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Ramírez-Noguera P, Zetina Marín I, Gómez Chavarin BM, Valderrama ME, López-Barrera LD, Díaz-Torres R. Study of the Early Effects of Chitosan Nanoparticles with Glutathione in Rats with Osteoarthrosis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2172. [PMID: 37631386 PMCID: PMC10459352 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to cartilage's limited capacity for regeneration, numerous studies have been conducted to find new drugs that modify osteoarthrosis's progression. Some evidence showed the capability of chitosan nanoparticles with glutathione (Np-GSH) to regulate the oxide-redox status in vitro in human chondrocytes. This work aimed to evaluate the capacity of Np-GSH in vivo, using Wistar rats with induced surgical osteoarthritis. Radiographic, biochemical (GSH and TBARS quantification), histopathological, and immunohistochemical (Col-2 and MMP-13) analyses were performed to evaluate the progress of the osteoarthritic lesions after the administration of a single dose of Np-GSH. According to the results obtained, the GSH contained in the NPs could be vectored to chondrocytes and used by the cell to modulate the oxidative state reduction, decreasing the production of ROS and free radicals induced by agents oxidizing xenobiotics, increasing GSH levels, as well as the activity of GPx, and decreasing lipid peroxidation. These results are significant since the synthesis of GSH develops exclusively in the cell cytoplasm, and its quantity under an oxidation-reduction imbalance may be defective. Therefore, the results allow us to consider these nanostructures as a helpful study tool to reduce the damage associated with oxidative stress in various diseases such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ramírez-Noguera
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan Km. 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli CP 54714, Mexico; (P.R.-N.)
| | - Iliane Zetina Marín
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan Km. 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli CP 54714, Mexico; (P.R.-N.)
| | - Blanca Margarita Gómez Chavarin
- School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City CP 04510, Mexico
| | - Moisés Eduardo Valderrama
- Equine Hospital, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan Km. 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli CP 54714, Mexico
| | - Laura Denise López-Barrera
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan Km. 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli CP 54714, Mexico; (P.R.-N.)
| | - Roberto Díaz-Torres
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan Km. 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli CP 54714, Mexico; (P.R.-N.)
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Manzano-Pech L, Guarner-Lans V, Soto ME, Díaz-Díaz E, Caballero-Chacón S, Díaz-Torres R, Rodríguez-Fierros FL, Pérez-Torres I. Excessive Consumption Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Increases Inflammation and Blood Pressure in Male Wistar Rats via High Antioxidant Capacity: The Preliminary Findings. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182774. [PMID: 36139349 PMCID: PMC9497088 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HSL) has high amounts of antioxidants and many beneficial effects in several pathologies. However, few studies describe the possible harmful effects of high concentrations of HSL. Here we evaluate the effect of excessive and chronic consumption of infusions with different percentages of HSL on some oxidative stress markers in serum, and the possible association with inflammation and increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), in healthy rats. A total of 32 male Wistar rats were used to form 4 groups with 8 animals each. Group 1 control (drinking tap water), group 2, 3 and 4, drinking water supplemented with 15, 30 and 60 g/L of HSL calyxes respectively. SBP was evaluated and determinations in serum of the NO3−/NO2− ratio, glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), selenium (Se), TNF-α, IL-1α/IL-1F1, IL-1β, IL-10, extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, were evaluated. The SBP (p = 0.01), GPx activity, GSH, TAC, Se, TNF-α and EcSOD activities (p ≤ 0.001) and IL-1α/IL-1F1, IL-1β, TrxR and NO3−/NO2− (p ≤ 0.05), were increased but IL-10 (p < 0.001) was decreased in rats that consumed the 3 and 6% HSL infusions. The excessive and chronic consumption of HSL may increase the TAC that could lead to a proinflammatory state which is associated with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Institute Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Institute Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - María Elena Soto
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Eulises Díaz-Díaz
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Institute Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14000, Mexico
| | - Sara Caballero-Chacón
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology UNAM, Facultad de Medicina y Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán 04510, Mexico
| | - Roberto Díaz-Torres
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, UNAM, Km 2.5 Carretera Cuatitlán-Teoloyucan, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuatitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - Félix Leao Rodríguez-Fierros
- Laboratorio de Patología Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Institute Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +52-5573-2911 (ext. 25203); Fax: +52-5573-0926
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López-Barrera LD, Díaz-Torres R, Martínez-Rosas JR, Salazar AM, Rosales C, Ramírez-Noguera P. Modification of Proliferation and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells by Exposure of Antioxidant Nanoparticles Due to Modulation of the Cellular Redox State Induced by Doxorubicin Exposure. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081251. [PMID: 34452212 PMCID: PMC8399704 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we investigated whether the use of chitosan-carrying-glutathione nanoparticles (CH-GSH NPs) can modify proliferation and apoptosis, and reduce cell damage induced by doxorubicin on breast cancer cells. Doxorubicin is a widely used antineoplasic agent for the treatment of various types of cancer. However, it is also a highly toxic drug because it induces oxidative stress. Thus, the use of antioxidant molecules has been considered to reduce the toxicity of doxorubicin. CH-GSH NPs were characterized in size, zeta potential, concentration, and shape. When breast cancer cells were treated with CH-GSH nanoparticles, they were localized in the cellular cytoplasm. Combined doxorubicin exposure with nanoparticles increased intracellular GSH levels. At the same time, decreasing levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde were observed and modified antioxidant enzyme activity. Levels of the Ki67 protein were evaluated as a marker of cell proliferation and the activity of the Casp-3 protein related to cell apoptosis was measured. Our data suggests that CH-GSH NPs can modify cell proliferation by decreasing Ki67 levels, induce apoptosis by increasing caspase-3 activity, and reduce the oxidative stress induced by doxorubicin in breast cancer cells by modulating molecules associated with the cellular redox state. CH-GSH NPs could be used to reduce the toxic effects of this antineoplastic. Considering these results, CH-GSH NPs represent a novel delivery system offering new opportunities in pharmacy, material science, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Denise López-Barrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 4510, 4513, Mexico City CP 54714, Mexico; (L.D.L.-B.); (J.R.M.-R.)
| | - Roberto Díaz-Torres
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 4510, 4513, Mexico City CP 54714, Mexico;
| | - Joselo Ramón Martínez-Rosas
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 4510, 4513, Mexico City CP 54714, Mexico; (L.D.L.-B.); (J.R.M.-R.)
| | - Ana María Salazar
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 4510, 4513, Mexico City CP 54714, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 4510, 4513, Mexico City CP 54714, Mexico;
| | - Patricia Ramírez-Noguera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 4510, 4513, Mexico City CP 54714, Mexico; (L.D.L.-B.); (J.R.M.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-5623-19-99 (ext. 3-9429)
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Piña-Olmos S, Dolores-Hernández M, Villaseñor A, Díaz-Torres R, Ramírez Bribiesca E, López-Arellano R, Ramírez-Noguera P. Extracellular and intracellular zilpaterol and clenbuterol quantification in Hep G2 liver cells by UPLC-PDA and UPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 195:113817. [PMID: 33303268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Zilpaterol and Clenbuterol are β-adrenergic agonists that have been widely used to feed cattle. Although the use of Zilpaterol has been approved, Clenbuterol is still used illegally at unknown doses. However, the research of both substances has been based mainly on the evaluation of residues. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a cellular model using Hep G2 cells treated with Zilpaterol and Clenbuterol is presented as an alternative approach to quantify both drugs at the cellular level. Thus, a complete analytical methodology has been developed for the accurate quantitation of these β-adrenergic agonists in both cellular compartments. We propose the use of ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (UPLC-PDA) for extracellular determinations while UPLC coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) for intracellular analysis. The methods were fully validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, and precision, limits of detection and quantitation (LOD and LOQ, respectively), stability, carryover, and matrix effect. The method for intracellular content was linear ranging from 0.25 to 8 ng/mL while for extracellular content, the concentration of Zilpaterol and Clenbuterol ranged from 0.125 to 4 μg/mL, with correlation coefficients of R > 0.98 and >0.99, respectively. The combination of the two methodologies in the cellular model showed intracellular concentrations of 0.344 ± 0.06 μg/mL and 2.483 ± 0.36 μg/mL for Zilpaterol and Clenbuterol, respectively. Extracellular concentration was 0.728 ± 0.14 μg/mL and 0.822 ± 0.11 μg/mL for Zilpaterol and Clenbuterol, respectively. This work shows the potential applications of cellular modelling in the study of toxicity for the mentioned drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Piña-Olmos
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Celular, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, FES-Cuautitlán, Campo 4, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera México-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de México, 54714, Mexico
| | - Mariana Dolores-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Farmacéutico (LEDEFAR), Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, FES-Cuautitlán, Campo 4, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera México-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de México, 54714, Mexico
| | - Alma Villaseñor
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Díaz-Torres
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Celular, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, FES-Cuautitlán, Campo 4, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera México-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de México, 54714, Mexico
| | - Efrén Ramírez Bribiesca
- Programa de Ganadería, Colegio de Posgraduados, Montecillo, Carretera México-Texcoco Km.36.5, Montecillo, Texcoco, 56230, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Raquel López-Arellano
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Farmacéutico (LEDEFAR), Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, FES-Cuautitlán, Campo 4, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera México-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de México, 54714, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ramírez-Noguera
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Celular, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, FES-Cuautitlán, Campo 4, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera México-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de México, 54714, Mexico.
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Martínez-Rosas JR, Díaz-Torres R, Ramírez-Noguera P, López-Barrera LD, Escobar-Chavez JJ, Ángeles ER. PLGA nanoparticles of a new cinnamic acid derivative inhibits cellular proliferation on breast cancer cell line MCF-7 in a PPARγ dependent way. Pharmazie 2020; 75:324-328. [PMID: 32635974 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2020.0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
Currently, cancer treatments are highly invasive, and they have been associated with a lot of adverse effects that put patient integrity at risk. Therefore, research of novel molecules and delivery systems capable of achieving a therapeutic effect that modifies inhibits and reduces the proliferative activity in cancer cells and, at the same time, reduce adverse effects associated with conventional therapies is imperative. In this study, we analyzed the biological effect of a novel cinnamic acid derivative, 3,4-dichlorobencil-p-phenoxylcilamide, in polymeric nanoparticles over MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The nanoparticulated system showed an inhibitory influence over cellular metabolism at equal or higher concentrations than 25 μM of 3,4-dichlorobencil-p-phenoxylcilamide, which is associated with PPARγ transcriptional activity, in addition to the decrease in the proliferation antigen Ki-67 basal levels. Those results position this kind of nanoscale system as an alternative on breast cancer treatment and lay the basis for research on the action mechanism associated with its cellular metabolism modulation and relationship with another hallmark on breast cancer cellular models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Martínez-Rosas
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Celular L-9, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, San Sebastián Xhala;,
| | - R Díaz-Torres
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Celular L-9, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, San Sebastián Xhala
| | - P Ramírez-Noguera
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Celular L-9, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, San Sebastián Xhala
| | - L D López-Barrera
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Celular L-9, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, San Sebastián Xhala
| | - J J Escobar-Chavez
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Transdérmicos L-12, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, San Sebastián Xhala
| | - E R Ángeles
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, FES-Cuantitlán, Santa María Guadalupe las Torres, México
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López-Barrera LD, Díaz-Torres R, Macay AL, López-Reyes AG, Olmos SP, Ramírez-Noguera P. Oxidative stress modulation induced by chitosan-glutathione nanoparticles in chondrocytes. Pharmazie 2019; 74:406-411. [PMID: 31288896 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2019.8166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanometric systems to deliver biologically active substances is a successful tool in different fields. In this study, we investigated nanometric systems with antioxidant capacity to modulate events associated with the redox state in human chondrocytes. We used nanoparticles (NPs) prepared with chitosan and glutathione (GSH) and an in vitro model: primary cultures of human chondrocytes were extracted from hyaline cartilage. The cells were exposed to CdCl₂ in the presence or absence of NPs. CdCl₂ is a widely known oxidizing agent. Fluorescence and confocal microscopy showed the location of the NPs within the cells. The results obtained showed that the NPs did not significantly affect cell viability. We studied the antioxidant capacity of the NPs by estimating the GSH, TBARs, and Cell Rox content and the enzymatic activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx). In vitro assays showed that GSH levels, GPx activity and reactive oxygen species (Cell Rox) levels were modified with both concentrations of NPs, while lipoperoxidation (TBARs) decreased when cells exposed to CdCl₂ were in contact with the NPs. All these results suggest the ability of NPs to modulate the cell redox state in a dose-dependent manner.
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Jardon-Xicotencatl S, Díaz-Torres R, Marroquín-Cardona A, Villarreal-Barajas T, Méndez-Albores A. Detoxification of Aflatoxin-Contaminated Maize by Neutral Electrolyzed Oxidizing Water. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:4294-314. [PMID: 26512692 PMCID: PMC4626735 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7104294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins, a group of extremely toxic mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius, can occur as natural contaminants of certain agricultural commodities, particularly maize. These toxins have been shown to be hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic and cause severe human and animal diseases. The effectiveness of neutral electrolyzed oxidizing water (NEW) on aflatoxin detoxification was investigated in HepG2 cells using several validation methodologies such as the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, the induction of lipid peroxidation, the oxidative damage by means of glutathione modulation, the Ames test and the alkaline Comet assay. Our results showed that, after the aflatoxin-contaminated maize containing 360 ng/g was soaked in NEW (60 mg/L available chlorine, pH 7.01) during 15 min at room temperature, the aflatoxin content did not decrease as confirmed by the immunoaffinity column and ultra performance liquid chromatography methods. Aflatoxin fluorescence strength of detoxified samples was similar to untreated samples. However, aflatoxin-associated cytotoxicity and OPEN ACCESS Toxins 2015, 7 4295 genotoxicity effects were markedly reduced upon treatment. According to these results, NEW can be effectively used to detoxify aflatoxin-contaminated maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Jardon-Xicotencatl
- UNAM-FESC. Campus 4. Multidisciplinary Research Unit L14 (Food, Mycotoxins and Mycotoxicosis), Cuautitlan Izcalli 54714, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Díaz-Torres
- UNAM-FESC. Campus 4. Multidisciplinary Research Unit L9 (Toxicology and Genetics), Cuautitlan Izcalli 54714, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Abraham Méndez-Albores
- UNAM-FESC. Campus 4. Multidisciplinary Research Unit L14 (Food, Mycotoxins and Mycotoxicosis), Cuautitlan Izcalli 54714, Mexico.
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Vázquez-Durán A, Díaz-Torres R, Ramírez-Noguera P, Moreno-Martínez E, Méndez-Albores A. Cytotoxic and genotoxic evaluation of tortillas produced by microwave heating during alkaline-cooking of aflatoxin-contaminated maize. J Food Sci 2014; 79:T1024-9. [PMID: 24689855 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induction by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from maize (ME) and tortillas (TE) produced by microwave nixtamalization were investigated in monkey kidney (Vero cells) using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, the induction of lipid peroxidation, the oxidative damage by means of glutathione (GSH) depletion, and the Salmonella-microsomal screening system (Ames test). Our results showed that, at higher concentrations, both ME and TE extracts that contained varying amounts of aflatoxin caused a considerable decrease in Vero cell viability (up to 37%) after 4 h of exposure. Aflatoxins from ME induced greater oxidative damage by enhancing lipid peroxidation (up to 6.05 ± 0.14 μmol/mg protein) as compared to TE; however, TE also induced significant malondialdehyde formation in particular at the higher aflatoxin concentration tested (up to 2.7 ± 0.19 μmol/mg protein). The decrease in GSH level was also more pronounced in ME as compared to TE. Moreover, the Ames test results indicated that the mutagenic activity of TE was greatly reduced compared with that of ME based on his(-) → his(+) reversions in the Salmonella TA100 strain. According to these results, it is concluded that the microwave nixtamalization procedure reduced aflatoxins and their in vitro toxicity and mutagenic activity. PRACTICAL APPLICATION In Mexico, aflatoxins are often found in maize destined for the tortilla industry; consequently, tortilla consumption invariably leads to an important intake of intact and/or modified aflatoxin molecules caused by the thermal-alkaline treatment used during production. Therefore, it is of the highest importance to check whether such intake has the potential to lead to higher risk for adverse human health effects. In view of these considerations, in vitro tests may thus be useful for predicting the potential cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of tortillas produced for human consumption using aflatoxin-contaminated maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Vázquez-Durán
- UANL-FA, Agropecuary Sciences Campus (Food Industries Research Center), Francisco Villa s/n, General Escobedo, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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Prado-Ochoa M, Ramírez-Noguera P, Díaz-Torres R, Garrido-Fariña G, Vázquez-Valadez V, Velázquez-Sánchez A, Muñoz-Guzmán M, Angeles E, Alba-Hurtado F. The action of two ethyl carbamates on acetylcholinesterase and reproductive organs of Rhipicephalus microplus. Vet Parasitol 2014; 199:215-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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