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Lou Q, Guo N, Huang W, Wu L, Su M, Liu Y, Liu X, Li B, Yang Y, Gao Y. Association between Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Gene Polymorphisms and Skeletal Fluorosis of The Brick-tea Type Fluorosis in Tibetans and Kazakhs, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:1489-1499. [PMID: 33660557 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1892037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the potential association between BMP2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and brick-tea-type skeletal fluorosis risk in cross-sectional case-control study conducted in Sinkiang and Qinghai, China, a total of 598 individuals, including 308 Tibetans and 290 Kazakhs, were enrolled. Using the standard WS/192-2008 (China), 221 skeletal fluorosis cases were diagnosed, including 123 Tibetans and 98 Kazakhs. Logistic regressions 2 analysis did not find the association between SNPs (Rs235764, Rs235739 and Rs996544) and skeletal fluorosis. Genetic models, linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype analysis were not found to be associated with risk of skeletal fluorosis after adjustment by age and sex (P>0.05).Our data suggested that Rs 235764, Rs 235739 and Rs 996544 were not linked susceptibility for skeletal fluorosis in our cross-sectional case-control study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Lou
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Guo
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liaowei Wu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengyao Su
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bingyun Li
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanhui Gao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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2
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Toth Z, Ward A, Tang SY, McBride-Gagyi S. Sexual differences in bone porosity, osteocyte density, and extracellular matrix organization due to osteoblastic-specific Bmp2 deficiency in mice. Bone 2021; 150:116002. [PMID: 33971313 PMCID: PMC8217247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies have come to conflicting conclusions regarding BMP2 deficiency's link to regulating bone mass and increasing fracture risk. This may be due to the signaling protein having sex- or age-dependent effects. Previous pre-clinical studies have supported a role, but have not adequately determined the physical mechanism causing altered bulk material properties. This study investigated the physical effects of Bmp2 ablation from osteogenic lineage cells (Osx-Cre; Bmp2fl/fl) in 10- and 15-week-old male and female mice. Bones collected post-mortem were subjected to fracture toughness testing, reference point indentation testing, microCT, and histological analysis to determine the multi-scale relationships between mechanical/material behavior and collagen production, collagen organization, and bone architecture. BMP2-deficient bones were smaller, more brittle, and contained more lacunae-scale voids and cortical pores. The cellular density was significantly increased and there were material-level differences measured by reference point indentation, independently of collagen fiber alignment or organization. The disparities in bone size and in bone fracture toughness between genotypes were especially striking in males at 15-weeks-old. Together, this study suggests that there are sex- and age-dependent effects of BMP2 deficiency. The results from both sexes also warrant further investigation into BMP2 deficiency's role in osteoblasts' transition to osteocytes and overall bone porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharie Toth
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Ashley Ward
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Simon Y Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Sarah McBride-Gagyi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America.
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3
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A multiethnic meta-analysis defined the association of rs12946942 with severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:493-498. [DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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4
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Kou I, Watanabe K, Takahashi Y, Momozawa Y, Khanshour A, Grauers A, Zhou H, Liu G, Fan YH, Takeda K, Ogura Y, Zhou T, Iwasaki Y, Kubo M, Wu Z, Matsumoto M, Einarsdottir E, Kere J, Huang D, Qiu G, Qiu Y, Wise CA, Song YQ, Wu N, Su P, Gerdhem P, Ikegawa S. A multi-ethnic meta-analysis confirms the association of rs6570507 with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11575. [PMID: 30069010 PMCID: PMC6070519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common type of spinal deformity and has a significant genetic background. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified several susceptibility loci associated with AIS. Among them is a locus on chromosome 6q24.1 that we identified by a GWAS in a Japanese cohort. The locus is represented by rs6570507 located within GPR126. To ensure the association of rs6570507 with AIS, we conducted a meta-analysis using eight cohorts from East Asia, Northern Europe and USA. The analysis included a total of 6,873 cases and 38,916 controls and yielded significant association (combined P = 2.95 × 10-20; odds ratio = 1.22), providing convincing evidence of the worldwide association between rs6570507 and AIS susceptibility. In silico analyses strongly suggested that GPR126 is a susceptibility gene at this locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuyo Kou
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yohei Takahashi
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Anas Khanshour
- Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Anna Grauers
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sundsvall and Härnösand County Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC) Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Hui Fan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kazuki Takeda
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Ogura
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taifeng Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yusuke Iwasaki
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Elisabet Einarsdottir
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, and Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, , Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Juha Kere
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, and Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, , Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guixing Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Carol A Wise
- Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA.,McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - You-Qiang Song
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peiqiang Su
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Paul Gerdhem
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC) Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) constitute the largest subdivision of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family of ligands and exert most of their effects through the canonical effectors Smad1, 5, and 8. Appropriate regulation of BMP signaling is critical for the development and homeostasis of numerous human organ systems. Aberrations in BMP pathways or their regulation are increasingly associated with diverse human pathologies, and there is an urgent and growing need to develop effective approaches to modulate BMP signaling in the clinic. In this review, we provide a wide perspective on diseases and/or conditions associated with dysregulated BMP signal transduction, outline the current strategies available to modulate BMP pathways, highlight emerging second-generation technologies, and postulate prospective avenues for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Lowery
- Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46222
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Ogura Y, Takeda K, Kou I, Khanshour A, Grauers A, Zhou H, Liu G, Fan YH, Zhou T, Wu Z, Takahashi Y, Matsumoto M, Einarsdottir E, Kere J, Huang D, Qiu G, Xu L, Qiu Y, Wise CA, Song YQ, Wu N, Su P, Gerdhem P, Watanabe K, Ikegawa S. An international meta-analysis confirms the association of BNC2 with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4730. [PMID: 29549362 PMCID: PMC5856832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common spinal deformity with the prevalence of approximately 3%. We previously conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a Japanese cohort and identified a novel locus on chromosome 9p22.2. However, a replication study using multi-population cohorts has not been conducted. To confirm the association of 9p22.2 locus with AIS in multi-ethnic populations, we conducted international meta-analysis using eight cohorts. In total, we analyzed 8,756 cases and 27,822 controls. The analysis showed a convincing evidence of association between rs3904778 and AIS. Seven out of eight cohorts had significant P value, and remaining one cohort also had the same trend as the seven. The combined P was 3.28 × 10−18 (odds ratio = 1.19, 95% confidence interval = 1.14–1.24). In silico analyses suggested that BNC2 is the AIS susceptibility gene in this locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Ogura
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Takeda
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuyo Kou
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anas Khanshour
- Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Anna Grauers
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sundsvall and Härnösand County Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC) Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Hui Fan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Taifeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yohei Takahashi
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Elisabet Einarsdottir
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, and Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Juha Kere
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, and Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guixing Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Leilei Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Carol A Wise
- Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA.,McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - You-Qiang Song
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peiqiang Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Paul Gerdhem
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC) Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kota Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan.
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7
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Garg G, McGuigan FE, Kumar J, Luthman H, Lyssenko V, Akesson K. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide ( GIP) and GIP receptor ( GIPR) genes: An association analysis of polymorphisms and bone in young and elderly women. Bone Rep 2015; 4:23-27. [PMID: 28326339 PMCID: PMC4926814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The gastro-intestinal hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) potentiates glucose-induced insulin secretion, with bone anabolic effects through GIP receptor (GIPR) in animal models. We explore its potential in humans by analyzing association between polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GIP and GIPR genes with bone phenotypes in young and elderly women. METHODS Association between GIP (rs2291725) and GIPR (rs10423928) and BMD, bone mineral content (BMC), bone microarchitecture, fracture and body composition was analyzed in the OPRA (75y, n = 1044) and PEAK-25 (25y; n = 1061) cohorts and serum-GIP in OPRA. RESULTS The GIP receptor AA-genotype was associated with lower ultrasound values in young women (BUA p = 0.011; SI p = 0.030), with no association to bone phenotypes in the elderly. In the elderly, the GIP was associated with lower ultrasound (GG vs. AA; SOS padj = 0.021) and lower femoral neck BMD and BMC after adjusting for fat mass (padj = 0.016 and padj = 0.03). In young women, neither GIPR nor GIP associated with other bone phenotypes including spine trabecular bone score. In the elderly, neither SNP associated with fracture. GIP was associated with body composition only in Peak-25; GIPR was not associated with body composition in either cohort. Serum-GIP levels (in elderly) were not associated with bone phenotypes, however lower levels were associated with the GIPR A-allele (β = - 6.93; padj = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS This first exploratory association study between polymorphisms in GIP and GIPR in relation to bone phenotypes and serum-GIP in women at different ages indicates a possible, albeit complex link between glucose metabolism genes and bone, while recognizing that further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Garg
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Dept. of Clinical Science Malmö, Lund University
- Dept of Orthopaedics, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Sweden
| | - Fiona E. McGuigan
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Dept. of Clinical Science Malmö, Lund University
- Dept of Orthopaedics, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jitender Kumar
- Dept of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Holger Luthman
- Medical Genetics Unit, Dept. of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, CRC, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Kristina Akesson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Dept. of Clinical Science Malmö, Lund University
- Dept of Orthopaedics, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Sweden
- Corresponding author at: Department of Orthopaedics, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.Department of OrthopaedicsSkåne University HospitalMalmö205 02Sweden
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8
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Grauers A, Wang J, Einarsdottir E, Simony A, Danielsson A, Åkesson K, Ohlin A, Halldin K, Grabowski P, Tenne M, Laivuori H, Dahlman I, Andersen M, Christensen SB, Karlsson MK, Jiao H, Kere J, Gerdhem P. Candidate gene analysis and exome sequencing confirm LBX1 as a susceptibility gene for idiopathic scoliosis. Spine J 2015; 15:2239-46. [PMID: 25987191 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Idiopathic scoliosis is a spinal deformity affecting approximately 3% of otherwise healthy children or adolescents. The etiology is still largely unknown but has an important genetic component. Genome-wide association studies have identified a number of common genetic variants that are significantly associated with idiopathic scoliosis in Asian and Caucasian populations, rs11190870 close to the LBX1 gene being the most replicated finding. PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetics of idiopathic scoliosis in a Scandinavian cohort by performing a candidate gene study of four variants previously shown to be associated with idiopathic scoliosis and exome sequencing of idiopathic scoliosis patients with a severe phenotype to identify possible novel scoliosis risk variants. STUDY DESIGN This was a case control study. PATIENT SAMPLE A total of 1,739 patients with idiopathic scoliosis and 1,812 controls were included. OUTCOME MEASURE The outcome measure was idiopathic scoliosis. METHODS The variants rs10510181, rs11190870, rs12946942, and rs6570507 were genotyped in 1,739 patients with idiopathic scoliosis and 1,812 controls. Exome sequencing was performed on pooled samples from 100 surgically treated idiopathic scoliosis patients. Novel or rare missense, nonsense, or splice site variants were selected for individual genotyping in the 1,739 cases and 1,812 controls. In addition, the 5'UTR, noncoding exon and promoter regions of LBX1, not covered by exome sequencing, were Sanger sequenced in the 100 pooled samples. RESULTS Of the four candidate genes, an intergenic variant, rs11190870, downstream of the LBX1 gene, showed a highly significant association to idiopathic scoliosis in 1,739 cases and 1,812 controls (p=7.0×10(-18)). We identified 20 novel variants by exome sequencing after filtration and an initial genotyping validation. However, we could not verify any association to idiopathic scoliosis in the large cohort of 1,739 cases and 1,812 controls. We did not find any variants in the 5'UTR, noncoding exon and promoter regions of LBX1. CONCLUSIONS Here, we confirm LBX1 as a susceptibility gene for idiopathic scoliosis in a Scandinavian population and report that we are unable to find evidence of other genes of similar or stronger effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grauers
- Department of Orthopedics, Sundsvall and Härnösand County Hospital, SE-85186, Sundsvall, Sweden; Department of Orthopedics, Karolinska University Hospital, K54, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC) Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Hälsovägen 7-9, SE-14183, Huddinge, Sweden; Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Hälsovägen 7-9, SE-14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Einarsdottir
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Hälsovägen 7-9, SE-14183, Huddinge, Sweden; Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Hälsovägen 7-9, SE-14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ane Simony
- Sector for Spine Surgery and Research, Middelfart Hospital, Middelfart, Denmark
| | - Aina Danielsson
- Department of Orthopedics, Sahlgren University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Åkesson
- Department of Orthopedics and Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Acke Ohlin
- Department of Orthopedics and Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Klas Halldin
- Department of Orthopedics, Sahlgren University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pawel Grabowski
- Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Max Tenne
- Department of Orthopedics and Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- Department of Medical Genetics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine, Lipid Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikkel Andersen
- Sector for Spine Surgery and Research, Middelfart Hospital, Middelfart, Denmark
| | | | - Magnus K Karlsson
- Department of Orthopedics and Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hong Jiao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Hälsovägen 7-9, SE-14183, Huddinge, Sweden; Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Hälsovägen 7-9, SE-14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Hälsovägen 7-9, SE-14183, Huddinge, Sweden; Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Hälsovägen 7-9, SE-14183, Huddinge, Sweden; Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Paul Gerdhem
- Department of Orthopedics, Karolinska University Hospital, K54, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC) Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden.
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9
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Associations of polymorphisms in the bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene with risk and prognosis of osteosarcoma in a Chinese population. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:2059-64. [PMID: 25391427 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer in adolescence. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) plays important roles in the development of bone and cartilage and in inhibiting the tumorigenicity of cancer stem cells in human osteosarcoma cell line. The aim of this study was to examine whether polymorphisms in the BMP2 gene are associated with osteosarcoma risk and prognosis in Chinese population. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the BMP2 gene were genotyped in a case-control study, including 203 osteosarcoma patients and 406 cancer-free controls. We found that rs3178250 TT genotype was associated with significant increased osteosarcoma risk (age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.06, 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 1.23-3.45) compared with CC genotype. Subjects carrying the AA genotype of rs1005464 had significant decreased cancer risk (age-adjusted OR = 0.44, 95% CI of 0.23-0.85) compared with those carrying the GG genotype. Haplotype analysis also showed that carriers of the G-T-T-G and A-T-T-G haplotypes (rs235764-rs3178250-rs235768-rs1005464) had significant increased risks of osteosarcoma (age-adjusted OR = 1.85, 95% CI of 1.28-2.66 and age-adjusted OR = 1.51, 95% CI of 1.06-2.16) compared with the G-C-T-A haplotype carriers. Besides, rs1005464 was an independent prognostic factor for osteosarcoma patients (GA vs. GG: age-adjusted hazard radio (HR) = 0.60, 95% CI of 0.36-0.99). Our data suggest that genetic mutations in the BMP2 gene are associated with osteosarcoma risk and prognosis in a Chinese population.
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10
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McBride SH, McKenzie JA, Bedrick BS, Kuhlmann P, Pasteris JD, Rosen V, Silva MJ. Long bone structure and strength depend on BMP2 from osteoblasts and osteocytes, but not vascular endothelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96862. [PMID: 24837969 PMCID: PMC4024030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) in the skeleton is well known. BMP2 is expressed in a variety of tissues during development, growth and healing. In this study we sought to better identify the role of tissue-specific BMP2 during post-natal growth and to determine if BMP2 knockout affects the ability of terminally differentiated cells to create high quality bone material. We targeted BMP2 knockout to two differentiated cell types known to express BMP2 during growth and healing, early-stage osteoblasts and their progeny (osterix promoted Cre) and vascular endothelial cells (vascular-endothelial-cadherin promoted Cre). Our objectives were to assess post-natal bone growth, structure and strength. We hypothesized that removal of BMP2 from osteogenic and vascular cells (separately) would result in smaller skeletons with inferior bone material properties. At 12 and 24 weeks of age the osteoblast knockout of BMP2 reduced body weight by 20%, but the vascular knockout had no effect. Analysis of bone in the tibia revealed reductions in cortical and cancellous bone size and volume in the osteoblast knockout, but not in the vascular endothelial knockout. Furthermore, forelimb strength testing revealed a 30% reduction in ultimate force at both 12 and 24 weeks in the osteoblast knockout of BMP2, but no change in the vascular endothelial knockout. Moreover, mechanical strength testing of femurs from osteoblast knockout mice demonstrated an increased Young's modulus (greater than 35%) but decreased post-yield displacement (greater than 50%) at both 12 and 24 weeks of age. In summary, the osteoblast knockout of BMP2 reduced bone size and altered mechanical properties at the whole-bone and material levels. Osteoblast-derived BMP2 has an important role in post-natal skeletal growth, structure and strength, while vascular endothelial-derived BMP2 does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H. McBride
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. McKenzie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bronwyn S. Bedrick
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Paige Kuhlmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jill D. Pasteris
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Silva
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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11
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Garg G, Kumar J, McGuigan FE, Ridderstråle M, Gerdhem P, Luthman H, Åkesson K. Variation in the MC4R gene is associated with bone phenotypes in elderly Swedish women. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88565. [PMID: 24516669 PMCID: PMC3916440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. Fat mass is a determinant of bone strength and both phenotypes have a strong genetic component. In this study, we examined the association between obesity associated polymorphisms (SNPs) with body composition, BMD, Ultrasound (QUS), fracture and biomarkers (Homocysteine (Hcy), folate, Vitamin D and Vitamin B12) for obesity and osteoporosis. Five common variants: rs17782313 and rs1770633 (melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R); rs7566605 (insulin induced gene 2 (INSIG2); rs9939609 and rs1121980 (fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) were genotyped in 2 cohorts of Swedish women: PEAK-25 (age 25, n = 1061) and OPRA (age 75, n = 1044). Body mass index (BMI), total body fat and lean mass were strongly positively correlated with QUS and BMD in both cohorts (r2 = 0.2–0.6). MC4R rs17782313 was associated with QUS in the OPRA cohort and individuals with the minor C-allele had higher values compared to T-allele homozygotes (TT vs. CT vs. CC: BUA: 100 vs. 103 vs. 103; p = 0.002); (SOS: 1521 vs. 1526 vs. 1524; p = 0.008); (Stiffness index: 69 vs. 73 vs. 74; p = 0.0006) after adjustment for confounders. They also had low folate (18 vs. 17 vs. 16; p = 0.03) and vitamin D (93 vs. 91 vs. 90; p = 0.03) and high Hcy levels (13.7 vs 14.4 vs. 14.5; p = 0.06). Fracture incidence was lower among women with the C-allele, (52% vs. 58%; p = 0.067). Variation in MC4R was not associated with BMD or body composition in either OPRA or PEAK-25. SNPs close to FTO and INSIG2 were not associated with any bone phenotypes in either cohort and FTO SNPs were only associated with body composition in PEAK-25 (p≤0.001). Our results suggest that genetic variation close to MC4R is associated with quantitative ultrasound and risk of fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Garg
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Department of Orthopaedics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jitender Kumar
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fiona E. McGuigan
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Department of Orthopaedics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martin Ridderstråle
- Clinical Obesity Research, Department of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Paul Gerdhem
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Holger Luthman
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristina Åkesson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Department of Orthopaedics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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12
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Polymorphisms in the inflammatory genes CIITA, CLEC16A and IFNG influence BMD, bone loss and fracture in elderly women. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47964. [PMID: 23133532 PMCID: PMC3485004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclast activity and the fine balance between bone formation and resorption is affected by inflammatory factors such as cytokines and T lymphocyte activity, mediated by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, in turn regulated by the MHC class II transactivator (MHC2TA). We investigated the effect of functional polymorphisms in the MHC2TA gene (CIITA), and two additional genes; C-type lectin domain 16A (CLEC16A), in linkage disequilibrium with CIITA and Interferon-γ (IFNG), an inducer of CIITA; on bone density, bone resorption markers, bone loss and fracture risk in 75 year-old women followed for up to 10 years (OPRA n = 1003) and in young adult women (PEAK-25 n = 999). CIITA was associated with BMD at age 75 (lumbar spine p = 0.011; femoral neck (FN) p = 0.049) and age 80 (total body p = 0.015; total hip p = 0.042; FN p = 0.028). Carriers of the CIITA rs3087456(G) allele had 1.8–3.4% higher BMD and displayed increased rate of bone loss between age 75 and 80 (FN p = 0.013; total hip p = 0.030; total body p = 3.8E−5). Despite increasing bone loss, the rs3087456(G) allele was protective against incident fracture overall (p = 0.002), osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture. Carriers of CLEC16A and IFNG variant alleles had lower BMD (p<0.05) and ultrasound parameters and a lower risk of incident fracture (CLEC16A, p = 0.011). In 25-year old women, none of the genes were associated with BMD. In conclusion, variation in inflammatory genes CIITA, CLEC-16A and INFG appear to contribute to bone phenotypes in elderly women and suggest a role for low-grade inflammation and MHC class II expression for osteoporosis pathogenesis.
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13
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Age-dependent variation of genotypes in MHC II transactivator gene (CIITA) in controls and association to type 1 diabetes. Genes Immun 2012; 13:632-40. [PMID: 23052709 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2012.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex class II transactivator (CIITA) gene (16p13) has been reported to associate with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and myocardial infarction, recently also to celiac disease at genome-wide level. However, attempts to replicate association have been inconclusive. Previously, we have observed linkage to the CIITA region in Scandinavian type 1 diabetes (T1D) families. Here we analyze five Swedish T1D cohorts and a combined control material from previous studies of CIITA. We investigate how the genotype distribution within the CIITA gene varies depending on age, and the association to T1D. Unexpectedly, we find a significant difference in the genotype distribution for markers in CIITA (rs11074932, P=4 × 10(-5) and rs3087456, P=0.05) with respect to age, in the collected control material. This observation is replicated in an independent cohort material of about 2000 individuals (P=0.006, P=0.007). We also detect association to T1D for both markers, rs11074932 (P=0.004) and rs3087456 (P=0.001), after adjusting for age at sampling. The association remains independent of the adjacent T1D risk gene CLEC16A. Our results indicate an age-dependent variation in CIITA allele frequencies, a finding of relevance for the contrasting outcomes of previously published association studies.
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14
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Kumar J, Swanberg M, McGuigan F, Callreus M, Gerdhem P, Akesson K. LRP4 association to bone properties and fracture and interaction with genes in the Wnt- and BMP signaling pathways. Bone 2011; 49:343-8. [PMID: 21645651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common complex disorder in postmenopausal women leading to changes in the micro-architecture of bone and increased risk of fracture. Members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) gene family regulates the development and physiology of bone through the Wnt/β-catenin (Wnt) pathway that in turn cross-talks with the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway. In two cohorts of Swedish women: OPRA (n=1002; age 75 years) and PEAK-25 (n=1005; age 25 years), eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from Wnt pathway genes (LRP4; LRP5; G protein-coupled receptor 177, GPR177) were analyzed for association with Bone Mineral Density (BMD), rate of bone loss, hip geometry, quantitative ultrasound and fracture. Additionally, interaction of LRP4 with LRP5, GPR177 and BMP2 were analyzed. LRP4 (rs6485702) was associated with higher total body (TB) and lumbar spine (LS) BMD in the PEAK-25 cohort (p=0.006 and 0.005 respectively), and interaction was observed with LRP5 (p=0.007) and BMP2 (p=0.004) for TB BMD. LRP4 also showed significant interaction with LRP5 for femoral neck (FN) and LS BMD in this cohort. In the OPRA cohort, LRP4 polymorphisms were associated with significantly lower fracture incidence overall (p=0.008-0.001) and fewer hip fractures (rs3816614, p=0.006). Significant interaction in the OPRA cohort was observed for LRP4 with BMP2 and GPR177 for FN BMD as well as for rate of bone loss at TB and FN (p=0.007-0.0001). In conclusion, LRP4 and interaction between LRP4 and genes in the Wnt and BMP signaling pathways modulate bone phenotypes including peak bone mass and fracture, the clinical endpoint of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Kumar
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
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15
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Kruithof BPT, Fritz DT, Liu Y, Garsetti DE, Frank DB, Pregizer SK, Gaussin V, Mortlock DP, Rogers MB. An autonomous BMP2 regulatory element in mesenchymal cells. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:666-74. [PMID: 21268088 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BMP2 is a morphogen that controls mesenchymal cell differentiation and behavior. For example, BMP2 concentration controls the differentiation of mesenchymal precursors into myocytes, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts. Sequences within the 3'untranslated region (UTR) of the Bmp2 mRNA mediate a post-transcriptional block of protein synthesis. Interaction of cell and developmental stage-specific trans-regulatory factors with the 3'UTR is a nimble and versatile mechanism for modulating this potent morphogen in different cell types. We show here, that an ultra-conserved sequence in the 3'UTR functions independently of promoter, coding region, and 3'UTR context in primary and immortalized tissue culture cells and in transgenic mice. Our findings indicate that the ultra-conserved sequence is an autonomously functioning post-transcriptional element that may be used to modulate the level of BMP2 and other proteins while retaining tissue specific regulatory elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boudewijn P T Kruithof
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry (UMDNJ)-New Jersey Medical School (NJMS), Newark, New Jersey 07101-1709, USA
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16
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Varanasi SS, Tuck SP, Mastana SS, Dennison E, Cooper C, Vila J, Francis RM, Datta HK. Lack of association of bone morphogenetic protein 2 gene haplotypes with bone mineral density, bone loss, or risk of fractures in men. J Osteoporos 2011; 2011:243465. [PMID: 22013543 PMCID: PMC3195445 DOI: 10.4061/2011/243465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The association of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) with BMD and risk of fracture was suggested by a recent linkage study, but subsequent studies have been contradictory. We report the results of a study of the relationship between BMP2 genotypes and BMD, annual change in BMD, and risk of fracture in male subjects. Materials and Methods. We tested three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the BMP2 gene, including Ser37Ala SNP, in 342 Caucasian Englishmen, comprising 224 control and 118 osteoporotic subjects. Results. BMP2 SNP1 (Ser37Ala) genotypes were found to have similar low frequency in control subjects and men with osteoporosis. The major informative polymorphism, BMP2 SNP3 (Arg190Ser), showed no statistically significant association with weight, height, BMD, change in BMD at hip or lumbar spine, and risk of fracture. Conclusion. There were no genotypic or haplotypic effects of the BMP2 candidate gene on BMD, change in BMD, or fracture risk identified in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya S. Varanasi
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK,Department of Biology, The University of York, York YO10 5YW, UK
| | - Stephen P. Tuck
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK,Department of Rheumatology, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK
| | - Sarabjit S. Mastana
- Human Genetics Laboratory, SSEHS, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Elaine Dennison
- MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Josephine Vila
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK,Department of Rheumatology, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK
| | - Roger M. Francis
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Harish K. Datta
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK,*Harish K. Datta:
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17
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Fang X, Xu H, Zhang C, Zhang J, Lan X, Gu C, Hong C. Polymorphisms in BMP-2 gene and their associations with growth traits in goats. Genes Genomics 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-010-0762-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Li WF, Hou SX, Yu B, Li MM, Férec C, Chen JM. Genetics of osteoporosis: accelerating pace in gene identification and validation. Hum Genet 2009; 127:249-85. [PMID: 20101412 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to an increased risk of fractures. It is the most common metabolic bone disorder worldwide, affecting one in three women and one in eight men over the age of 50. In the past 15 years, a large number of genes have been reported as being associated with osteoporosis. However, only in the past 4 years we have witnessed an accelerated pace in identifying and validating osteoporosis susceptibility loci. This increase in pace is mostly due to large-scale association studies, meta-analyses, and genome-wide association studies of both single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variations. A comprehensive review of these developments revealed that, to date, at least 15 genes (VDR, ESR1, ESR2, LRP5, LRP4, SOST, GRP177, OPG, RANK, RANKL, COLIA1, SPP1, ITGA1, SP7, and SOX6) can be reasonably assigned as confirmed osteoporosis susceptibility genes, whereas, another >30 genes are promising candidate genes. Notably, confirmed and promising genes are clustered in three biological pathways, the estrogen endocrine pathway, the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, and the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway. New biological pathways will certainly emerge when more osteoporosis genes are identified and validated. These genetic findings may provide new routes toward improved therapeutic and preventive interventions of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Feng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, 100037 Beijing, China
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19
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Devaney JM, Tosi LL, Fritz DT, Gordish-Dressman HA, Jiang S, Orkunoglu-Suer FE, Gordon AH, Harmon BT, Thompson PD, Clarkson PM, Angelopoulos TJ, Gordon PM, Moyna NM, Pescatello LS, Visich PS, Zoeller RF, Brandoli C, Hoffman EP, Rogers MB. Differences in fat and muscle mass associated with a functional human polymorphism in a post-transcriptional BMP2 gene regulatory element. J Cell Biochem 2009; 107:1073-82. [PMID: 19492344 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A classic morphogen, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) regulates the differentiation of pluripotent mesenchymal cells. High BMP2 levels promote osteogenesis or chondrogenesis and low levels promote adipogenesis. BMP2 inhibits myogenesis. Thus, BMP2 synthesis is tightly controlled. Several hundred nucleotides within the 3' untranslated regions of BMP2 genes are conserved from mammals to fishes indicating that the region is under stringent selective pressure. Our analyses indicate that this region controls BMP2 synthesis by post-transcriptional mechanisms. A common A to C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the BMP2 gene (rs15705, +A1123C) disrupts a putative post-transcriptional regulatory motif within the human ultra-conserved sequence. In vitro studies indicate that RNAs bearing the A or C alleles have different protein binding characteristics in extracts from mesenchymal cells. Reporter genes with the C allele of the ultra-conserved sequence were differentially expressed in mesenchymal cells. Finally, we analyzed MRI data from the upper arm of 517 healthy individuals aged 18-41 years. Individuals with the C/C genotype were associated with lower baseline subcutaneous fat volumes (P = 0.0030) and an increased gain in skeletal muscle volume (P = 0.0060) following resistance training in a cohort of young males. The rs15705 SNP explained 2-4% of inter-individual variability in the measured parameters. The rs15705 variant is one of the first genetic markers that may be exploited to facilitate early diagnosis, treatment, and/or prevention of diseases associated with poor fitness. Furthermore, understanding the mechanisms by which regulatory polymorphisms influence BMP2 synthesis will reveal novel pharmaceutical targets for these disabling conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Devaney
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
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20
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Johnson ML, Lara N, Kamel MA. How genomics has informed our understanding of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Genome Med 2009; 1:84. [PMID: 19735586 PMCID: PMC2768991 DOI: 10.1186/gm84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength that predisposes a person to an increased risk of fracture. Osteoporosis is a complex trait that involves multiple genes, environmental factors, and gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. Twin and family studies have indicated that between 25% and 85% of the variation in bone mass and other skeletal phenotypes is heritable, but our knowledge of the underlying genes is limited. Bone mineral density is the most common assessment for diagnosing osteoporosis and is the most often used quantitative value in the design of genetic studies. In recent years, our understanding of the pathophysiology of osteoporosis has been greatly facilitated by advances brought about by the Human Genome Project. Genetic approaches ranging from family studies of monogenic traits to association studies with candidate genes, to whole-genome scans in both humans and animals have identified a small number of genes that contribute to the heritability of bone mass. Studies with transgenic and knockout mouse models have revealed major new insights into the biology of many of these identified genes, but much more needs to be learned. Ultimately, we hope that by revealing the underlying genetics and biology driving the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, new and effective treatment can be developed to combat and possibly cure this devastating disease. Here we review the rapidly evolving field of the genomics of osteoporosis with a focus on important gene discoveries, new biological/physiological paradigms that are emerging, and many of the unanswered questions and hurdles yet to be overcome in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Johnson
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Dentistry, 650 East 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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21
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Guo Y, Yang TL, Pan F, Xu XH, Dong SS, Deng HW. Molecular genetic studies of gene identification for osteoporosis. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2008; 3:223-267. [PMID: 30764094 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.3.2.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review comprehensively summarizes the most important and representative molecular genetics studies of gene identification for osteoporosis published up to the end of September 2007. It is intended to constitute a sequential update of our previously published reviews covering the available data up to the end of 2004. Evidence from candidate gene-association studies, genome-wide linkage and association studies, as well as functional genomic studies (including gene-expression microarray and proteomics) on osteogenesis and osteoporosis, are reviewed separately. Studies of transgenic and knockout mice models relevant to osteoporosis are summarized. The major results of all studies are tabulated for comparison and ease of reference. Comments are made on the most notable findings and representative studies for their potential influence and implications on our present understanding of genetics of osteoporosis. The format adopted by this review should be ideal for accommodating future new advances and studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Tie-Lin Yang
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Feng Pan
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Xiang-Hong Xu
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan Dong
- a The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- b The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China and Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Basic Medical Sciences, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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