 2020. [DOI: 10.5219/1324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid whey is a nutritious product with high water activity and neutral pH. Therefore, it is very susceptible to microbiological spoilage that results in undesirable off-odors. Additionally, minimally processed foods are the recent trend so setting an appropriate shelf life is essential. The commonly used microbiological methods are lengthy and time-demanding, so a quick and early identification of microbial degradation would be a significant benefit. Here we tested a solid-phase microextraction, gas chromatography with mass spectrometry coupled with olfactometry analysis (SPME-GC-MS/O) on samples of sweet unpasteurized liquid whey stored at 6 °C, 12 °C and 25 °C for a week. We compared the common methods – plate methods, measurement of pH, and dry matter determination with our proposed SPME-GC-MS/O. We have identified seven sensory active compounds while octanoic acid and a compound not reliably identified by the MS detector (with main m/z observed 133 (100), 151 (65), and 135 (26)) being the most prominent. Microbiological methods proved irreplaceable for proper setting of storage conditions (with the growth of coliforms being significant (p <0.001) at 25 °C). However, SPME-GC-MS/O was able to identify volatile substances responsible for off-odors and can be used as a powerful tool to detect the cause of undesirable chemical and microbial changes in whey beverages.
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Fan Y, Odabasi A, Sims C, Schneider K, Gao Z, Sarnoski P. Utilization of Descriptive Sensory Analysis and Volatile Analysis to Determine Quality Indicators of Aquacultured Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopanaeus vannemei) during Refrigerated Storage. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2020.1799470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Asli Odabasi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Charles Sims
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Keith Schneider
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Zhifeng Gao
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Paul Sarnoski
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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Natrella G, Faccia M, Lorenzo JM, De Palo P, Gambacorta G. Short communication: Sensory characteristics and volatile organic compound profile of high-moisture mozzarella made by traditional and direct acidification technology. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:2089-2097. [PMID: 31954576 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the sensory characteristics and the volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles of high-moisture mozzarella made by different acidification techniques were compared. The cheeses were manufactured at the same dairy by fermentation by autochthonous natural whey starter (traditional backslopping method) and direct acidification with citric acid (the most used industrial technology). Three cheesemaking trials were performed from February to June using raw milk from a single farm. The mozzarella samples were subjected to assessment of the chemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics and to VOC analysis by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The relevant microbiological differences found between the 2 types of products were reflected in different sensory and VOC profiles. The cheeses were clearly discriminated by the panel, and traditional mozzarella had higher intensity attributes. The most discriminating descriptors were elasticity, overall odor and taste intensity, sour milk and fruity/vegetable odors, sour taste, and aftertaste. Even though some variability was observed among the trials, the VOC profile of traditional product was always much more complex than that obtained by direct acidification. In both products the carbonyl compounds were the most abundant chemical class, accounting for about 50% of the total. In detail, 51 compounds were identified in the entire set of samples, and their contribution to cheese aroma was roughly estimated by calculating the odor activity values on the basis of the odor thresholds available in the literature. The results allowed hypothesizing that only 12 of them could play a primary role. The most important among the odor-active compounds was 3-methyl-butanal that can both derive from metabolism of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. The results of the study may be very useful in view of European Union PDO labeling of the traditional product, in terms of protecting it from imitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Natrella
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari, via G. Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M Faccia
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari, via G. Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - J M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia No 4, ParqueTecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrán das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - P De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, S.P. per Casamassima km 3, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - G Gambacorta
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari, via G. Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Kim M, Song J, Nishi K, Sowndhararajan K, Kim S. Changes in the Electroencephalographic Activity in Response to Odors Produced by Organic Compounds. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Volatile organic compounds are widely used to manufacture various products in addition to research purposes. They play an important role in the air quality of outdoor and indoor with a pleasant or unpleasant odor. It is well known that the odor of chemicals with different structures can affect brain functions differently. In general, organic compounds are mainly characterized by their functional groups. Acetic acid, acetaldehyde, acetone, and acetonitrile are widely used laboratory chemicals with the same methyl group, but different functional groups. Hence, the present study was aimed to investigate whether the exposure of these four chemicals (10%) exhibits the same electroencephalographic (EEG) activity or different. For this purpose, the EEG was recorded in 20 male healthy volunteers. The EEG was recorded from 32 electrodes located on the scalp, based on the International 10–20 system with modified combinatorial nomenclature. The results indicated that tested subjects are less sensitive to acetic acid odor than other three chemicals. The absolute theta activity significantly increased at Cp5 and F8 regions, and the relative mid-beta (RMB) significantly decreased at Fc1 region during the exposure of acetic acid. On the other hand, acetaldehyde, acetone, and acetonitrile produced EEG changes in many indices such as relative theta, relative gamma, relative high beta, relative beta, relative slow beta, the ratio of alpha to high beta, and spectral edge frequencies. However, there was no significant change in the absolute wave activity. Although acetaldehyde, acetone, and acetonitrile odors affected almost similar EEG indices, they exhibited changes in different brain regions. The variations in the EEG activity of these chemicals may be due to the activation of different olfactory receptors, odor characteristics, and structural arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minju Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Song
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kosuke Nishi
- Department of Bioscience, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- Gangwon Perfume Alchemy Ltd. Co., Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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15
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Hansen MJ, Kasper PL, Adamsen APS, Feilberg A. Key Odorants from Pig Production Based on Improved Measurements of Odor Threshold Values Combining Olfactometry and Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS). SENSORS 2018; 18:s18030788. [PMID: 29509664 PMCID: PMC5876742 DOI: 10.3390/s18030788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Analytical measurements of odorants in combination with odor threshold values is an alternative to sensory measurements that can be used to evaluate abatement technologies for pig production facilities. The purpose of the present study was to estimate odor threshold values for key odorants found in pig house air. A new method was applied where an olfactometer was used to dilute the sample air and the concentrations of odorants presented to the panelists at the dilutions steps were measured by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). The results demonstrate that the odor threshold values of acetic acid, butanoic acid, and 4-methylphenol are considerably lower than reported previously, whereas the values of hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol and dimethylsulfide were comparable. Consequently, acetic acid, butanoic acid, and 4-methyl-phenol will have a larger influence on odor from pig production facilities than previously assumed. The results highlight the necessity for directly measuring exposure concentrations when determining odor threshold values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anders Feilberg
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
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16
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Tempere S, Schaaper MH, Lytra G, Barbe JC, Riquier L, Marchand S, de Revel G, Sicard G. Molecular determinism of specific anosmia to 2-bromo-4-methylphenol. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Tempere
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577 OEnologie, F-33140; Villenave d'Ornon France
- INRA, ISVV, USC 1366 OEnologie, F-33140; Villenave d'Ornon France
| | - Marie-Hélène Schaaper
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577 OEnologie, F-33140; Villenave d'Ornon France
- INRA, ISVV, USC 1366 OEnologie, F-33140; Villenave d'Ornon France
| | - Georgia Lytra
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577 OEnologie, F-33140; Villenave d'Ornon France
- INRA, ISVV, USC 1366 OEnologie, F-33140; Villenave d'Ornon France
| | - Jean-Christophe Barbe
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577 OEnologie, F-33140; Villenave d'Ornon France
- INRA, ISVV, USC 1366 OEnologie, F-33140; Villenave d'Ornon France
| | - Laurent Riquier
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577 OEnologie, F-33140; Villenave d'Ornon France
- INRA, ISVV, USC 1366 OEnologie, F-33140; Villenave d'Ornon France
| | - Stephanie Marchand
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577 OEnologie, F-33140; Villenave d'Ornon France
- INRA, ISVV, USC 1366 OEnologie, F-33140; Villenave d'Ornon France
| | - Gilles de Revel
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577 OEnologie, F-33140; Villenave d'Ornon France
- INRA, ISVV, USC 1366 OEnologie, F-33140; Villenave d'Ornon France
| | - Gilles Sicard
- Univ. Aix-Marseille, UMR7249, Neurophysiologie des interactions cellulaires et neuropathologie; Marseille France
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17
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Abraham MH, Gola JMR, Cometto-Muñiz JE. An assessment of air quality reflecting the chemosensory irritation impact of mixtures of volatile organic compounds. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 86:84-91. [PMID: 26550706 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a method to assess the air quality of an environment based on the chemosensory irritation impact of mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in such environment. We begin by approximating the sigmoid function that characterizes psychometric plots of probability of irritation detection (Q) versus VOC vapor concentration to a linear function. First, we apply an established equation that correlates and predicts human sensory irritation thresholds (SIT) (i.e., nasal and eye irritation) based on the transfer of the VOC from the gas phase to biophases, e.g., nasal mucus and tear film. Second, we expand the equation to include other biological data (e.g., odor detection thresholds) and to include further VOCs that act mainly by "specific" effects rather than by transfer (i.e., "physical") effects as defined in the article. Then we show that, for 72 VOCs in common, Q values based on our calculated SITs are consistent with the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) listed for those same VOCs on the basis of sensory irritation by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Third, we set two equations to calculate the probability (Qmix) that a given air sample containing a number of VOCs could elicit chemosensory irritation: one equation based on response addition (Qmix scale: 0.00 to 1.00) and the other based on dose addition (1000*Qmix scale: 0 to 2000). We further validate the applicability of our air quality assessment method by showing that both Qmix scales provide values consistent with the expected sensory irritation burden from VOC mixtures present in a wide variety of indoor and outdoor environments as reported on field studies in the literature. These scales take into account both the concentration of VOCs at a particular site and the propensity of the VOCs to evoke sensory irritation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Abraham
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H OAJ, UK.
| | - Joelle M R Gola
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H OAJ, UK
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18
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Cometto-Muñiz JE, Abraham MH. Dose-Response Functions for the Olfactory, Nasal Trigeminal, and Ocular Trigeminal Detectability of Airborne Chemicals by Humans. Chem Senses 2015; 41:3-14. [PMID: 26476441 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjv060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We gathered from the literature 47 odor and 37 trigeminal (nasal and ocular) chemesthetic psychometric (i.e., detectability or dose-response) functions from a group of 41 chemicals. Vapors delivered were quantified by analytical methods. All functions were very well fitted by the sigmoid (logistic) equation: y = 1 / (1 + e({-(x-C)/D})), where parameter C quantifies the detection threshold concentration and parameter D the steepness of the function. Odor and chemesthetic functions showed no concentration overlap: olfactory functions grew along the parts per billion (ppb by volume) range or lower, whereas trigeminal functions grew along the part per million (ppm by volume) range. Although, on average, odor detectability rose from chance detection to perfect detection within 2 orders of magnitude in concentration, chemesthetic detectability did it within one. For 16 compounds having at least 1 odor and 1 chemesthetic function, the average gap between the 2 functions was 4.6 orders of magnitude in concentration. A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) using 5 chemical descriptors that had previously described stand-alone odor and chemesthetic threshold values, also holds promise to describe, and eventually predict, olfactory and chemesthetic detectability functions, albeit functions from additional compounds are needed to strengthen the QSAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Enrique Cometto-Muñiz
- University of California-San Diego, 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive, Suite C135, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA and
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Cometto-Muñiz JE, Abraham MH. Compilation and analysis of types and concentrations of airborne chemicals measured in various indoor and outdoor human environments. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 127:70-86. [PMID: 25666050 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this article is to summarize and illustrate the results of a literature search on the types, levels, relative concentrations, concentration spread of individual chemicals, and number of airborne compounds (mostly volatile organic compounds, VOCs) that have been found, measured, and reported both indoors and outdoors. Two broad categories of indoor environments are considered: (1) home/school, and (2) commercial spaces. Also, two categories of outdoor environments are considered: (1) non-industrial and (2) industrial (the latter represented by the vicinity of a pig farm and the vicinity of an oil refinery). The outcome is presented as a series of graphs and tables containing the following statistics: geometric mean, arithmetic mean, median, standard deviation, variance, standard error, interquartile distance, minimum value, maximum value, and number of data (data count) for the air concentration of each reported compound in a given environment. A Supplementary Table allows interested readers to match each single value included in this compilation with its corresponding original reference.
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20
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Blazy V, de Guardia A, Benoist JC, Daumoin M, Lemasle M, Wolbert D, Barrington S. Odorous gaseous emissions as influence by process condition for the forced aeration composting of pig slaughterhouse sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 34:1125-38. [PMID: 24768513 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Compost sustainability requires a better control of its gaseous emissions responsible for several impacts including odours. Indeed, composting odours have stopped the operation of many platforms and prevented the installation of others. Accordingly, present technologies collecting and treating gases emitted from composting are not satisfactory and alternative solutions must be found. Thus, the aim of this paper was to study the influence of composting process conditions on gaseous emissions. Pig slaughterhouse sludge mixed with wood chips was composted under forced aerationin 300 L laboratory reactors. The process conditions studied were: aeration rate of 1.68, 4.03, 6.22, 9.80 and 13.44 L/h/kg of wet sludge; incorporation ratio of 0.55, 0.83 and 1.1 (kg of wet wood chips/kg of wet sludge), and; bulking agent particles size of <10, 10<20 and 20<30 mm. Out-going gases were sampled every 2 days and their composition was analysed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fifty-nine compounds were identified and quantified. Dividing the cumulated mass production over 30 days of composting, by odour threshold, 9 compounds were identified as main potential odour contributors: hydrogen sulphide, trimethylamine, ammonia, 2-pentanone, 1-propanol-2-methyl, dimethyl sulphide, dimethyl disulphide, dimethyl trisulphide and acetophenone. Five gaseous compounds were correlated with both aeration rate and bulking agent to waste ratio: hydrogen sulphide, trimethylamine, ammonia, 2-pentanone and 1-propanol-2-methyl. However, dropping the aeration rate and increasing the bulking agent to waste ratio reduced gaseous odour emissions by a factor of 5-10, when the required threshold dilution factor ranged from 10(5) to 10(6), to avoid nuisance at peak emission rates. Process influence on emissions of dimethyl sulphide, dimethyl disulphide, dimethyl trisulphide were poorly correlated with both aeration rate and bulking agent to waste ratio as a reaction with hydrogen sulphide was suspected. Acetophenone emissions originated from the wood chips. Olfactory measurements need to be correlated to gaseous emissions for a more accurate odour emission evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Blazy
- Irstea, UR GERE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France.
| | - A de Guardia
- Irstea, UR GERE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France.
| | - J C Benoist
- Irstea, UR GERE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France
| | - M Daumoin
- Irstea, UR GERE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France
| | - M Lemasle
- Laboratoire Sciences Chimiques de Rennes - équipe Chimie et Ingénierie des Procédés, UMR 6226 CNRS, ENSCR, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35700 Rennes, France
| | - D Wolbert
- Laboratoire Sciences Chimiques de Rennes - équipe Chimie et Ingénierie des Procédés, UMR 6226 CNRS, ENSCR, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35700 Rennes, France
| | - S Barrington
- Irstea, UR GERE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France; Concordia University, Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1455 de Maisonneuve, Montréal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada.
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21
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Gesundheitlich-hygienische Beurteilung von Geruchsstoffen in der Innenraumluft mithilfe von Geruchsleitwerten. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-013-1882-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Rizvanovic A, Amundin M, Laska M. Olfactory discrimination ability of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) for structurally related odorants. Chem Senses 2012; 38:107-18. [PMID: 23246848 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjs097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a food-rewarded two-choice instrumental conditioning paradigm, we assessed the ability of Asian elephants, Elephas maximus, to discriminate between 2 sets of structurally related odorants. We found that the animals successfully discriminated between all 12 odor pairs involving members of homologous series of aliphatic 1-alcohols, n-aldehydes, 2-ketones, and n-carboxylic acids even when the stimuli differed from each other by only 1 carbon. With all 4 chemical classes, the elephants displayed a positive correlation between discrimination performance and structural similarity of odorants in terms of differences in carbon chain length. The animals also successfully discriminated between all 12 enantiomeric odor pairs tested. An analysis of odor structure-activity relationships suggests that a combination of molecular structural properties rather than a single molecular feature may be responsible for the discriminability of enantiomers. Compared with other species tested previously on the same sets of odor pairs (or on subsets thereof), the Asian elephants performed at least as well as mice and clearly better than human subjects, squirrel monkeys, pigtail macaques, South African fur seals, and honeybees. Further comparisons suggest that neither the relative nor the absolute size of the olfactory bulbs appear to be reliable predictors of between-species differences in olfactory discrimination capabilities. In contrast, we found a positive correlation between the number of functional olfactory receptor genes and the proportion of discriminable enantiomeric odor pairs. Taken together, the results of the present study support the notion that the sense of smell may play an important role in regulating the behavior of Asian elephants.
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23
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Can Güven S, Laska M. Olfactory sensitivity and odor structure-activity relationships for aliphatic carboxylic acids in CD-1 mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34301. [PMID: 22479594 PMCID: PMC3316622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a conditioning paradigm, the olfactory sensitivity of CD-1 mice for a homologous series of aliphatic n-carboxylic acids (ethanoic acid to n-octanoic acid) and several of their isomeric forms was investigated. With all 14 odorants, the animals significantly discriminated concentrations as low as 0.03 ppm (parts per million) from the solvent, and with four odorants the best-scoring animals even detected concentrations as low as 3 ppt (parts per trillion). Analysis of odor structure-activity relationships showed that the correlation between olfactory detection thresholds of the mice for the unbranched carboxylic acids and carbon chain length can best be described as a U-shaped function with the lowest threshold values at n-butanoic acid. A significant positive correlation between olfactory detection thresholds and carbon chain length of the carboxylic acids with their branching next to the functional carboxyl group was found. In contrast, no such correlation was found for carboxylic acids with their branching at the distal end of the carbon chain relative to the functional carboxyl group. Finally, a significant correlation was found between olfactory detection thresholds and the position of the branching of the carboxylic acids. Across-species comparisons suggest that mice are more sensitive for short-chained (C2 to C4) aliphatic n-carboxylic acids than other mammalian species, but not for longer-chained ones (C5 to C8). Further comparisons suggest that odor structure-activity relationships are both substance class- and species-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Laska
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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24
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Abraham MH, Sánchez-Moreno R, Cometto-Muñiz JE, Cain WS. An algorithm for 353 odor detection thresholds in humans. Chem Senses 2012; 37:207-18. [PMID: 21976369 PMCID: PMC3278675 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjr094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred and ninety three odor detection thresholds, ODTs, obtained by Nagata using the Japanese triangular bag method can be correlated as log (1/ODT) by a linear equation with R(2) = 0.748 and a standard deviation, SD, of 0.830 log units; the latter may be compared with our estimate of 0.66 log units for the self-consistency of Nagata's data. Aldehydes, acids, unsaturated esters, and mercaptans were included in the equation through indicator variables that took into account the higher potency of these compounds. The ODTs obtained by Cometto-Muñiz and Cain, by Cometto-Muñiz and Abraham, and by Hellman and Small could be put on the same scale as those of Nagata to yield a linear equation for 353 ODTs with R(2) = 0.759 and SD = 0.819 log units. The compound descriptors are available for several thousand compounds, and can be calculated from structure, so that further ODT values on the Nagata scale can be predicted for a host of volatile or semivolatile compounds.
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Ferreira V. Revisiting psychophysical work on the quantitative and qualitative odour properties of simple odour mixtures: a flavour chemistry view. Part 1: intensity and detectability. A review. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Ferreira
- Laboratory for Aroma Analysis and Enology, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A); Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Zaragoza; 50009; Zaragoza; Spain
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