1
|
Zeff S, Weir G, Pataky TC, Hamill J, van Emmerik R. Modifications to head-trunk coordination dynamics during running and sidestepping. Sports Biomech 2022:1-21. [PMID: 36541614 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2153299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine how the intrinsic head-trunk coordination dynamics that exist during forward running are modified during a dynamic sidestepping task. Fourteen athletes performed both forward running and sidestepping tasks. Head-trunk coordination and range of motion were assessed during the flight and stance phases in the transverse and sagittal planes. The sidestepping task resulted in greater in-phase head-trunk coordination during stance in the transverse plane (p < .001, ES = -1.71) and in reduced anti-phase coordination between head and trunk in the sagittal plane (p < .001, ES = 1.52). Statistical non-parametric mapping revealed that during sidestepping the sagittal plane coupling angle shifted away from anti-phase earlier during midstance. The sidestepping task resulted in greater transverse and sagittal plane head and trunk range of motion and greater vertical trunk centre of mass displacement. Sidestepping modified the intrinsic coordination dynamics that are present during forward running, with greater transverse plane head contributions and reductions in compensatory sagittal plane head motion, which may occur during the transition from weight acceptance to propulsion during the stance phase. These changes in the intrinsic coordination dynamics of the upper body during sidestepping tasks may impact visual perception and readiness compared to forward running during complex sports tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Zeff
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Gillian Weir
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Todd C Pataky
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joseph Hamill
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Castilla A, Berthoz A, Cioni G, Belmonti V. Goal-oriented locomotion in children with spastic diplegia: Anticipatory orienting strategies and trajectory formation. Dev Neurorehabil 2022; 25:400-409. [PMID: 35226571 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2022.2047122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Goal-oriented locomotion (GOL) is a complex task integrating navigation and gait control. To our knowledge, this is the first study of GOL in subjects with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Thirteen subjects with spastic diplegia and 26 with typical development were enrolled in the study. Subjects performed a GOL task to reach luminous targets. Within-subject trajectory variability, maximal head deviation from trajectory and mean head anticipation over trajectory were analyzed. While all subjects showed gait impairment, only 8 of 13 subjects also showed navigation abnormalities as revealed by either: a) abnormal head orientation and trajectory formation, or b) abnormal head orientation with normal trajectory formation. Abnormal gait patterns do not account for and can be distinguished from navigation disorders in spastic diplegic CP. This distinction has important implications for novel rehabilitation methods that should specifically address navigation, not only gait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Castilla
- Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l'Éducation de l'Enfant (LaPsyDÉ), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Psychologie et de Neurosciences, Institut de Médecine Environnementale (IME), Paris, France.,Collège de France, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Biologie (CIRB), Paris, France
| | - Alain Berthoz
- Collège de France, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Biologie (CIRB), Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Cioni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone (PI), Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeff S, Weir G, Hamill J, van Emmerik R. Head control and head-trunk coordination as a function of anticipation in sidestepping. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:853-862. [PMID: 35000573 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.2021683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Head reorientation precedes body reorientation during direction change to facilitate gaze realignment, thus enhancing perceptual awareness. Whole body kinematics are dependent on the available planning time. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of anticipation on head control and head-trunk coordination during sidestepping tasks. Fourteen male collegiate athletes performed anticipated and unanticipated sidestepping tasks. Transverse plane head, trunk and heading direction, as well as head-trunk coordination were assessed. During change of direction tasks, we observed greater head orientation towards the new travel direction, followed by heading direction and then trunk direction during both anticipated and unanticipated tasks. With reduced planning time, heading in the preparatory phase and trunk rotation in the preparatory and stance phases were significantly less oriented towards the new travel direction, with no differences in head rotation. During anticipated sidestepping, significantly greater in-phase coordination was observed during the preparatory phase compared to unanticipated sidestepping. Head reorientation facilitates gaze realignment and may be prioritized irrespective of planning time during sidestepping tasks. During anticipated trials, the head and trunk move more synchronously compared to unanticipated sidestepping, highlighting the potential benefits of aligning the degrees of freedom earlier in the change of direction stride and optimizing perceptual awareness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Zeff
- Motor Control Laboratory University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA USA
| | - Gillian Weir
- Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Hamill
- Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fitzgerald C, Thomson D, Zebib A, Clothier PJ, Gupta A. A comparison of gait stability between younger and older adults while head turning. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:1871-1883. [PMID: 32529291 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Head turning while walking may challenge stability by altering visual and vestibular information. Whether there are age-related changes that affect gait stability while head turning during walking remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to compare gait stability between younger and older adults immediately following a head turn while walking. Ten younger [mean (SD)] [23.4 (3.3) years] and ten older [68.8 (6.0) years] healthy adults walked on a treadmill at their preferred gait velocity and performed head turns by responding to a visual cue. The margin of stability (MoS) in the mediolateral (MoSML), anterior (MoSA) and posterior (MoSP) directions, foot placement (mean step length and width) and rotation of the head, trunk and pelvis were calculated for the four steps immediately following a cue to head turn and compared to walking only. Older adults increased their MoSML and younger adults increased their MoSP immediately following a head turn. However, older adults had a significantly greater MoSP than younger adults during this time. Older adults also had greater pelvic rotation velocity and a trend towards smaller head-on-trunk rotation compared to younger adults. Age does not compromise the stability of healthy older compared to younger adults immediately following or when completing a head turn. However, older adults may use a different motor strategy to perform a head turn to limit isolated movement of the head and the effects of a changing sensory frame of reference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Fitzgerald
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Daniel Thomson
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Adem Zebib
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Peter J Clothier
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Amitabh Gupta
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Authié CN, Berthoz A, Sahel JA, Safran AB. Adaptive Gaze Strategies for Locomotion with Constricted Visual Field. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:387. [PMID: 28798674 PMCID: PMC5529417 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In retinitis pigmentosa (RP), loss of peripheral visual field accounts for most difficulties encountered in visuo-motor coordination during locomotion. The purpose of this study was to accurately assess the impact of peripheral visual field loss on gaze strategies during locomotion, and identify compensatory mechanisms. Nine RP subjects presenting a central visual field limited to 10-25° in diameter, and nine healthy subjects were asked to walk in one of three directions-straight ahead to a visual target, leftward and rightward through a door frame, with or without obstacle on the way. Whole body kinematics were recorded by motion capture, and gaze direction in space was reconstructed using an eye-tracker. Changes in gaze strategies were identified in RP subjects, including extensive exploration prior to walking, frequent fixations of the ground (even knowing no obstacle was present), of door edges, essentially of the proximal one, of obstacle edge/corner, and alternating door edges fixations when approaching the door. This was associated with more frequent, sometimes larger rapid-eye-movements, larger movements, and forward tilting of the head. Despite the visual handicap, the trajectory geometry was identical between groups, with a small decrease in walking speed in RPs. These findings identify the adaptive changes in sensory-motor coordination, in order to ensure visual awareness of the surrounding, detect changes in spatial configuration, collect information for self-motion, update the postural reference frame, and update egocentric distances to environmental objects. They are of crucial importance for the design of optimized rehabilitation procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colas N Authié
- UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S968, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne UniversitésParis, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U968, Institut de la VisionParis, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7210, Institut de la VisionParis, France.,Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-DHOS CIC 1423Paris, France
| | - Alain Berthoz
- Equipe Pr Alain Berthoz Professeur Emérite au Collège de FranceParis, France
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S968, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne UniversitésParis, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U968, Institut de la VisionParis, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7210, Institut de la VisionParis, France.,Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-DHOS CIC 1423Paris, France.,Institute of Ophthalmology, University College LondonLondon, United Kingdom.,Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de RothschildParis, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Avinoam B Safran
- UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S968, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne UniversitésParis, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U968, Institut de la VisionParis, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7210, Institut de la VisionParis, France.,Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-DHOS CIC 1423Paris, France.,Département des Neurosciences, Université de GenèveGeneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dicks M, Clashing C, O'Reilly L, Mills C. Perceptual-motor behaviour during a simulated pedestrian crossing. Gait Posture 2016; 49:241-245. [PMID: 27469087 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study used a novel research paradigm to examine gait control during real-time between-person collision avoidance. Ten young adults (M=20.1±1.52years) were required to walk across a six metre simulated pedestrian crossing, while avoiding a collision with one or two oncoming pedestrians. The potential for social interaction was manipulated by having the oncoming pedestrians walk with (2MP) or without (2P) looking at a mobile phone. Participants took longer to complete the crossing when avoiding a collision with two oncoming pedestrians (2MP: M=5.68s; 2P: M=5.74s) in comparison with baseline (M=4.96s). Gait velocity decreased and was more variable when avoiding a collision during the 2P condition, whilst the anterior-posterior separation distance between pedestrians and the participants at the initiation of peak mediolateral deviation was significantly smaller in 2MP compared to 2P. These findings offer preliminary understanding on how gait control may be adapted to changes in the availability of other persons' gaze orientation information. Future work is needed to further understand how different adaptive behaviours emerge relative to other persons during pedestrian crossings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matt Dicks
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Spinnaker Building, Cambridge Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2ER, United Kingdom.
| | - Christal Clashing
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Spinnaker Building, Cambridge Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2ER, United Kingdom
| | - Liam O'Reilly
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Spinnaker Building, Cambridge Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2ER, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Mills
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Spinnaker Building, Cambridge Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2ER, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Crane BT. Coordinates of Human Visual and Inertial Heading Perception. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135539. [PMID: 26267865 PMCID: PMC4534459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heading estimation involves both inertial and visual cues. Inertial motion is sensed by the labyrinth, somatic sensation by the body, and optic flow by the retina. Because the eye and head are mobile these stimuli are sensed relative to different reference frames and it remains unclear if a perception occurs in a common reference frame. Recent neurophysiologic evidence has suggested the reference frames remain separate even at higher levels of processing but has not addressed the resulting perception. Seven human subjects experienced a 2s, 16 cm/s translation and/or a visual stimulus corresponding with this translation. For each condition 72 stimuli (360° in 5° increments) were delivered in random order. After each stimulus the subject identified the perceived heading using a mechanical dial. Some trial blocks included interleaved conditions in which the influence of ±28° of gaze and/or head position were examined. The observations were fit using a two degree-of-freedom population vector decoder (PVD) model which considered the relative sensitivity to lateral motion and coordinate system offset. For visual stimuli gaze shifts caused shifts in perceived head estimates in the direction opposite the gaze shift in all subjects. These perceptual shifts averaged 13 ± 2° for eye only gaze shifts and 17 ± 2° for eye-head gaze shifts. This finding indicates visual headings are biased towards retina coordinates. Similar gaze and head direction shifts prior to inertial headings had no significant influence on heading direction. Thus inertial headings are perceived in body-centered coordinates. Combined visual and inertial stimuli yielded intermediate results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Thomas Crane
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Authié CN, Hilt PM, N'Guyen S, Berthoz A, Bennequin D. Differences in gaze anticipation for locomotion with and without vision. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:312. [PMID: 26106313 PMCID: PMC4458691 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous experimental studies have shown a spontaneous anticipation of locomotor trajectory by the head and gaze direction during human locomotion. This anticipatory behavior could serve several functions: an optimal selection of visual information, for instance through landmarks and optic flow, as well as trajectory planning and motor control. This would imply that anticipation remains in darkness but with different characteristics. We asked 10 participants to walk along two predefined complex trajectories (limaçon and figure eight) without any cue on the trajectory to follow. Two visual conditions were used: (i) in light and (ii) in complete darkness with eyes open. The whole body kinematics were recorded by motion capture, along with the participant's right eye movements. We showed that in darkness and in light, horizontal gaze anticipates the orientation of the head which itself anticipates the trajectory direction. However, the horizontal angular anticipation decreases by a half in darkness for both gaze and head. In both visual conditions we observed an eye nystagmus with similar properties (frequency and amplitude). The main difference comes from the fact that in light, there is a shift of the orientations of the eye nystagmus and the head in the direction of the trajectory. These results suggest that a fundamental function of gaze is to represent self motion, stabilize the perception of space during locomotion, and to simulate the future trajectory, regardless of the vision condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colas N Authié
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l'Action, UMR 7152, Collège de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris, France
| | - Pauline M Hilt
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l'Action, UMR 7152, Collège de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris, France
| | - Steve N'Guyen
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l'Action, UMR 7152, Collège de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris, France
| | - Alain Berthoz
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l'Action, UMR 7152, Collège de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris, France
| | - Daniel Bennequin
- UFR de Mathématiques, Équipe Géométrie et Dynamique, Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, UMR 7586 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pettorossi VE, Schieppati M. Neck proprioception shapes body orientation and perception of motion. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:895. [PMID: 25414660 PMCID: PMC4220123 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article deals with some effects of neck muscle proprioception on human balance, gait trajectory, subjective straight-ahead (SSA), and self-motion perception. These effects are easily observed during neck muscle vibration, a strong stimulus for the spindle primary afferent fibers. We first remind the early findings on human balance, gait trajectory, SSA, induced by limb, and neck muscle vibration. Then, more recent findings on self-motion perception of vestibular origin are described. The use of a vestibular asymmetric yaw-rotation stimulus for emphasizing the proprioceptive modulation of motion perception from the neck is mentioned. In addition, an attempt has been made to conjointly discuss the effects of unilateral neck proprioception on motion perception, SSA, and walking trajectory. Neck vibration also induces persistent aftereffects on the SSA and on self-motion perception of vestibular origin. These perceptive effects depend on intensity, duration, side of the conditioning vibratory stimulation, and on muscle status. These effects can be maintained for hours when prolonged high-frequency vibration is superimposed on muscle contraction. Overall, this brief outline emphasizes the contribution of neck muscle inflow to the construction and fine-tuning of perception of body orientation and motion. Furthermore, it indicates that tonic neck-proprioceptive input may induce persistent influences on the subject's mental representation of space. These plastic changes might adapt motion sensitiveness to lasting or permanent head positional or motor changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Schieppati
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Centro Studi Attività Motorie (CSAM), Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri (IRCSS), Scientific Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huber M, Su YH, Krüger M, Faschian K, Glasauer S, Hermsdörfer J. Adjustments of speed and path when avoiding collisions with another pedestrian. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89589. [PMID: 24586895 PMCID: PMC3935867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
When walking in open space, collision avoidance with other pedestrians is a process that successfully takes place many times. To pass another pedestrian (an interferer) walking direction, walking speed or both can be adjusted. Currently, the literature is not yet conclusive of how humans adjust these two parameters in the presence of an interferer. This impedes the development of models predicting general obstacle avoidance strategies in humans’ walking behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the adjustments of path and speed when a pedestrian is crossing a non-reactive human interferer at different angles and speeds, and to compare the results to general model predictions. To do so, we designed an experiment where a pedestrian walked a 12 m distance to reach a goal position. The task was designed in such a way that collision with an interferer would always occur if the pedestrian would not apply a correction of movement path or speed. Results revealed a strong dependence of path and speed adjustments on crossing angle and walking speed, suggesting local planning of the collision avoidance strategy. Crossing at acute angles (i.e. 45° and 90°) seems to require more complex collision avoidance strategies involving both path and speed adjustments than crossing at obtuse angles, where only path adjustments were observed. Overall, the results were incompatible with predictions from existing models of locomotor collision avoidance. The observed initiations of both adjustments suggest a collision avoidance strategy that is temporally controlled. The present study provides a comprehensive picture of human collision avoidance strategies in walking, which can be used to evaluate and adjust existing pedestrian dynamics models, or serve as an empirical basis to develop new models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Huber
- Center for Sensorimotor Research, Institute for Clinical Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yi-Huang Su
- Institute of Movement Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Krüger
- Institute of Movement Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Center for Neurosciences – Brain and Mind, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Faschian
- Institute of Movement Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Glasauer
- Center for Sensorimotor Research, Institute for Clinical Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Joachim Hermsdörfer
- Institute of Movement Science, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rio KW, Rhea CK, Warren WH. Follow the leader: visual control of speed in pedestrian following. J Vis 2014; 14:4. [PMID: 24511143 PMCID: PMC3919103 DOI: 10.1167/14.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
When people walk together in groups or crowds they must coordinate their walking speed and direction with their neighbors. This paper investigates how a pedestrian visually controls speed when following a leader on a straight path (one-dimensional following). To model the behavioral dynamics of following, participants in Experiment 1 walked behind a confederate who randomly increased or decreased his walking speed. The data were used to test six models of speed control that used the leader's speed, distance, or combinations of both to regulate the follower's acceleration. To test the optical information used to control speed, participants in Experiment 2 walked behind a virtual moving pole, whose visual angle and binocular disparity were independently manipulated. The results indicate the followers match the speed of the leader, and do so using a visual control law that primarily nulls the leader's optical expansion (change in visual angle), with little influence of change in disparity. This finding has direct applications to understanding the coordination among neighbors in human crowds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W. Rio
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Christopher K. Rhea
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - William H. Warren
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Development of anticipatory orienting strategies and trajectory formation in goal-oriented locomotion. Exp Brain Res 2013; 227:131-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|