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Rotach Z, Beazley C, Ionta S. Degraded Visibility Body-Specifically Affects Mental Rotation. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:784. [PMID: 39335999 PMCID: PMC11429075 DOI: 10.3390/bs14090784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The way we perceive our own body is shaped by our perception. Changes in sensory input, such as visual degradation, can lead to visual-to-motor shifts in the reference frame used to mentally represent the body. While this effect has been demonstrated in mental representation of hands, it is still unknown whether it also affects mental representation of other body parts. To fill this gap, we asked 35 neurotypical participants to perform mental rotation (laterality judgement) of hand, foot, and full-body images, while the images' visibility (figure/background contrast) was manipulated. Visibility deteriorations increased the steepness of the response time (RT) slopes for mental rotation of hand images shown from a less common view (palm) and of foot images from a more common view (dorsum), but not of full-body images from either the common or uncommon views. Suggesting that steeper and flatter RT slopes evoke the activation of a motor- or vision-based cognitive strategy for mental rotation, respectively, we propose that visual deterioration induces body-specific visual-to-motor shifts in mental processing. These findings show that the reliance on visual or motor aspects to mentally represent the body can be modulated by a reduction in sensory input, which changes the employed cognitive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoé Rotach
- Sensory-Motor Lab (SeMoLa), Department of Ophthalmology-University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital-Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claude Beazley
- Sensory-Motor Lab (SeMoLa), Department of Ophthalmology-University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital-Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Ionta
- Sensory-Motor Lab (SeMoLa), Department of Ophthalmology-University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital-Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Lambert KJM, Singhal A, Leung AWS. The lateralized effects of Parkinson's Disease on motor imagery: Evidence from mental chronometry. Brain Cogn 2024; 178:106181. [PMID: 38796902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Alterations to the content of action representations may contribute to the movement challenges that characterize Parkinson's Disease (PD). One way to investigate action representations is through motor imagery. As PD motor symptoms typically have a unilateral onset, disease-related deficits related to action representations may follow a similarly lateralized pattern. The present study examined if temporal accuracy of motor imagery in individuals with PD differed according to the side of the body involved in the task. Thirty-eight participants with PD completed a mental chronometry task using their more affected and less affected side. Participants had significantly shorter mental versus physical movement times for the more affected. Higher imagery vividness in the kinaesthetic domain predicted shorter mental versus physical movement times for the more affected side, as did lower imagery vividness in the visual domain and poorer cognitive function. These results indicate that people with PD imagine movements differently when the target actions their more affected versus less affected side. It is additionally possible that side-specific deficits in the accurate processing of kinaesthetic information lead to an increased reliance on visual processes and cognitive resources to successfully execute motor imagery involving the more affected side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J M Lambert
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada.
| | - Anthony Singhal
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Ada W S Leung
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Canada
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Doganci N, Yahia Coll S, Marti E, Ptak R. Anatomical predictors of mental rotation with bodily and non-bodily stimuli: A lesion-symptom study. Neuropsychologia 2024; 193:108775. [PMID: 38135209 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Mental rotation (MR) is widely regarded as a quintessential example of an embodied cognitive process. This viewpoint stems from the functional parallels between MR and the physical rotation of tangible objects, as well as participants' inclination to employ motor-based strategies when tackling MR tasks involving bodily stimuli. These commonalities imply that MR may depend on brain regions crucial for the planning and execution of motor programs. However, there is disagreement regarding the anatomy of MR between findings from functional imaging and lesion studies involving brain-injured patients. The former indicate the involvement of the right-hemispheric parietal cortex, while the latter underscore the significance of posterior areas in the left hemisphere. In this study, we aimed to discern the neural underpinnings of MR using lesion-symptom mapping (LSM) for both bodily (hands) and non-bodily (letters) stimuli. Behavioral results from the two MR tasks revealed impaired MR of bodily stimuli in patients with left hemisphere damage. LSM results pinpointed the left primary motor and somatosensory cortices, along with the superior parietal lobule, as the anatomical substrates of MR for both bodily and non-bodily stimuli. Furthermore, damage to the left angular gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, supplementary motor area, and retrosplenial cortex was associated with MR of non-bodily stimuli. These findings support the causal involvement of the left hemisphere in MR and underscore the existence of a common anatomical substrate in brain regions pertinent to motor planning and execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naz Doganci
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Faculty of medicine, University of Geneva, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Sélim Yahia Coll
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Faculty of medicine, University of Geneva, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Marti
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Faculty of medicine, University of Geneva, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Radek Ptak
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Faculty of medicine, University of Geneva, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Neurorehabilitation, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Ferreira-Sánchez MDR, Moreno-Verdú M, Poliakoff E, Sánchez Milá Z, Rodríguez Sanz D, Frutos Llanes R, Barragán Casas JM, Velázquez Saornil J. Differences in Motor Imagery Ability between People with Parkinson's Disease and Healthy Controls, and Its Relationship with Functionality, Independence and Quality of Life. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2898. [PMID: 37958042 PMCID: PMC10650523 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11212898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) has been shown to be effective for the acquisition of motor skills; however, it is still unknown whether similar benefits can be achieved in neurological patients. Previous findings of differences in MI ability between people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) and healthy controls (HCs) are mixed. This study examined differences in the ability to both create and maintain MI as well as investigating the relationship between the ability to create and maintain MI and motor function, independence and quality of life (QoL). A case-control study was conducted (31 PwPD and 31 HCs), collecting gender, age, dominance, socio-demographic data, duration and impact of the disease. MI intensity (MIQ-RS and KVIQ-34) and temporal accuracy of MI (imagined box and block test [iBBT], imagined timed stand and walk test [iTUG]) were assessed. Functional and clinical assessments included upper limb motor function, balance, gait, independence in activities of daily living and quality of life measures. Statistically significant differences in temporal accuracy were observed and partial and weak relationships were revealed between MI measures and functioning, independence and QoL. PwPD retain the ability to create MI, indicating the suitability of MI in this population. Temporal accuracy might be altered as a reflection of bradykinesia on the mentally simulated actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Rosario Ferreira-Sánchez
- NEUMUSK Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Ávila, C/Canteros s/n, 05005 Ávila, Spain; (M.d.R.F.-S.); (R.F.L.); (J.M.B.C.); (J.V.S.)
| | - Marcos Moreno-Verdú
- Brain, Action and Skill Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience (Cognition and Systems Division), UC Louvain, 1348 Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Ellen Poliakoff
- Body Eyes and Movement (BEAM) Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Zacarías Sánchez Milá
- NEUMUSK Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Ávila, C/Canteros s/n, 05005 Ávila, Spain; (M.d.R.F.-S.); (R.F.L.); (J.M.B.C.); (J.V.S.)
| | - David Rodríguez Sanz
- Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Raúl Frutos Llanes
- NEUMUSK Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Ávila, C/Canteros s/n, 05005 Ávila, Spain; (M.d.R.F.-S.); (R.F.L.); (J.M.B.C.); (J.V.S.)
| | - José Manuel Barragán Casas
- NEUMUSK Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Ávila, C/Canteros s/n, 05005 Ávila, Spain; (M.d.R.F.-S.); (R.F.L.); (J.M.B.C.); (J.V.S.)
| | - Jorge Velázquez Saornil
- NEUMUSK Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Ávila, C/Canteros s/n, 05005 Ávila, Spain; (M.d.R.F.-S.); (R.F.L.); (J.M.B.C.); (J.V.S.)
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Sarasso E, Gardoni A, Zenere L, Canu E, Basaia S, Pelosin E, Volontè MA, Filippi M, Agosta F. Action observation and motor imagery improve motor imagery abilities in patients with Parkinson's disease - A functional MRI study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 116:105858. [PMID: 37774517 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Motor imagery (MI) skills can be affected in Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed at assessing MI and brain functional changes after action observation and MI training (AOT-MI) associated with gait/balance exercises in PD patients with postural instability and gait disorders (PD-PIGD). METHODS Twenty-five PD-PIGD patients were randomized into two groups: DUAL-TASK + AOT-MI group performed 6-week gait/balance training combined with AOT-MI; DUAL-TASK group performed the same exercises without AOT-MI. Before and after training, MI was assessed using Kinesthetic-and-Visual-Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ) and a MI functional MRI (fMRI) task. During fMRI, subjects were asked to watch first-person perspective videos representing gait/balance tasks and mentally simulate their execution. At baseline patients were compared with 23 healthy controls. RESULTS PD groups did not differ in the MI scores. Both patient groups increased kinesthetic KVIQ score after training, while only DUAL-TASK + AOT-MI group improved visual and total KVIQ scores. At baseline, both PD groups showed reduced fMRI activity of sensorimotor, temporal and cerebellar areas relative to controls. After training, DUAL-TASK + AOT-MI patients increased activity of anterior cingulate, fronto-temporal and motor cerebellar areas, and reduced the recruitment of cognitive cerebellar regions. DUAL-TASK group showed increased recruitment of occipito-temporal areas and reduced activity of cerebellum crus-I. DUAL-TASK + AOT-MI relative to DUAL-TASK group had increased activity of cerebellum VIII-IX. In DUAL-TASK + AOT-MI group, KVIQ improvement correlated with increased activity of cerebellum IX and anterior cingulate, and with reduced activity of crus-I. CONCLUSIONS AOT-MI improves MI abilities in PD-PIGD patients, promoting the functional plasticity of brain areas involved in MI processes and gait/balance control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Sarasso
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Gardoni
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Zenere
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Canu
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Basaia
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Pelosin
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Nieto-Escamez F, Obrero-Gaitán E, Cortés-Pérez I. Visual Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1173. [PMID: 37626529 PMCID: PMC10452537 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) include ocular, visuoperceptive, and visuospatial impairments, which can occur as a result of the underlying neurodegenerative process. Ocular impairments can affect various aspects of vision and eye movement. Thus, patients can show dry eyes, blepharospasm, reduced blink rate, saccadic eye movement abnormalities, smooth pursuit deficits, and impaired voluntary and reflexive eye movements. Furthermore, visuoperceptive impairments affect the ability to perceive and recognize visual stimuli accurately, including impaired contrast sensitivity and reduced visual acuity, color discrimination, and object recognition. Visuospatial impairments are also remarkable, including difficulties perceiving and interpreting spatial relationships between objects and difficulties judging distances or navigating through the environment. Moreover, PD patients can present visuospatial attention problems, with difficulties attending to visual stimuli in a spatially organized manner. Moreover, PD patients also show perceptual disturbances affecting their ability to interpret and determine meaning from visual stimuli. And, for instance, visual hallucinations are common in PD patients. Nevertheless, the neurobiological bases of visual-related disorders in PD are complex and not fully understood. This review intends to provide a comprehensive description of visual disturbances in PD, from sensory to perceptual alterations, addressing their neuroanatomical, functional, and neurochemical correlates. Structural changes, particularly in posterior cortical regions, are described, as well as functional alterations, both in cortical and subcortical regions, which are shown in relation to specific neuropsychological results. Similarly, although the involvement of different neurotransmitter systems is controversial, data about neurochemical alterations related to visual impairments are presented, especially dopaminergic, cholinergic, and serotoninergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Nieto-Escamez
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Center for Neuropsychological Assessment and Rehabilitation (CERNEP), 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Esteban Obrero-Gaitán
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaen, Spain;
| | - Irene Cortés-Pérez
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaen, Spain;
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Iwanami J, Mutai H, Sagari A, Sato M, Kobayashi M. Relationship between Corticospinal Excitability While Gazing at the Mirror and Motor Imagery Ability. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030463. [PMID: 36979273 PMCID: PMC10046091 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mirror therapy (MT) helps stroke survivors recover motor function. Previous studies have reported that an individual's motor imagery ability is related to the areas of brain activity during motor imagery and the effectiveness of motor imagery training. However, the relationship between MT and motor imagery ability and between corticospinal tract excitability during mirror gazing, an important component of MT, and motor imagery ability is unclear. This study determined whether the motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitude while gazing at the mirror relates to participants' motor imagery abilities. Twenty-four healthy right-handed adults (seven males) were recruited. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was performed while gazing at the mirror, and MEP of the first dorsal interosseous muscle of the right hand were measured. Motor imagery ability was measured using the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ), which assesses the vividness of motor imagery ability. Additionally, a mental chronometry (MC) task was used to assess time aspects. The results showed a significant moderate correlation between changes in MEP amplitude values while gazing at the mirror, as compared with resting conditions, and assessment scores of KVIQ. This study shows that corticospinal excitability because of mirror gazing may be related to the vividness of motor imagery ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Iwanami
- Division of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mutai
- Division of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Akira Sagari
- Division of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Division of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kobayashi
- Division of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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