1
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Argov Z. Statins in hereditary myopathies: to give or not to give. Neuromuscul Disord 2024; 41:35-39. [PMID: 38889624 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is not uncommon in patients with hereditary myopathies who get older and also in several conditions in which it is frequently observed. Thus, using the common cholesterol reducing medications of the stains group could be considered. However, the side effects of these drugs include myalgia, myopathy and rhabdomyolysis typically associated with high serum creatine kinase (CK). Because high CK levels are very frequently found in hereditary myopathies, physicians are reluctant to use statins in such patients. Reviewing the literature about statin side effects in hereditary myopathies does not provide a clear evidence about the true risk of these drugs. This review critically describes the reported cases of statin side effects in several genetic myopathies and suggests some guidelines for conditions that are contra indicated for statin usage (particularly in mitochondrial disorders, metabolic myopathies, myotonic dystrophy type 2). Possible solutions to the dilemma of whether to use statins in hereditary myopathies are discussed (prescribing other cholesterol lowering agents and a carefully monitored treatment initiation of statins).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Argov
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center and the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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2
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Bin X, Wang B, Tang Z. Malignant Hyperthermia: A Killer If Ignored. J Perianesth Nurs 2022; 37:435-444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Gonzalez A, Iles TL, Iaizzo PA, Bandschapp O. Impact of statin intake on malignant hyperthermia: an in vitro and in vivo swine study. BMC Anesthesiol 2020; 20:270. [PMID: 33096987 PMCID: PMC7585199 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-020-01186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Statin intake is associated with muscular side effects, among which the unmasking of latent myopathies and of malignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptibility have been reported. These findings, together with experimental data in small animals, prompt speculation that statin therapy may compromise the performance of skeletal muscle during diagnostic in vitro contracture tests (IVCT). In addition, statins might reduce triggering thresholds in susceptible individuals (MHS), or exacerbate MH progression. We sought to obtain empirical data to address these questions. Methods We compared the responses of 3 different muscles from untreated or simvastatin treated MHS and non-susceptible (MHN) pigs. MHS animals were also invasively monitored for signs of impending MH during sevoflurane anesthesia. Results Muscles from statin treated MHS pigs responded with enhanced in vitro contractures to halothane, while responses to caffeine were unaltered by the treatment. Neither agent elicited contractures in muscles from statin treated MHN pigs. In vivo, end- tide pCO2, hemodynamic evolution, plasma pH, potassium and lactate concentrations consistently pointed to mild acceleration of MH development in statin-treated pigs, whereas masseter spasm and rigor faded compared to untreated MHS animals. Conclusions The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the IVCT remains unchanged by a short-term simvastatin treatment in MHS swine. Evidence of modest enhancement in cardiovascular and metabolic signs of MH, as well as masked pathognomonic muscle rigor observed under simvastatin therapy suggest a potentially misleading influence on the clinical presentation of MH. The findings deserve further study to include other statins and therapeutic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asensio Gonzalez
- Department for Anesthesia, Interdisciplinary Intermediate Care, Prehospital Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tinen L Iles
- Department of Surgery and Integrative Biology and Physiology, Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Paul A Iaizzo
- Department of Surgery and Integrative Biology and Physiology, Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Oliver Bandschapp
- Department for Anesthesia, Interdisciplinary Intermediate Care, Prehospital Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.
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4
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Nikolic D, Banach M, Chianetta R, Luzzu LM, Pantea Stoian A, Diaconu CC, Citarrella R, Montalto G, Rizzo M. An overview of statin-induced myopathy and perspectives for the future. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2020; 19:601-615. [PMID: 32233708 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2020.1747431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Statins remain the most commonly prescribed lipid-lowering drug class for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Their well-recognized side effects are known as statin-associated muscle symptom (SAMS). Some advances in this field have been made in recent years, but the understanding of the mechanisms has lagged. Investigating the specific role of the anti-HMGCR autoantibody, pharmacokinetic genetic variants, characterization of the known phenotypes of statin toxicity, in relation to clinical markers of disease, is of high importance.Areas covered: We summarized currently available findings (on PubMed) related to SAMS and discussed the therapeutic approaches, risk factors, drug interactions, potential novel systems, algorithms and biomarkers for SAMS detection. CoQ10 supplementation has been suggested as a complementary approach to manage SAMS, while vitamin D levels may be useful for both the diagnosis and management.Expert Opinion/Commentary: Further studies might help to understand the easiest way to diagnose SAMS, suitable prevention and an effective non-statin therapy. This review sheds new light on the future directions in both research and clinical practice, which will help with rapid risk assessment, identification of the SAMS risk factors in order to decrease the incidence of statins' adverse effects, and the most effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Nikolic
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,BELSS, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Roberta Chianetta
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,BELSS, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Marco Luzzu
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Cristina Diaconu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Internal Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roberto Citarrella
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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5
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Gulcan HO, Yigitkan S, Orhan IE. The Natural Products as Hydroxymethylglutaryl-Coa Reductase Inhibitors. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666181112144353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High cholesterol and triglyceride levels are mainly related to further generation of lifethreating
metabolism disorders including cardiovascular system diseases. Therefore,
hypercholesterolemia (i.e., also referred to as hyperlipoproteinemia) is a serious disease state, which
must be controlled. Currently, the treatment of hypercholesterolemia is mainly achieved through the
employment of statins in the clinic, although there are alternative drugs (e.g., ezetimibe,
cholestyramine). In fact, the original statins are natural products directly obtained from fungi-like
molds and mushrooms and they are potent inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase, the
key enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. This review focuses on the first identification of
natural statins, their synthetic and semi-synthetic analogues, and the validation of
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase as a target in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
Furthermore, other natural products that have been shown to possess the potential to inhibit
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase are also reviewed with respect to their chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayrettin Ozan Gulcan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, TRNC, via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yigitkan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, 06330 Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
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6
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Venturi E, Lindsay C, Lotteau S, Yang Z, Steer E, Witschas K, Wilson AD, Wickens JR, Russell AJ, Steele D, Calaghan S, Sitsapesan R. Simvastatin activates single skeletal RyR1 channels but exerts more complex regulation of the cardiac RyR2 isoform. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:938-952. [PMID: 29278865 PMCID: PMC5825303 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Statins are amongst the most widely prescribed drugs for those at risk of cardiovascular disease, lowering cholesterol levels by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase. Although effective at preventing cardiovascular disease, statin use is associated with muscle weakness, myopathies and, occasionally, fatal rhabdomyolysis. As simvastatin, a commonly prescribed statin, promotes Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles, we investigated if simvastatin directly activates skeletal (RyR1) and cardiac (RyR2) ryanodine receptors. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH RyR1 and RyR2 single-channel behaviour was investigated after incorporation of sheep cardiac or mouse skeletal SR into planar phospholipid bilayers under voltage-clamp conditions. LC-MS was used to monitor the kinetics of interconversion of simvastatin between hydroxy-acid and lactone forms during these experiments. Cardiac and skeletal myocytes were permeabilised to examine simvastatin modulation of SR Ca2+ release. KEY RESULTS Hydroxy acid simvastatin (active at HMG-CoA reductase) significantly and reversibly increased RyR1 open probability (Po) and shifted the distribution of Ca2+ spark frequency towards higher values in skeletal fibres. In contrast, simvastatin reduced RyR2 Po and shifted the distribution of spark frequency towards lower values in ventricular cardiomyocytes. The lactone pro-drug form of simvastatin (inactive at HMG-CoA reductase) also activated RyR1, suggesting that the HMG-CoA inhibitor pharmacophore was not responsible for RyR1 activation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Simvastatin interacts with RyR1 to increase SR Ca2+ release and thus may contribute to its reported adverse effects on skeletal muscle. The ability of low concentrations of simvastatin to reduce RyR2 Po may also protect against Ca2+ -dependent arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Venturi
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Chris Lindsay
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Zhaokang Yang
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Emma Steer
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | | | | | - James R Wickens
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Angela J Russell
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Derek Steele
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
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7
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Ramos-Fransi A, Martínez-Piñeiro A, Almendrote M, Lucente G, Carrato C, Ballester-Lopez A, Lucia A, Pintos-Morell G, Nogales-Gadea G, Coll-Cantí J. Myotilinopathy unmasked by statin treatment: A case report. Muscle Nerve 2018; 57:E138-E140. [PMID: 29350769 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Ramos-Fransi
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Grup de Recerca en Malalties Neuromusculars i Neuropediatriques, Department of Neurosciences, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Alicia Martínez-Piñeiro
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Grup de Recerca en Malalties Neuromusculars i Neuropediatriques, Department of Neurosciences, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Míriam Almendrote
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Grup de Recerca en Malalties Neuromusculars i Neuropediatriques, Department of Neurosciences, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Lucente
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Grup de Recerca en Malalties Neuromusculars i Neuropediatriques, Department of Neurosciences, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrato
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Alfonsina Ballester-Lopez
- Grup de Recerca en Malalties Neuromusculars i Neuropediatriques, Department of Neurosciences, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillem Pintos-Morell
- Grup de Recerca en Malalties Neuromusculars i Neuropediatriques, Department of Neurosciences, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Gisela Nogales-Gadea
- Grup de Recerca en Malalties Neuromusculars i Neuropediatriques, Department of Neurosciences, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaume Coll-Cantí
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Grup de Recerca en Malalties Neuromusculars i Neuropediatriques, Department of Neurosciences, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Abstract
This review identifies disease states associated with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility based on genotypic and phenotypic findings, and a framework is established for clinicians to identify a potentially malignant hyperthermia–susceptible patient.
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9
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Ramachandran R, Wierzbicki AS. Statins, Muscle Disease and Mitochondria. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6080075. [PMID: 28757597 PMCID: PMC5575577 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6080075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for >17 million deaths globally every year, and this figure is predicted to rise to >23 million by 2030. Numerous studies have explored the relationship between cholesterol and CVD and there is now consensus that dyslipidaemia is a causal factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Statins have become the cornerstone of the management of dyslipidaemia. Statins have proved to have a very good safety profile. The risk of adverse events is small compared to the benefits. Nevertheless, the potential risk of an adverse event occurring must be considered when prescribing and monitoring statin therapy to individual patients. Statin-associated muscle disease (SAMS) is by far the most studied and the most common reason for discontinuation of therapy. The reported incidence varies greatly, ranging between 5% and 29%. Milder disease is common and the more serious form, rhabdomyolysis is far rarer with an incidence of approximately 1 in 10,000. The pathophysiology of, and mechanisms leading to SAMS, are yet to be fully understood. Literature points towards statin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction as the most likely cause of SAMS. However, the exact processes leading to mitochondrial dysfunction are not yet fully understood. This paper details some of the different aetiological hypotheses put forward, focussing particularly on those related to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Ramachandran
- Departments of Chemical Pathology/Metabolic Medicine, Guys and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK.
- Adult Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Evelina, Guys and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Anthony S Wierzbicki
- Departments of Chemical Pathology/Metabolic Medicine, Guys and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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10
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Ye Z, Su Q, Li L. The clinical effect of nicorandil on perioperative myocardial protection in patients undergoing elective PCI: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45117. [PMID: 28322321 PMCID: PMC5359672 DOI: 10.1038/srep45117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many scholars have studied the effect of nicorandil on perioperative myocardial protection in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but results are inconsistent. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis. Finally, 16 articles, including 1616 patients, were included into this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis results showed that: (1) Nicorandil can reduce the level of CK-MB after PCI, including at 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours and 24 hours. (2) Nicorandil can reduce the level of TnT after PCI, including at 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours and 24 hours. (3) Nicorandil can reduce the incidence of adverse reactions after PCI. (4) Nicorandil cannot reduce the level of MVP after PCI, including at 12 hours and 24 hours. (5) Subgroup analysis showed that nicorandil can reduce CK-MB and TnT level at 24 hours after PCI for Chinese's population (P < 0.05), but can not reduce CK-MB and TnT level at 24 hours after PCI for non Chinese's population (P > 0.05). Our meta-analysis indicate that nicorandil can reduce myocardial injury and reduce the incidence of adverse reaction caused by PCI for Chinese's population, but is not obvious for non Chinese's population. However, this conclusion still needs to be confirmed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Ye
- Department of cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cardiovascular institue, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Qiang Su
- Department of cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cardiovascular institue, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Lang Li
- Department of cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cardiovascular institue, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
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11
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STRÁNECKÝ V, NEŘOLDOVÁ M, HODAŇOVÁ K, HARTMANNOVÁ H, PIHEROVÁ L, ZEMÁNKOVÁ P, PŘISTOUPILOVÁ A, VRABLÍK M, ADÁMKOVÁ M, KMOCH S, JIRSA M. Large Copy-Number Variations in Patients With Statin-Associated Myopathy Affecting Statin Myopathy-Related Loci. Physiol Res 2016; 65:1005-1011. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Some patients are susceptible to statin-associated myopathy (SAM) either because of genetic variations affecting statin uptake and metabolism, or because they predispose their carriers to muscular diseases. Among the frequent variants examined using the genome-wide association study approach, SLCO1B1 c.521T>C represents the only validated predictor of SAM in patients treated with high-dose simvastatin. Our aim was to ascertain the overall contribution of large copy-number variations (CNVs) to SAM diagnosed in 86 patients. CNVs were detected by whole genome genotyping using Illumina HumanOmni2.5 Exome BeadChips. Exome sequence data were used for validation of CNVs in SAM-related loci. In addition, we performed a specific search for CNVs in the SLCO1B region detected recently in Rotor syndrome subjects. Rare deletions possibly contributing to genetic predisposition to SAM were found in two patients: one removed EYS associated previously with SAM, the other was present in LARGE associated with congenital muscular dystrophy. Another two patients carried deletions in CYP2C19, which may predispose to clopidogrel-statin interactions. We found no common large CNVs potentially associated with SAM and no CNVs in the SLCO1B locus. Our findings suggest that large CNVs do not play a substantial role in the etiology of SAM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M. JIRSA
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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12
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Mancini GJ, Baker S, Bergeron J, Fitchett D, Frohlich J, Genest J, Gupta M, Hegele RA, Ng D, Pearson GJ, Pope J, Tashakkor AY. Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management of Statin Adverse Effects and Intolerance: Canadian Consensus Working Group Update (2016). Can J Cardiol 2016; 32:S35-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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13
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Neřoldová M, Stránecký V, Hodaňová K, Hartmannová H, Piherová L, Přistoupilová A, Mrázová L, Vrablík M, Adámková V, Hubáček JA, Jirsa M, Kmoch S. Rare variants in known and novel candidate genes predisposing to statin-associated myopathy. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:1405-14. [PMID: 27296017 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Genetic variants affecting statin uptake, metabolism or predisposing to muscular diseases may confer susceptibility to statin-induced myopathy. Besides the SLCO1B1 rs4149056 genotype, common genetic variants do not seem to determine statin-associated myopathy. Here we aimed to address the potential role of rare variants. METHODS We performed whole exome sequencing in 88 individuals suffering from statin-associated myopathy and assessed the burden of rare variants using candidate-gene and exome-wide association analysis. RESULTS In the novel candidate gene CLCN1, we identified a heterozygote truncating mutation p.R894* in four patients. In addition, we detected predictably pathogenic case-specific variants in MYOT, CYP3A5, SH3TC2, FBXO32 and RBM20. CONCLUSION These findings support the role of rare variants and nominate loci for follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdaléna Neřoldová
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Stránecký
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Hodaňová
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hartmannová
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Piherová
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Přistoupilová
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Mrázová
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vrablík
- Third Medical Department, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University & General Faculty Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Adámková
- Preventive Cardiology Department, Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav A Hubáček
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jirsa
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kmoch
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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