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Weisend JE, Carlson AP, Shuttleworth CW. Spreading Depolarization Induces a Transient Potentiation of Excitatory Synaptic Transmission. Neuroscience 2024; 551:323-332. [PMID: 38821241 PMCID: PMC11246225 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Spreading depolarization (SD) is a slowly propagating wave of prolonged activation followed by a period of synaptic suppression. Some prior reports have shown potentiation of synaptic transmission after recovery from synaptic suppression and noted similarities with the phenomenon of long-term potentiation (LTP). Since SD is increasingly recognized as participating in diverse neurological disorders, it is of interest to determine whether SD indeed leads to a generalized and sustained long-term strengthening of synaptic connections. We performed a characterization of SD-induced potentiation, and tested whether distinctive features of SD, including adenosine accumulation and swelling, contribute to reports of SD-induced plasticity. Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded in the hippocampal CA1 subregion of murine brain slices, and SD elicited using focal microinjection of KCl. A single SD was sufficient to induce a consistent potentiation of slope and amplitude of fEPSPs. Both AMPA- and NMDA-receptor mediated components were enhanced. Potentiation peaked ∼20 min after SD recovery and was sustained for ∼30 min. However, fEPSP amplitude and slope decayed over an extended 2-hour recording period and was estimated to reach baseline after ∼3 h. Potentiation was saturated after a single SD and adenosine A1 receptor activation did not mask additional potentiation. Induction of LTP with theta-burst stimulation was not altered by prior induction of SD and molecular mediators known to block LTP induction did not block SD-induced potentiation. Together, these results indicate an intermediate duration potentiation that is distinct from hippocampal LTP and may have implications for circuit function for 1-2 h following SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Weisend
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Andrew P Carlson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - C William Shuttleworth
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Sadowska M, Mehlhorn C, Średniawa W, Szewczyk ŁM, Szlachcic A, Urban P, Winiarski M, Jabłonka JA. Spreading Depressions and Periinfarct Spreading Depolarizations in the Context of Cortical Plasticity. Neuroscience 2020; 453:81-101. [PMID: 33227236 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies of cortical function-recovery require a comparison between normal and post-stroke conditions that lead to changes in cortical metaplasticity. Focal cortical stroke impairs experience-dependent plasticity in the neighboring somatosensory cortex and usually evokes periinfarct depolarizations (PiDs) - spreading depression-like waves. Experimentally induced spreading depressions (SDs) affect gene expression and some of these changes persist for at least 30 days. In this study we compare the effects of non-stroke depolarizations that impair cortical experience-dependent plasticity to the effects of stroke, by inducing experience-dependent plasticity in rats with SDs or PiDs by a month of contralateral partial whiskers deprivation. We found that whiskers' deprivation after SDs resulted in normal cortical representation enlargement suggesting that SDs and PiDs depolarization have no influence on experience-dependent plasticity cortical map reorganization. PiDs and the MMP-9, -3, -2 or COX-2 proteins, which are assumed to influence metaplasticity in rats after stroke were compared between SDs induced by high osmolarity KCl solution and the PiDs that followed cortical photothrombotic stroke (PtS). We found that none of these factors directly caused cortical post-stroke metaplasticity changes. The only significant difference between stoke and induced SD was a greater imbalance in interhemispheric activity equilibrium after stroke. The interhemispheric interactions that were modified by stroke may therefore be promising targets for future studies of post-stroke experience-dependent plasticity and of recuperation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sadowska
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Władysław Średniawa
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of PAS, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz M Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szlachcic
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Urban
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Genomics, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Winiarski
- Laboratory of Emotions Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan A Jabłonka
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Guedes RCA, Abadie-Guedes R. Brain Aging and Electrophysiological Signaling: Revisiting the Spreading Depression Model. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:136. [PMID: 31231207 PMCID: PMC6567796 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of worldwide improvement in health care, the aging portion of the human population has increased, now representing a higher proportion of the total population. This fact raises great concern regarding how to age while maintaining good brain function. Very often, alterations in brain electrophysiological signaling are associated with age-dependent functional disorders of the brain. Therefore, animal models suitable for the study of age-related changes in electrical activity of the brain can be very useful. Herein, we review changes in brain electrophysiological features as a function of age by analyzing studies in the rat brain on the phenomenon known as cortical spreading depression (CSD). Alterations in the brain’s capability to generate and propagate CSD may be related to differences in the propensity to develop certain neurological diseases, such as epilepsy, stroke, and migraine, which can biunivocally interact with the aging process. In this review, we revisit ours and others’ previous studies on electrophysiological features of the CSD phenomenon, such as its velocity of propagation and amplitude and duration of its slow negative DC shift, as a function of the animal age, as well as the interaction between age and other factors, such as ethanol consumption, physical exercise, and nutritional status. In addition, we discuss one relatively new feature through which CSD modulates brain signaling: the ability to potentiate the brain’s spontaneous electrical activity. We conclude that the CSD model might importantly contribute to a better understanding of the aging/brain signaling relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Abadie-Guedes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Mendes-da-Silva RF, Francisco EDS, Araújo Guedes RC. Pilocarpine/ascorbic acid interaction in the immature brain: Electrophysiological and oxidative effects in well-nourished and malnourished rats. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:414-421. [PMID: 30232044 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA) administration has been associated with neuroprotection against oxidative stress, although at high doses it can facilitate oxidation and acts like a proconvulsing drug. The pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model has been widely studied. However, less is known about the effects of sub-convulsive doses of pilocarpine on brain activity in immature animals under normal or deficient nutritional conditions. Herein, we investigated the effects of chronic pilocarpine administration in a sub-convulsive dose, with or without AA, on the excitability-related phenomenon denominated as cortical spreading depression (CSD) and levels of lipid peroxidation-induced malondialdehyde in well-nourished and malnourished rats. At postnatal days 7-28, rats received no gavage treatment (naïve group), saline (vehicle group), 45 mg/kg/d of pilocarpine and/or 120 mg/kg/d of AA. CSD propagation and malondialdehyde levels were analyzed at 34-40 days. The pilocarpine group presented with lower CSD velocities, while AA groups exhibited higher CSD velocities and augmented malondialdehyde levels compared with controls. The co-administration of AA partially antagonized the pilocarpine CSD effects, but did not revert it to control levels. Malnutrition increased CSD amplitude and velocity in comparison to the well-nourished condition. The electrocorticogram (ECoG) amplitude increased after CSD (ECoG potentiation) when compared with the baseline amplitude before CSD. However, no intergroup difference was observed in this CSD-related ECoG potentiation. The results support the hypothesis of a pilocarpine/ascorbic acid interaction in the immature rat brain and might help further the understanding of this interaction on neuronal electrical activity and oxidative stress.
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E Silva-Gondim MB, de Souza TKM, Rodrigues MCA, Guedes RCA. Suckling in litters with different sizes, and early and late swimming exercise differentially modulates anxiety-like behavior, memory and electrocorticogram potentiation after spreading depression in rats. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:464-473. [PMID: 29183255 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1407472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Analyze the hypothesis that swimming exercise, in rats suckled under distinct litter sizes, alters behavioral parameters suggestive of anxiety and recognition memory, and the electrocorticogram potentiation that occurs after the excitability-related phenomenon that is known as cortical spreading depression (CSD). METHODS Male Wistar rats were suckled in litters with six or 12 pups (L6 and L12 groups). Animals swam at postnatal days (P) 8-23, or P60-P75 (early-exercised or late-exercised groups, respectively), or remained no-exercised. Behavioral tests (open field - OF and object recognition - OR) were conducted between P77 and P80. Between P90 and P120, ECoG was recorded for 2 hours. After this 'baseline' recording, CSD was elicited every 30 minutes over the course of 2 hours. RESULTS Early swimming enhanced the number of entries and the percentage of time in the OF-center (P < 0.05). In animals that swam later, this effect occurred in the L6 group only. Compared to the corresponding sedentary groups, OR-test showed a better memory in the L6 early exercised rats, and a worse memory in all other groups (P < 0.05). In comparison to baseline values, ECoG amplitudes after CSD increased 14-43% for all groups (P < 0.05). In the L6 condition, early swimming and late swimming, respectively, reduced and enhanced the magnitude of the post-CSD ECoG potentiation in comparison with the corresponding L6 no-exercised groups (P < 0.05). DISCUSSION Our data suggest a differential effect of early- and late-exercise on the behavioral and electrophysiological parameters, suggesting an interaction between the age of exercise and the nutritional status during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Barros E Silva-Gondim
- a Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology, Departamento de Nutrição , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , CEP 50670-901 Recife , PE , Brazil
| | - Thays Kallyne Marinho de Souza
- a Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology, Departamento de Nutrição , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , CEP 50670-901 Recife , PE , Brazil.,b Colegiado de Nutrição , Universidade de Pernambuco , CEP 56328-903 Petrolina , Pernambuco , Brazil
| | | | - Rubem Carlos Araújo Guedes
- a Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology, Departamento de Nutrição , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , CEP 50670-901 Recife , PE , Brazil
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Li S, Kumar T P, Joshee S, Kirschstein T, Subburaju S, Khalili JS, Kloepper J, Du C, Elkhal A, Szabó G, Jain RK, Köhling R, Vasudevan A. Endothelial cell-derived GABA signaling modulates neuronal migration and postnatal behavior. Cell Res 2017; 28:221-248. [PMID: 29086765 PMCID: PMC5799810 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2017.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is essential for integration and processing of information
that is required for most behaviors. The exquisitely precise laminar
organization of the cerebral cortex arises during embryonic development when
neurons migrate successively from ventricular zones to coalesce into specific
cortical layers. While radial glia act as guide rails for projection neuron
migration, pre-formed vascular networks provide support and guidance cues for
GABAergic interneuron migration. This study provides novel conceptual and
mechanistic insights into this paradigm of vascular-neuronal interactions,
revealing new mechanisms of GABA and its receptor-mediated signaling via
embryonic forebrain endothelial cells. With the use of two new endothelial cell
specific conditional mouse models of the GABA pathway
(Gabrb3ΔTie2-Cre and
VgatΔTie2-Cre), we show that partial or
complete loss of GABA release from endothelial cells during embryogenesis
results in vascular defects and impairs long-distance migration and positioning
of cortical interneurons. The downstream effects of perturbed endothelial
cell-derived GABA signaling are critical, leading to lasting changes to cortical
circuits and persistent behavioral deficits. Furthermore, we illustrate new
mechanisms of activation of GABA signaling in forebrain endothelial cells that
promotes their migration, angiogenesis and acquisition of blood-brain barrier
properties. Our findings uncover and elucidate a novel endothelial GABA
signaling pathway in the CNS that is distinct from the classical neuronal GABA
signaling pathway and shed new light on the etiology and pathophysiology of
neuropsychiatric diseases, such as autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, anxiety,
depression and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Angiogenesis and Brain Development Laboratory, Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Peeyush Kumar T
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Angiogenesis and Brain Development Laboratory, Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Sampada Joshee
- Angiogenesis and Brain Development Laboratory, Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Timo Kirschstein
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sivan Subburaju
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Program in Structural and Molecular Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | | | - Jonas Kloepper
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Chuang Du
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02148, USA
| | - Abdallah Elkhal
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Transplantation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, EBRC 309, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Gene Technology and Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anju Vasudevan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Angiogenesis and Brain Development Laboratory, Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
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Marinho de Souza TK, E Silva-Gondim MB, Rodrigues MCA, Guedes RCA. The facilitating effect of unfavorable lactation on the potentiation of electrocorticogram after spreading depression in awake and anesthetized adult rats. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 21:16-24. [PMID: 27442245 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1210878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a brain excitability-related phenomenon that can be affected by unfavorable conditions of lactation and by anesthetic agents. We have previously demonstrated that after CSD the electrocorticogram (ECoG) amplitude increases significantly (ECoG potentiation). Here, we investigated this potentiation in awake and anesthetized adult rats that were previously suckled among different lactation conditions. METHODS Newborn rats were suckled in litters with 6 pups or 12 pups (L6 or L12 condition, respectively). At adulthood, we evaluated the ECoG potentiation after CSD at two cortical points (one point near, and another remote to the CSD-eliciting site). The amplitude of the ECoG waves was averaged with the support of an algorithm implemented in Matlab™ software. In both L6 and L12 condition, awake animals were compared with anesthetized groups that received either tribromoethanol- or urethane + chloralose-anesthesia. RESULTS L12 rats presented significantly lower body- and brain weights than L6 rats (P < 0.01), indicating a nutritional deficiency. The anesthetized L6 groups presented with ECoG potentiation (P < 0.05) only in the near cortical recording point (28.0% and 32.6% increase for the tribromoethanol and urethane + chloralose groups, respectively), whereas the L12 groups displayed ECoG potentiation in both near (67.0% and 55.0%) and remote points (37.0% and 20.0%), in comparison with the baseline values (before CSD). DISCUSSION The results suggest a facilitating effect of unfavorable lactation on the potentiation of ECoG after spreading depression in anesthetized adult rats. The potential implications for the human neurological health remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rubem Carlos Araújo Guedes
- a Department of Nutrition , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , BR-50670901 , Recife - Pernambuco , Brazil
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de Souza TKM, E Silva-Gondim MB, Rodrigues MCA, Guedes RCA. Anesthetic agents modulate ECoG potentiation after spreading depression, and insulin-induced hypoglycemia does not modify this effect. Neurosci Lett 2015; 592:6-11. [PMID: 25681772 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is characterized by reversible reduction of spontaneous and evoked electrical activity of the cerebral cortex. Experimental evidence suggests that CSD may modulate neural excitability and synaptic activity, with possible implications for long-term potentiation. Systemic factors like anesthetics and insulin-induced hypoglycemia can influence CSD propagation. In this study, we examined whether the post-CSD ECoG potentiation can be modulated by anesthetics and insulin-induced hypoglycemia. We found that awake adult rats displayed increased ECoG potentiation after CSD, as compared with rats under urethane+chloralose anesthesia or tribromoethanol anesthesia. In anesthetized rats, insulin-induced hypoglycemia did not modulate ECoG potentiation. Comparison of two cortical recording regions in awake rats revealed a similarly significant (p<0.05) potentiation effect in both regions, whereas in the anesthetized groups the potentiation was significant only in the recording region nearer to the stimulating point. Our data suggest that urethane+chloralose and tribromoethanol anesthesia modulate the post-CSD potentiation of spontaneous electrical activity in the adult rat cortex, and insulin-induced hypoglycemia does not modify this effect. Data may help to gain a better understanding of excitability-dependent mechanisms underlying CSD-related neurological diseases.
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Neonatal dexamethasone accelerates spreading depression in the rat, and antioxidant vitamins counteract this effect. Brain Res 2014; 1591:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Parisi P, Striano P, Verrotti A, Villa MP, Belcastro V. What have we learned about ictal epileptic headache? A review of well-documented cases. Seizure 2013; 22:253-8. [PMID: 23428422 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The case report published in this issue by Wang et al. offers us an opportunity to review previously published "ictal epileptic headache" cases and draw attention to the criteria that have recently been published for this condition, taking into consideration not only the clinical-EEG and physiopathogenetic investigations required to diagnose this condition, but also the therapeutic aspects of the issue. METHODS To this aim we reviewed all well-documented cases that have been reported in the literature. RESULTS The relationship between headache and seizures is somewhat complicated. Although the nature of this association is not yet fully clear, several plausible explanations have been proposed. Further experimental and clinical investigations are, however, warranted to gain a better understanding of this relationship. Epilepsy and idiopathic headache/migraine share several pathophysiological mechanisms; a better understanding of these mechanisms will allow us to more accurately to assess the "real burden" and prevalence of the "ictal epileptic headache" phenomenon and its therapeutic implications. CONCLUSIONS The development of animal models and molecular studies and, above all, multicenter clinical studies conducted according to the proposed IEH criteria represent the starting point for a definitive international consensus on this intriguing topic. In addition, to improve the recognition of ictal epileptic headache, we should encourage the use of EEG recording in the emergency setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Parisi
- Child Neurology, Headache Paediatric Center, Paediatric Sleep Disorders, Chair of Paediatrics, NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, c/o Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
The migraine attack is characterized by alterations in sensory perception, such as photophobia or allodynia, which have in common an uncomfortable amplification of the percept. It is not known how these changes arise. We evaluated the ability of cortical spreading depression (CSD), the proposed mechanism of the migraine aura, to shape the cortical activity that underlies sensory perception. We measured forepaw- and hindpaw-evoked sensory responses in rat, before and after CSD, using multielectrode array recordings and two-dimensional optical spectroscopy. CSD significantly altered cortical sensory processing on a timescale compatible with the duration of the migraine attack. Both electrophysiological and hemodynamic maps had a reduced surface area (were sharpened) after CSD. Electrophysiological responses were potentiated at the receptive field center but suppressed in surround regions. Finally, the normal adaptation of sensory-evoked responses was attenuated at the receptive field center. In summary, we show that CSD induces changes in the evoked cortical response that are consistent with known mechanisms of cortical plasticity. These mechanisms provide a novel neurobiological substrate to explain the sensory alterations of the migraine attack.
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Parisi P, Striano P, Negro A, Martelletti P, Belcastro V. Ictal epileptic headache: an old story with courses and appeals. J Headache Pain 2012; 13:607-13. [PMID: 23015297 PMCID: PMC3484263 DOI: 10.1007/s10194-012-0485-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The term “ictal epileptic headache” has been recently proposed to classify the clinical picture in which headache is the isolated ictal symptom of a seizure. There is emerging evidence from both basic and clinical neurosciences that cortical spreading depression and an epileptic focus may facilitate each other, although with a different degree of efficiency. This review address the long history which lead to the 'migralepsy' concept to the new emerging pathophysiological aspects, and clinical and electroencephalography evidences of ictal epileptic headache. Here, we review and discuss the common physiopathology mechanisms and the historical aspects underlying the link between headache and epilepsy. Either experimental or clinical measures are required to better understand this latter relationship: the development of animal models, molecular studies defining more precise genotype/phenotype correlations as well as multicenter clinical studies with revision of clinical criteria for headache-/epilepsy-related disorders represent the start of future research. Therefore, the definition of ictal epileptic headache should be used to classify the rare events in which headache is the only manifestation of a seizure. Finally, using our recently published criteria, we will be able to clarify if ictal epileptic headache represents an underestimated phenomenon or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Parisi
- NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Child Neurology, Headache Paediatric Center, Paediatric Sleep Disorders, Chair of Paediatrics, Sapienza University, c/o Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, Rome, Italy.
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Aging-dependent brain electrophysiological effects in rats after distinct lactation conditions, and treadmill exercise: A spreading depression analysis. Exp Gerontol 2012; 47:452-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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