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Matsuhashi Y, Horiuchi K, Nakagawa T, Takahashi Y, Imabayashi H, Hosogane N, Watanabe K, Matsumoto M, Chiba K. Abrogation of LBX1 in skeletal muscle results in hypoplastic limbs and progressive kyphosis in mice. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:884-890. [PMID: 35856296 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
LBX1 is a gene located near a single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs11190870, which is highly associated with susceptibility to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. However, the potential involvement of LBX1 in the etiology of this spinal deformity has not been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the lack of LBX1 in skeletal muscle results in spinal deformities in mice. We generated mutant mice in which the Lbx1 allele was conditionally excised under the control of a human muscle actin promoter. Mice lacking LBX1 from the skeletal muscle were fertile and available. The mutant mice had hypoplastic forelimbs and weighed less than control animals, but otherwise, there were no overt anomalies. The mice did not exhibit a scoliosis-like spinal deformity; however, they developed moderate kyphosis as they grew old. These observations indicated that LBX1 is involved in limb development and potentially in the maintenance of spinal curvature/alignment in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuhashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Horiuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakagawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yohei Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Imabayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naobumi Hosogane
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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Wang Y, Li M, Chan CO, Yang G, Lam JCK, Law BCS, Lam TP, Hung ALH, Cheng JCY, Mok DKW, Lee WYW. Biological effect of dysregulated LBX1 on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis through modulating muscle carbohydrate metabolism. Spine J 2022; 22:1551-1565. [PMID: 35460899 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Abnormal energy metabolism such as lower body weight and body mass index (BMI) and less fat mass is widely reported in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and has been implicated in deformity development. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unclear. LBX1 is one of the promising AIS predisposing genes validated by multicenter studies. PURPOSE This study aimed to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) relating to energy metabolism in AIS by using proteomic and metabolic analysis and to explore if the expression of these DEPs is associated with clinical parameters and modulated by LBX1. STUDY DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study using clinical data and biological samples followed by basic study using a cellular model. PATIENT SAMPLE Plasma samples were collected from Chinese girls with nonprogressive and progressive AIS (N=7 and 8, respectively) and age-matched healthy girls (N=50). Paraspinal muscle tissues were collected intraoperatively from concave and convex side of the apex of the major spinal curve in AIS (N=24) and either side from nonscoliosis patients (N=14). OUTCOME MEASURES Radiological Cobb angle and basic anthropometric data of recruited subjects were measured. The DEPs and metabolites were compared in plasma using proteomics and metabolomics technique. The relative expression of selected genes was measured in muscles. METHODS Plasma samples from AIS were collected at first clinical visit and were further divided into nonprogressive or progressive groups according to Cobb angle changes in 6-year follow-up. Age-matched healthy girls were recruited as control. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based proteomic analysis was carried out in three groups to identify DEPs and their annotated metabolic pathways. An independent cohort was used for validation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomic analysis. Paraspinal muscles were subjected to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) followed by correlation analysis. Human skeletal muscle myoblast (HSMM) was used as the cellular model. RESULTS The likelihood of aberrant galactose metabolism and glycolysis was found to be associated with AIS curve progression as evidenced by the thirteen DEPs and seven related metabolites according to proteomic and metabolomic analysis. Some of the DEPs showed significantly altered expression in AIS concave and convex sides paraspinal muscles compared with those in nonscoliosis control. Four DEPs were found significantly and negatively correlated with LBX1 in AIS convex side paraspinal muscles. Overexpressing LBX1 in HSMM cells led to increased expression of three DEPs and decreased expression of three DEPs, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This is the first integrated proteomic and metabolomic analysis on AIS. Our findings show dysregulated galactose metabolism and glycolysis pathways in progressive group of AIS, suggesting the presence of abnormal energy metabolism at early stage of this disease, and their association with higher risk of progressing into more severe curvature. Evidence from ex vivo study with human muscle biopsies and in vitro study with human myoblast cells propose the possible effect of LBX1 on these two pathways in skeletal muscles. The present study provides new evidence of LBX1 function in AIS via modulating effect on the expression of energy metabolism related genes. This study might provide new insights into etiopathogenesis and development of novel treatment strategy targeting on abnormal body weight and BMI in patients with AIS. Additionally, the plasma proteomic and metabolomic studies suggested new candidates as biomarkers for establishing predictive model for AIS onset/progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mengheng Li
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-On Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guangpu Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jacky Chun-Kit Lam
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brian Chun-Sum Law
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsz-Ping Lam
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alec Lik-Hang Hung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jack Chun-Yiu Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daniel Kam-Wah Mok
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wayne Yuk-Wai Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Decourtye L, McCallum-Loudeac JA, Zellhuber-McMillan S, Young E, Sircombe KJ, Wilson MJ. Characterization of a novel Lbx1 mouse loss of function strain. Differentiation 2021; 123:30-41. [PMID: 34906895 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is the most common type of spine deformity affecting 2-3% of the population worldwide. The etiology of this disease is still poorly understood. Several GWAS studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located near the gene LBX1 that is significantly correlated with AIS risk. LBX1 is a transcription factor with roles in myocyte precursor migration, cardiac neural crest specification, and neuronal fate determination in the neural tube. Here, we further investigated the role of LBX1 in the developing spinal cord of mouse embryos using a CRISPR-generated mouse model expressing a truncated version of LBX1 (Lbx1Δ). Homozygous mice died at birth, likely due to cardiac abnormalities. To further study the neural tube phenotype, we used RNA-sequencing to identify 410 genes differentially expressed between the neural tubes of E12.5 wildtype and Lbx1Δ/Δ embryos. Genes with increased expression in the deletion line were involved in neurogenesis and those with broad roles in embryonic development. Many of these genes have also been associated with scoliotic phenotypes. In comparison, genes with decreased expression were primarily involved in skeletal development. Subsequent skeletal and immunohistochemistry analysis further confirmed these results. This study aids in understanding the significance of links between LBX1 function and AIS susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyvianne Decourtye
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jeremy A McCallum-Loudeac
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sylvia Zellhuber-McMillan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Emma Young
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kathleen J Sircombe
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Megan J Wilson
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Wang Y, Feng Z, Cheng KL, Zhang J, Xu L, Lam TP, Hung A, Cheng J, Qiu Y, Lee W. Role of differentially expressed LBX1 in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) paraspinal muscle phenotypes and muscle-bone crosstalk through modulating myoblasts. Stud Health Technol Inform 2021; 280:14-17. [PMID: 34190053 DOI: 10.3233/shti210425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIS is three-dimensional spinal deformity with unclear etiopathogenesis. LBX1 is so far the only multi-centers validated AIS predisposing gene. The imbalance of posterior paraspinal muscles is an important factor in AIS etiopathogenesis. It is poorly understood how LBX1 contributes to the abnormal paraspinal muscles and onset/progression of AIS. We aimed to evaluate the expression of LBX1 in paraspinal muscles at the concave and convex side in AIS, and whether alternation of LBX1 expression could affect myoblastsactivities and potentially influence muscle-bone interaction via myokines expression. Paraspinal muscles from AIS and age- and curvature-matched congenital scoliosis (CS) patients were collected for fiber types analysis. Biopsies were also subjected to qPCR to validate expression of myogenic markers, selected myokines and LBX1. Human skeletal muscle myoblast (HSMM) was used for LBX1 loss-of-function study in vitro. Muscle fiber types analysis showed type I and type IIX/IIAX fibers proportion were significantly different between AIS concave and convex but not in two sides of CS. LBX1, myogenic markers and one myokine were significantly imbalanced in AIS but not in CS. Loss-of-function study showed knockdown of LBX1 could inhibit myogenic markers expression and myokines as well. This study provides new insight into the association between imbalanced paraspinal muscle and potential muscle-bone crosstalk in AIS patients and the biological function of predisposing gene LBX1. Further investigation with appropriate animal models is warranted to explore if asymmetric expression of LBX1 could result in distinct muscle phenotypes and bone qualities thus affect the progression of spine curvature in AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Z Feng
- Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - K L Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - L Xu
- Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - T P Lam
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alh Hung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jcy Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y Qiu
- Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wyw Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, SH Ho Scoliosis Research Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Luo M, Zhang Y, Huang S, Song Y. The Susceptibility and Potential Functions of the LBX1 Gene in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Front Genet 2021; 11:614984. [PMID: 33537061 PMCID: PMC7848184 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.614984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified many susceptibility genes for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). However, most of the results are hard to be replicated in multi-ethnic populations. LBX1 is the most promising candidate gene in the etiology of AIS. We aimed to appraise the literature for the association of LBX1 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility and curve progression in AIS. We also reviewed the function of the LBX1 gene in muscle progenitor cell migration and neuronal determination processes. Three susceptibility loci (rs11190870, rs625039, and rs11598564) near the LBX1 gene, as well as another susceptibility locus (rs678741), related to LBX1 regulation, have been successfully verified to have robust associations with AIS in multi-ethnic populations. The LBX1 gene plays an essential role in regulating the migration and proliferation of muscle precursor cells, and it is known to play a role in neuronal determination processes, especially for the fate of somatosensory relay neurons. The LBX1 gene is the most promising candidate gene in AIS susceptibility due to its position and possible functions in muscle progenitor cell migration and neuronal determination processes. The causality between susceptibility loci related to the LBX1 gene and the pathogenesis of AIS deserves to be explored with further integrated genome-wide and epigenome-wide association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhang
- West China Hospital and West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shishu Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueming Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Li YL, Gao SJ, Xu H, Liu Y, Li HL, Chen XY, Ning GZ, Feng SQ. The association of rs11190870 near LBX1 with the susceptibility and severity of AIS, a meta-analysis. Int J Surg 2018. [PMID: 29535018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common structural deformity of the spine. Genetics constitute largely to AIS, and the rs11190870 polymorphism has the potential for use in public health and clinical settings as a predictor of AIS risk. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to provide exhaustive evidence to evaluate the association of rs11190870 with the susceptibility and severity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in multiple ethnic groups and different genders. MATERIALS AND METHODS The professional databases, including PubMed, Embase, Social Sciences Citation Index, CINAHL, and International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, were searched from 1966 to October 2015. No language restriction was applied. Reference lists of all the selected articles were hand-searched for any additional studies. Three authors independently extracted data from all eligible studies. The data were analyzed by meta-analysis using fixed-effects or random-effects models with mean differences and risk ratios for continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively. RESULTS Eight studies were included, and the pooled analysis suggested that the T genotype of SNP rs11190870 leads to a higher risk of AIS in multiple ethnic groups regardless of gender (Total:OR, 1.66, 95% CI 1.53, 1.79; I2 = 37.3%, P = 0.000, Female: OR, 1.62, 95% CI 1.50, 1.73; I2 = 26.7%, P = 0.000, Male: OR, 1.79, 95% CI 1.38, 2.20; I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.000). Additionally, the TT and TC genotype had a larger Cobb angle than those with the CC genotype in the overall and female Asian populations. CONCLUSION A significant association of rs11190870 with AIS was observed in multiple ethnic groups regardless of gender. Additionally, a significant association was found between rs11190870 and curve severity in the overall and female Asian populations. Due to the limited data and clinical heterogeneity, further studies with large sample sizes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Shi-Jie Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Hai-Liang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Xing-Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Guang-Zhi Ning
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Shi-Qing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, PR China.
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Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common disease. It is a multi-factorial (polygenic) disease controlled by genetic and environmental factors. Studies searching for genetic factors of AIS using linkage and association analyses have been conducted and several susceptibility genes have been reported. This paper reviews the recent progress in the genome-wide association study of AIS in Japan and comments on its future task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan
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Grauers A, Wang J, Einarsdottir E, Simony A, Danielsson A, Åkesson K, Ohlin A, Halldin K, Grabowski P, Tenne M, Laivuori H, Dahlman I, Andersen M, Christensen SB, Karlsson MK, Jiao H, Kere J, Gerdhem P. Candidate gene analysis and exome sequencing confirm LBX1 as a susceptibility gene for idiopathic scoliosis. Spine J 2015; 15:2239-46. [PMID: 25987191 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Idiopathic scoliosis is a spinal deformity affecting approximately 3% of otherwise healthy children or adolescents. The etiology is still largely unknown but has an important genetic component. Genome-wide association studies have identified a number of common genetic variants that are significantly associated with idiopathic scoliosis in Asian and Caucasian populations, rs11190870 close to the LBX1 gene being the most replicated finding. PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetics of idiopathic scoliosis in a Scandinavian cohort by performing a candidate gene study of four variants previously shown to be associated with idiopathic scoliosis and exome sequencing of idiopathic scoliosis patients with a severe phenotype to identify possible novel scoliosis risk variants. STUDY DESIGN This was a case control study. PATIENT SAMPLE A total of 1,739 patients with idiopathic scoliosis and 1,812 controls were included. OUTCOME MEASURE The outcome measure was idiopathic scoliosis. METHODS The variants rs10510181, rs11190870, rs12946942, and rs6570507 were genotyped in 1,739 patients with idiopathic scoliosis and 1,812 controls. Exome sequencing was performed on pooled samples from 100 surgically treated idiopathic scoliosis patients. Novel or rare missense, nonsense, or splice site variants were selected for individual genotyping in the 1,739 cases and 1,812 controls. In addition, the 5'UTR, noncoding exon and promoter regions of LBX1, not covered by exome sequencing, were Sanger sequenced in the 100 pooled samples. RESULTS Of the four candidate genes, an intergenic variant, rs11190870, downstream of the LBX1 gene, showed a highly significant association to idiopathic scoliosis in 1,739 cases and 1,812 controls (p=7.0×10(-18)). We identified 20 novel variants by exome sequencing after filtration and an initial genotyping validation. However, we could not verify any association to idiopathic scoliosis in the large cohort of 1,739 cases and 1,812 controls. We did not find any variants in the 5'UTR, noncoding exon and promoter regions of LBX1. CONCLUSIONS Here, we confirm LBX1 as a susceptibility gene for idiopathic scoliosis in a Scandinavian population and report that we are unable to find evidence of other genes of similar or stronger effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grauers
- Department of Orthopedics, Sundsvall and Härnösand County Hospital, SE-85186, Sundsvall, Sweden; Department of Orthopedics, Karolinska University Hospital, K54, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC) Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Hälsovägen 7-9, SE-14183, Huddinge, Sweden; Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Hälsovägen 7-9, SE-14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Einarsdottir
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Hälsovägen 7-9, SE-14183, Huddinge, Sweden; Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Hälsovägen 7-9, SE-14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ane Simony
- Sector for Spine Surgery and Research, Middelfart Hospital, Middelfart, Denmark
| | - Aina Danielsson
- Department of Orthopedics, Sahlgren University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Åkesson
- Department of Orthopedics and Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Acke Ohlin
- Department of Orthopedics and Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Klas Halldin
- Department of Orthopedics, Sahlgren University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pawel Grabowski
- Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Max Tenne
- Department of Orthopedics and Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- Department of Medical Genetics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine, Lipid Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikkel Andersen
- Sector for Spine Surgery and Research, Middelfart Hospital, Middelfart, Denmark
| | | | - Magnus K Karlsson
- Department of Orthopedics and Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hong Jiao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Hälsovägen 7-9, SE-14183, Huddinge, Sweden; Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Hälsovägen 7-9, SE-14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Hälsovägen 7-9, SE-14183, Huddinge, Sweden; Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Hälsovägen 7-9, SE-14183, Huddinge, Sweden; Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Paul Gerdhem
- Department of Orthopedics, Karolinska University Hospital, K54, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC) Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden.
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9
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Chen S, Zhao L, Roffey DM, Phan P, Wai EK. Association of rs11190870 near LBX1 with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in East Asians: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Spine J 2014; 14:2968-75. [PMID: 24878781 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT The rs11190870 single nucleotide polymorphism in the 3'-flanking region of the LBX1 gene has been implicated in the etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). A thorough appraisal of the evidence supporting this association has not been previously attempted. PURPOSE To provide a comprehensive assessment and synthesis of the currently available evidence on the association between rs11190870 and AIS. STUDY DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Scopus, and HuGE Literature Finder databases were systematically searched through November 2013 to identify relevant studies following a sensitive strategy. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the fixed-effect inverse variance model for allelic (T vs. C) and genotypic comparisons. RESULTS Meta-analysis of four studies conducted in East Asian populations (n=3,215 AIS cases and n=15,347 controls) found a highly statistically significant and robust association between rs11190870 and AIS. Comparison of summary ORs indicated a codominant model effect of the T allele. Carriers of the TC and TT genotypes were 69% (OR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.48-1.94, p<.001) and 162% (OR=2.62, 95% CI: 2.28-3.02, p<.001), respectively, more likely to have AIS compared with carriers of the CC genotype. CONCLUSIONS Based on a comprehensive analysis of the currently available evidence, rs11190870 is likely a susceptibility variant for AIS in East Asians. Further investigation of this association is necessary in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Chen
- University of Ottawa Spine Program, The Ottawa Hospital, 1053 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1Y 4E9.
| | - Linlu Zhao
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St., New Haven, CT, USA, 06510
| | - Darren M Roffey
- University of Ottawa Spine Program, The Ottawa Hospital, 1053 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1Y 4E9; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 725 Parkdale Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1Y 4E9
| | - Philippe Phan
- University of Ottawa Spine Program, The Ottawa Hospital, 1053 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1Y 4E9; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, 1053 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1Y 4E9
| | - Eugene K Wai
- University of Ottawa Spine Program, The Ottawa Hospital, 1053 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1Y 4E9; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 725 Parkdale Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1Y 4E9; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, 1053 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1Y 4E9
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10
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Fernández-Jaén A, Suela J, Fernández-Mayoralas DM, Fernández-Perrone AL, Wotton KR, Dietrich S, Castellanos MDC, Cigudosa JC, Calleja-Pérez B, López-Martín S. Microduplication 10q24.31 in a Spanish girl with scoliosis and myopathy: the critical role of LBX. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2074-8. [PMID: 24782348 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
LBX1 plays a cardinal role in neuronal and muscular development in animal models. Its function in humans is unknown; it has been reported as a candidate gene for idiopathic scoliosis. Our goal is to document the first clinical case of a microduplication at 10q24.31 (chr10:102927883-103053612, hg19), affecting exclusively LBX1. The patient, a 12-year-old girl, showed attention problems, dyspraxia, idiopathic congenital scoliosis, and marked hypotrophy of paravertebral muscles. Her paternal aunt had a severe and progressive myopathy with a genetic study that revealed the same duplication. We propose to consider genetic studies, particularly of LBX1, in patients with scoliosis and/or hypotrophy-hypoplasia of paravertebral muscles of unknown etiology.
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