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Fuentevilla-Álvarez G, Soto ME, Torres-Paz YE, Meza-Toledo SE, Vargas-Alarcón G, González-Moyotl N, Pérez-Torres I, Manzano-Pech L, Mejia AM, Huesca-Gómez C, Gamboa R. The usefulness of the genetic panel in the classification and refinement of diagnostic accuracy of Mexican patients with Marfan syndrome and other connective tissue disorders. Biomol Biomed 2024; 24:302-314. [PMID: 37688493 PMCID: PMC10950338 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2023.9578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a multisystem genetic disorder with over 3000 mutations described in the fibrillin 1 (FBN1) gene. Like MFS, other connective tissue disorders also require a deeper understanding of the phenotype-genotype relationship due to the complexity of the clinical presentation, where diagnostic criteria often overlap. Our objective was to identify mutations in patients with connective tissue disorders using a genetic multipanel and to analyze the genotype-phenotype associations in a cohort of Mexican patients. We recruited 136 patients with MFS and related syndromes from the National Institute of Cardiology. Mutations were identified using next-generation sequencing (NGS). To examine the correlation between mutation severity and severe cardiovascular conditions, we focused on patients who had undergone Bentall-de Bono surgery or aortic valve repair. The genetic data obtained allowed us to reclassify the initial clinical diagnosis across various types of connective tissue disorders. The transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 (TGFBR2) rs79375991 mutation was found in 10 out of 16 (63%) Loeys-Dietz patients. We observed a high prevalence (65%) of more severe mutations, such as frameshift indels and stop codons, among patients requiring invasive treatments like aortic valve-sparing surgery, Bentall and de Bono procedures, or aortic valve replacement due to severe cardiovascular injury. Although our study did not achieve precise phenotype-genotype correlations, it underscores the importance of a multigenetic panel evaluation. This could pave the way for a more comprehensive diagnostic approach and inform medical and surgical treatment decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanny Fuentevilla-Álvarez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City, Mexico
- Department of Biochemistry, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), México City, Mexico
| | - María Elena Soto
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City, Mexico
- Cardiovascular Line in American British Cowdray (ABC) Medical Center, México City, Mexico
- Research Direction, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Sergio Enrique Meza-Toledo
- Department of Biochemistry, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), México City, Mexico
| | | | - Nadia González-Moyotl
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City, Mexico
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City, Mexico
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City, Mexico
| | - Ana Maria Mejia
- Department of Blood Bank, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Huesca-Gómez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Gamboa
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City, Mexico
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Pérez-Torres I, Aisa-Álvarez A, Casarez-Alvarado S, Borrayo G, Márquez-Velasco R, Guarner-Lans V, Manzano-Pech L, Cruz-Soto R, Gonzalez-Marcos O, Fuentevilla-Álvarez G, Gamboa R, Saucedo-Orozco H, Franco-Granillo J, Soto ME. Impact of Treatment with Antioxidants as an Adjuvant to Standard Therapy in Patients with Septic Shock: Analysis of the Correlation between Cytokine Storm and Oxidative Stress and Therapeutic Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16610. [PMID: 38068931 PMCID: PMC10706209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis is lost or becomes dysfunctional during septic shock due to the activation of the inflammatory response and the deregulation of oxidative stress. Antioxidant therapy administered alongside standard treatment could restore this lost homeostasis. We included 131 patients with septic shock who were treated with standard treatment and vitamin C (Vit C), vitamin E (Vit E), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), or melatonin (MT), in a randomized trial. Organ damage quantified by Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and we determined levels of Interleukins (IL) IL1β, Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), Transforming growth factor B (TGFβ), IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, and Interferon-γ (IFNγ). The SOFA score decreased in patients treated with Vit C, NAC, and MT. Patients treated with MT had statistically significantly reduced of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and IL-10 levels. Lipid peroxidation, Nitrates and nitrites (NO3- and NO2-), glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase decreased after treatment with Vit C, Vit E, NAC, and MT. The levels of thiols recovered with the use of Vit E, and all patients treated with antioxidants maintained their selenium levels, in contrast with controls (p = 0.04). The findings regarding oxidative stress markers and cytokines after treatment with antioxidants allow us to consider to future the combined use of antioxidants in a randomized clinical trial with a larger sample to demonstrate the reproducibility of these beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Pérez-Torres
- Cardiovascular Biomedicine Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14380, Mexico; (I.P.-T.); (L.M.-P.)
| | - Alfredo Aisa-Álvarez
- Critical Care Department, American British Cowdray (ABC) Medical Center, PAI ABC Sur 136 No. 116, Col. las Américas, Mexico City 01120, Mexico; (A.A.-Á.); (O.G.-M.); (J.F.-G.)
| | - Sergio Casarez-Alvarado
- Immunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14380, Mexico; (S.C.-A.); (R.M.-V.); (R.C.-S.)
| | - Gabriela Borrayo
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Dirección de Prestaciones Médicas Coordinación de Innovación en Salud, Ciudad de México 06700, Mexico;
| | - Ricardo Márquez-Velasco
- Immunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14380, Mexico; (S.C.-A.); (R.M.-V.); (R.C.-S.)
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Physiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14380, Mexico; (V.G.-L.); (G.F.-Á.); (R.G.)
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Cardiovascular Biomedicine Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14380, Mexico; (I.P.-T.); (L.M.-P.)
| | - Randall Cruz-Soto
- Immunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14380, Mexico; (S.C.-A.); (R.M.-V.); (R.C.-S.)
| | - Omar Gonzalez-Marcos
- Critical Care Department, American British Cowdray (ABC) Medical Center, PAI ABC Sur 136 No. 116, Col. las Américas, Mexico City 01120, Mexico; (A.A.-Á.); (O.G.-M.); (J.F.-G.)
| | - Giovanny Fuentevilla-Álvarez
- Physiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14380, Mexico; (V.G.-L.); (G.F.-Á.); (R.G.)
| | - Ricardo Gamboa
- Physiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14380, Mexico; (V.G.-L.); (G.F.-Á.); (R.G.)
| | | | - Juvenal Franco-Granillo
- Critical Care Department, American British Cowdray (ABC) Medical Center, PAI ABC Sur 136 No. 116, Col. las Américas, Mexico City 01120, Mexico; (A.A.-Á.); (O.G.-M.); (J.F.-G.)
| | - María Elena Soto
- Immunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14380, Mexico; (S.C.-A.); (R.M.-V.); (R.C.-S.)
- Research Direction Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14380, Mexico
- Cardiovascular Line in American British Cowdray (ABC) Medical Center, PAI ABC Sur 136 No. 116, Col. Las Américas, Mexico City 01120, Mexico
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Pérez-Torres I, Soto ME, Manzano-Pech L, Díaz-Díaz E, Martínez-Memije R, Torres-Narváez JC, Guarner-Lans V, Castrejón-Téllez V. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on the Metabolism of Arachidonic Acid in the Isolated Kidney of a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14209. [PMID: 37762512 PMCID: PMC10531734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The renal system is engaged in metabolic syndrome (MS) and metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) participate in renal homeostasis and disruption of functionality. Hibiscus sabdariffa L (HSL) is used as a diuretic and could improve renal function. The aim of this study was to assess if treatment with HSL at 2% improves renal function in MS through the metabolites of AA. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Group 1, control (C); Group 2, MS with 30% sucrose in drinking water, Group 3, MS plus HSL infusion at 2% (MS+HSL); and Group 4, C+HSL. We evaluated the perfusion pressure changes (∆-PP), the activities of cyclooxygenases (COXs), the percentage of AA, the expressions of PLA2, COX2, COX1, 5-LOX, TAXS and CYP450, and the concentrations of prostaglandins in the kidney from rats with MS. There was a decrease in the ∆-PP, in the activities of COXs, and the expressions of COX2 and CYP450 (p ≤ 0.03, respectively)as well asPGE2, TxB2, and LKB4 (p ≤ 0.01, respectively). However, the percentage of AA and expressions of PLA2 and PGE1 (p = 0.01, respectively) were increased in C and MS+HSL. The HSL treatment improved the function and anatomical structure of the kidneys in the MS rats, through antioxidant molecules, and inhibited the pathways that metabolize the AA including that of PLA2, COX2, 5-LOX, TAXS, and CYP450 while favoring the COX1 pathway. This improves the vascular resistance of renal arterioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - María Elena Soto
- Department of Immunology and Research Direction, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Eulises Díaz-Díaz
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14000, Mexico
| | - Raúl Martínez-Memije
- Department de Instrumentation Electromechanically, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Torres-Narváez
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Vicente Castrejón-Téllez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
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Manzano-Pech L, Guarner-Lans V, Elena Soto M, Díaz-Díaz E, Pérez-Torres I. Alteration of the aortic vascular reactivity associated to excessive consumption of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linnaeus: Preliminary findings. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20020. [PMID: 37810051 PMCID: PMC10559753 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The moderate production of reactive oxidative species (ROS) is important because ROS act as second messengers. However, their depletion through the over-activity of the antioxidant system may lead to reductive stress (RS) which is characterized by an increase in reducing equivalents and an elevation of some components of the antioxidant system disturbing redox homeostasis. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linnaeus (HSL) is a plant with antioxidant properties that provides compounds that favor the antioxidant system. However, excess chronic consumption could lead to the over expression of the antioxidant enzymatic system, and this could contribute to decrease ROS. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the alteration of the vascular reactivity associated to excessive and chronic consumption of HSL infusions at different percentages. 40 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 control (drinking tap water), group 2, 3 and 4, drinking water supplemented with 15, 30 and 60 g/L of HSL calyxes respectively. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), vascular reactivity, morphological changes, and different components of the enzymatic antioxidant system were evaluated in the thoracic aorta by spectrophotometry. We also determined glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), thioredoxin-reductase (TrxR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) and some markers of the non-enzimatic system such as the NO3-/NO2-ratio, glutathione (GSH), selenium, thiols, lipoperoxidation (LPO), and 3-nitrityrosine (3-NT). Vasoconstriction was increased and vasorelaxation was decreased. These alterations were reversed by O2- and H2O2. There was an increase in the wall thickness and elastic fibers (p = 0.004 and p = 0.02, respectively) and in G6PD, GPX, TrxR (p = 0.02, p = 0.03, and p = 0.01 respectively). LPO, GSH (p = 0.01), and selenium (p = 0.04) were decreased. There was a decrease in thiols (p < 0.001), 3-NT (p = 0.04) and GST (p = 0.0005) in rats that received the infusion at 3 and 6%. The excess antioxidants provided by the HSL infusions at 3% and 6% modified vascular reactivity, increasing the enzymatic antioxidant system, and depleting ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Departments of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Institute National of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Section XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México, USA
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Physiology Institute National of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Section XVI, Tlalpan 14080, México, USA
| | - María Elena Soto
- Immunology, Institute National of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Section XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México, USA
| | - Eulises Díaz-Díaz
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Institute National of medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Section XVI, Tlalpan, 14000, México, USA
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Departments of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Institute National of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Section XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México, USA
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Soto ME, Pérez-Torres I, Manzano-Pech L, Soria-Castro E, Morales-Marín A, Ramírez-Marroquín ES, Martínez-Hernández H, Herrera-Alarcón V, Guarner-Lans V. Reduced Levels of Selenium and Thioredoxin Reductase in the Thoracic Aorta Could Contribute to Aneurysm Formation in Patients with Marfan Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10429. [PMID: 37445606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a heterozygous mutation of the FBN1 gene. MFS patients present oxidative stress that disturbs redox homeostasis. Redox homeostasis depends in part on the enzymatic antioxidant system, which includes thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and glutathione peroxidases (GPx), both of which require an adequate concentration of selenium (Se). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if Se levels are decreased in the TAA of patients with MFS since this could contribute to the formation of an aneurysm in these patients. The results show that interleukins IL-1β, IL-6 TGF-β1, and TNF-α (p ≤ 0.03), and carbonylation (p ≤ 0.03) were increased in the TAA of patients with MFS in comparison with control subjects, while Se, thiols (p = 0.02), TrxR, and GPx (p ≤ 0.001) were decreased. TLR4 and NOX1 (p ≤ 0.03), MMP9 and MMP2 (p = 0.04) and NOS2 (p < 0.001) were also increased. Therefore, Se concentrations are decreased in the TAA of MFS, which can contribute to a decrease in the activities of TrxR and GPx, and thiol groups. A decrease in the activities of these enzymes can lead to the loss of redox homeostasis, which can, in turn, lead to an increase in the pro-inflammatory interleukins associated with the overexpression of MMP9 and MMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Soto
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
- Department of the Cardiovascular Line, Division of the American British Cowdray Medical Center, Sur 136 No. 116 Col. Las Américas, México City 01120, México
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Soria-Castro
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Almilcar Morales-Marín
- Deparment Cardiothoracic Surgery Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico
| | | | - Humberto Martínez-Hernández
- Deparment Cardiothoracic Surgery Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Valentín Herrera-Alarcón
- Deparment Cardiothoracic Surgery Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
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Aisa-Álvarez A, Pérez-Torres I, Guarner-Lans V, Manzano-Pech L, Cruz-Soto R, Márquez-Velasco R, Casarez-Alvarado S, Franco-Granillo J, Núñez-Martínez ME, Soto ME. Randomized Clinical Trial of Antioxidant Therapy Patients with Septic Shock and Organ Dysfunction in the ICU: SOFA Score Reduction by Improvement of the Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant System. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091330. [PMID: 37174730 PMCID: PMC10177152 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Here, we assess the effect of adjuvant antioxidant therapies in septic shock patients with organ dysfunction and their effect on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. METHODS Randomized clinical trial run between 2018 and 2022. One hundred and thirty-one patients with septic shock were included in five groups with 25, 27, 24, 26 and 29 patients each. Group 1 received vitamin C (Vit C), Group 2 vitamin E (Vit E), Group 3 n-acetylcysteine (NAC), Group 4 melatonin (MT) and group 5 no treatment. All antioxidants were administered orally or through a nasogastric tube for 5 days as an adjuvant to standard therapy. RESULTS All patients had multiple organ failure (MOF) and low Vit C levels. Vit C therapy decreased CRP, PCT and NO3-/NO2- but increased Vit C levels. The SOFA score decreased with MT in 75%, Vit C 63% and NAC 50% vs. controls 33% (p = 0.0001, p = 0.03 and p = 0.001 respectively). MT diminished lipid peroxidation (LPO) (p = 0.01) and improved total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (p = 0.04). Vit E increased thiol levels (p = 0.02) and tended to decrease LPO (p = 0.06). Selenium levels were decreased in the control group (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Antioxidants used as an adjuvant therapy in the standard treatment of septic shock decrease MOF and oxidative stress markers. They increase the TAC and thiols, and maintain selenium levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Aisa-Álvarez
- Critical Care Department, American British Cowdray (ABC) Medical Center, I.A.P. ABC Sur 136 No. 116 Col. Las Américas, México City 01120, Mexico
- UNAM Master's and Doctoral Program in Medical, Dental and Health Sciences UNAM, México. Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Cardiovascular Biomedicine Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Physiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Cardiovascular Biomedicine Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Randall Cruz-Soto
- Immunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Márquez-Velasco
- Immunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Sergio Casarez-Alvarado
- Immunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Juvenal Franco-Granillo
- Critical Care Department, American British Cowdray (ABC) Medical Center, I.A.P. ABC Sur 136 No. 116 Col. Las Américas, México City 01120, Mexico
| | | | - María Elena Soto
- Immunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
- Department of the Cardiovascular, Division of the American British Cowdray Medical Center, Sur 136 No. 116 Col. Las Américas, México City 01120, Mexico
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Soto ME, Manzano-Pech L, Palacios-Chavarría A, Valdez-Vázquez RR, Guarner-Lans V, Pérez-Torres I. N-Acetyl Cysteine Restores the Diminished Activity of the Antioxidant Enzymatic System Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Preliminary Findings. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040591. [PMID: 37111348 PMCID: PMC10146435 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infects type II pneumocytes and disrupts redox homeostasis by overproducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a precursor of the synthesis of glutathione (GSH) and it restores the loss of redox homeostasis associated to viral infections. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of the treatment with NAC on the enzymatic antioxidant system in serum from patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. We evaluated the enzymatic activities of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), -S-transferase (GST), and reductase (GR) by spectrophotometry and the concentrations of the glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiols, nitrites (NO2-), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in serum. The activity of the extracellular super oxide dismutase (ecSOD) was determined by native polyacrylamide gels, and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) was measured by ELISA. A decrease in the activities of the ecSOD, TrxR, GPx, GST GR, (p = 0 ≤ 0.1), and the GSH, TAC, thiols, and NO2- (p ≤ 0.001) concentrations and an increase in LPO and 3-NT (p = 0.001) concentrations were found in COVID-19 patients vs. healthy subjects. The treatment with NAC as an adjuvant therapy may contribute to a reduction in the OS associated to the infection by SARS-CoV-2 through the generation of GSH. GSH promotes the metabolic pathways that depend on it, thus contributing to an increase in TAC and to restore redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Soto
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | | | | | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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Soto ME, Pérez-Torres I, Rubio-Ruiz ME, Cano-Martínez A, Manzano-Pech L, Guarner-Lans V. Frailty and the Interactions between Skeletal Muscle, Bone, and Adipose Tissue-Impact on Cardiovascular Disease and Possible Therapeutic Measures. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054534. [PMID: 36901968 PMCID: PMC10003713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a global health problem that impacts clinical practice. It is complex, having a physical and a cognitive component, and it is the result of many contributing factors. Frail patients have oxidative stress and elevated proinflammatory cytokines. Frailty impairs many systems and results in a reduced physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to stress. It is related to aging and to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). There are few studies on the genetic factors of frailty, but epigenetic clocks determine age and frailty. In contrast, there is genetic overlap of frailty with cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. Frailty is not yet considered a risk factor for CVD. It is accompanied by a loss and/or poor functioning of muscle mass, which depends on fiber protein content, resulting from the balance between protein breakdown and synthesis. Bone fragility is also implied, and there is a crosstalk between adipocytes, myocytes, and bone. The identification and assessment of frailty is difficult, without there being a standard instrument to identify or treat it. Measures to prevent its progression include exercises, as well as supplementing the diet with vitamin D and K, calcium, and testosterone. In conclusion, more research is needed to better understand frailty and to avoid complications in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Soto
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - María Esther Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Agustina Cano-Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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9
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Soto ME, Fuentevilla-Álvarez G, Palacios-Chavarría A, Vázquez RRV, Herrera-Bello H, Moreno-Castañeda L, Torres-Paz YE, González-Moyotl NJ, Pérez-Torres I, Aisa-Alvarez A, Manzano-Pech L, Pérez-Torres I, Huesca-Gómez C, Gamboa R. Impact on the Clinical Evolution of Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia and the Participation of the NFE2L2/KEAP1 Polymorphisms in Regulating SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:415. [PMID: 36613859 PMCID: PMC9820269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with severe pneumonia due to COVID-19, the deregulation of oxidative stress is present. Nuclear erythroid factor 2 (NRF2) is regulated by KEAP1, and NRF2 regulates the expression of genes such as NFE2L2-KEAP1, which are involved in cellular defense against oxidative stress. In this study, we analyzed the participation of the polymorphisms of NFE2L2 and KEAP1 genes in the mechanisms of damage in lung disease patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients with COVID-19 and a control group were included. Organ dysfunction was evaluated using SOFA. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed and classified as moderate or severe by ventilatory status and by the Berlin criteria for acute respiratory distress syndrome. SNPs in the gene locus for NFE2L2, rs2364723C>G, and KEAP1, rs9676881A>G, and rs34197572C>T were determined by qPCR. We analyzed 110 individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection: 51 with severe evolution and 59 with moderate evolution. We also analyzed 111 controls. Significant differences were found for rs2364723 allele G in severe cases vs. controls (p = 0.02); for the rs9676881 allele G in moderate cases vs. controls (p = 0.04); for the rs34197572 allele T in severe cases vs. controls (p = 0.001); and in severe vs. moderate cases (p = 0.004). Our results showed that NFE2L2 rs2364723C>G allele G had a protective effect against severe COVID-19, while KEAP1 rs9676881A>G allele G and rs34197572C>T minor allele T were associated with more aggressive stages of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Soto
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1. Col. Sección XVI., México City 14380, Mexico
- Cardiovascular Line in American British Cowdray (ABC) Medical Center, I.A.P. ABC I.A.P. ABC Sur 136 No. 116 Col. Las Américas, México City 01120, Mexico
| | - Giovanny Fuentevilla-Álvarez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1. Col. Sección XVI., México City 14380, Mexico
- Department of Biochemistry, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Manuel Carpio y Plutarco Elias Calles, Col. Miguel Hidalgo, México City 11350, Mexico
| | - Adrián Palacios-Chavarría
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center Av. del Conscripto 311, Lomas de Sotelo, Hipódromo de las Américas, Miguel Hidalgo, México City 11200, Mexico
| | - Rafael Ricardo Valdez Vázquez
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center Av. del Conscripto 311, Lomas de Sotelo, Hipódromo de las Américas, Miguel Hidalgo, México City 11200, Mexico
| | - Héctor Herrera-Bello
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center Av. del Conscripto 311, Lomas de Sotelo, Hipódromo de las Américas, Miguel Hidalgo, México City 11200, Mexico
| | - Lidia Moreno-Castañeda
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center Av. del Conscripto 311, Lomas de Sotelo, Hipódromo de las Américas, Miguel Hidalgo, México City 11200, Mexico
| | - Yazmín Estela Torres-Paz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1. Col. Sección XVI., México City 14380, Mexico
| | - Nadia Janet González-Moyotl
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1. Col. Sección XVI., México City 14380, Mexico
| | - Idalia Pérez-Torres
- Department of Genetic, Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez”, Doctor Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, México City 06720, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Aisa-Alvarez
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center Av. del Conscripto 311, Lomas de Sotelo, Hipódromo de las Américas, Miguel Hidalgo, México City 11200, Mexico
- Critical Care in American British Cowdray (ABC) Medical Center, I.A.P. ABC I.A.P. ABC Sur 136 No. 116 Col. Las Américas, México City 01120, Mexico
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1. Col. Sección XVI., México City 14380, Mexico
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1. Col. Sección XVI., México City 14380, Mexico
| | - Claudia Huesca-Gómez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1. Col. Sección XVI., México City 14380, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Gamboa
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1. Col. Sección XVI., México City 14380, Mexico
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Manzano-Pech L, Guarner-Lans V, Soto ME, Díaz-Díaz E, Caballero-Chacón S, Díaz-Torres R, Rodríguez-Fierros FL, Pérez-Torres I. Excessive Consumption Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Increases Inflammation and Blood Pressure in Male Wistar Rats via High Antioxidant Capacity: The Preliminary Findings. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182774. [PMID: 36139349 PMCID: PMC9497088 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HSL) has high amounts of antioxidants and many beneficial effects in several pathologies. However, few studies describe the possible harmful effects of high concentrations of HSL. Here we evaluate the effect of excessive and chronic consumption of infusions with different percentages of HSL on some oxidative stress markers in serum, and the possible association with inflammation and increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), in healthy rats. A total of 32 male Wistar rats were used to form 4 groups with 8 animals each. Group 1 control (drinking tap water), group 2, 3 and 4, drinking water supplemented with 15, 30 and 60 g/L of HSL calyxes respectively. SBP was evaluated and determinations in serum of the NO3−/NO2− ratio, glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), selenium (Se), TNF-α, IL-1α/IL-1F1, IL-1β, IL-10, extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, were evaluated. The SBP (p = 0.01), GPx activity, GSH, TAC, Se, TNF-α and EcSOD activities (p ≤ 0.001) and IL-1α/IL-1F1, IL-1β, TrxR and NO3−/NO2− (p ≤ 0.05), were increased but IL-10 (p < 0.001) was decreased in rats that consumed the 3 and 6% HSL infusions. The excessive and chronic consumption of HSL may increase the TAC that could lead to a proinflammatory state which is associated with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Institute Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Institute Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - María Elena Soto
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Eulises Díaz-Díaz
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Institute Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14000, Mexico
| | - Sara Caballero-Chacón
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology UNAM, Facultad de Medicina y Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán 04510, Mexico
| | - Roberto Díaz-Torres
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, UNAM, Km 2.5 Carretera Cuatitlán-Teoloyucan, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuatitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - Félix Leao Rodríguez-Fierros
- Laboratorio de Patología Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Institute Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +52-5573-2911 (ext. 25203); Fax: +52-5573-0926
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11
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Soto ME, Pérez-Torres I, Rubio-Ruiz ME, Manzano-Pech L, Guarner-Lans V. Interconnection between Cardiac Cachexia and Heart Failure—Protective Role of Cardiac Obesity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061039. [PMID: 35326490 PMCID: PMC8946995 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia may be caused by congestive heart failure, and it is then called cardiac cachexia, which leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Cardiac cachexia also worsens skeletal muscle degradation. Cardiac cachexia is the loss of edema-free muscle mass with or without affecting fat tissue. It is mainly caused by a loss of balance between protein synthesis and degradation, or it may result from intestinal malabsorption. The loss of balance in protein synthesis and degradation may be the consequence of altered endocrine mediators such as insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, leptin, ghrelin, melanocortin, growth hormone and neuropeptide Y. In contrast to many other health problems, fat accumulation in the heart is protective in this condition. Fat in the heart can be divided into epicardial, myocardial and cardiac steatosis. In this review, we describe and discuss these topics, pointing out the interconnection between heart failure and cardiac cachexia and the protective role of cardiac obesity. We also set the basis for possible screening methods that may allow for a timely diagnosis of cardiac cachexia, since there is still no cure for this condition. Several therapeutic procedures are discussed including exercise, nutritional proposals, myostatin antibodies, ghrelin, anabolic steroids, anti-inflammatory substances, beta-adrenergic agonists, medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate, cannabinoids, statins, thalidomide, proteasome inhibitors and pentoxifylline. However, to this date, there is no cure for cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Soto
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico; (I.P.-T.); (L.M.-P.)
| | - María Esther Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico; (I.P.-T.); (L.M.-P.)
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico;
- Correspondence:
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12
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Pérez-Torres I, Guarner-Lans V, Soria-Castro E, Manzano-Pech L, Palacios-Chavarría A, Valdez-Vázquez RR, Domínguez-Cherit JG, Herrera-Bello H, Castillejos-Suastegui H, Moreno-Castañeda L, Alanís-Estrada G, Hernández F, González-Marcos O, Márquez-Velasco R, Soto ME. Alteration in the Lipid Profile and the Desaturases Activity in Patients With Severe Pneumonia by SARS-CoV-2. Front Physiol 2021; 12:667024. [PMID: 34045976 PMCID: PMC8144632 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.667024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidnapping of the lipid metabolism of the host's cells by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) allows the virus to transform the cells into optimal machines for its assembly and replication. Here we evaluated changes in the fatty acid (FA) profile and the participation of the activity of the desaturases, in plasma of patients with severe pneumonia by SARS-CoV-2. We found that SARS-CoV-2 alters the FA metabolism in the cells of the host. Changes are characterized by variations in the desaturases that lead to a decrease in total fatty acid (TFA), phospholipids (PL) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs). These alterations include a decrease in palmitic and stearic acids (p ≤ 0.009) which could be used for the formation of the viral membranes and for the reparation of the host's own membrane. There is also an increase in oleic acid (OA; p = 0.001) which could modulate the inflammatory process, the cytokine release, apoptosis, necrosis, oxidative stress (OS). An increase in linoleic acid (LA) in TFA (p = 0.03) and a decreased in PL (p = 0.001) was also present. They result from damage of the internal mitochondrial membrane. The arachidonic acid (AA) percentage was elevated (p = 0.02) in the TFA and this can be participated in the inflammatory process. EPA was decreased (p = 0.001) and this may decrease of pro-resolving mediators with increase in the inflammatory process. The total of NEFAs (p = 0.03), PL (p = 0.001), cholesterol, HDL and LDL were decreased, and triglycerides were increased in plasma of the COVID-19 patients. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 alters the FA metabolism, the changes are characterized by alterations in the desaturases that lead to variations in the TFA, PL, and NEFAs profiles. These changes may favor the replication of the virus but, at the same time, they are part of the defense system provided by the host cell metabolism in its eagerness to repair damage caused by the virus to cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Pérez-Torres
- Departament of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Departament of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Soria-Castro
- Departament of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Departament of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adrián Palacios-Chavarría
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center, Mexico City, Mexico
- American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Ricardo Valdez-Vázquez
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center, Mexico City, Mexico
- American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose Guillermo Domínguez-Cherit
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnológico de Monterrey EMCS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hector Herrera-Bello
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center, Mexico City, Mexico
- American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Humberto Castillejos-Suastegui
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center, Mexico City, Mexico
- American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lidia Moreno-Castañeda
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center, Mexico City, Mexico
- American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Alanís-Estrada
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center, Mexico City, Mexico
- American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fabián Hernández
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center, Mexico City, Mexico
- American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar González-Marcos
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnológico de Monterrey EMCS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Márquez-Velasco
- Departament of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Elena Soto
- American British Cowdray Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departament of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Rodríguez-Fierros FL, Guarner-Lans V, Soto ME, Manzano-Pech L, Díaz-Díaz E, Soria-Castro E, Rubio-Ruiz ME, Jiménez-Trejo F, Pérez-Torres I. Modulation of Renal Function in a Metabolic Syndrome Rat Model by Antioxidants in Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072074. [PMID: 33916540 PMCID: PMC8038460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is the association of three or more pathologies among which obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and diabetes are included. It causes oxidative stress (OS) and renal dysfunction. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HSL) is a source of natural antioxidants that may control the renal damage caused by the MS. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of a 2% HSL infusion on renal function in a MS rat model induced by the administration of 30% sucrose in drinking water. 24 male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: Control rats, MS rats and MS + HSL rats. MS rats had increased body weight, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, insulin, HOMA index, and leptin (p ≤ 0.04). Renal function was impaired by an increase in perfusion pressure in the isolated and perfused kidney, albuminuria (p ≤ 0.03), and by a decrease in clearance of creatinine (p ≤ 0.04). The activity of some antioxidant enzymes including the superoxide dismutase isoforms, peroxidases, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase was decreased (p ≤ 0.05). Lipoperoxidation and carbonylation were increased (p ≤ 0.001). The nitrates/nitrites ratio, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione levels and vitamin C were decreased (p ≤ 0.03). The treatment with 2% HSL reversed these alterations. The results suggest that the treatment with 2% HSL infusion protects renal function through its natural antioxidants which favor an improved renal vascular response. The infusion contributes to the increase in the glomerular filtration rate, by promoting an increase in the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems leading to a decrease in OS and reestablishing the normal renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Leao Rodríguez-Fierros
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.L.R.-F.); (L.M.-P.); (E.S.-C.)
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (V.G.-L.); (M.E.R.-R.)
| | - María Elena Soto
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.L.R.-F.); (L.M.-P.); (E.S.-C.)
| | - Eulises Díaz-Díaz
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14000, Mexico;
| | - Elizabeth Soria-Castro
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.L.R.-F.); (L.M.-P.); (E.S.-C.)
| | - María Esther Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (V.G.-L.); (M.E.R.-R.)
| | - Francisco Jiménez-Trejo
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes Sur No. 3700-C, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.L.R.-F.); (L.M.-P.); (E.S.-C.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +52-5573-2911 (ext. 25203); Fax: +52-5573-0926
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14
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Chavarría AP, Vázquez RRV, Cherit JGD, Bello HH, Suastegui HC, Moreno-Castañeda L, Alanís Estrada G, Hernández F, González-Marcos O, Saucedo-Orozco H, Manzano-Pech L, Márquez-Velasco R, Guarner-Lans V, Pérez-Torres I, Soto ME. Antioxidants and pentoxifylline as coadjuvant measures to standard therapy to improve prognosis of patients with pneumonia by COVID-19. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1379-1390. [PMID: 33680348 PMCID: PMC7910139 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The type 2 coronavirus causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) and produces pneumonia with pulmonary alveolar collapse. In some cases it also causes sepsis and septic shock. There is no specific treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vitamin C (Vit C), Vitamin E (Vit E), N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and Melatonin (MT) increase the intracellular content of GSH, kidnap free radicals and protect DNA, proteins in the cytosol and lipids in cell membranes. Pentoxifylline (Px) has anti-inflammatory activities. Here we evaluate the effect of Vit C, Vit E, NAC, and MT plus Px in COVID-19 patients with moderate and severe pneumonia. 110 patients of either sex were included. They were divided into five groups with 22 patients each. Group 1 received Vit C + Px, group 2 Vit E + Px, group 3 NAC + Px, group 4 MT + Px, and group 5 only Px. Oxidative stress (OS) markers such as lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and nitrites (NO2 -) were evaluated in plasma. The antioxidant therapy improved the survival scores including the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), the Acute Physiology and chronic Health Evaluation II (Apache II), the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II), the Critical Illness Risk Score, Launched during COVID-19 crisis (COVIDGRAM) and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). We found that LPO (p≤0.04) and inflammation markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6, p≤ 0.01), C reactive protein (CRP, p ≤ 0.01) and procalcitonin (PCT, p ≤ 0.05) were elevated. TAC (p ≤ 0.03) and NO2 - (p ≤ 0.04) found themselves diminished in diminished in COVID-19 patients upon admission to the hospital. The different antioxidants reversed this alteration at the end of the treatment. The treatment with antioxidant supplements such as Vit C, E, NAC, and MT plus Px could decelerate the aggressive and lethal development of COVID-19. Antioxidant therapy can be effective in this pandemia since it improves the survival scores including SOFA, Apache II, SAPS II, COVIDGRAM, GCS by lowering the LPO, IL-6, CRP, PCT and increasing systemic TAC and NO2 -.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Palacios Chavarría
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center Av. del Conscripto 311, Lomas de Sotelo, Hipódromo de las Américas, Miguel Hidalgo, 11200 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
- Critical Care in American British Cowdray (ABC) Medical Center, I.A.P. ABC I.A.P. ABC Sur 136 No. 116 Col. Las Américas, México City 01120 , Mexico
| | - Rafael Ricardo Valdez Vázquez
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center Av. del Conscripto 311, Lomas de Sotelo, Hipódromo de las Américas, Miguel Hidalgo, 11200 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - José Guillermo Domínguez Cherit
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán” Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14000, Mexico
- Tecnológico de Monterrey EMCS, Mexico
| | - Héctor Herrera Bello
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center Av. del Conscripto 311, Lomas de Sotelo, Hipódromo de las Américas, Miguel Hidalgo, 11200 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Humberto Castillejos Suastegui
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center Av. del Conscripto 311, Lomas de Sotelo, Hipódromo de las Américas, Miguel Hidalgo, 11200 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Lidia Moreno-Castañeda
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center Av. del Conscripto 311, Lomas de Sotelo, Hipódromo de las Américas, Miguel Hidalgo, 11200 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Alanís Estrada
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center Av. del Conscripto 311, Lomas de Sotelo, Hipódromo de las Américas, Miguel Hidalgo, 11200 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Fabián Hernández
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center Av. del Conscripto 311, Lomas de Sotelo, Hipódromo de las Américas, Miguel Hidalgo, 11200 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Omar González-Marcos
- Critical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center Av. del Conscripto 311, Lomas de Sotelo, Hipódromo de las Américas, Miguel Hidalgo, 11200 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Huitzilihuitl Saucedo-Orozco
- Cardioneumology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico
- Cardioneumology Department, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Seris y Zaachila, Col. La Raza Azcapotzalco, 02990 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Márquez-Velasco
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080 Mexico
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Maria Elena Soto
- Department of Immunology , Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Juan Badiano 1 , Sección XVI , Tlalpan , México City 14080 , Mexico
- American British Cowdray (ABC) Medical Center , I.A.P. ABC I.A.P. ABC Sur 136 No. 116 Col. Las Américas , México City 01120 , Mexico
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Pérez-Torres I, Manzano-Pech L, Rubio-Ruíz ME, Soto ME, Guarner-Lans V. Nitrosative Stress and Its Association with Cardiometabolic Disorders. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112555. [PMID: 32486343 PMCID: PMC7321091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are formed when there is an abnormal increase in the level of nitric oxide (NO) produced by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and/or by the uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The presence of high concentrations of superoxide anions (O2−) is also necessary for their formation. RNS react three times faster than O2− with other molecules and have a longer mean half life. They cause irreversible damage to cell membranes, proteins, mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, nucleic acids and enzymes, altering their activity and leading to necrosis and to cell death. Although nitrogen species are important in the redox imbalance, this review focuses on the alterations caused by the RNS in the cellular redox system that are associated with cardiometabolic diseases. Currently, nitrosative stress (NSS) is implied in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The mechanisms that produce damage remain poorly understood. In this paper, we summarize the current knowledge on the participation of NSS in the pathology of cardiometabolic diseases and their possible mechanisms of action. This information might be useful for the future proposal of anti-NSS therapies for cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Pérez-Torres
- Vascular Biomedicine Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (I.P.-T.); (V.G.-L.)
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Vascular Biomedicine Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico;
| | - María Esther Rubio-Ruíz
- Physiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico;
| | - María Elena Soto
- Immunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Physiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (I.P.-T.); (V.G.-L.)
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16
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Rubio-Ruiz ME, Guarner-Lans V, Cano-Martínez A, Díaz-Díaz E, Manzano-Pech L, Gamas-Magaña A, Castrejón-Tellez V, Tapia-Cortina C, Pérez-Torres I. Resveratrol and Quercetin Administration Improves Antioxidant DEFENSES and reduces Fatty Liver in Metabolic Syndrome Rats. Molecules 2019; 24:E1297. [PMID: 30987086 PMCID: PMC6479544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixtures of resveratrol (RSV) + quercetin (QRC) have antioxidant properties that probably impact on fatty liver in metabolic syndrome (MS) individuals. Here, we study the effects of a mixture of RSV + QRC on oxidative stress (OS) and fatty liver in a rat model of MS. Weanling male Wistar rats were separated into four groups (n = 8): MS rats with 30% sucrose in drinking water plus RSV + QRC (50 and 0.95 mg/kg/day, respectively), MS rats without treatment, control rats (C), and C rats plus RSV + QRC. MS rats had increased systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, insulin levels, insulin resistance index homeostasis model (HOMA), adiponectin, and leptin. The RSV + QRC mixture compensated these variables to C values (p < 0.01) in MS rats. Lipid peroxidation and carbonylation were increased in MS. Total antioxidant capacity and glutathione (GSH) were decreased in MS and compensated in MS plus RVS + QRC rats. Catalase, superoxide dismutase isoforms, peroxidases, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and the expression of Nrf2 were decreased in MS and reversed in MS plus RVS + QRC rats (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the mixture of RSV + QRC has benefic effects on OS in fatty liver in the MS rats through the improvement of the antioxidant capacity and by the over-expression of the master factor Nrf2, which increases the antioxidant enzymes and GSH recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Esther Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Agustina Cano-Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Eulises Díaz-Díaz
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14000, Mexico.
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Anel Gamas-Magaña
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Vicente Castrejón-Tellez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Concepción Tapia-Cortina
- Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades. Licenciatura en Promoción de la Salud. Academia de salud comunitaria. Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México; Plantel San Lorenzo Tezonco, Mexico City 06720, Mexico.
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
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