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Moazzen H, Gharibzadeh S, Bakouie F. Exploring perceptual grouping by proximity principle in multistable dot lattices: Dissociation between vision-for-perception and vision-for-action. Atten Percept Psychophys 2024; 86:2053-2077. [PMID: 39090511 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Perceptual grouping, a fundamental mechanism in our visual system, significantly influences our interpretation of and interaction with the surrounding world. This study explores the impact of the proximity principle from the perspective of the Two Visual Systems (TVS) model. The TVS model argues that the visual system comprises two distinct streams: the ventral stream, which forms the neural basis for "vision-for-perception," and the dorsal stream, which underlies "vision-for-action." We designed a perceptual grouping task using dot lattices as well as a line-orientation discrimination task. Data were collected using vocal and mouse methods for the vision-for-perception mode, and joystick and pen-paper methods for the vision-for-action mode. Each method, except for vocal, included separate blocks for right and left hands. The proximity data were fitted using exponential and power models. Linear mixed-effects models were used for the statistical analyses. The results revealed similar line-orientation discrimination accuracy across all conditions. The exponential model emerged as the best fit, demonstrating adherence to the Pure Distance Law in both perceptual modes. Sensitivity to the proximity principle was higher in the vision-for-action mode compared to the vision-for-perception. In terms of orientation biases, a strong preference for vertical orientation was observed in the vision-for-perception mode, whereas a noticeable preference toward either of the oblique orientations was detected in the vision-for-action mode. Analysis of free-drawn lines demonstrated an affordance bias in the vision-for-action mode. This suggests a remarkable tendency to perceive organizations within specific orientations that offer more affordances due to the interaction between the body postures and tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamze Moazzen
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahriar Gharibzadeh
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bakouie
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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Towards a Pragmatic Approach to a Psychophysiological Unit of Analysis for Mental and Brain Disorders: An EEG-Copeia for Neurofeedback. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2020; 44:151-172. [PMID: 31098793 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-019-09440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This article proposes what we call an "EEG-Copeia" for neurofeedback, like the "Pharmacopeia" for psychopharmacology. This paper proposes to define an "EEG-Copeia" as an organized list of scientifically validated EEG markers, characterized by a specific association with an identified cognitive process, that define a psychophysiological unit of analysis useful for mental or brain disorder evaluation and treatment. A characteristic of EEG neurofeedback for mental and brain disorders is that it targets a EEG markers related to a supposed cognitive process, whereas conventional treatments target clinical manifestations. This could explain why EEG neurofeedback studies encounter difficulty in achieving reproducibility and validation. The present paper suggests that a first step to optimize EEG neurofeedback protocols and future research is to target a valid EEG marker. The specificity of the cognitive skills trained and learned during real time feedback of the EEG marker could be enhanced and both the reliability of neurofeedback training and the therapeutic impact optimized. However, several of the most well-known EEG markers have seldom been applied for neurofeedback. Moreover, we lack a reliable and valid EEG targets library for further RCT to evaluate the efficacy of neurofeedback in mental and brain disorders. With the present manuscript, our aim is to foster dialogues between cognitive neuroscience and EEG neurofeedback according to a psychophysiological perspective. The primary objective of this review was to identify the most robust EEG target. EEG markers linked with one or several clearly identified cognitive-related processes will be identified. The secondary objective was to organize these EEG markers and related cognitive process in a psychophysiological unit of analysis matrix inspired by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project.
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Madan CR, Chen YY, Singhal A. ERPs Differentially Reflect Automatic and Deliberate Processing of the Functional Manipulability of Objects. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:360. [PMID: 27536224 PMCID: PMC4971017 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that the functional properties of an object can interact with perceptual, cognitive, and motor processes. Previously we have found that a between-subjects manipulation of judgment instructions resulted in different manipulability-related memory biases in an incidental memory test. To better understand this effect we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) while participants made judgments about images of objects that were either high or low in functional manipulability (e.g., hammer vs. ladder). Using a between-subjects design, participants judged whether they had seen the object recently (Personal Experience), or could manipulate the object using their hand (Functionality). We focused on the P300 and slow-wave event-related potentials (ERPs) as reflections of attentional allocation. In both groups, we observed higher P300 and slow wave amplitudes for high-manipulability objects at electrodes Pz and C3. As P300 is thought to reflect bottom-up attentional processes, this may suggest that the processing of high-manipulability objects recruited more attentional resources. Additionally, the P300 effect was greater in the Functionality group. A more complex pattern was observed at electrode C3 during slow wave: processing the high-manipulability objects in the Functionality instruction evoked a more positive slow wave than in the other three conditions, likely related to motor simulation processes. These data provide neural evidence that effects of manipulability on stimulus processing are further mediated by automatic vs. deliberate motor-related processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Madan
- Department of Psychology, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Psychology, Boston CollegeChestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Yvonne Y Chen
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anthony Singhal
- Department of Psychology, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB, Canada
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Xu Y, Chai H, Zhang B, Gao Q, Fan H, Zheng L, Mao H, Zhang Y, Wang W. Event-related potentials elicited by the Deutsch "high-low" word illusion in the patients with first-episode schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:33. [PMID: 26892784 PMCID: PMC4758162 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exact cerebral structural and functional mechanisms under the auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) in schizophrenia are still unclear. The Deutsch "high-low" word illusion might trigger attentional responses mimicking those under AVHs. METHODS We therefore have invited 16 patients with first-episode, paranoid schizophrenia, and 16 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers to undergo the "oddball" event-related potentials elicited by the illusion. The clinical characteristics of patients were measured with the positive and negative symptom scale. RESULTS Besides the longer reaction time to the illusion, the standard P2 latency was shortened, the N2 latency was prolonged, and both N1 and P3 amplitudes were reduced in patients. The P3 source analyses showed the activated bilateral temporal lobes, parietal lobe and cingulate cortex in both groups, left inferior temporal gyrus in controls, and left postcentral gyrus in schizophrenia. Moreover, the N1 amplitude was positively correlated with the paranoid score in patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results were in line with previous neurophysiological and neuroimaging reports of hallucination or auditory processing in schizophrenia, and illustrated a whole process of cerebral information processing from N1 to P3, indicating this illusion had triggered a dynamic cerebral response similar to that of the AVHs had engaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Xu
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hao Chai
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Bingren Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qianqian Gao
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hongying Fan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Leilei Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hongjing Mao
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yonghua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Clinical Psychology, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Giraudet L, St-Louis ME, Scannella S, Causse M. P300 event-related potential as an indicator of inattentional deafness? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118556. [PMID: 25714746 PMCID: PMC4340620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An analysis of airplane accidents reveals that pilots sometimes purely fail to react to critical auditory alerts. This inability of an auditory stimulus to reach consciousness has been coined under the term of inattentional deafness. Recent data from literature tends to show that tasks involving high cognitive load consume most of the attentional capacities, leaving little or none remaining for processing any unexpected information. In addition, there is a growing body of evidence for a shared attentional capacity between vision and hearing. In this context, the abundant information in modern cockpits is likely to produce inattentional deafness. We investigated this hypothesis by combining electroencephalographic (EEG) measurements with an ecological aviation task performed under contextual variation of the cognitive load (high or low), including an alarm detection task. Two different audio tones were played: standard tones and deviant tones. Participants were instructed to ignore standard tones and to report deviant tones using a response pad. More than 31% of the deviant tones were not detected in the high load condition. Analysis of the EEG measurements showed a drastic diminution of the auditory P300 amplitude concomitant with this behavioral effect, whereas the N100 component was not affected. We suggest that these behavioral and electrophysiological results provide new insights on explaining the trend of pilots' failure to react to critical auditory information. Relevant applications concern prevention of alarms omission, mental workload measurements and enhanced warning designs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mickaël Causse
- DMIA, ISAE, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, 31055, France
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Cruikshank LC, Caplan JB, Singhal A. A perception-based ERP reveals that the magnitude of delay matters for memory-guided reaching. Exp Brain Res 2014; 232:2087-94. [PMID: 24691754 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-3897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Delayed action research has suggested that perceptual information about a visual stimulus decays over several seconds. With event-related potential (ERP) methodology, one should be able to track the time course of the electrophysiological processes associated with this decay. Recently, Cruikshank et al. (J Vis 12:29, 2012) found that the N170 ERP component reflected ventral stream processes linked to motor planning and perception for action. Specifically, the N170 was larger for actions that relied on perceptual-based information. However, the delay interval was very short (tens of ms). Behavioral and neuroimaging studies suggest that when longer delays are employed, reactivation of ventral areas is necessary in order to access a stored representation of the target's characteristics. Therefore, the N170 may reflect not only the perception-for-action processes, but also the accuracy of the representation. In order to test this, we traced the time course of the N170 in memory-guided reaching when 1-, 2-, and 3-s delays separated target occlusion and response initiation. During reach initiation, the N170 was more negative and peaked earlier for the 1 s than the 2- and 3-s delays and correlated significantly with performance at the longest delay. These results suggest that the neural mechanisms involved in movement planning change for delays beyond 1 s. The smaller N170 may reflect an impoverished visual perceptual representation in the ventral stream. To our knowledge, these are the first electrophysiological results to suggest that there is decay of visual perceptual information that occurs with increasing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanna C Cruikshank
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, 5005-A Katz Group-Rexall Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada,
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Kotchoubey B. First love does not die: a sustaining primacy effect on ERP components in an oddball paradigm. Brain Res 2014; 1556:38-45. [PMID: 24530266 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Both primacy and frequency factors belong to very powerful regulators of human cognition and behavior, but their relationship is only scarcely investigated. This study aimed to investigate the interplay of primacy and frequency effects on behavioral and electrophysiological (event-related potential, ERP) measures using an oddball paradigm. In each experiment 234 frequent (standard) and 66 rare (deviant) harmonic tones were presented. Participants either responded to stimuli with a button press (motor experiment) or counted the rare stimulus (counting experiment). Each experiment entailed two counterbalanced conditions. In the "classical" condition both standards and deviants were equally distributed across the presentation series, while in the "primacy" condition more deviants were concentrated at the beginning of the series. In the motor experiment no differences between the two conditions were obtained at the behavioral level, but the amplitude of N2 to deviants was significantly larger in the classical than primacy condition, and the same trend was obtained for the P3 component at lateral posterior sites. In the counting experiment both N2b and P3 effects were strongly reduced in the primacy condition as compared with the classical condition. Therefore, stimuli that were frequently presented in the first stimulation run were subsequently processed as "less rare", although in fact they were even rarer than in the control condition. The data indicate that the initial pattern of stimulation can substantially affect the frequency effect during the processing of subsequent stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Kotchoubey
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Siclherstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Cruikshank LC, Singhal A, Hueppelsheuser M, Caplan JB. Theta oscillations reflect a putative neural mechanism for human sensorimotor integration. J Neurophysiol 2012; 107:65-77. [PMID: 21975453 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00893.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal theta oscillations (3–12 Hz) may reflect a mechanism for sensorimotor integration in rats (Bland BH. Prog Neurobiol 26: 1–54, 1986); however, it is unknown whether cortical theta activity underlies sensorimotor integration in humans. Rather, the mu rhythm (8–12 Hz) is typically found to desynchronize during movement. We measured oscillatory EEG activity for two conditions of an instructed delayed reaching paradigm. Conditions 1 and 2 were designed to differentially manipulate the contribution of the ventral visuomotor stream during the response initiation phase. We tested the hypothesis that theta activity would reflect changes in the relevant sensorimotor network: condition 2 engaged ventral stream mechanisms to a greater extent than condition 1. Theta oscillations were more prevalent during movement initiation and execution than during periods of stillness, consistent with a sensorimotor relevance for theta activity. Furthermore, theta activity was more prevalent at temporal sites in condition 2 than condition 1 during response initiation, suggesting that theta activity is present within the necessary sensorimotor network. Mu activity desynchronized more during condition 2 than condition 1, suggesting mu desynchronization is also specific to the sensorimotor network. In summary, cortical theta synchronization and mu desynchronization may represent broadly applicable rhythmic mechanisms for sensorimotor integration in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Singhal
- Center for Neuroscience and
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Jeremy B. Caplan
- Center for Neuroscience and
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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