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Alvarado AT, Ybañez-Julca R, Muñoz AM, Tejada-Bechi C, Cerro R, Quiñones LA, Varela N, Alvarado CA, Alvarado E, Bendezú MR, García JA. Frequency of CYP2D6*3 and *4 and metabolizer phenotypes in three mestizo Peruvian populations. PHARMACIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e75165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild type genotypes (CYP2D6) and their allelic variants have been described in a sample of a Peruvian mestizo population. The global allele frequency was 0.015 for CYP2D6*3 and 0.051 for CYP2D6*4. The percentages of genotypes described were 97% CYP2D6*1/*1 and 3.0% CYP2D6*1/*3; 90.60% for CYP2D6*1/*1, 8.55% CYP2D6*1/*4 and 0.85% CYP2D6*4/*4. The allelic frequencies of CYP2D6*3 in the Lima subpopulations were 0.022 and 0.010 for Junin; CYP2D6*4 of 0.048, 0.060, and 0.050 for residents of Lima, Junín, and Tacna, respectively. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test for the studied population showed that both frequencies are in equilibrium, p <.05. The metabolizer phenotype was inferred according to the genotypes: 11.54% were classified as intermediate metabolizers (*1/*3 or *1/*4) and 0.85% as poor metabolizers (*4/*4). It is concluded that the frequencies of the CYP2D6*3 and CYP2D6*4 alleles are low for the Peruvian mestizo population compared to the Latin American and tricontinental population, due to their natural population evolution, which is manifested by their decreased metabolic activity, the same that is relevant in clinical practice.
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2
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P Sarmiento A, Dorado P, Borbón A, de Andrés F, LLerena A. High prevalence of CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers in a mestizo Colombian population in relation to Hispanic mestizo populations. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 21:1227-1236. [PMID: 33124522 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Interethnic differences in CYP2D6 allele frequency have been demonstrated across Latin-American countries. Only one previous study describing CYP2D6 genotypes in Colombian population has been performed. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the CYP2D6 genetic variability in a mestizo Colombian population, as well as the similarities and differences concerning other Hispanic mestizo (HM) populations. Methodology: Two hundred and twelve unrelated healthy Colombian subjects were studied, in which different CYP2D6 polymorphisms were analyzed by extra long-PCR and real-time PCR. Results & discussion: A high percentage of ultrarapid metabolizers (18.4%) was found, representing the highest frequency calculated within the HM populations studied. However, the percentage of poor metabolizers (4.7%) was similar to those previously reported in HM populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba P Sarmiento
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain
| | - Pedro Dorado
- INUBE Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.,RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain
| | - Angélica Borbón
- Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia.,RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain
| | - Fernando de Andrés
- INUBE Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.,RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain
| | - Adrián LLerena
- INUBE Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.,RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain
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3
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Naranjo MEG, Rodrigues-Soares F, Peñas-Lledó EM, Tarazona-Santos E, Fariñas H, Rodeiro I, Terán E, Grazina M, Moya GE, López-López M, Sarmiento AP, Calzadilla LR, Ramírez-Roa R, Ortiz-López R, Estévez-Carrizo FE, Sosa-Macías M, Barrantes R, LLerena A. Interethnic Variability in CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 Genes and Predicted Drug Metabolism Phenotypes Among 6060 Ibero- and Native Americans: RIBEF-CEIBA Consortium Report on Population Pharmacogenomics. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2018; 22:575-588. [PMID: 30183544 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2018.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacogenetic variation in Latin Americans is understudied, which sets a barrier for the goal of global precision medicine. The RIBEF-CEIBA Network Consortium was established to characterize interindividual and between population variations in CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 drug metabolizing enzyme genotypes, which were subsequently utilized to catalog their "predicted drug metabolism phenotypes" across Native American and Ibero American populations. Importantly, we report in this study, a total of 6060 healthy individuals from Ibero-America who were classified according to their self-reported ancestry: 1395 Native Americans, 2571 Admixed Latin Americans, 96 Afro-Latin Americans, 287 white Latin Americans (from Cuba), 1537 Iberians, and 174 Argentinean Ashkenazi Jews. Moreover, Native Americans were grouped into North-, Central-, and South Amerindians (from Mexico, Costa Rica, and Peru, respectively). All subjects were studied for the most common and functional CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 allelic variants, and grouped as genotype-predicted poor or ultrarapid metabolizer phenotypes (gPMs and gUMs, respectively). Native Americans showed differences from each ethnic group in at least two alleles of CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19. Native Americans had higher frequencies of wild-type alleles for all genes, and lower frequency of CYP2D6*41, CYP2C9*2, and CYP2C19*17 (p < 0.05). Native Americans also showed less CYP2C19 gUMs than the rest of the population sample. In addition, differences within Native Americans (mostly North vs. South) were also found. The interethnic differences described supports the need for population-specific personalized and precision medicine programs for Native Americans. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest study carried out in Native Americans and other Ibero-American populations analyzing CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms. Population pharmacogenomics is a nascent field of global health and warrants further research and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Eugenia G Naranjo
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,2 Universidad de Extremadura , Badajoz, Spain
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues-Soares
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,3 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil .,4 Faculdade Uninassau , Manaus, Brazil
| | - Eva M Peñas-Lledó
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,2 Universidad de Extremadura , Badajoz, Spain
| | - Eduardo Tarazona-Santos
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,3 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil .,5 PRISMA , Lima, Peru
| | - Humberto Fariñas
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,2 Universidad de Extremadura , Badajoz, Spain
| | - Idania Rodeiro
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,6 Instituto de Ciencias del Mar , La Habana, Cuba
| | - Enrique Terán
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,7 Universidad San Francisco de Quito , Quito, Ecuador
| | - Manuela Grazina
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,8 UC, CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Graciela E Moya
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,9 Universidad Católica de Argentina , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisol López-López
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,10 Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana , Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alba P Sarmiento
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,11 Pontifica Universidad Javeriana , Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis R Calzadilla
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,12 Centro Comunitario de SaludMental de la Habana Vieja, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Ronald Ramírez-Roa
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,13 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua , León, Nicaragua
| | - Rocío Ortiz-López
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,14 Tecnológico de Monterrey , Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Francisco E Estévez-Carrizo
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,15 Universidad de Montevideo , Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martha Sosa-Macías
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,16 Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Durango, Mexico
| | - Ramiro Barrantes
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,17 Universidad de Costa Rica , San José, Costa Rica
| | - Adrián LLerena
- 1 RIBEF Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics , Badajoz, Spain .,2 Universidad de Extremadura , Badajoz, Spain
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Adedeji WA, Igbinoba SI, Fakeye TO, Oladosu IA, Fehintola FA, Ma Q, Morse GD. Evaluation of CYP2D6 phenotype in the Yoruba Nigerian population. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2017; 10:1145-1152. [PMID: 28786716 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2017.1362979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of information on CYP2D6, a major metabolizing enzyme, in Africa ethnic nationalities. The objective was to determine CYP2D6 phenotype in Yoruba Nigerians using dextromethorphan (DEX). METHOD A total of 89 healthy volunteers received 30 mg of DEX orally followed by blood and urine sample collection at 3-hour and over 8 h post-dose, respectively. DEX and dextrorphan (DOR) concentrations were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The metabolic ratio (MR, DEX/DOR) were plotted for the phenotype determination. RESULTS The log MR that separated poor (PMs) from normal metabolizers (NMs) was 0.28 and 0.75 for urine and plasma, respectively. Two subjects (2.3%) identified as PMs had a mean MR of 17 and 3.2 in plasma and urine, significantly higher than that of NMs (p < .0001). A positive correlation between urine and plasma MR was noted. CONCLUSION The prevalence of PMs in the Yoruba Nigerians was similar to that reported among blacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Adeola Adedeji
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , University College Hospital , Ibadan , Nigeria
| | - Sharon Iyobor Igbinoba
- b Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy , Obafemi Awolowo University , Ile-Ife , Nigeria
| | - Titilayo O Fakeye
- c Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Administration , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria
| | | | - Fatai Adewale Fehintola
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacology , University College Hospital , Ibadan , Nigeria.,e Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria
| | - Qing Ma
- f Translational Pharmacology Research Core , School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New York Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Gene D Morse
- f Translational Pharmacology Research Core , School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New York Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences , Buffalo , NY , USA.,g Center for Integrated Global Biomedical Sciences , University at Buffalo , Buffalo , NY , USA
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5
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Acuña M, Pinto E, Olivares P, Ríos C. Genetic Variants of Cytochrome CYP2D6 in Two Mixed Chilean Populations. Hum Hered 2017; 82:16-20. [PMID: 28728153 DOI: 10.1159/000478047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is known that the interindividual and interethnic variability of the genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6 plays an important role in the presentation of adverse drug reactions and concerning lack of therapeutic effects in humans. However, there are few data available from mixed populations of Latin America, including the Chilean. The aim of this study was therefore to estimate the frequencies of CYP2D6 variants in two samples of hospitals from the northern (Hospital San José, HSJ) and eastern (Clínica Las Condes, CLC) parts of Santiago, Chile, with different degrees of Amerindian admixture (HSJ: 34.5%; CLC: 15.9%). METHODS We used polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction endonuclease digestion (PCR-RFLP) to genotype 7 CYP2D6 alleles in 250 healthy unrelated individuals of Chilean Mestizo background. The detection of allele CYP2D6*5 and the duplication of this gene was performed by long-PCR. RESULTS The degrees of Amerindian admixture are reflected in the observed frequencies of the CYP2D6*1 (HSJ: 58.26%; CLC: 41.06%), CYP2D6*2 (HSJ: 28.10%; CLC: 40.65%), and CYP2D6*4 (HSJ: 8.26%; CLC: 12.60%) alleles; the frequencies of CYP2D6*1 (p = 0.0002) and CYP2D6*2 (p = 0.0036) are significantly different between the samples. Four individuals (CLC: 0.41%; HSJ: 1.24%) could not be assigned to a genotype. We identified 3.25% of the genotypes which predict a poor metabolizer phenotype in CLC and 1.65% in HSJ. CONCLUSION Our data indicate ethnic group-dependent genetic differences in the vulnerability to treatment with the large variety of drugs metabolized by the enzyme CYP2D6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Acuña
- Human Genetic Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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6
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Dorado P, González I, Naranjo MEG, de Andrés F, Peñas-Lledó EM, Calzadilla LR, LLerena A. Lessons from Cuba for Global Precision Medicine: CYP2D6 Genotype Is Not a Robust Predictor of CYP2D6 Ultrarapid Metabolism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 21:17-26. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2016.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Dorado
- CICAB, Clinical Research Centre, Extremadura University Hospital and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Idilio González
- Centro de Salud Mental, Área de Salud Zafra-Llerena, Servicio Extremeño de Salud, Llerena, Spain
| | - María Eugenia G. Naranjo
- CICAB, Clinical Research Centre, Extremadura University Hospital and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Fernando de Andrés
- CICAB, Clinical Research Centre, Extremadura University Hospital and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Eva María Peñas-Lledó
- CICAB, Clinical Research Centre, Extremadura University Hospital and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
| | | | - Adrián LLerena
- CICAB, Clinical Research Centre, Extremadura University Hospital and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
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7
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De Andrés F, Terán S, Hernández F, Terán E, LLerena A. To Genotype or Phenotype for Personalized Medicine? CYP450 Drug Metabolizing Enzyme Genotype–Phenotype Concordance and Discordance in the Ecuadorian Population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 20:699-710. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2016.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando De Andrés
- CICAB Clinical Research Centre, Extremadura University Hospital and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Santiago Terán
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Francisco Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Estatal de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Enrique Terán
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Adrián LLerena
- CICAB Clinical Research Centre, Extremadura University Hospital and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
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8
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Sosa-Macías M, Teran E, Waters W, Fors MM, Altamirano C, Jung-Cook H, Galaviz-Hernández C, López-López M, Remírez D, Moya GE, Hernández F, Fariñas H, Ramírez R, Céspedes-Garro C, Tarazona-Santos E, LLerena A. Pharmacogenetics and ethnicity: relevance for clinical implementation, clinical trials, pharmacovigilance and drug regulation in Latin America. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:1741-1747. [PMID: 27790935 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Congress of Pharmacogenetics and Personalized Medicine. Ethnicity, clinical implementation and regulatory environment (MESTIFAR 2016 Quito) Quito, Ecuador, 19-21 May 2016. The Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics (RIBEF) was created in 2006 with the main aim of promoting personalized medicine and collaborative pharmacogenetics research in Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries in America and the Iberian Peninsula. The final goal of this initiative was the inclusion of Latin American populations that may benefit from the implementation of personalized medicine in drug therapy. Several initiatives have been promoted including the MESTIFAR project, which aimed to analyze the ethnicity, genotype and/or metabolic phenotype in Ibero-American populations. To date, 6060 healthy volunteers have been analyzed; among them, 2571 were admixed, 1824 were Caucasians, 1395 were Native Americans, 174 were Jews and 96 were Afro-descendants. Due to the large genetic variability within Latin Americans, ethnicity may be a relevant factor for the clinical implementation of personalized medicine. Moreover, the present status of clinical implementation and the future perspectives of pharmacogenetics, pharmacovigilance and clinical trials for drug regulation in Latin America compared with the EMA-Pharmacogenomics Working Party and the US FDA initiatives were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Sosa-Macías
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Instituto Politéctico Nacional-CIIDIR, Unidad Durango, Academia de Genómica, Durango, Mexico
| | - Enrique Teran
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - William Waters
- Comité de Ética en Seres Humanos, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Martha M Fors
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Catalina Altamirano
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, León, Facultad de Medicina, Nicaragua
| | - Helgi Jung-Cook
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Carlos Galaviz-Hernández
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Instituto Politéctico Nacional-CIIDIR, Unidad Durango, Academia de Genómica, Durango, Mexico
| | - Marisol López-López
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco, México
| | - Diadelis Remírez
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Centro para el Control Estatal de Medicamentos, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Graciela E Moya
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Hernández
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Estatal de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Humberto Fariñas
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,CICAB Clinical Research Centre, Extremadura University Hospital & Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ronald Ramírez
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, León, Facultad de Medicina, Nicaragua
| | - Carolina Céspedes-Garro
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Genetics Section, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Eduardo Tarazona-Santos
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adrián LLerena
- RIBEF, Ibero-American Network of Pharmacogenetics & Pharmacogenomics, Mérida, Badajoz, Spain.,CICAB Clinical Research Centre, Extremadura University Hospital & Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
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9
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Wang Z, Wang L, Xu RA, Zhan YY, Huang CK, Dai DP, Cai JP, Hu GX. Role of cytochrome P450 2D6 genetic polymorphism in carvedilol hydroxylation in vitro. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:1909-16. [PMID: 27354764 PMCID: PMC4907640 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s106175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is a highly polymorphic enzyme that catalyzes the metabolism of a great number of therapeutic drugs. Up to now, >100 allelic variants of CYP2D6 have been reported. Recently, we identified 22 novel variants in the Chinese population in these variants. The purpose of this study was to examine the enzymatic activity of the variants toward the CYP2D6 substrate carvedilol in vitro. The CYP2D6 proteins, including CYP2D6.1 (wild type), CYP2D6.2, CYP2D6.10, and 22 other novel CYP2D6 variants, were expressed from insect microsomes and incubated with carvedilol ranging from 1.0 μM to 50 μM at 37°C for 30 minutes. After termination, the carvedilol metabolites were extracted and detected using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. Among the 24 CYP2D6 variants, CYP2D6.92 and CYP2D6.96 were catalytically inactive and the remaining 22 variants exhibited significantly decreased intrinsic clearance values (ranging from ~25% to 95%) compared with CYP2D6.1. The present data in vitro suggest that the newly found variants significantly reduced catalytic activities compared with CYP2D6.1. Given that CYP2D6 protein activities could affect carvedilol plasma levels, these findings are greatly relevant to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Ai Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Yun Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Ke Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Peng Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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10
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Naranjo MEG, de Andrés F, Delgado A, Cobaleda J, Peñas-Lledó EM, LLerena A. High frequency of CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers in Spain: controversy about their misclassification in worldwide population studies. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2016; 16:485-90. [PMID: 27272044 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A high frequency (7-10%) of CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers estimated from the genotype (gUMs) has been claimed to exist among Spaniards and Southern Europeans. However, methodological aspects such as the inclusion of individuals carrying non-active multiplied alleles as gUMs may have led to an overestimation. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the gUM frequency (considering only those carrying more than two active genes) in 805 Spanish healthy volunteers studied for CYP2D6*2, *3, *4, *5, *6, *10, *17, *35, *41, and multiplications. Second, all worldwide studies reporting gUM frequencies were reviewed in order to evaluate potential misclassifications. The gUM frequency in this Spanish population was 5.34%, but increased to 8.3% if all individuals with CYP2D6 multiplications were classified as gUMs without considering the activity of the multiplied alleles. Moreover, among all reviewed worldwide studies only 55.6% precisely determined whether the multiplied alleles were active. Present results suggest that the evaluation of CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolism should be standarized, and that the frequency of gUMs should be reconsidered in Spaniards and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E G Naranjo
- CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
| | - F de Andrés
- CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
| | - A Delgado
- CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
| | - J Cobaleda
- CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain.,Primary Health Care Center 'Ciudad Jardín', Badajoz, Spain
| | - E M Peñas-Lledó
- CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
| | - A LLerena
- CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain.,CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Moya G, Dorado P, Ferreiro V, Naranjo MEG, Peñas-Lledó EM, LLerena A. High frequency of CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer genotypes in an Ashkenazi Jewish population from Argentina. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2016; 17:378-381. [PMID: 27068265 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A twofold higher frequency of CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers (estimated from genotype: gUMs) was reported among Ashkenazi Jews (AJ) living in New York (USA) than in other North American Caucasians, which might be important to guide the prescription for CYP2D6 substrates in AJ communities around the world. This study was aimed to determine whether the high frequency of CYP2D6 gUMs described in AJ from USA was replicated in AJ from Argentina when compared with other multiethnic admixture Argentines (GA). The frequency of the most common allelic variants and of CYP2D6 gUMs (>2 active genes) and poor metabolizers (0 active genes, gPMs) was also compared among the studied Argentine populations. CYP2D6 genotyping was performed in 173 AJ and 246 GA DNA samples of unrelated donors from the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires. CYP2D6 alleles (*2, *3, *4, *5, *6, *10, *17, *35, *41 and multiple copies), genotypes and functional phenotype frequencies were determined. The frequencies of gUMs and gPMs in AJ from Argentina were 11.5% and 5.2%, respectively, whereas in GA, the frequencies of gUM and gPMs were 6.5% and 4.9%, respectively. Comparisons between AJ and GA showed that gUMs frequencies were twofold higher (P<0.05) in AJ than GA. CYP2D6*35 allele was more frequent in GA than AJ, whereas CYP2D6*41 and *1xN were more frequent in AJ than in GA (P<0.05). This study supports the previously reported high frequency of gUMs on another Ashkenazi population in New York. The present findings also support the interethnic variability of CYP2D6 genetic polymorphism in the overall Argentine population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Moya
- CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain.,Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Beunos Aires, Argentina.,Genos Laboratory, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Dorado
- CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
| | - V Ferreiro
- Genos Laboratory, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M E G Naranjo
- CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
| | - E M Peñas-Lledó
- CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain
| | - A LLerena
- CICAB Clinical Research Center, Extremadura University and Medical School, Badajoz, Spain.,CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Céspedes-Garro C, Naranjo MEG, Ramírez R, Serrano V, Fariñas H, Barrantes R, LLerena A. Pharmacogenetics in Central American healthy volunteers: interethnic variability. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2015; 30:19-31. [PMID: 25490028 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2014-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ethnicity is one of the major factors involved in interindividual variability to drug response. This study aims to describe the frequency of the most relevant pharmacogenetic biomarkers and metabolic phenotypes in Central American healthy volunteers and to determine its interethnic variability. Twenty-six original research articles on allelic, genotypes or metabolic phenotype frequencies were analyzed, in which a total number of 7611 Central American healthy volunteers were included (6118 were analyzed for genotype and 1799 for metabolic phenotype). No reports were available for population from Belize and Honduras. The CYP2D6*4 and *5 frequencies in Amerindian populations from Costa Rica have shown to be among the highest frequencies so far reported in the world. Furthermore, NAT2*5 and *6 presented higher frequencies in admixed populations than in Amerindians, but, inversely, the NAT2*7 was more frequent in Amerindians compared to an admixed population. Likewise, different patterns of distribution have been shown in HLA-A*02, *03 and HLA-B*07 among Native populations from Latin America. Reports on Central American populations were also found for the CYP2C19, LDLR, CYP2E1, MDR1, G6PD, TP53, CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 biomarkers, but no data were available for the other 91 pharmacogenetic biomarkers revised in Central American populations. Differences in the frequency of some pharmacogenetic biomarkers and metabolic phenotypes were found, showing interethnic variability within Central American and with other Latin American populations.
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13
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Abstract
The use of khat (Catha edulis) while on medication may alter treatment outcome. In particular, the influence of khat on the metabolic activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes is not known. We performed a comparative 1-way crossover study to evaluate the effect of khat on cytochrome P450 (CYP)2D6 and CYP3A4 enzyme activity. After 1 week of khat abstinence, baseline CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 metabolic activities were determined in 40 Ethiopian male volunteers using 30 mg dextromethorphan (DM) as a probe drug and then repeated after 1 week of daily use of 400 g fresh khat leaves. Urinary concentrations of cathinone and cathine were determined to monitor the subjects' compliance to the study protocol. Genotyping for CYP2D6*3 and CYP2D6*4 was done. Plasma DM, dextrorphan and 3-methoxymorphinan concentrations were quantified. CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzyme activities were assessed by comparing plasma log DM/dextrorphan and log DM/methoxymorphinan metabolic ratio (MR) respectively in the presence and absence of khat. Cytochrome 2D6 MR was significantly increased from baseline by concurrent khat use (paired t test, P = 0.003; geometric mean ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.12-1.53). Moreover, the inhibition of CYP2D6 activity by khat was more pronounced in CYP2D6*1/*1 compared with CYP2D6*1/*4 genotypes (P = 0.01). A marginal inhibition of CYP3A4 activity in the presence of khat was observed (P = 0.24). The mean percentage increase of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 MR from baseline by khat use was 46% (95% CI, 20-72) and 31% (95% CI, 8-54), respectively. This is the first report linking khat use with significant inhibition of CYP2D6 metabolic activity in humans.
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14
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Varela N, Quiñones LA, Stojanova J, Garay J, Cáceres D, Cespedes S, Sasso J, Miranda C. Characterization of the CYP2D6 drug metabolizing phenotypes of the Chilean mestizo population through polymorphism analyses. Pharmacol Res 2015. [PMID: 26211952 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We tested the influence of four polymorphisms and gene duplication in CYP2D6 on in vivo enzyme activity in a Chilean mestizo population in order to identify the most relevant genetic profiles that account for observed phenotypes in this ethnic group. CYP2D6*2 (2850C>T), *3 (2549A>del), *4 (1846G>A), *17 (1023C>T) and gene duplication were determined by PCR-RFLP or PCRL in a group of 321 healthy volunteers. Individuals with different variant alleles were phenotyped by determining debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase activity as a metabolic ratio (MR) using a validated HPLC assay. Minor allele frequencies were 0.41, 0.01, 0.12 and 0.00 for CYP2D6*2, *3, *4 and *17 variants, respectively, and the duplication frequency was 0.003. Genotype analysis correlated with phenotypes in 18 of 23 subjects (78.3%). 11 subjects were extensive metabolizers (EM), 8 were intermediate metabolizers (IM), 2 were poor metabolizers (PM) and 2 were ultra-rapid metabolizers (UM) which is fairly coincident with expected phenotypes metabolic ratios ranged from 0.11 to 126.41. The influence of CYP2D6*3 was particularly notable, although only heterozygote carriers were present in our population. Individuals homozygous for *4 were always PM. As expected, the only subject with gene duplication was UM. In conclusion, there was a clear effect of genotype on observed CYP2D6 activity. Classification of EM, PM and UM through genotyping was useful to characterize CYP2D6 phenotype in the Chilean mestizo population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Varela
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, ICBM, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile; Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Luis A Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, ICBM, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile.
| | - Jana Stojanova
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, ICBM, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Joselyn Garay
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, ICBM, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Dante Cáceres
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, ICBM, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile; Environmental Health Program, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Silvia Cespedes
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, ICBM, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Jaime Sasso
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, ICBM, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Carla Miranda
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, ICBM, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile
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15
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Perez-Paramo YX, Hernandez-Cabrera F, Dorado P, Llerena A, Muñoz-Jimenez S, Ortiz-Lopez R, Rojas-Martinez A. Interethnic relationships of CYP2D6 variants in native and Mestizo populations sharing the same ecosystem. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:703-12. [PMID: 25941923 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyze the distribution of CYP2D6 variants in two ethnically-related Mexican Native and Mestizo populations cohabitating the same econiche and their relationships with a distant Mestizo community. MATERIALS & METHODS 314 volunteers were genotyped for CYP2D6 gene variants (*2, *3, *4, *6, *10, *13, *17, *35 and *41) using predesigned TaqMan probes. CYP2D6*5 and CYP2D6 wtxN were assessed by XL-PCR. RESULTS CYP2D6*1, *2, *4 and *10 variants represented above 80.9% of total alleles. Chiapanecan communities showed low allele diversity compared with the northeastern population. Principal component analyses demonstrated clustering of both Mestizo populations. Variants associated to ultrarapid and poor metabolism were rare in Natives. CONCLUSION Sharing of CYP2D6 alleles in both Chiapanecan populations suggests an ongoing gene-flow. Original submitted 8 December 2014; Revision submitted 13 February 2015.
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Sosa-Macias M, Moya GE, LLerena A, Ramírez R, Terán E, Peñas-LLedó EM, Tarazona-Santos E, Galaviz-Hernández C, Céspedes-Garro C, Acosta H. Population pharmacogenetics of Ibero-Latinoamerican populations (MESTIFAR 2014). Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:673-6. [PMID: 25929854 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MESTIFAR 2014 28-30 November 2014, Panama City, Panama The CEIBA consortium was created within the Ibero-American network of Pharmacogenetics (RIBEF) to study population pharmacogenetics. The current status of these initiatives and results of the MESTIFAR project were analyzed in Panama, 28-30 November 2014. The MESTIFAR project focused on studying CYPs genetic polymorphisms in populations of different ethnic origin. So far, more than 6000 healthy volunteers have been evaluated, making this one of the largest population pharmacogenomic studies worldwide. Three symposia were organized, 'Pharmacogenetics of indigenous and mestizos populations and its clinical implications', 'Methodological innovation in pharmacogenetics and its application in health', and 'General discussion and concluding remarks', about mechanisms and proposals for training, diffusion of pharmacogenetics for Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking health professionals, and 'bench to bedside' pilot projects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ronald Ramírez
- 5UNAN-León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua
| | - Enrique Terán
- 6USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
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Lazalde-Ramos BP, Martínez-Fierro MDLL, Galaviz-Hernández C, Garza-Veloz I, Naranjo MEG, Sosa-Macías M, Llerena A. CYP2D6 gene polymorphisms and predicted phenotypes in eight indigenous groups from northwestern Mexico. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 15:339-48. [PMID: 24533713 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Polymorphisms in CYP2D6 impact the interindividual and interethnic variability of drug efficiency; therefore, we determined the CYP2D6 allele distribution in eight Amerindian groups from northwestern Mexico and compared them with the frequencies in Mexican Mestizos. MATERIALS & METHODS A total of 508 Amerindians were studied. Genotyping of CYP2D6*5 and multiplication alleles was performed by long-range PCR, while CYP2D6*2, *3, *4, *6, *10, *17, *29, *35, *41 and copy number were evaluated by real-time PCR. RESULTS The most frequent alleles were CYP2D6*2 (0.05-0.28), CYP2D6*4 (0.003-0.21) and multiplications (0.043-0.107). CYP2D6*5, *6, * 10 and *41 were not observed in the majority of Amerindians, and CYP2D6*3, *17, *35 and *29 were not detected. The poor metabolizer genotype ( *4/*5) was lower (0.2%) in Amerindians than in Mestizos (5%); conversely, the ultrarapid metabolizer genotype was higher (12.6%) in indigenous groups than in Mestizos (7%). CONCLUSION Our data show a lower frequency of CYP2D6 inactive alleles and a higher frequency of duplication/multiplication of CYP2D6 active alleles in indigenous populations that in Mestizos. Original submitted 14 August 2013; Revision submitted 7 October 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Patricia Lazalde-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México
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18
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LLerena A, Naranjo MEG, Rodrigues-Soares F, Penas-LLedó EM, Fariñas H, Tarazona-Santos E. Interethnic variability ofCYP2D6alleles and of predicted and measured metabolic phenotypes across world populations. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:1569-83. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.964204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Qian JC, Xu XM, Hu GX, Dai DP, Xu RA, Hu LM, Li FH, Zhang XH, Yang JF, Cai JP. Genetic variations of human CYP2D6 in the Chinese Han population. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 14:1731-43. [PMID: 24192122 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic polymorphisms of the CYP2D6 gene and to elucidate the allele distribution pattern in the Chinese Han population. Materials & methods: We used PCR and bidirectional sequencing methods to analyze all nine exons of the CYP2D6 gene in 2129 unrelated, healthy Chinese Han subjects from two geographical locations in China: the northern and southern regions. Results: In total, 165 mutated sites were detected in 2129 participants, of which 67 sites were reported for the first time. Among these novel mutation sites, 22 were nonsynonymous and 12 were named as novel alleles (*87–*93, *94A, *94B and *95–*98) by the Human CYP Allele Nomenclature Committee. In addition, 29 previously reported alleles and 84 genotypes were also detected in 1954 volunteers. Functional prediction of novel variants revealed that eight variants might have a deleterious effect on CYP2D6. Linkage disequilibrium analysis and tagSNP selection were performed separately. By using these methods, distinct differences were found between the two regions. Conclusion: This study provides the most comprehensive data concerning CYP2D6 polymorphisms in the Chinese Han population to date and increases the number of known alleles; these findings may greatly contribute to the development of personalized medicine for the Chinese Han population. Original submitted 1 January 2013; Revision submitted 14 August 2013
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Chang Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, No. 1, Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing 100730, PR China and Graduate School, Wenzhou Medical University, University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Xin-Min Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, No. 1, Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing 100730, PR China and Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Guo-Xin Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wenzhou Medical University, University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Da-Peng Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, No. 1, Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Ren-Ai Xu
- Graduate School, Wenzhou Medical University, University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China and Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Li-Ming Hu
- Graduate School, Wenzhou Medical University, University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Fang-Hong Li
- Center of Healthcare, Wenzhou Medical University, University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Xiu-Hua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Jie-Fu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, No. 1, Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, No. 1, Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing 100730, PR China
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Montané Jaime LK, Lalla A, Steimer W, Gaedigk A. Characterization of the CYP2D6 gene locus and metabolic activity in Indo- and Afro-Trinidadians: discovery of novel allelic variants. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 14:261-76. [PMID: 23394389 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The highly polymorphic CYP2D6 gene has extensively been studied in many populations, but there is a void of knowledge regarding CYP2D6 pharmacogenetics and activity in populations with unique ancestries and admixture, such as those residing in Trinidad and Tobago. MATERIALS & METHODS 167 healthy Indo- and 103 Afro-Trinidadians were phenotyped with dextromethorphan and extensively genotyped. Gene resequencing was performed to resolve cases with genotype/phenotype discordance. RESULTS CYP2D6 activity did not differ between the Indo-Trinidadians and Afro-Trinidadians. Poor metabolizers were, however, more frequent in the Indo-Trinidadians (4.19 vs 1.94%), and unique allele frequency patterns were observed. Two novel nonfunctional allelic variants were found among the Indo-Trinidadians in two discordant cases. CYP2D6*100 is characterized by a single nucleotide deletion and CYP2D6*101 by a 19-bp deletion; both cause frameshifts. CONCLUSION Our study underscores the importance of thoroughly characterizing the genetic make up of unique populations when considering pharmacogenetic testing for individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazara Karelia Montané Jaime
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of The West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago.
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de Andrés F, Sosa-Macías M, Lazalde-Ramos BP, Naranjo MEG, Tarazona-Santos E, LLerena A. Evaluation of drug-metabolizing enzyme hydroxylation phenotypes in Hispanic populations: the CEIBA cocktail. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 28:135-46. [DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2013-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Dorado P, Machín E, de Andrés F, Naranjo MEG, Peñas-Lledó EM, LLerena A. Development of a HPLC method for the determination of losartan urinary metabolic ratio to be used for the determination of CYP2C9 hydroxylation phenotypes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 27:217-33. [DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2012-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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