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Thorsson M, Galazka MA, Johnson M, Åsberg Johnels J, Hadjikhani N. Visuomotor tracking strategies in children: associations with neurodevelopmental symptoms. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:337-353. [PMID: 38078961 PMCID: PMC11297076 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) often display motor problems that may impact their daily lives. Studying specific motor characteristics related to spatiotemporal control may inform us about the mechanisms underlying their challenges. Fifty-eight children with varying neurodevelopmental symptoms load (median age: 5.6 years, range: 2.7-12.5 years) performed an interactive tablet-based tracking task. By investigating digit touch errors relative to the target's movement direction, we found that a load of neurodevelopmental symptoms was associated with reduced performance in the tracking of abrupt alternating directions (zigzag) and overshooting the target. In contrast, reduced performance in children without neurodevelopmental symptoms was associated with lagging behind the target. Neurodevelopmental symptom load was also associated with reduced flexibility in correcting for lateral deviations in smooth tracking (spiral). Our findings suggest that neurodevelopmental symptoms are associated with difficulties in motor regulation related to inhibitory control and reduced flexibility, impacting motor control in NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Thorsson
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Martyna A Galazka
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Division of Cognition and Communication, Department of Applied Information Technology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Johnson
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jakob Åsberg Johnels
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Section of Speech and Language Pathology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nouchine Hadjikhani
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Suglia V, Brunetti A, Pasquini G, Caputo M, Marvulli TM, Sibilano E, Della Bella S, Carrozza P, Beni C, Naso D, Monaco V, Cristella G, Bevilacqua V, Buongiorno D. A Serious Game for the Assessment of Visuomotor Adaptation Capabilities during Locomotion Tasks Employing an Embodied Avatar in Virtual Reality. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115017. [PMID: 37299744 DOI: 10.3390/s23115017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The study of visuomotor adaptation (VMA) capabilities has been encompassed in various experimental protocols aimed at investigating human motor control strategies and/or cognitive functions. VMA-oriented frameworks can have clinical applications, primarily in the investigation and assessment of neuromotor impairments caused by conditions such as Parkinson's disease or post-stroke, which affect the lives of tens of thousands of people worldwide. Therefore, they can enhance the understanding of the specific mechanisms of such neuromotor disorders, thus being a potential biomarker for recovery, with the aim of being integrated with conventional rehabilitative programs. Virtual Reality (VR) can be entailed in a framework targeting VMA since it allows the development of visual perturbations in a more customizable and realistic way. Moreover, as has been demonstrated in previous works, a serious game (SG) can further increase engagement thanks to the use of full-body embodied avatars. Most studies implementing VMA frameworks have focused on upper limb tasks and have utilized a cursor as visual feedback for the user. Hence, there is a paucity in the literature about VMA-oriented frameworks targeting locomotion tasks. In this article, the authors present the design, development, and testing of an SG-based framework that addresses VMA in a locomotion activity by controlling a full-body moving avatar in a custom VR environment. This workflow includes a set of metrics to quantitatively assess the participants' performance. Thirteen healthy children were recruited to evaluate the framework. Several quantitative comparisons and analyses were run to validate the different types of introduced visuomotor perturbations and to evaluate the ability of the proposed metrics to describe the difficulty caused by such perturbations. During the experimental sessions, it emerged that the system is safe, easy to use, and practical in a clinical setting. Despite the limited sample size, which represents the main limitation of the study and can be compensated for with future recruitment, the authors claim the potential of this framework as a useful instrument for quantitatively assessing either motor or cognitive impairments. The proposed feature-based approach gives several objective parameters as additional biomarkers that can integrate the conventional clinical scores. Future studies might investigate the relation between the proposed biomarkers and the clinical scores for specific disorders such as Parkinson's disease and cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimiro Suglia
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering (DEI), Polytechnic University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Brunetti
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering (DEI), Polytechnic University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Apulian Bioengineering s.r.l., 70026 Modugno, Italy
| | - Guido Pasquini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 50143 Florence, Italy
| | - Mariapia Caputo
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering (DEI), Polytechnic University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso Maria Marvulli
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering (DEI), Polytechnic University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Sibilano
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering (DEI), Polytechnic University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Paola Carrozza
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 50143 Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Beni
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 50143 Florence, Italy
| | - David Naso
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering (DEI), Polytechnic University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Monaco
- The Biorobotics Institute, Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Vitoantonio Bevilacqua
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering (DEI), Polytechnic University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Apulian Bioengineering s.r.l., 70026 Modugno, Italy
| | - Domenico Buongiorno
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering (DEI), Polytechnic University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Apulian Bioengineering s.r.l., 70026 Modugno, Italy
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3
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McCracken HS, Murphy B, Ambalavanar U, Zabihhosseinian M, Yielder PC. Sensorimotor integration and motor learning during a novel visuomotor tracing task in young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:247-261. [PMID: 36448686 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00173.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has noted alterations to motor performance and coordination, potentially affecting learning processes and the acquisition of motor skills. This work will provide insight into the role of altered neural processing and sensorimotor integration (SMI) while learning a novel visuomotor task in young adults with ADHD. This work compared adults with ADHD (n = 12) to neurotypical controls (n = 16), using a novel visuomotor tracing task, where participants used their right-thumb to trace a sinusoidal waveform that varied in both frequency and amplitude. This learning paradigm was completed in pre, acquisition, and post blocks, where participants additionally returned and completed a retention and transfer test 24 h later. Right median nerve short latency somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) were collected pre and post motor acquisition. Performance accuracy and variability improved at post and retention measures for both groups for both normalized (P < 0.001) and absolute (P < 0.001) performance scores. N18 SEP: increased in the ADHD group post motor learning and decreased in controls (P < 0.05). N20 SEP: increased in both groups post motor learning (P < 0.01). P25: increased in both groups post motor learning (P < 0.001). N24: increased for both groups at post measures (P < 0.05). N30: decreased in the ADHD group and increased in controls (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that there may be differences in cortico-cerebellar and prefrontal processing in response to novel visuomotor tasks in those with ADHD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Alterations to somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) were present in young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), when compared with neurotypical controls. The N18 and N30 SEP peak had differential changes between groups, suggesting alterations to olivary-cerebellar-M1 processing and SMI in those with ADHD when acquiring a novel visuomotor tracing task. This suggests that short-latency SEPs may be a useful biomarker in the assessment of differential responses to motor acquisition in those with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather S McCracken
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernadette Murphy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ushani Ambalavanar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Paul C Yielder
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
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4
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Meachon EJ, Alpers GW. How are you getting by? Coping in developmental coordination disorder versus attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Br J Occup Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/03080226221113505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) persist into adulthood; however, little research exists to describe how adults with DCD and/or ADHD cope with their symptoms. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate coping mechanisms reported by adults with DCD, ADHD, or both conditions. We expected there would be strategies specific to each condition and a broader scope of mechanisms reported by those with co-occurring DCD+ADHD. Method N = 161 participants completed the online survey, including n = 31 with DCD only, n = 116 with ADHD only, and n = 14 with DCD+ADHD. Results Most participants reported adaptive strategies. Of these, behavioral adaptations were most relevant to ADHD, while environmental modifications were common in DCD. Cognitive reframing and social support were similarly relevant to those with DCD and DCD+ADHD. Coping strategy categories were most uniform for the DCD+ADHD group. Conclusions Coping profiles highlight several noteworthy differences between DCD and ADHD which may be relevant for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Meachon
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Georg W Alpers
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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5
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Fietsam AC, Tucker JR, Kamath MS, Huang-Pollock C, Wang Z, Neely KA. Manual dexterity and strength and in young adults with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Neurosci Lett 2022; 766:136349. [PMID: 34785312 PMCID: PMC9578534 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Manual motor deficits are common in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, it is unclear whether these impairments persist into adulthood. The aim of this study was to examine manual dexterity and strength in young adults with ADHD aged 18-25 years. Sixty-one individuals with confirmed ADHD and 56 adults without ADHD completed Purdue Pegboard tasks for manual dexterity and maximal hand- and pinch-grip tests for strength. In the Purdue Pegboard task, participants placed pins using the right, left, and both-hands, respectively. In addition, participants built assemblies using pins, washers, and collars with alternating hand movements. The results demonstrated that women without ADHD out-performed the other three groups in the right-hand, bimanual, and assembly PPB tasks. Both maximal hand strength tests demonstrated that men were stronger than women, but no differences were observed between adults with and without ADHD. The current findings suggest that adults with ADHD may have deficits in manual dexterity and tasks requiring bimanual coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, FL, United States
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Li N, Chen G, Xie Y, Chen Z. Aging Effect on Visuomotor Adaptation: Mediated by Cognitive Decline. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:742928. [PMID: 34776929 PMCID: PMC8580951 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.742928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The question of whether and how aging affects humans’ visuomotor adaptation remains controversial. This study investigates how the effect of aging on visuomotor adaptation is related to age-related cognitive declines. We compared the performance of 100 older people (age: 55–82 years) and 20 young adults (age: 18–27 years) on a visuomotor adaptation task and three cognition tasks. A decline in visuomotor adaptation of older people was well observed. However, this decline was not strongly correlated with chronological age increase but was associated to the age-related declines of cognitive functions and speed of motor planning. We then constructed a structural mediation model in which the declined cognitive resources mediated the effect of age increase on the decline in visuomotor adaptation. The data from the present study was well-explained by the mediation model. These findings indicate that the aging effect on visuomotor adaptation mainly reflects the age-related decline of cognitive functions, which results in insufficient explicit processing on visual perturbation during visuomotor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Affiliated Mental Health Center, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guopeng Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Affiliated Mental Health Center, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongting Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Affiliated Mental Health Center, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Meachon EJ, Meyer M, Wilmut K, Zemp M, Alpers GW. Evoked Potentials Differentiate Developmental Coordination Disorder From Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in a Stop-Signal Task: A Pilot Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:629479. [PMID: 33776670 PMCID: PMC7990764 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.629479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental Coordination Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder are unique neurodevelopmental disorders with overlaps in executive functions and motor control. The conditions co-occur in up to 50% of cases, raising questions of the pathological mechanisms of DCD versus ADHD. Few studies have examined these overlaps in adults with DCD and/or ADHD. Therefore, to provide insights about executive functions and motor control between adults with DCD, ADHD, both conditions (DCD + ADHD), or typically developed controls, this study used a stop-signal task and parallel EEG measurement. We assessed executive performance via go accuracy and go reaction time, as well as motor response inhibition via stop-signal reaction time. This was complemented with analysis of event-related potentials (ERPs). Based on existing investigations of adults with DCD or ADHD, we expected (1) groups would not differ in behavioral performance on stop and go trials, but (2) differences in ERPs, particularly in components N200 (index of cognitive control) and P300 (index of attention and inhibition) would be evident. The sample included N = 50 adults with DCD (n = 12), ADHD (n = 9), DCD + ADHD (n = 7), and control participants (n = 22). We replicated that there were no between-group differences for behavioral-level executive performance and motor response inhibition. However, on a physiological level, ERP components N200 and P300 differed between groups, particularly during successful response inhibition. These ERPs reflect potential endophenotypic differences not evident in overt behavior of participants with ADHD and/or DCD. This suggests a disorder specific employment of inhibition or general executive functions in groups of adults with DCD, DCD + ADHD, ADHD, or control participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Meachon
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcel Meyer
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Kate Wilmut
- Department of Psychology, Health and Professional Development, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Zemp
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg W Alpers
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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8
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Sanjeevan T, Cardy RE, Anagnostou E. Procedural Sequence Learning in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2020; 11:560064. [PMID: 33192824 PMCID: PMC7655644 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.560064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous literature proposes that the motor deficits in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may be attributed to impairments of the procedural memory network, a long-term memory system involved in sensorimotor and cognitive skill development. A handful of studies have explored procedural sequence learning in ADHD, but findings have been inconsistent. A meta-analysis was conducted to begin to establish whether procedural sequence learning deficits exist in ADHD. The results of seven studies comprising 213 participants with ADHD and 257 participants with typical development (TD) generated an average standardized mean difference of 0.02 (CI95 -0.35, 0.39) that was not significant. Heterogeneity was significant across studies and could be partially attributed to the age of participants. We argue that procedural sequence learning appears to be preserved in ADHD and discuss potential explanations for and against this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teenu Sanjeevan
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robyn E. Cardy
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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9
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Tengeler AC, Dam SA, Wiesmann M, Naaijen J, van Bodegom M, Belzer C, Dederen PJ, Verweij V, Franke B, Kozicz T, Arias Vasquez A, Kiliaan AJ. Gut microbiota from persons with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder affects the brain in mice. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:44. [PMID: 32238191 PMCID: PMC7114819 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of the gut microbiota on host physiology and behavior has been relatively well established. Whether changes in microbial composition affect brain structure and function is largely elusive, however. This is important as altered brain structure and function have been implicated in various neurodevelopmental disorders, like attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We hypothesized that gut microbiota of persons with and without ADHD, when transplanted into mice, would differentially modify brain function and/or structure. We investigated this by colonizing young, male, germ-free C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice with microbiota from individuals with and without ADHD. We generated and analyzed microbiome data, assessed brain structure and function by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and studied mouse behavior in a behavioral test battery. RESULTS Principal coordinate analysis showed a clear separation of fecal microbiota of mice colonized with ADHD and control microbiota. With diffusion tensor imaging, we observed a decreased structural integrity of both white and gray matter regions (i.e., internal capsule, hippocampus) in mice that were colonized with ADHD microbiota. We also found significant correlations between white matter integrity and the differentially expressed microbiota. Mice colonized with ADHD microbiota additionally showed decreased resting-state functional MRI-based connectivity between right motor and right visual cortices. These regions, as well as the hippocampus and internal capsule, have previously been reported to be altered in several neurodevelopmental disorders. Furthermore, we also show that mice colonized with ADHD microbiota were more anxious in the open-field test. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we demonstrate that altered microbial composition could be a driver of altered brain structure and function and concomitant changes in the animals' behavior. These findings may help to understand the mechanisms through which the gut microbiota contributes to the pathobiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk C Tengeler
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein noord 21, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarita A Dam
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Wiesmann
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein noord 21, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jilly Naaijen
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda van Bodegom
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein noord 21, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Belzer
- Dept. Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen UR (University & Research), 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Dederen
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein noord 21, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vivienne Verweij
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein noord 21, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein noord 21, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Alejandro Arias Vasquez
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein noord 21, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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10
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Hove MJ, Gravel N, Spencer RMC, Valera EM. Finger tapping and pre-attentive sensorimotor timing in adults with ADHD. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:3663-3672. [PMID: 28913612 PMCID: PMC5671889 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sensorimotor timing deficits are considered central to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the tasks establishing timing impairments often involve interconnected processes, including low-level sensorimotor timing and higher level executive processes such as attention. Thus, the source of timing deficits in ADHD remains unclear. Low-level sensorimotor timing can be isolated from higher level processes in a finger-tapping task that examines the motor response to unexpected shifts of metronome onsets. In this study, adults with ADHD and ADHD-like symptoms (n = 25) and controls (n = 26) performed two finger-tapping tasks. The first assessed tapping variability in a standard tapping task (metronome-paced and unpaced). In the other task, participants tapped along with a metronome that contained unexpected shifts (±15, 50 ms); the timing adjustment on the tap following the shift captures pre-attentive sensorimotor timing (i.e., phase correction) and thus should be free of potential higher order confounds (e.g., attention). In the standard tapping task, as expected, the ADHD group had higher timing variability in both paced and unpaced tappings. However, in the pre-attentive task, performance did not differ between the ADHD and control groups. Together, results suggest that low-level sensorimotor timing and phase correction are largely preserved in ADHD and that some timing impairments observed in ADHD may stem from higher level factors (such as sustained attention).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hove
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
- Department of Psychological Science, Fitchburg State University, 160 Pearl Street, Fitchburg, MA, 01420, USA.
| | - Nickolas Gravel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - Rebecca M C Spencer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - Eve M Valera
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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11
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Neely KA, Wang P, Chennavasin AP, Samimy S, Tucker J, Merida A, Perez-Edgar K, Huang-Pollock C. Deficits in inhibitory force control in young adults with ADHD. Neuropsychologia 2017; 99:172-178. [PMID: 28284985 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Poor inhibitory control is a well-established cognitive correlate of adults with ADHD. However, the simple reaction time (RT) task used in a majority of studies records performance errors only via the presence or absence of a single key press. This all-or-nothing response makes it impossible to capture subtle differences in underlying processes that shape performance. Subsequently, all-or-nothing tasks may underestimate the prevalence of executive function deficits in ADHD. The current study measured inhibitory control using a standard Go/No-Go RT task and a more sensitive continuous grip force task among adults with (N=51, 22 female) and without (N=51, 29 female) ADHD. Compared to adults without ADHD, adults with ADHD made more failed inhibits in the classic Go/No-Go paradigm and produced greater and more variable force during motor inhibition. The amount of force produced on failed inhibits was a stronger predictor of ADHD-related symptoms than the number of commissions in the standard RT task. Adults with ADHD did not differ from those without ADHD on the mean force and variability of force produced in Go trials. These findings suggest that the use of a precise and continuous motor task, such as the force task used here, provides additional information about the nature of inhibitory motor control in adults with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A Neely
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802, USA
| | - Amanda P Chennavasin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shaadee Samimy
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jacqueline Tucker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802, USA
| | - Andrea Merida
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802, USA
| | - Koraly Perez-Edgar
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802, USA
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Memory-guided force output is associated with self-reported ADHD symptoms in young adults. Exp Brain Res 2016; 234:3203-3212. [PMID: 27394915 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4718-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed mental health disorder in childhood and persists into adulthood in up to 65 % of cases. ADHD is associated with adverse outcomes such as the ability to gain and maintain employment and is associated with an increased risk for substance abuse obesity workplace injuries and traffic accidents A majority of diagnosed children have motor deficits; however, few studies have examined motor deficits in young adults. This study provides a novel examination of visuomotor control of grip force in young adults with and without ADHD. Participants were instructed to maintain force production over a 20-second trial with and without real-time visual feedback about their performance. The results demonstrated that when visual feedback was available, adults with ADHD produced slightly higher grip force than controls. However, when visual feedback was removed, adults with ADHD had a faster rate of decay of force, which was associated with ADHD symptom severity and trait impulsivity. These findings suggest that there may be important differences in the way that adults with ADHD integrate visual feedback during continuous motor tasks. These may account for some of the motor impairments reported in children with ADHD. These deficits could result from (1) dysfunctional sensory motor integration and/or (2) deficits in short-term visuomotor memory.
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