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Zelzer S, Meinitzer A, Enko D, Markis K, Tournis S, Trifonidi I, Chronopoulos E, Spanou L, Alonso N, Keppel M, Herrmann M. Vitamin D and vitamin K status in postmenopausal women with normal and low bone mineral density. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:1402-1410. [PMID: 38158723 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D and K are believed to promote bone health, but existing evidence is controversial. This study aimed to measure several metabolites of both vitamins by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in a cohort of postmenopausal women with low and normal bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS Vitamin metabolites (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D), phylloquinone (K1), menaquinone-4 (MK-4) and MK-7) were measured in 131 serum samples by LC-MS/MS. The vitamin D metabolite ratio (VMR) was calculated. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), type I procollagen-N-terminal-peptide (PINP) and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX-I) were measured by immunoassay. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was performed to identify participants with normal (T-score>-1) and low (T-score<-1) BMD. RESULTS Mean age was 58.2±8.5 years. BMD was normal in 68 and low in 63 women. Median (interquartile range) for 25(OH)D and total vitamin K concentrations were 53.5 (39.6-65.9) nmol/L and 1.33 (0.99-2.39) nmol/L. All vitamin metabolites were comparable in individuals with normal and low BMD. Furthermore, BMD and trabecular bone score were comparable in participants with adequate and inadequate vitamin status (at least one criterion was met: 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L, 24,25(OH)2D <3 nmol/L, VMR <4 %, total vitamin K <0.91 nmol/L). PTH, but not PINP or CTX-I, was inversely correlated with 25(OH)D, 24,25(OH)2D and VMR. Synergistic effects between vitamin D and K were not observed. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D and K status is not related to BMD and trabecular bone quality in postmenopausal women. Inverse associations were only seen between vitamin D metabolites and PTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sieglinde Zelzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Meinitzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dietmar Enko
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Konstantinos Markis
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, KAT General Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System "Th. Garofalidis", Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Symeon Tournis
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System "Th. Garofalidis", Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioulia Trifonidi
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, KAT General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Chronopoulos
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System "Th. Garofalidis", Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Loukia Spanou
- Endocrinology Department, Athens Red Cross Hospital, Athens Greece
| | - Nerea Alonso
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Keppel
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Smołucha G, Steg A, Oczkowicz M. The Role of Vitamins in Mitigating the Effects of Various Stress Factors in Pigs Breeding. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1218. [PMID: 38672365 PMCID: PMC11047633 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Good practices in farm animal care are crucial for upholding animal well-being, efficiency, and health. Pigs, like other farm animals, are exposed to various stressors, including environmental, nutritional, chemical, psychological, physiological, and metabolic stressors, which can disrupt their internal balance and compromise their well-being. Oxidative stress can adversely affect animal performance, fertility, and immunity, leading to economic losses for farmers. Dietary considerations are hugely important in attaining these objectives. This paper reviews studies investigating the impact of additional vitamin supplementation on stress reduction in pigs. Vitamin A can be beneficial in counteracting viral and parasitic threats. Vitamin B can be a potential solution for reproductive issues, but it might also be beneficial in reducing the effects of inappropriate nutrition. Vitamin C plays a vital role in reducing the effects of heat stress or exposure to toxins in pigs. Vitamin D proves to be beneficial in addressing stress induced mostly by infections and weaning, while vitamin E has been shown to mitigate the effects of toxins, heat stress, or transport stress. This review highlights the potential benefits of these dietary antioxidants in maintaining pig health, enhancing productivity, and counteracting the adverse effects of various stressors. Understanding the role of vitamins in pig nutrition and stress management is vital for optimising farm animal welfare and production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Smołucha
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, ul. Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (A.S.); (M.O.)
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Kong W, Xie Y, Hu J, Ding W, Cao C. Higher ultra processed foods intake is associated with low muscle mass in young to middle-aged adults: a cross-sectional NHANES study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1280665. [PMID: 38439924 PMCID: PMC10909937 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1280665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Design Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have become a pressing global health concern, prompting investigations into their potential association with low muscle mass in adults. Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 10,255 adults aged 20-59 years who participated in the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) during cycles spanning from 2011 to 2018. The primary outcome, low muscle mass, was assessed using the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) definition, employing restricted cubic splines and weighted multivariate regression for analysis. Sensitivity analysis incorporated three other prevalent definitions to explore optimal cut points for muscle quality in the context of sarcopenia. Results The weighted prevalence of low muscle mass was 7.65%. Comparing the percentage of UPFs calories intake between individuals with normal and low muscle mass, the values were found to be similar (55.70 vs. 54.62%). Significantly linear associations were observed between UPFs consumption and low muscle mass (P for non-linear = 0.7915, P for total = 0.0117). Upon full adjustment for potential confounding factors, participants with the highest UPFs intake exhibited a 60% increased risk of low muscle mass (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.26, P for trend = 0.003) and a decrease in ALM/BMI (β = -0.0176, 95% CI: -0.0274 to -0.0077, P for trend = 0.003). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the consistency of these associations, except for the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS) definition, where the observed association between the highest quartiles of UPFs (%Kcal) and low muscle mass did not attain statistical significance (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.87, P for trend = 0.082). Conclusion Our study underscores a significant linear association between higher UPFs consumption and an elevated risk of low muscle mass in adults. These findings emphasize the potential adverse impact of UPFs on muscle health and emphasize the need to address UPFs consumption as a modifiable risk factor in the context of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yilian Xie
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Weiping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Voulgaridou G, Tyrovolas S, Detopoulou P, Tsoumana D, Drakaki M, Apostolou T, Chatziprodromidou IP, Papandreou D, Giaginis C, Papadopoulou SK. Diagnostic Criteria and Measurement Techniques of Sarcopenia: A Critical Evaluation of the Up-to-Date Evidence. Nutrients 2024; 16:436. [PMID: 38337720 PMCID: PMC10856900 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a geriatric syndrome characterized by progressive skeletal muscle mass and function decline, poses a significant health risk among the elderly, contributing to frailty, falls, hospitalization, loss of independence and mortality. The prevalence of sarcopenia varies significantly based on various factors, such as living status, demographics, measurement techniques and diagnostic criteria. Although the overall prevalence is reported at 10% in individuals aged 60 and above, disparities exist across settings, with higher rates in nursing homes and hospitals. Additionally, the differences in prevalence between Asian and non-Asian countries highlight the impact of cultural and ethnic factors, and variations in diagnostic criteria, cut-off values and assessment methods contribute to the observed heterogeneity in reported rates. This review outlines diverse diagnostic criteria and several measurement techniques supporting decision making in clinical practice. Moreover, it facilitates the selection of appropriate tools to assess sarcopenia, emphasizing its multifactorial nature. Various scientific groups, including the European Working Group of Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS), the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS), the American Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) and the Sarcopenia Definition and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC), have published consensus papers outlining diverse definitions of sarcopenia. The choice of diagnostic criteria should be aligned with the specific objectives of the study or clinical practice, considering the characteristics of the study population and available resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavriela Voulgaridou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (D.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Stefanos Tyrovolas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;
- WHOCC Centre for Community Health Services, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paraskevi Detopoulou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital Korgialenio Benakio, Athanassaki 2, 11526 Athens, Greece
| | - Despoina Tsoumana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (D.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Mariella Drakaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (D.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Thomas Apostolou
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | | | - Dimitrios Papandreou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, College of Health, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece;
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (D.T.); (M.D.)
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Celebi Torabfam G, Porsuk MH. The Role of the Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand/Osteoprotegerin Ratio in Vascular Diseases: A Therapeutic Approach. Angiology 2024:33197231226275. [PMID: 38171493 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231226275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular and bone diseases contribute independently to mortality and global health. The exact mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology shared between bone and vascular diseases are not well defined. Endothelial cells and osteoblasts communicate during osteogenesis, thus establishing a connection between angiogenesis and osteogenesis. One shared mechanism may involve osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its ligand Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand (RANKL). The RANKL/OPG ratio is an important modulator for the skeletal, immunological, and vascular systems. OPG levels are elevated due to either osteogenic causes or inflammatory responses in the vasculature. The data obtained from clinical and in vitro studies support the role of the RANKL/OPG ratio as a potential marker for the progression of endothelial damage. Therefore, determining the therapeutic approaches for the targeting RANKL/OPG ratio and evaluating its usage as a biomarker in cardiovascular and bone pathophysiology are needed. By integrating the protective and disease-causing role of OPG with its ligand, this review outlines the role of the RANKL/OPG ratio at the molecular level. We also consider targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Celebi Torabfam
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melis Hazal Porsuk
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Skalny AV, Aschner M, Tsatsakis A, Rocha JB, Santamaria A, Spandidos DA, Martins AC, Lu R, Korobeinikova TV, Chen W, Chang JS, Chao JC, Li C, Tinkov AA. Role of vitamins beyond vitamin D 3 in bone health and osteoporosis (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:9. [PMID: 38063255 PMCID: PMC10712697 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present review was to summarize the molecular mechanisms associated with the effects of the vitamins A, C, E and K, and group B vitamins on bone and their potential roles in the development of osteoporosis. Epidemiological findings have demonstrated an association between vitamin deficiency and a higher risk of developing osteoporosis; vitamins are positively related to bone health upon their intake at the physiological range. Excessive vitamin intake can also adversely affect bone formation, as clearly demonstrated for vitamin A. Vitamins E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), K2 (menaquinones 4 and 7) and C have also been shown to promote osteoblast development through bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/Smad and Wnt/β‑catenin signaling, as well as the TGFβ/Smad pathway (α‑tocopherol). Vitamin A metabolite (all‑trans retinoic acid) exerts both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on BMP‑ and Wnt/β‑catenin‑mediated osteogenesis at the nanomolar and micromolar range, respectively. Certain vitamins significantly reduce receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‑B ligand (RANKL) production and RANKL/RANK signaling, while increasing the level of osteoprotegerin (OPG), thus reducing the RANKL/OPG ratio and exerting anti‑osteoclastogenic effects. Ascorbic acid can both promote and inhibit RANKL signaling, being essential for osteoclastogenesis. Vitamin K2 has also been shown to prevent vascular calcification by activating matrix Gla protein through its carboxylation. Therefore, the maintenance of a physiological intake of vitamins should be considered as a nutritional strategy for the prevention of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V. Skalny
- Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119146, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Joao B.T. Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CCNE, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Faculty of Science, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rongzhu Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Tatiana V. Korobeinikova
- Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119146, Russia
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jung-Su Chang
- College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jane C.J. Chao
- College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119146, Russia
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
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Sun Z, Zhu K, Liang G, Yan F, Chao S, Jia L, Niu Y. Effect of vitamin K on improving post‑kidney transplant outcomes: a meta‑analysis. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:30. [PMID: 38125342 PMCID: PMC10731407 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of vitamin K on clinical outcomes in patients receiving kidney transplantation is contested according to previous studies. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the impact of vitamin K on all-cause mortality, renal function, inflammation, and vascular/bone health in patients receiving kidney transplantation. EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane were searched for literature concerning the effect of vitamin K on clinical outcomes of patients receiving kidney transplantation until December 2022. Normal vitamin K status/vitamin K supplementation was considered as the experimental group; while vitamin K deficiency/no vitamin K supplementation was considered as the control group. All-cause mortality, renal function indexes, C-reactive protein (CRP), and vascular/bone health indexes were extracted and analyzed. A total of seven studies with 1,101 patients in the experimental group and 651 patients in the control group were included. All-cause mortality was decreased in the experimental group vs. the control group [relative risk (95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.72 (0.60-0.86), P<0.001]. Regarding renal function indexes, the estimated glomerular filtration rate was increased in the experimental group vs. the control group [mean difference (95% CI): 9.87 (1.48-18.26), P=0.021]; while creatinine and albumin remained unchanged between the two groups (both P>0.05). Moreover, CRP, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, hemoglobin, calcium, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were unchanged between the two groups (all P>0.05). Publication bias was low, and the robustness assessed by sensitivity analysis was generally acceptable. Thus vitamin K exerted a potential implication in reducing all-cause mortality and improving renal function in patients receiving kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Sun
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Kejing Zhu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Guofu Liang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Fu Yan
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Chao
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Lei Jia
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Niu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
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Liu X, An J. Dietary iron intake and its impact on osteopenia/osteoporosis. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:154. [PMID: 37464304 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a prevalent condition characterized by low bone density and increased risk of fractures, resulting in a significant healthcare burden. Previous research has suggested that serum ferritin levels may be related to the risk of developing osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary iron intake and the development of osteoporosis. METHODS Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2005 and 2018, a total of 11,690 adults aged over 20 were evaluated. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements of the femoral neck and lumbar spine were used to assess osteoporosis and osteopenia. Dietary iron intake was determined using food intake interviews and the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies. Logistic regression models were applied to investigate the association between dietary iron consumption and osteopenia and osteoporosis. RESULTS After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, compared with those who had the first quartile (Q1) of dietary iron intake, the odds ratio (OR) for osteopenia across the quartiles of dietary iron intake levels was 0.88 (95%CI: 0.79-0.98), 0.80 (95%CI: 0.72-0.89), and 0.74 (95%CI: 0.67-0.83) for Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively. And the OR for osteoporosis across the quartiles of dietary iron intake levels was 1.00, 0.77 (95%CI: 0.50-1.19), 0.54 (95%CI: 0.34-0.89), and 0.83 (95%CI: 0.54-1.29) for Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively. Notably, the observed association was significant among females but not males. CONCLUSION The risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis in females decreases with a moderate increase in dietary iron consumption. For females to preserve bone health, moderately increasing their dietary iron intake without overindulging should be seen as a key approach. Our study provides useful insights for developing dietary strategies to prevent and manage osteoporosis in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Operating room, West China hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan Province, China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jingjing An
- Operating room, West China hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan Province, China.
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan Province, China.
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Increasing Muscle Mass in Elders through Diet and Exercise: A Literature Review of Recent RCTs. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061218. [PMID: 36981144 PMCID: PMC10048759 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to review the current evidence on the independent and combined effects of diet and exercise and their impact on skeletal muscle mass in the elderly population. Skeletal muscle makes up approximately 40% of total body weight and is essential for performing daily activities. The combination of exercise and diet is known to be a potent anabolic stimulus through stimulation of muscle protein synthesis from amino acids. Aging is strongly associated with a generalized deterioration of physiological function, including a progressive reduction in skeletal muscle mass and strength, which in turn leads to a gradual functional impairment and an increased rate of disability resulting in falls, frailty, or even death. The term sarcopenia, which is an age-related syndrome, is primarily used to describe the gradual and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass (mainly in type II muscle fibers) and function. Multimodal training is emerging as a popular training method that combines a wide range of physical dimensions. On the other hand, nutrition and especially protein intake provide amino acids, which are essential for muscle protein synthesis. According to ESPEN, protein intake in older people should be at least 1 g/kgbw/day. Essential amino acids, such as leucine, arginine, cysteine, and glutamine, are of particular importance for the regulation of muscle protein synthesis. For instance, a leucine intake of 3 g administered alongside each main meal has been suggested to prevent muscle loss in the elderly. In addition, studies have shown that vitamin D and other micronutrients can have a protective role and may modulate muscle growth; nevertheless, further research is needed to validate these claims. Resistance-based exercise combined with a higher intake of dietary protein, amino acids, and/or vitamin D are currently recognized as the most effective interventions to promote skeletal muscle growth. However, the results are quite controversial and contradictory, which could be explained by the high heterogeneity among studies. It is therefore necessary to further assess the impact of each individual exercise and nutritional approach, particularly protein and amino acids, on human muscle turnover so that more efficient strategies can be implemented for the augmentation of muscle mass in the elderly.
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Soto ME, Pérez-Torres I, Rubio-Ruiz ME, Cano-Martínez A, Manzano-Pech L, Guarner-Lans V. Frailty and the Interactions between Skeletal Muscle, Bone, and Adipose Tissue-Impact on Cardiovascular Disease and Possible Therapeutic Measures. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054534. [PMID: 36901968 PMCID: PMC10003713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a global health problem that impacts clinical practice. It is complex, having a physical and a cognitive component, and it is the result of many contributing factors. Frail patients have oxidative stress and elevated proinflammatory cytokines. Frailty impairs many systems and results in a reduced physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to stress. It is related to aging and to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). There are few studies on the genetic factors of frailty, but epigenetic clocks determine age and frailty. In contrast, there is genetic overlap of frailty with cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. Frailty is not yet considered a risk factor for CVD. It is accompanied by a loss and/or poor functioning of muscle mass, which depends on fiber protein content, resulting from the balance between protein breakdown and synthesis. Bone fragility is also implied, and there is a crosstalk between adipocytes, myocytes, and bone. The identification and assessment of frailty is difficult, without there being a standard instrument to identify or treat it. Measures to prevent its progression include exercises, as well as supplementing the diet with vitamin D and K, calcium, and testosterone. In conclusion, more research is needed to better understand frailty and to avoid complications in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Soto
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - María Esther Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Agustina Cano-Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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The Pleiotropic Role of Vitamin K in Multimorbidity of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041261. [PMID: 36835797 PMCID: PMC9964521 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although defined by the presence of airflow obstruction and respiratory symptoms, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized by multimorbidity. Numerous co-occurring conditions and systemic manifestations contribute to the clinical presentation and progression of COPD; however, underlying mechanisms for multimorbidity are currently not fully elucidated. Vitamin A and vitamin D have been related to COPD pathogenesis. Another fat-soluble vitamin, vitamin K, has been put forward to exert protective roles in COPD. Vitamin K is an unequivocal cofactor for the carboxylation of coagulation factors, but also for extra-hepatic proteins including the soft tissue calcification inhibitor matrix Gla-protein and the bone protein osteocalcin. Additionally, vitamin K has been shown to have anti-oxidant and anti-ferroptosis properties. In this review, we discuss the potential role of vitamin K in the systemic manifestations of COPD. We will elaborate on the effect of vitamin K on prevalent co-occurring chronic conditions in COPD including cardiovascular disorders, chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia. Finally, we link these conditions to COPD with vitamin K as a connecting factor and provide recommendations for future clinical studies.
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Çıracıoğlu AM, Armağan O, Uslu S, Berkan F, Özgen M, Dal Erdoğan S, Çolak E. Vitamin K levels in Fibromyalgia Syndrome Patients and Their Associations with Pain, Disease Activity, Quality of Life and Inflammatory Cytokines. Pain Manag Nurs 2023; 24:60-67. [PMID: 36057510 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic pain condition that requires multidisciplinary treatment. Vitamin K is an antioxidant that plays a role in many reactions in the body, and its effectiveness in FMS has not been studied before. AIM We aimed to evaluate vitamin K levels in FMS patients and their relationship with pain, disease activity, quality of life, and inflammatory cytokines. METHOD Eighty-eight female patients with FMS and 87 controls were included in the study. Vitamin K and inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-8, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alfa) serum levels were measured in both groups. Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), and Short Form-36 (SF-36) scales were used. RESULTS No statistically significant differences in vitamin K levels between the two groups, and no relationships were found between these levels and pain, FIQ, SF-36, and inflammatory cytokines (p > .05). While IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels were found to be high in the FMS group compared with the control group (p < .05), no difference in IL-8 levels was noted (p > .05). In the FMS group, positive correlations were found between IL-6 and FIQ, and between TNF-alpha and physical role difficulty(p > .05). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results of this study do not provide any evidence of an association between FMS and vitamin K levels. However, high IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels suggest that low-intensity inflammation may accompany FMS and have a negative impact on physical activity. Future studies are needed to determine the relationship between vitamin K and FMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Merve Çıracıoğlu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tavşanlı Doç. Dr. Mustafa Kalemli Hospital, Kütahya, Turkey.
| | - Onur Armağan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Sema Uslu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Funda Berkan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Merih Özgen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Suheyla Dal Erdoğan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Ertuğrul Çolak
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
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13
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Cavalier E. Role of the Clinical Laboratory in the Assessment of Metabolic Musculoskeletal Diseases. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 112:123-125. [PMID: 36574025 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-01045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Cavalier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Liege, CIRM, CHU de Liège, Liège, Belgium.
- The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, IFCC, Milan, Italy.
- The International Osteoporosis Foundation, IOF, Nyon, Switzerland.
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Sim M, Smith C, Bondonno NP, Radavelli-Bagatini S, Blekkenhorst LC, Dalla Via J, McCormick R, Zhu K, Hodgson JM, Prince RL, Lewis JR. Higher Dietary Vitamin K Intake is Associated with Better Physical Function and Lower Long-Term Injurious Falls Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Women. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:38-45. [PMID: 36651485 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, a potential beneficial role of Vitamin K in neuromuscular function has been recognised. However, the optimal dietary intake of Vitamin K to support muscle function in the context of falls prevention remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship of dietary Vitamin K1 and K2 with muscle function and long-term injurious fall-related hospitalisations in older women. DESIGN Cohort study. PARTICIPANTS 1347 community-dwelling older Australian women ≥70 years. MEASUREMENTS A new Australian Vitamin K nutrient database, supplemented with published data, was used to calculate Vitamin K1 and K2 intake from a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline (1998). Muscle function (grip strength and timed-up-and-go; TUG) as well plasma Vitamin D status (25OHD) were also assessed at baseline. Fall-related hospitalisations over 14.5 years were obtained from linked health records. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression and Cox-proportional hazard models were used to analyse the data. RESULTS Over 14.5 years of follow-up (14,774 person-years), 535 (39.7%) women experienced a fall-related hospitalisation. Compared to women with the lowest Vitamin K1 intake (Quartile 1, median 49 µg/d), those with the highest intake (Quartile 4, median 120 µg/d) had 29% lower odds (OR 0.71 95%CI 0.52-0.97) for slow TUG performance (>10.2 s), and 26% lower relative hazards of a fall-related hospitalisation (HR 0.74 95%CI 0.59-0.93) after multivariable adjustment. These associations were non-linear and plateaued at moderate intakes of ~70-100 µg/d. There was no relation to grip strength. Vitamin K2 intakes were not associated with muscle function or falls. CONCLUSION A higher habitual Vitamin K1 intake was associated with better physical function and lower long-term injurious falls risk in community-dwelling older women. In the context of musculoskeletal health, Vitamin K1 found abundantly in green leafy vegetables should be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sim
- Dr. Marc Sim, Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences; Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia,
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Maksimova M, Kotlyar Y, Shabalina A. Chronic musculoskeletal pain in degenerative changes of the spine in young and middle-aged patients. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:77-84. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212206177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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