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Zanghellini B, Zechmann N, Baurecht D, Grünewald TA, Burghammer M, Liegl-Atzwanger B, Leithner A, Davydok A, Lichtenegger H. Multimodal analysis and comparison of stoichiometric and structural characteristics of parosteal and conventional osteosarcoma with massive sclerosis in human bone. J Struct Biol 2024; 216:108106. [PMID: 38871094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2024.108106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant primary bone tumor in humans and occurs in various subtypes. Tumor formation happens through malignant osteoblasts producing immature bone. In the present paper we studied two different subtypes of osteosarcoma, from one individual with conventional OS with massive sclerosis and one individual with parosteal OS, based on a multimodal approach including small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), wide angle x-ray diffraction (WAXS), backscattered electron imaging (BEI) and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that both tumors showed reduced mineral particle sizes and degree of orientation of the collagen-mineral composite in the affected areas, alongside with a decreased crystallinity. Distinct differences between the tumor material from the two individuals were found in the degree of mineralization. Further differences were observed in the carbonate to phosphate ratio, which is related to the degree of carbonate substitution in bone mineral and indicative of the turnover rate. The contraction of the c-axis of the bone mineral crystals proved to be a further, very sensitive parameter, potentially indicative of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Zechmann
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Dieter Baurecht
- Instiute of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Tilman A Grünewald
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Med, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Andreas Leithner
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Anton Davydok
- Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Helga Lichtenegger
- Institute of Physics and Material Science, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria.
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Zou D, Yue L, Fan Z, Zhao Y, Leng H, Sun Z, Li W. Biomechanical Analysis of Lumbar Interbody Fusion Cages With Various Elastic Moduli in Osteoporotic and Non-osteoporotic Lumbar Spine: A Finite Element Analysis. Global Spine J 2024; 14:2053-2061. [PMID: 37132375 DOI: 10.1177/21925682231166612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Finite element analysis (FEA). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the effects of cage elastic modulus (Cage-E) on the endplate stress in different bone conditions: osteoporosis (OP) and non-osteoporosis (non-OP). We also explored the correlation between endplate thickness and endplate stress. METHODS The FEA models of L4-L5 with lumbar interbody fusion were designed to access the effects of Cage-E on the endplate stress in different bone conditions. Two groups of the Young's moduli of bony structure were assigned to simulate the conditions of OP and non-OP, and the bony endplates were analyzed in 2 kinds of thicknesses: .5 mm and 1.0 mm, with the insertion of cages with different Young's moduli including .5, 1.5, 3, 5, 10, and 20 GPa. After model validation, an axial compressive load of 400 N and a flexion/extension moment of 7.5Nm was performed on the superior surface of L4 vertebral body in order to analyze the distribution of stress. RESULTS The maximum Von Mises stress in the endplates increased by up to 100% in the OP model compared with non-OP model under the same condition of cage-E and endplate thickness. In both OP and non-OP models, the maximum endplate stress decreased as the cage-E decreased, but the maximum stress in the lumbar posterior fixation increased as the cage-E decreased. Thinner endplate thickness was associated with increased endplate stress. CONCLUSION The endplate stress is higher in osteoporotic bone than non-osteoporotic bone, which explains part of the mechanism of OP-related cage subsidence. It is reasonable to reduce the endplate stress by reducing the cage-E, but we should balance the risk of fixation failure. Endplate thickness is also important when evaluating the cage subsidence risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Zou
- Orthopaedics Department, Peking University Third Hospital, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, China
- Orthopaedics Department, Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, China
| | - Lihao Yue
- Orthopaedics Department, Peking University Health Science Center, China
| | - Zheyu Fan
- Orthopaedics Department, Peking University Health Science Center, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Orthopaedics Department, Peking University Health Science Center, China
| | - Huijie Leng
- Orthopaedics Department, Peking University Third Hospital, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, China
- Orthopaedics Department, Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, China
| | - Zhuoran Sun
- Orthopaedics Department, Peking University Third Hospital, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, China
- Orthopaedics Department, Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, China
| | - Weishi Li
- Orthopaedics Department, Peking University Third Hospital, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, China
- Orthopaedics Department, Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, China
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Zhou X, Jiang J, Dang J, Wang Y, Hu R, Shen C, Zhao T, Sun D, Wang G, Zhang M. Intelligent Supramolecular Modification for Implants: Endogenous Regulation of Bone Defect Repair in Osteoporosis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2406227. [PMID: 39166701 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Addressing osteoporosis-related bone defects, a supramolecular strategy is innovated for modifying carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone (CF/PEEK) composites. By covalently attaching intelligent macromolecules via in situ RAFT polymerization, leveraging the unique pathological microenvironment in patients with iron-overloaded osteoporosis, intelligent supramolecular modified implant surface possesses multiple endogenous modulation capabilities. After implantation, surface brush-like macromolecules initially resist macrophage adhesion, thereby reducing the level of immune inflammation. Over time, the molecular chains undergo conformational changes due to Fe (III) mediated supramolecular self-assembly, transforming into mechanistic signals. These signals are then specifically transmitted to pre-osteoblast cell through the binding capacity of the KRSR short peptide at the molecular terminus, induced their osteogenic differentiation via the YAP/β-catenin signaling axis. Furthermore, osteoblasts secrete alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which significantly hydrolyzes phosphate ester bonds in surface macromolecular side groups, resulting in the release of alendronate (ALN). This process further improves the local osteoporotic microenvironment. This intelligent surface modification tailors bone repair to individual conditions, automatically realize multiple endogenous regulation once implanted, and truly realize spontaneous activation of a series of responses conducive to bone repair in vivo. It is evidenced by improved bone regeneration in iron-overloaded osteoporotic rabbits and supported by in vitro validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Junhui Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Junbo Dang
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Ruibo Hu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chen Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tianhao Zhao
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Dahui Sun
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Guibin Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Special Engineering Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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Sreepadmanabh M, Arun AB, Bhattacharjee T. Design approaches for 3D cell culture and 3D bioprinting platforms. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2024; 5:021304. [PMID: 38765221 PMCID: PMC11101206 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The natural habitat of most cells consists of complex and disordered 3D microenvironments with spatiotemporally dynamic material properties. However, prevalent methods of in vitro culture study cells under poorly biomimetic 2D confinement or homogeneous conditions that often neglect critical topographical cues and mechanical stimuli. It has also become increasingly apparent that cells in a 3D conformation exhibit dramatically altered morphological and phenotypical states. In response, efforts toward designing biomaterial platforms for 3D cell culture have taken centerstage over the past few decades. Herein, we present a broad overview of biomaterials for 3D cell culture and 3D bioprinting, spanning both monolithic and granular systems. We first critically evaluate conventional monolithic hydrogel networks, with an emphasis on specific experimental requirements. Building on this, we document the recent emergence of microgel-based 3D growth media as a promising biomaterial platform enabling interrogation of cells within porous and granular scaffolds. We also explore how jammed microgel systems have been leveraged to spatially design and manipulate cellular structures using 3D bioprinting. The advent of these techniques heralds an unprecedented ability to experimentally model complex physiological niches, with important implications for tissue bioengineering and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sreepadmanabh
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashitha B. Arun
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Tapomoy Bhattacharjee
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
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Kriener K, Whiting H, Storr N, Homes R, Lala R, Gabrielyan R, Kuang J, Rubin B, Frails E, Sandstrom H, Futter C, Midwinter M. Applied use of biomechanical measurements from human tissues for the development of medical skills trainers: a scoping review. JBI Evid Synth 2023; 21:2309-2405. [PMID: 37732940 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-22-00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to identify quantitative biomechanical measurements of human tissues, the methods for obtaining these measurements, and the primary motivations for conducting biomechanical research. INTRODUCTION Medical skills trainers are a safe and useful tool for clinicians to use when learning or practicing medical procedures. The haptic fidelity of these devices is often poor, which may be because the synthetic materials chosen for these devices do not have the same mechanical properties as human tissues. This review investigates a heterogeneous body of literature to identify which biomechanical properties are available for human tissues, the methods for obtaining these values, and the primary motivations behind conducting biomechanical tests. INCLUSION CRITERIA Studies containing quantitative measurements of the biomechanical properties of human tissues were included. Studies that primarily focused on dynamic and fluid mechanical properties were excluded. Additionally, studies only containing animal, in silico , or synthetic materials were excluded from this review. METHODS This scoping review followed the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Sources of evidence were extracted from CINAHL (EBSCO), IEEE Xplore, MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, and engineering conference proceedings. The search was limited to the English language. Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts as well as full-text reviews. Any conflicts that arose during screening and full-text review were mediated by a third reviewer. Data extraction was conducted by 2 independent reviewers and discrepancies were mediated through discussion. The results are presented in tabular, figure, and narrative formats. RESULTS Data were extracted from a total of 186 full-text publications. All of the studies, except for 1, were experimental. Included studies came from 33 countries, with the majority coming from the United States. Ex vivo methods were the predominant approach for extracting human tissue samples, and the most commonly studied tissue type was musculoskeletal. In this study, nearly 200 unique biomechanical values were reported, and the most commonly reported value was Young's (elastic) modulus. The most common type of mechanical test performed was tensile testing, and the most common reason for testing human tissues was to characterize biomechanical properties. Although the number of published studies on biomechanical properties of human tissues has increased over the past 20 years, there are many gaps in the literature. Of the 186 included studies, only 7 used human tissues for the design or validation of medical skills training devices. Furthermore, in studies where biomechanical values for human tissues have been obtained, a lack of standardization in engineering assumptions, methodologies, and tissue preparation may implicate the usefulness of these values. CONCLUSIONS This review is the first of its kind to give a broad overview of the biomechanics of human tissues in the published literature. With respect to high-fidelity haptics, there is a large gap in the published literature. Even in instances where biomechanical values are available, comparing or using these values is difficult. This is likely due to the lack of standardization in engineering assumptions, testing methodology, and reporting of the results. It is recommended that journals and experts in engineering fields conduct further research to investigate the feasibility of implementing reporting standards. REVIEW REGISTRATION Open Science Framework https://osf.io/fgb34.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyleigh Kriener
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Harrison Whiting
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Royal Brisbane Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas Storr
- Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD Australia
| | - Ryan Homes
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Raushan Lala
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert Gabrielyan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Ochsner Clinical School, Jefferson, LA, United States
| | - Jasmine Kuang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Ochsner Clinical School, Jefferson, LA, United States
| | - Bryn Rubin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Ochsner Clinical School, Jefferson, LA, United States
| | - Edward Frails
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Hannah Sandstrom
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Christopher Futter
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Program, Herston Biofabrication institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Midwinter
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Massie C, Knapp E, Awad HA, Berger AJ. Detection of osteoporotic-related bone changes and prediction of distal radius strength using Raman spectra from excised human cadaver finger bones. J Biomech 2023; 161:111852. [PMID: 37924650 PMCID: PMC10872783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
While osteoporosis is reliably diagnosed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), screening rates are alarmingly low, contributing to preventable fractures. Raman spectroscopy (RS) can detect biochemical changes that occur in bones transcutaneously and can arguably be more accessible than DXA as a fracture risk assessment. A reasonable approach to translate RS is to interrogate phalangeal bones of human hands, where the soft tissues covering the bone are less likely to hamper transcutaneous measurements. To that end, we set out to first determine whether Raman spectra obtained from phalangeal bones correlate with distal radius fracture strength, which can predict subsequent osteoporotic fractures at the spine and hip. We performed RS upon diaphyseal and epiphyseal regions of exposed proximal phalanges from 12 cadaver forearms classified as healthy (n = 3), osteopenic (n = 4), or osteoporotic (n = 5) based on wrist T-scores measured by DXA. We observed a significant decrease in phosphate to matrix ratio and a significant increase in carbonate substitution in the osteoporotic phalanges relative to healthy and osteopenic phalanges. Multivariate regression models produced wrist T-score estimates with significant correlation to the DXA-measured values (r = 0.79). Furthermore, by accounting for phalangeal RS parameters, body mass index, and age, a multivariate regression significantly predicted distal radius strength measured in a simulated-fall biomechanical test (r = 0.81). These findings demonstrate the feasibility of interrogating the phalanges using RS for bone quality assessment of distant clinical sites of fragility fractures, such as the wrist. Future work will address transcutaneous measurement challenges as another requirement for scale-up and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Massie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 207 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Emma Knapp
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Hani A Awad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 207 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Andrew J Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 207 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY 14620, USA; The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, 275 Hutchison Rd, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
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Fertaki S, Giannoutsou P, Orkoula MG. Combining Raman Microspectroscopy and X-ray Microcomputed Tomography for the Study of Bone Quality in Apolipoprotein-Deficient Animal Models. Molecules 2023; 28:7196. [PMID: 37894675 PMCID: PMC10609250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Raman microspectroscopy and X-ray microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) were used for assessment of the quality of the femur and tibia bones in apolipoprotein-deficient mice compared to control littermates. The cortical and trabecular bone was investigated separately. Raman spectra revealed no differences in the bioapatite-to-collagenous matrix ratio of the cortical bone. The quantities of calcium and collagen, which were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively, were also found to be equal in the two groups. Density and morphometric parameters, which were measured using micro-CT, verified the cortical mineral stability. Bone quality indices were measured using Raman spectra. A decreased collagen crosslink (trivalent-to-divalent) ratio revealed delayed maturation of the collagen network. Such a decrease has been reported in the literature to be connected to decreased bone strength. For the trabecular bone, micro-CT revealed severe osteoporosis in the knock-out group, which was evident from a decreased mineral density, trabecular thickness and increased bone surface/volume ratio. The trabecular bone was not accessible for Raman spectroscopy. According to these results, the cortical and trabecular femur bone is expected to exhibit proneness to fracturing, each for a different reason. A combination of the two techniques was regarded as necessary for an overall assessment of bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani Fertaki
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperatures, FORTH/ICE-HT, 265 04 Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiota Giannoutsou
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperatures, FORTH/ICE-HT, 265 04 Patras, Greece
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Lekkala S, Sacher SE, Taylor EA, Williams RM, Moseley KF, Donnelly E. Increased Advanced Glycation Endproducts, Stiffness, and Hardness in Iliac Crest Bone From Postmenopausal Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Insulin. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:261-277. [PMID: 36478472 PMCID: PMC9898222 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a greater risk of bone fracture compared with those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). In contrast, individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) have a lower or similar risk of fracture. Our objective was to understand how progressive glycemic derangement affects advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) content, composition, and mechanical properties of iliac bone from postmenopausal women with NGT (n = 35, age = 65 ± 7 years, HbA1c = 5.8% ± 0.3%), IGT (n = 26, age = 64 ± 5 years, HbA1c = 6.0% ± 0.4%), and T2DM on insulin (n = 25, age = 64 ± 6 years, HbA1c = 9.1% ± 2.2%). AGEs were assessed in all samples using high-performance liquid chromatography to measure pentosidine and in NGT/T2DM samples using multiphoton microscopy to spatially resolve the density of fluorescent AGEs (fAGEs). A subset of samples (n = 14 NGT, n = 14 T2DM) was analyzed with nanoindentation and Raman microscopy. Bone tissue from the T2DM group had greater concentrations of (i) pentosidine versus IGT (cortical +24%, p = 0.087; trabecular +35%, p = 0.007) and versus NGT (cortical +40%, p = 0.003; trabecular +35%, p = 0.004) and (ii) fAGE cross-link density versus NGT (cortical +71%, p < 0.001; trabecular +44%, p < 0.001). Bone pentosidine content in the IGT group was lower than in the T2DM group and did not differ from the NGT group, indicating that the greater AGE content observed in T2DM occurs with progressive diabetes. Individuals with T2DM on metformin had lower cortical bone pentosidine compared with individuals not on metformin (-35%, p = 0.017). Cortical bone from the T2DM group was stiffer (+9%, p = 0.021) and harder (+8%, p = 0.039) versus the NGT group. Bone tissue AGEs, which embrittle bone, increased with worsening glycemic control assessed by HbA1c (Pen: R2 = 0.28, p < 0.001; fAGE density: R2 = 0.30, p < 0.001). These relationships suggest a potential mechanism by which bone fragility may increase despite greater tissue stiffness and hardness in individuals with T2DM; our results suggest that it occurs in the transition from IGT to overt T2DM. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashank Lekkala
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Sara E. Sacher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Erik A. Taylor
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | | | - Kendall F. Moseley
- Division of Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
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Pei S, Zhou Y, Li Y, Azar T, Wang W, Kim DG, Liu XS. Instrumented nanoindentation in musculoskeletal research. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 176:38-51. [PMID: 35660010 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal tissues, such as bone, cartilage, and muscle, are natural composite materials that are constructed with a hierarchical structure ranging from the cell to tissue level. The component differences and structural complexity, together, require comprehensive multiscale mechanical characterization. In this review, we focus on nanoindentation testing, which is used for nanometer to sub-micrometer length scale mechanical characterization. In the following context, we will summarize studies of nanoindentation in musculoskeletal research, examine the critical factors that affect nanoindentation testing results, and briefly summarize other commonly used techniques that can be conjoined with nanoindentation for synchronized imaging and colocalized characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Pei
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Yilu Zhou
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Yihan Li
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Tala Azar
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Wenzheng Wang
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Do-Gyoon Kim
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - X Sherry Liu
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States.
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10
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Anderson KD, Ko FC, Fullam S, Virdi AS, Wimmer MA, Sumner D, Ross RD. The relative contribution of bone microarchitecture and matrix composition to implant fixation strength in rats. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:862-870. [PMID: 34061392 PMCID: PMC8633073 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone microarchitectural parameters significantly contribute to implant fixation strength but the role of bone matrix composition is not well understood. To determine the relative contribution of microarchitecture and bone matrix composition to implant fixation strength, we placed titanium implants in 12-week-old intact Sprague-Dawley rats, ovariectomized-Sprague-Dawley rats, and Zucker diabetic fatty rats. We assessed bone microarchitecture by microcomputed tomography, bone matrix composition by Raman spectroscopy, and implant fixation strength at 2, 6, and 10 weeks postimplantation. A stepwise linear regression model accounted for 83.3% of the variance in implant fixation strength with osteointegration volume/total volume (50.4%), peri-implant trabecular bone volume fraction (14.2%), cortical thickness (9.3%), peri-implant trabecular crystallinity (6.7%), and cortical area (2.8%) as the independent variables. Group comparisons indicated that osseointegration volume/total volume was significantly reduced in the ovariectomy group at Week 2 (~28%) and Week 10 (~21%) as well as in the diabetic group at Week 10 (~34%) as compared with the age matched Sprague-Dawley group. The crystallinity of the trabecular bone was significantly elevated in the ovariectomy group at Week 2 (~4%) but decreased in the diabetic group at Week 10 (~3%) with respect to the Sprague-Dawley group. Our study is the first to show that bone microarchitecture explains most of the variance in implant fixation strength, but that matrix composition is also a contributing factor. Therefore, treatment strategies aimed at improving bone-implant contact and peri-implant bone volume without compromising matrix quality should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D. Anderson
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Frank C. Ko
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Spencer Fullam
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Amarjit S. Virdi
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Markus A. Wimmer
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - D.R. Sumner
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Ryan D. Ross
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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11
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Sinzinger F, van Kerkvoorde J, Pahr DH, Moreno R. Predicting the trabecular bone apparent stiffness tensor with spherical convolutional neural networks. Bone Rep 2022; 16:101179. [PMID: 35309107 PMCID: PMC8927924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The apparent stiffness tensor is relevant for characterizing trabecular bone quality. Previous studies have used morphology-stiffness relationships for estimating the apparent stiffness tensor. In this paper, we propose to train spherical convolutional neural networks (SphCNNs) to estimate this tensor. Information of the edges, trabecular thickness, and spacing are summarized in functions on the unitary sphere used as inputs for the SphCNNs. The concomitant dimensionality reduction makes it possible to train neural networks on relatively small datasets. The predicted tensors were compared to the stiffness tensors computed by using the micro-finite element method (μFE), which was considered as the gold standard, and models based on fourth-order fabric tensors. Combining edges and trabecular thickness yields significant improvements in the accuracy compared to the methods based on fourth-order fabric tensors. From the results, SphCNNs are promising for replacing the more expensive μFE stiffness estimations. Characteristic stiffness tensors are derived from trabecular bone micro-CT samples. Previous approximation methods fall short on heterogeneous data-sets. The gradient, trabecular thickness and spacing are mapped to a spherical domain. Spherical convolutional neural networks are used for the prediction. The prediction error is significantly reduced compared to the state-of-the-art.
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12
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Abstract
Raman spectroscopy (RS) is used to analyze the physiochemical properties of bone because it is non-destructive and requires minimal sample preparation. With over two decades of research involving measurements of mineral-to-matrix ratio, type-B carbonate substitution, crystallinity, and other compositional characteristics of the bone matrix by RS, there are multiple methods to acquire Raman signals from bone, to process those signals, and to determine peak ratios including sub-peak ratios as well as the full-width at half maximum of the most prominent Raman peak, which is nu1 phosphate (ν1PO4). Selecting which methods to use is not always clear. Herein, we describe the components of RS instruments and how they influence the quality of Raman spectra acquired from bone because signal-to-noise of the acquisition and the accompanying background fluorescence dictate the pre-processing of the Raman spectra. We also describe common methods and challenges in preparing acquired spectra for the determination of matrix properties of bone. This article also serves to provide guidance for the analysis of bone by RS with examples of how methods for pre-processing the Raman signals and for determining properties of bone composition affect RS sensitivity to potential differences between experimental groups. Attention is also given to deconvolution methods that are used to ascertain sub-peak ratios of the amide I band as a way to assess characteristics of collagen type I. We provide suggestions and recommendations on the application of RS to bone with the goal of improving reproducibility across studies and solidify RS as a valuable technique in the field of bone research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Unal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, 70200, Turkey.
- Department of Bioengineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey 70200
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey 70200
| | - Rafay Ahmed
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Anita Mahadevan-Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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13
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Shi P, Hou A, Li C, Wu X, Jia S, Cen H, Hu X, Gong H. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion ameliorates bone structures and mechanical properties in type 2 diabetic rats by regulating bone remodeling. Bone 2021; 153:116101. [PMID: 34245934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is an intensive insulin therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who have poor glycemic control, but its effect on T2DM-related bone disorder is unclear. This study described the possible mechanisms by which CSII affects bone remodeling, structures, and mechanical properties in T2DM rats. Herein, male rats (6-week-old) were assigned randomly to 4-week and 8-week administration groups, each of which included healthy control, T2DM, CSII, and Placebo groups. Then, metabolic markers, bone formation and resorption markers in serum and protein expressions of osteoclastogenesis regulators in tibias were detected. Meanwhile, microstructures, nanostructures, macro-mechanical properties, nano-mechanical properties, and mineral compositions in femurs were evaluated. 4-week later, CSII treatment restored circulatory metabolites, bone formation and resorption markers, and osteoclastogenesis regulators, improved certain bone microstructures, decreased matrix mineralization, and increased fracture toughness in T2DM rats. For 8-week group, CSII treatment restored bone formation and resorption markers, osteoclastogenesis regulators, and bone microstructures, besides improved bone mineral compositions and nanostructures, enhanced bone mechanical properties such as fracture toughness, maximum load, elastic modulus, indentation modulus and hardness. Collectively, 8-week CSII treatment is more conducive to ameliorating bone structures and mechanical properties in T2DM rats by regulating bone remodeling compared with 4-week CSII treatment, thus improving whole bone quality and providing valuable information for clinical prevention and treatment of T2DM-related bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Shi
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Aiqi Hou
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chenchen Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shaowei Jia
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haipeng Cen
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaorong Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - He Gong
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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14
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Gaihre B, Bharadwaz A, Unagolla JM, Jayasuriya AC. Evaluation of the optimal dosage of BMP-9 through the comparison of bone regeneration induced by BMP-9 versus BMP-2 using an injectable microparticle embedded thermosensitive polymeric carrier in a rat cranial defect model. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 127:112252. [PMID: 34225891 PMCID: PMC8260961 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are well known as enhancers and facilitators of osteogenesis during bone regeneration. The use of recombinant BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) in bone defect healing has drawbacks, which has driven the scouting for alternatives, such as recombinant BMP-9 (rhBMP-9), to provide comparable new bone formation. However, the dosage of rhBMP-9 is quintessential for the facilitation of adequate bone defect healing. Therefore, this study has been designed to evaluate the optimal dosage of BMP-9 by comparing the bone defect healing induced by rhBMP-9 over rhBMP-2. The chitosan (CS) microparticles (MPs), coated with BMPs, were embedded in a thermoresponsive methylcellulose (MC) and calcium alginate (Alg) based injectable delivery system containing a dosage of either 0.5 μg or 1.5 μg of the respective rhBMP per bone defect. A 5 mm critical-sized cranial defect rat model has been used in this study, and bone tissues were harvested at eight weeks post-surgery. The standard tools for comparing the new bone regeneration included micro computerized tomography (micro-CT) and histological analysis. A novel perspective of analyzing the new bone quality and crystallinity was employed by using Raman spectroscopy, along with its elastic modulus quantified through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Results showed that the rhBMP-9 administered at a dosage of 1.5 μg per bone defect, using this delivery system, can adequately facilitate the bone void filling with ample new bone mineralization and crystallinity as compared to rhBMP-2, thus approving the hypothesis for a viable rhBMP-2 alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipin Gaihre
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA
| | - Angshuman Bharadwaz
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA
| | - Janitha M Unagolla
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA
| | - Ambalangodage C Jayasuriya
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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15
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Mandair GS, Akhter MP, Esmonde-White FWL, Lappe JM, Bare SP, Lloyd WR, Long JP, Lopez J, Kozloff KM, Recker RR, Morris MD. Altered collagen chemical compositional structure in osteopenic women with past fractures: A case-control Raman spectroscopic study. Bone 2021; 148:115962. [PMID: 33862262 PMCID: PMC8259347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Incidences of low-trauma fractures among osteopenic women may be related to changes in bone quality. In this blinded, prospective-controlled study, compositional and heterogeneity contributors of bone quality to fracture risk were examined. We hypothesize that Raman spectroscopy can differentiate between osteopenic women with one or more fractures (cases) from women without fractures (controls). This study involved the Raman spectroscopic analysis of cortical and cancellous bone composition using iliac crest biopsies obtained from 59-cases and 59-controls, matched for age (62.0 ± 7.5 and 61.7 ± 7.3 years, respectively, p = 0.38) and hip bone mineral density (BMD, 0.827 ± 0.083 and 0.823 ± 0.072 g/cm3, respectively, p = 0.57). Based on aggregate univariate case-control and odds ratio based logistic regression analyses, we discovered two Raman ratiometric parameters that were predictive of past fracture risk. Specifically, 1244/1268 and 1044/959 cm-1 ratios, were identified as the most differential aspects of bone quality in cortical cases with odds ratios of 0.617 (0.406-0.938 95% CI, p = 0.024) and 1.656 (1.083-2.534 95% CI, p = 0.020), respectively. Both 1244/1268 and 1044/959 cm-1 ratios exhibited moderate sensitivity (59.3-64.4%) but low specificity (49.2-52.5%). These results suggest that the organization of mineralized collagen fibrils were significantly altered in cortical cases compared to controls. In contrast, compositional and heterogeneity parameters related to mineral/matrix ratios, B-type carbonate substitutions, and mineral crystallinity, were not significantly different between cases and controls. In conclusion, a key outcome of this study is the significant odds ratios obtained for two Raman parameters (1244/1268 and 1044/959 cm-1 ratios), which from a diagnostic perspective, may assist in the screening of osteopenic women with suspected low-trauma fractures. One important implication of these findings includes considering the possibility that changes in the organization of collagen compositional structure plays a far greater role in postmenopausal women with osteopenic fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjit S Mandair
- School of Dentistry, Departments of Biologic and Materials, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | | | - Joan M Lappe
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Susan P Bare
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - William R Lloyd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason P Long
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jessica Lopez
- School of Dentistry, Departments of Biologic and Materials, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth M Kozloff
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert R Recker
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael D Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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16
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Al-Ghaithi A, Husband J, Al-Maskari S. Analysis of Bone Microarchitectural Changes and Structural Damage in Sickle Cell Disease-Induced Avascular Necrosis Using Raman Spectroscopy: Is there potential for medical management? Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2021; 21:e297-e301. [PMID: 34221479 PMCID: PMC8219339 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2021.21.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Bone failure due to avascular necrosis (AVN) is a complex pathological phenomenon. Analysis of molecular changes in the bone matrix may help to shed light on the disease process and guide management. This study aimed to explore changes in bone quality and structural damage caused by sickle cell disease (SCD)-induced AVN using Raman spectroscopy. Methods A total of 10 necrotic femoral heads were obtained from seven SCD patients who underwent total hip replacements. The femoral heads were cut in half and scanned using Raman spectroscopy in correlation with preoperative magnetic resonance imaging to identify necrotic and healthy control areas. Subsequently, samples were examined to determine changes in bone mineralisation, crystallinity, carbonate content, collagen cross-linking and mineral and collagen fibril orientation. Results Significant changes were observed in bone mineral content, mineral-to-organic content and collagen fibril orientation in necrotic compared to control areas (P ≤0.050). Conclusion The necrotic samples displayed severe structural damage and loss of mineral and organic contents. Similar Raman signals have been reported in other metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis, thereby potentially supporting the use of medical treatment in AVN to promote bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Ghaithi
- Department of Surgery, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - John Husband
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sultan Al-Maskari
- Department of Surgery, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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17
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Multimodal characterization of the bone-implant interface using Raman spectroscopy and nanoindentation. Med Eng Phys 2020; 84:60-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Taylor EA, Donnelly E. Raman and Fourier transform infrared imaging for characterization of bone material properties. Bone 2020; 139:115490. [PMID: 32569874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the application of Raman spectroscopy to study bone has grown over the past decade, making it a peer technology to FTIR spectroscopy, it has become critical to understand their complimentary roles. Recent technological advancements have allowed these techniques to collect grids of spectra in a spatially resolved fashion to generate compositional images. The advantage of imaging with these techniques is that it allows the heterogenous bone tissue composition to be resolved and quantified. In this review we compare, for non-experts in the field of vibrational spectroscopy, the instrumentation and underlying physical principles of FTIR imaging (FTIRI) and Raman imaging. Additionally, we discuss the strengths and limitations of FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, address sample preparation, and discuss outcomes to provide researchers insight into which techniques are best suited for a given research question. We then briefly discuss previous applications of FTIRI and Raman imaging to characterize bone tissue composition and relationships of compositional outcomes with mechanical performance. Finally, we discuss emerging technical developments in FTIRI and Raman imaging which provide new opportunities to identify changes in bone tissue composition with disease, age, and drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Taylor
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America; Research division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America.
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19
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Spiegl UJ, Weidling M, Schleifenbaum S, Reinhardt M, Heyde CE. Comparison of Long Segmental Dorsal Stabilization with Complete Versus Restricted Pedicle Screw Cement Augmentation in Unstable Osteoporotic Midthoracic Vertebral Body Fractures: A Biomechanical Study. World Neurosurg 2020; 143:e541-e549. [PMID: 32777399 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the construct stability of long-segmental dorsal stabilization in unstable midthoracic osteoporotic fracture situation with complete pedicle screw cement augmentation (ComPSCA) versus restricted pedicle screw cement augmentation (ResPSCA) of the most cranial and caudal pedicle screws. METHODS Twelve fresh frozen human cadaveric specimens (Th 4-Th 10) aged 65 years and older were tested in a biomechanical cadaver study. All specimens received a dual-energy X-ray absorption scan and computed tomography scan before testing. Standardized long segmental stabilization was performed. All specimens were matched into pairs. These pairs were randomized into the groups with ComPSCA and ResPSCA. An unstable Th7 fracture was simulated. The maximum load was tested with 6 mm/min until failure or 20 mm had been reached. After testing, a computed tomography scan was performed. RESULTS The mean age of the specimens was 87.8 years (range 74-101 years). The mean t score was -3.6 (range -1.2 to -5.3). The mean maximum force in the ResPSCA group was 1600 N (range 1119-1880 N) and 1941 N (1183-3761 N) in the ComPSCA group. No statistically significant differences between both study groups (P = 1.0) could be seen. No signs of screw loosening were visible. CONCLUSIONS No statistically significant differences in the maximum loads could be seen. No screw loosening of the non-cemented screws was visible. Thus, the construct stability of long segmental posterior stabilization of an unstable midthoracic fracture using ResPSCA seems to be comparable with ComPSCA under axial compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich J Spiegl
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Martin Weidling
- Center for Research on Musculoskeletal Systems (ZESBO), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Schleifenbaum
- Center for Research on Musculoskeletal Systems (ZESBO), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Reinhardt
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph-E Heyde
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Center for Research on Musculoskeletal Systems (ZESBO), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Tibial subchondral trabecular bone micromechanical and microarchitectural properties are affected by alignment and osteoarthritis stage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3975. [PMID: 32132556 PMCID: PMC7055326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
At advanced knee osteoarthritis (OA) stages subchondral trabecular bone (STB) is altered. Lower limb alignment plays a role in OA progression and modify the macroscopic loading of the medial and lateral condyles of the tibial plateau. How the properties of the STB relate to alignment and OA stage is not well defined. OA stage (KL scores 2–4) and alignment (HKA from 17° Varus to 8° Valgus) of 30 patients were measured and their tibial plateau were collected after total knee arthroplasty. STB tissue elastic modulus, bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and trabecula thickness (Tb.Th) were evaluated with nanoindentation and µCT scans (8.1 µm voxel-size) of medial and lateral samples of each plateau. HKA and KL scores were statistically significantly associated with STB elastic modulus, BV/TV and Tb.Th. Medial to lateral BV/TV ratio correlated with HKA angle (R = −0.53, p = 0.016), revealing a higher ratio for varus than valgus subjects. STB properties showed lower values for KL stage 4 patients. Tissue elastic modulus ratios and BV.TV ratios were strongly correlated (R = 0.81, p < 0.001). Results showed that both micromechanical and microarchitectural properties of STB are affected by macroscopic loading at late stage knee OA. For the first time, a strong association between tissue stiffness and quantity of OA STB was demonstrated.
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21
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Arias-Moreno AJ, Hosseini HS, Bevers M, Ito K, Zysset P, van Rietbergen B. Validation of distal radius failure load predictions by homogenized- and micro-finite element analyses based on second-generation high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT images. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:1433-1443. [PMID: 30997546 PMCID: PMC6614386 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-04935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study developed a well-standardized and reproducible approach for micro-finite element (mFE) and homogenized-FE (hFE) analyses that can accurately predict the distal radius failure load using either mFE or hFE models when using the approaches and parameters developed in this study. INTRODUCTION Micro-FE analyses based on high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HR-pQCT) images are frequently used to predict distal radius failure load. With the introduction of a second-generation HR-pQCT device, however, the default modelling approach no longer provides accurate results. The aim of this study was to develop a well-standardized and reproducible approach for mFE and hFE analyses that can provide precise and accurate results for distal radius failure load predictions based on second-generation HR-pQCT images. METHODS Second-generation HR-pQCT was used to scan the distal 20-mm section of 22 cadaver radii. The sections were excised and mechanically tested afterwards. For these sections, mFE and hFE models were made that were used to identify required material parameters by comparing predicted and measured results. Using these parameters, the models were cropped to represent the 10-mm region recommended for clinical studies to test their performance for failure load prediction. RESULTS After identification of material parameters, the measured failure load of the 20-mm segments was in good agreement with the results of mFE models (R2 = 0.969, slope = 1.035) and hFE models (R2 = 0.966, slope = 0.890). When the models were restricted to the clinical region, mFE still accurately predicted the measured failure load (R2 = 0.955, slope = 1.021), while hFE predictions were precise but tended to overpredict the failure load (R2 = 0.952, slope = 0.780). CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that it is possible to accurately predict the distal radius failure load using either mFE or hFE models when using the approaches and parameters developed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Arias-Moreno
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Zaale, Groene Loper 15, 5612AP, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Mechanics and Production, Autonomous University of Manizales, Antigua Estación del Ferrocarril, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - H S Hosseini
- Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics, University of Bern, Stauffacherstrasse 78, 3014, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Bevers
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Zaale, Groene Loper 15, 5612AP, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - K Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Zaale, Groene Loper 15, 5612AP, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - P Zysset
- Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics, University of Bern, Stauffacherstrasse 78, 3014, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B van Rietbergen
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Zaale, Groene Loper 15, 5612AP, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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22
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Khalid M, Bora T, Ghaithi AA, Thukral S, Dutta J. Raman Spectroscopy detects changes in Bone Mineral Quality and Collagen Cross-linkage in Staphylococcus Infected Human Bone. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9417. [PMID: 29925892 PMCID: PMC6010429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of osteomyelitis presents a formidable challenge. Lack of pathognomonic clinical sign(s) and diagnostic tests that can diagnose osteomyelitis at an early stage contribute to this difficulty. If the diagnosis is not made early, the disease becomes very difficult to eradicate and can lead to limb threatening and potentially life-threatening complications. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common organism causing osteomyelitis. Raman Spectroscopy provides information about molecular vibration that could potentially be harnessed as a spectral signature for cellular changes in specific pathologic conditions. In this study we describe a technique using Raman spectroscopy that could potentially be used to diagnose staphylococcal osteomyelitis. Human bone samples were co-cultured with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and the effects of bacterial growth on bone quality were then monitored using Raman spectroscopy. A major drop in the bone mineral quality and crystallinity was observed in the infected bones compared to the controls. S. aureus infection was also found to alter the collagen cross-linking. Our study shows that specific spectral signatures are present for the cause as well as the effect of staphylococcal osteomyelitis, opening the possibility of developing a useful diagnostic modality for early and rapid diagnosis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Khalid
- Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Universities Road, Taibah, Madinah Al-Munawwarah, 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanujjal Bora
- Centre of Excellence in Nanotechnology, Asian Institute of Technology, PO Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Ahmed Al Ghaithi
- Oman Medical Specialty Board, Orthopaedic Residency Program, Al-Khoud, Al-Athiba, Oman
| | - Sharanjit Thukral
- Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, 123, Oman
| | - Joydeep Dutta
- Functional Materials, Department of Applied Physics, SCI School, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-164 40, Kista, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Sharma D, Larriera AI, Palacio-Mancheno PE, Gatti V, Fritton JC, Bromage TG, Cardoso L, Doty SB, Fritton SP. The effects of estrogen deficiency on cortical bone microporosity and mineralization. Bone 2018; 110:1-10. [PMID: 29357314 PMCID: PMC6377161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated matrix-mineral alterations in bone tissue surrounding osteocytes in estrogen-deficient animals. While cortical bone porosity has been shown to be a contributor to the mechanical properties of bone tissue, little analysis has been done to investigate the effects of estrogen deficiency on bone's microporosities, including the vascular and osteocyte lacunar porosities. In this study we examined alterations in cortical bone microporosity, mineralization, and cancellous bone architecture due to estrogen deficiency in the ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Twenty-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to either ovariectomy or sham surgery. Six weeks post-surgery tibiae were analyzed using high-resolution micro-CT, backscattered electron imaging, nanoindentation, and dynamic histomorphometry. Estrogen deficiency caused an increase in cortical bone vascular porosity, with enlarged vascular pores and little change in tissue mineral density in the proximal tibial metaphysis. Measurements of cancellous architecture corresponded to previous studies reporting a decrease in bone volume fraction, an increase in trabecular separation, and a decrease in trabecular number in the proximal tibia due to estrogen deficiency. Nanoindentation results showed no differences in matrix stiffness in osteocyte-rich areas of the proximal tibia of estrogen-deficient rats, and bone labeling and backscattered electron imaging showed no significant changes in mineralization around the vascular pores. The findings demonstrate local surface alterations of vascular pores due to estrogen deficiency. An increase in cortical vascular porosity may diminish bone strength as well as alter bone mechanotransduction via interstitial fluid flow, both of which could contribute to bone fragility during postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States
| | - Adriana I Larriera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States
| | - Paolo E Palacio-Mancheno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States
| | - Vittorio Gatti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States
| | - J Christopher Fritton
- Department of Orthopaedics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Timothy G Bromage
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, United States
| | - Luis Cardoso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States
| | - Stephen B Doty
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, United States
| | - Susannah P Fritton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States.
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24
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Boskey AL, Imbert L. Bone quality changes associated with aging and disease: a review. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1410:93-106. [PMID: 29265417 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone quality encompasses all the characteristics of bone that, in addition to density, contribute to its resistance to fracture. In this review, we consider changes in architecture, porosity, and composition, including collagen structure, mineral composition, and crystal size. These factors all are known to vary with tissue and animal ages, and health status. Bone morphology and presence of microcracks, which also contribute to bone quality, will not be discussed in this review. Correlations with mechanical performance for collagen cross-linking, crystallinity, and carbonate content are contrasted with mineral content. Age-dependent changes in humans and rodents are discussed in relation to rodent models of disease. Examples are osteoporosis, osteomalacia, osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), and osteopetrosis in both humans and animal models. Each of these conditions, along with aging, is associated with increased fracture risk for distinct reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele L Boskey
- Mineralized Tissue Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.,Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Laurianne Imbert
- Mineralized Tissue Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
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25
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Makowski AJ, Granke M, Ayala OD, Uppuganti S, Mahadevan-Jansen A, Nyman JS. Applying Full Spectrum Analysis to a Raman Spectroscopic Assessment of Fracture Toughness of Human Cortical Bone. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:2385-2394. [PMID: 28708001 PMCID: PMC5561524 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817718149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A decline in the inherent quality of bone tissue is a † Equal contributors contributor to the age-related increase in fracture risk. Although this is well-known, the important biochemical factors of bone quality have yet to be identified using Raman spectroscopy (RS), a nondestructive, inelastic light-scattering technique. To identify potential RS predictors of fracture risk, we applied principal component analysis (PCA) to 558 Raman spectra (370-1720 cm-1) of human cortical bone acquired from 62 female and male donors (nine spectra each) spanning adulthood (age range = 21-101 years). Spectra were analyzed prior to R-curve, nonlinear fracture mechanics that delineate crack initiation (Kinit) from crack growth toughness (Kgrow). The traditional ν1phosphate peak per amide I peak (mineral-to-matrix ratio) weakly correlated with Kinit (r = 0.341, p = 0.0067) and overall crack growth toughness (J-int: r = 0.331, p = 0.0086). Sub-peak ratios of the amide I band that are related to the secondary structure of type 1 collagen did not correlate with the fracture toughness properties. In the full spectrum analysis, one principal component (PC5) correlated with all of the mechanical properties (Kinit: r = - 0.467, Kgrow: r = - 0.375, and J-int: r = - 0.428; p < 0.0067). More importantly, when known predictors of fracture toughness, namely age and/or volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), were included in general linear models as covariates, several PCs helped explain 45.0% (PC5) to 48.5% (PC7), 31.4% (PC6), and 25.8% (PC7) of the variance in Kinit, Kgrow, and J-int, respectively. Deriving spectral features from full spectrum analysis may improve the ability of RS, a clinically viable technology, to assess fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Makowski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212
- Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Mathilde Granke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Oscar D. Ayala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Sasidhar Uppuganti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Anita Mahadevan-Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jeffry S. Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212
- Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
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26
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Paschalis EP, Gamsjaeger S, Klaushofer K. Vibrational spectroscopic techniques to assess bone quality. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:2275-2291. [PMID: 28378291 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4019-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although musculoskeletal diseases such as osteoporosis are diagnosed and treatment outcome is evaluated based mainly on routine clinical outcomes of bone mineral density (BMD) by DXA and biochemical markers, it is recognized that these two indicators, as valuable as they have proven to be in the everyday clinical practice, do not fully account for manifested bone strength. Thus, the term bone quality was introduced, to complement considerations based on bone turnover rates and BMD. Bone quality is an "umbrella" term that incorporates the structural and material/compositional characteristics of bone tissue. Vibrational spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIRM) and imaging (FTIRI), and Raman spectroscopy, are suitable analytical tools for the determination of bone quality as they provide simultaneous, quantitative, and qualitative information on all main bone tissue components (mineral, organic matrix, tissue water), in a spatially resolved manner. Moreover, the results of such analyses may be readily combined with the outcomes of other techniques such as histology/histomorphometry, small angle X-ray scattering, quantitative backscattered electron imaging, and nanoindentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria.
| | - S Gamsjaeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria
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27
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Vennin S, Desyatova A, Turner JA, Watson PA, Lappe JM, Recker RR, Akhter MP. Intrinsic material property differences in bone tissue from patients suffering low-trauma osteoporotic fractures, compared to matched non-fracturing women. Bone 2017; 97:233-242. [PMID: 28132909 PMCID: PMC5367951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporotic (low-trauma) fractures are a significant public health problem. Over 50% of women over 50yrs. of age will suffer an osteoporotic fracture in their remaining lifetimes. While current therapies reduce skeletal fracture risk by maintaining or increasing bone density, additional information is needed that includes the intrinsic material strength properties of bone tissue to help develop better treatments, since measurements of bone density account for no more than ~50% of fracture risk. The hypothesis tested here is that postmenopausal women who have sustained osteoporotic fractures have reduced bone quality, as indicated with measures of intrinsic material properties compared to those who have not fractured. Transiliac biopsies (N=120) were collected from fracturing (N=60, Cases) and non-fracturing postmenopausal women (N=60, age- and BMD-matched Controls) to measure intrinsic material properties using the nano-indentation technique. Each biopsy specimen was embedded in epoxy resin and then ground, polished and used for the nano-indentation testing. After calibration, multiple indentations were made using quasi-static (hardness, modulus) and dynamic (storage and loss moduli) testing protocols. Multiple indentations allowed the median and variance to be computed for each type of measurement for each specimen. Cases were found to have significantly lower median values for cortical hardness and indentation modulus. In addition, cases showed significantly less within-specimen variability in cortical modulus, cortical hardness, cortical storage modulus and trabecular hardness, and more within-specimen variability in trabecular loss modulus. Multivariate modeling indicated the presence of significant independent mechanical effects of cortical loss modulus, along with variability of cortical storage modulus, cortical loss modulus, and trabecular hardness. These results suggest mechanical heterogeneity of bone tissue may contribute to fracture resistance. Although the magnitudes of differences in the intrinsic properties were not overwhelming, this is the first comprehensive study to investigate, and compare the intrinsic properties of bone tissue in fracturing and non-fracturing postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vennin
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - A Desyatova
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - J A Turner
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - P A Watson
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - J M Lappe
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - R R Recker
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - M P Akhter
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States.
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28
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Bi X, Grafe I, Ding H, Flores R, Munivez E, Jiang MM, Dawson B, Lee B, Ambrose CG. Correlations Between Bone Mechanical Properties and Bone Composition Parameters in Mouse Models of Dominant and Recessive Osteogenesis Imperfecta and the Response to Anti-TGF-β Treatment. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:347-359. [PMID: 27649409 PMCID: PMC7894383 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a group of genetic disorders characterized by brittle bones that are prone to fracture. Although previous studies in animal models investigated the mechanical properties and material composition of OI bone, little work has been conducted to statistically correlate these parameters to identify key compositional contributors to the impaired bone mechanical behaviors in OI. Further, although increased TGF-β signaling has been demonstrated as a contributing mechanism to the bone pathology in OI models, the relationship between mechanical properties and bone composition after anti-TGF-β treatment in OI has not been studied. Here, we performed follow-up analyses of femurs collected in an earlier study from OI mice with and without anti-TGF-β treatment from both recessive (Crtap-/- ) and dominant (Col1a2+/P.G610C ) OI mouse models and WT mice. Mechanical properties were determined using three-point bending tests and evaluated for statistical correlation with molecular composition in bone tissue assessed by Raman spectroscopy. Statistical regression analysis was conducted to determine significant compositional determinants of mechanical integrity. Interestingly, we found differences in the relationships between bone composition and mechanical properties and in the response to anti-TGF-β treatment. Femurs of both OI models exhibited increased brittleness, which was associated with reduced collagen content and carbonate substitution. In the Col1a2+/P.G610C femurs, reduced hydroxyapatite crystallinity was also found to be associated with increased brittleness, and increased mineral-to-collagen ratio was correlated with increased ultimate strength, elastic modulus, and bone brittleness. In both models of OI, regression analysis demonstrated that collagen content was an important predictor of the increased brittleness. In summary, this work provides new insights into the relationships between bone composition and material properties in models of OI, identifies key bone compositional parameters that correlate with the impaired mechanical integrity of OI bone, and explores the effects of anti-TGF-β treatment on bone-quality parameters in these models. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Bi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ingo Grafe
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rene Flores
- Academic and Research Affairs, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elda Munivez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ming Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian Dawson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Catherine G Ambrose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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29
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Mirzaali MJ, Schwiedrzik JJ, Thaiwichai S, Best JP, Michler J, Zysset PK, Wolfram U. Mechanical properties of cortical bone and their relationships with age, gender, composition and microindentation properties in the elderly. Bone 2016; 93:196-211. [PMID: 26656135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The growing incidence of skeletal fractures poses a significant challenge to ageing societies. Since a major part of physiological loading in the lower limbs is carried by cortical bone, it would be desirable to better understand the structure-mechanical property relationships and scale effects in this tissue. This study aimed at assessing whether microindentation properties combined with chemical and morphological information are usable to predict macroscopic elastic and strength properties in a donor- and site-matched manner. Specimens for quasi-static macroscopic tests in tension, compression, and torsion and microindentation were prepared from a cohort of 19 male and 20 female donors (46 to 99 years). All tests were performed under fully hydrated conditions. The chemical composition of the extra-cellular matrix was investigated with Raman spectroscopy. The results of the micro-mechanical tests were combined with morphological and compositional properties using a power law relationship to predict the macro-mechanical results. Microindentation properties were not gender dependent, remarkably constant over age, and showed an overall small variation with standard deviations of approximately 10 %. Similar results were obtained for chemical tissue composition. Macro-mechanical stiffness and strength were significantly related to porosity for all load cases (p<0.05). In case of macroscopic yield strain and work-to-failure this was only true in torsion and compression, respectively. The correlations of macro-mechanical with micro-mechanical, morphological, and chemical properties showed no significance for cement line density, mineralisation, or variations in the microindentation results and were dominated by porosity with a moderate explanatory power of predominately less than 50 %. The results confirm that age, with minor exceptions gender, and small variations in average mineralisation have negligible effect on the tissue microindentation properties of human lamellar bone in the elderly. Furthermore, our findings suggest that microindentation experiments are suitable to predict macroscopic mechanical properties in the elderly only on average and not on a one to one basis. The presented data may help to form a better understanding of the mechanisms of ageing in bone tissue and of the length scale at which they are active. This may be used for future prediction of fracture risk in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad J Mirzaali
- Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Jakob Schwiedrzik
- Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics, University of Bern, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Thun, Switzerland
| | | | - James P Best
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Johann Michler
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Philippe K Zysset
- Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Wolfram
- Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics, University of Bern, Switzerland; School of Engineering and Physical Science, Institute for Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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30
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Abstract
Tissue-level mechanical properties characterize mechanical behavior independently of microscopic porosity. Specifically, quasi-static nanoindentation provides measurements of modulus (stiffness) and hardness (resistance to yielding) of tissue at the length scale of the lamella, while dynamic nanoindentation assesses time-dependent behavior in the form of storage modulus (stiffness), loss modulus (dampening), and loss factor (ratio of the two). While these properties are useful in establishing how a gene, signaling pathway, or disease of interest affects bone tissue, they generally do not vary with aging after skeletal maturation or with osteoporosis. Heterogeneity in tissue-level mechanical properties or in compositional properties may contribute to fracture risk, but a consensus on whether the contribution is negative or positive has not emerged. In vivo indentation of bone tissue is now possible, and the mechanical resistance to microindentation has the potential for improving fracture risk assessment, though determinants are currently unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave. S., South Tower, Suite 4200, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Mathilde Granke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave. S., South Tower, Suite 4200, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Robert C Singleton
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - George M Pharr
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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31
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Pascart T, Cortet B, Olejnik C, Paccou J, Migaud H, Cotten A, Delannoy Y, During A, Hardouin P, Penel G, Falgayrac G. Bone Samples Extracted from Embalmed Subjects Are Not Appropriate for the Assessment of Bone Quality at the Molecular Level Using Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2777-83. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Pascart
- Lille University − ULCO, PMOI, EA 4490, 59000 Lille, France
- Department
of Rheumatology, Saint-Philibert Hospital, Lille University, 59160 Lomme, France
| | - Bernard Cortet
- Lille University − ULCO, PMOI, EA 4490, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Cecile Olejnik
- Lille University − ULCO, PMOI, EA 4490, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Julien Paccou
- Lille University − ULCO, PMOI, EA 4490, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Henri Migaud
- Lille University − ULCO, PMOI, EA 4490, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Anne Cotten
- Lille University − ULCO, PMOI, EA 4490, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Yann Delannoy
- Lille University − ULCO, PMOI, EA 4490, 59000 Lille, France
- Lille University, Taphonomy Unit, EA 7367, 59000 Lille, France
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32
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Prediction of apparent trabecular bone stiffness through fourth-order fabric tensors. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2015; 15:831-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-015-0726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Kim KK, Won Y, Kim TG, Baek MH, Choi J. Comparison of the Chemical Composition of Subchondral Trabecular Bone of Medial Femoral Condyle between with Advanced Osteoarthritis and without Osteoarthritis. J Bone Metab 2015; 22:93-7. [PMID: 26389083 PMCID: PMC4572037 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2015.22.3.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study is to investigate differences of chemical composition between subchondral bone in advanced osteoarthritic (OA) and non-OA distal femur. Methods Twenty femurs were harvested, respectively. The subchondral trabeculae were obtained from the middle of medial articular surface of distal femurs. A 10 mm diameter cylindrical saw was used to harvest. Raman spectroscopy, a non-destructive technique, was employed to determine the chemical information of the trabecular bones in the human distal femurs. Results The maximum intensity of the phosphate peak was 2,376.51±954.6 for the non-OA group and 1,936.3±831.75 for the OA group. The maximum intensity of the phosphate peak observed between the two groups was significantly different (P=0.017). The maximum intensity of the amide I peak were 474.17±253.42 for the nonOA group and 261.91±205.61 for the OA group. The maximum intensity of the amide I peak were significantly different between the two groups (P=0.042). Also, among other chemical and matrix components (Hydroxyproline,Carbonate, Amide IIIdisordered;ordered, and CH2), the spectrums showed similar significant differences in the intensity (P=0.027, P=0.014, P=0.012; P=0.038, P=0.029). Area integration were performed to determine disorder in collagen's secondary structure via amide III (alpha helix/random coil). The value of the alpha helix to random coil band area are significantly different (P=0.021) and result showing that there was a trend toward higher collagen maturity for the nonosteoarthritic bone specimens. Conclusions The result suggested that OA may affect the chemical compositions of trabecular bone, and such distinctive chemical information may be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Kyoun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yougun Won
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea. ; Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Gyun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Myong-Hyun Baek
- Medical Device Development Center, Medical Innovation Foundation, Osong, Korea
| | - Jaewon Choi
- Medicine Major, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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34
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Mandair GS, Morris MD. Contributions of Raman spectroscopy to the understanding of bone strength. BONEKEY REPORTS 2015; 4:620. [PMID: 25628882 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2014.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is increasingly commonly used to understand how changes in bone composition and structure influence tissue-level bone mechanical properties. The spectroscopic technique provides information on bone mineral and matrix collagen components and on the effects of various matrix proteins on bone material properties as well. The Raman spectrum of bone not only contains information on bone mineral crystallinity that is related to bone hardness but also provides information on the orientation of mineral crystallites with respect to the collagen fibril axis. Indirect information on collagen cross-links is also available and will be discussed. After a short introduction to bone Raman spectroscopic parameters and collection methodologies, advances in in vivo Raman spectroscopic measurements for animal and human subject studies will be reviewed. A discussion on the effects of aging, osteogenesis imperfecta, osteoporosis and therapeutic agents on bone composition and mechanical properties will be highlighted, including genetic mouse models in which structure-function and exercise effects are explored. Similarly, extracellular matrix proteins, proteases and transcriptional proteins implicated in the regulation of bone material properties will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjit S Mandair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael D Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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