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Berardelli I, Amerio A, Bartoli F, Cuomo A, Deste G, Orsolini L, Sampogna G, Pompili M. Rethinking the role of trazodone in the different depressive dimensions. Expert Rev Neurother 2024; 24:619-632. [PMID: 38881379 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2363843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The efficacy of trazodone for several psychopathologic dimensions of depression has been shown in the literature. Trazodone has been widely used in some clinical contexts (e.g. for insomnia and depression in the elderly). However, the role of trazodone in several aspects of depression is not well known. AREA COVERED Eight experts from academic and medical centers across Italy met to identify the difficulties and barriers faced in daily clinical practice in the assessment and management of major depressive disorder and how the use of trazodone could address some unmet needs. The objective of the expert meetings and the present document was to increase knowledge of particular areas of treatment with trazodone. EXPERT OPINION Evidence of the role of trazodone in patients affected by major depressive disorder with anxiety symptoms, insomnia, agitation, cognitive deficits, alcohol use disorders, physical comorbidities, and suicide risk has been identified, showing the effectiveness of trazodone in different presentations of major depressive disorder. The main characteristics of patients with depression for whom trazodone seems to be most effective have been identified, providing clinicians with information on possible uses of this drug in such population of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Berardelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Amerio
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cuomo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giacomo Deste
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Italy
| | - Laura Orsolini
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences/DIMSC, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Mills J. The Use of Trazodone for Insomnia and Other Sleep Disturbances. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2024; 45:658-662. [PMID: 38843027 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2024.2356501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Mills
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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Bedward A, Kaur J, Seedat S, Donohue H, Kow CS, Rasheed MK, Javed A, Hasan SS. Pharmacological interventions to improve sleep in people with Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Expert Rev Neurother 2024; 24:527-539. [PMID: 38597219 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2341004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving pharmacological interventions for improving sleep in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS A systematic literature search in eight databases from January 2000 to July 2023 focusing on RCTs that compared a pharmacological intervention with a placebo for enhancing sleep in people with AD. The authors registered the study protocol at Prospero, followed the PRISMA guidelines, and produced the pooled estimates using random-effect or IVhet models. RESULTS Eight different interventions and 29 different sleep outcomes were examined in 14 RCTs included in this review. Eszopiclone positively affected sleep efficiency, as did orexin antagonists. However, there was no difference when melatonin was used. The interventions demonstrated low discontinuation rates and a few adverse drug reactions. CONCLUSION Although melatonin was the most investigated intervention, the evidence for its efficacy is inconclusive. On the other hand, trazodone and orexin receptor antagonists showed promising results; however, more RCTs are needed for definite answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Bedward
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Jasmine Kaur
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Sadiyah Seedat
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Holly Donohue
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Chia Siang Kow
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Kamran Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amaan Javed
- University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Shahzad Hasan
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, UK
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Stanley ME, Ehsan A, Sodha NR, Sellke FW. History of Psychoactive Medication a Risk Factor for Neurocognitive Decline After Cardiac Surgery. J Surg Res 2024; 295:414-422. [PMID: 38070255 PMCID: PMC10922466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurocognitive decline (NCD) is a common complication after cardiac surgery with implications for outcomes and quality of life. Identifying risk factors can help surgeons implement preventative measures, optimize modifiable risk factors, and counsel patients about risk and prognosis. METHODS Prospective cohort study at a single academic center. 104 patients planned to undergo cardiac surgery were enrolled. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was used to measure neurocognitive function preoperatively, on postoperative day four, and postoperative day 30. NCD is defined as a change in RBANS scaled score of < -8 from baseline to postoperative day 4. Patient charts were reviewed for medication history: beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, statins, oral hypoglycemic agents, and psychoactive medications. Charts were also reviewed to calculate postoperative opioid usage. RESULTS NCD was detected in 42.9% of patients. Incidence of NCD was significantly higher in patients taking a psychoactive medication (56.8%) than patients not (31.9%), P < 0.03. There was no relationship between historical use of beta-blocker, calcium-channel blocker, statin, or oral hypoglycemic medications and incidence of NCD. Simple linear regression showed no relationship between change in RBANS total scaled score and opioid usage. There was no difference in incidence of NCD at 1 mo. CONCLUSIONS Patients with a history of taking psychoactive medications prior to cardiac surgery have an increased risk of acute postoperative NCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madigan E Stanley
- Divison of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.
| | - Afshin Ehsan
- Divison of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Neel R Sodha
- Divison of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Divison of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
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Singh S, Mahajan M, Kumar D, Singh K, Chowdhary M, Amit. An inclusive study of recent advancements in Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review. Neuropeptides 2023; 102:102369. [PMID: 37611472 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has remained elusive in revealing its pathophysiology and mechanism of development. In this review paper, we attempt to highlight several theories that abound about the exact pathway of AD development. The number of cases worldwide has prompted a constant flow of research to detect high-risk patients, slow the progression of the disease and discover improved methods of treatment that may prove effective. We shall focus on the two main classes of drugs that are currently in use; and emerging ones with novel mechanisms that are under development. As of late there has also been increased attention towards factors that were previously thought to be unrelated to AD, such as the gut microbiome, lifestyle habits, and diet. Studies have now shown that all these factors make an impact on AD progression, thus bringing to our attention more areas that could hold the key to combating this disease. This paper covers all the aforementioned factors concisely. We also briefly explore the relationship between mental health and AD, both before and after the diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Singh
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mitali Mahajan
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Dhawal Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Kunika Singh
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mehvish Chowdhary
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Amit
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Ľupták M, Fišar Z, Hroudová J. Different Effects of SSRIs, Bupropion, and Trazodone on Mitochondrial Functions and Monoamine Oxidase Isoform Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1208. [PMID: 37371937 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders and can be used as a modulator and/or predictor of treatment responsiveness. Understanding the mitochondrial effects of antidepressants is important to connect mitochondria with their therapeutic and/or adverse effects. Pig brain-isolated mitochondria were used to evaluate antidepressant-induced changes in the activity of electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, monoamine oxidase (MAO), mitochondrial respiratory rate, and ATP. Bupropion, escitalopram, fluvoxamine, sertraline, paroxetine, and trazodone were tested. All tested antidepressants showed significant inhibition of complex I and IV activities at high concentrations (50 and 100 µmol/L); complex II + III activity was reduced by all antidepressants except bupropion. Complex I-linked respiration was reduced by escitalopram >> trazodone >> sertraline. Complex II-linked respiration was reduced only by bupropion. Significant positive correlations were confirmed between complex I-linked respiration and the activities of individual ETC complexes. MAO activity was inhibited by all tested antidepressants, with SSRIs causing a greater effect than trazodone and bupropion. The results indicate a probable association between the adverse effects of high doses of antidepressants and drug-induced changes in the activity of ETC complexes and the respiratory rate of mitochondria. In contrast, MAO inhibition could be linked to the antidepressant, procognitive, and neuroprotective effects of the tested antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Ľupták
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hroudová
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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Chen K, Li H, Yang L, Jiang Y, Wang Q, Zhang J, He J. Comparative efficacy and safety of antidepressant therapy for the agitation of dementia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1103039. [PMID: 36936502 PMCID: PMC10020338 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1103039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dementia is a clinical syndrome commonly seen in the elderly individuals. With the prevalence of dementia, the incidence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia patients is increasing annually. Agitation, as one of the neuropsychiatric symptoms, has a serious impact on the quality of life of patients with dementia. Several antidepressant drugs have been shown to be effective for treating agitated behavior symptoms in patients with dementia, but there are no direct comparisons among those drugs. Therefore, we carried out a network meta-analysis (NMA) to examine the efficacy and safety of those antidepressant drugs. Methods We searched eight databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database and China biomedical literature service) from their inception to 6 November 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the efficacy and safety of antidepressant drugs in treating agitated behavior symptoms in patients with dementia were included in our analysis. The quality assessment was carried out by two researchers individually and the analysis was based on the frequency method. Results Twelve articles with 1,146 participants were included in our analysis. Based on the outcome of the agitation score, treatment with citalopram (standardized mean difference, SMD = -0.44, 95% confidence interval, 95% CI = -0.72 to -0.16) showed significant benefits over the placebo group. Treatment with trazodone (odds ratio, OR = 4.58, 95% CI = 1.12-18.69) was associated with a higher risk of total adverse events compared with a placebo treatment. Conclusion Among the antidepressant drugs included in this study, treatment with citalopram was probably the only optimal intervention, when considering the improvement from baseline to the end of the intervention, and there was not a statistically significant difference in safety when compared with a placebo treatment. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails, identifier: PROSPERO, CRD42022320932.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Chen
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiqi Li
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiaoli Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinting He
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Jinting He
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Synthesis of tetracyclic thienotriazolopyridines based on hydrazine derivatives of fused pyridinethiones. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Sidhom E, O’Brien JT, Butcher AJ, Smith HL, Mallucci GR, Underwood BR. Targeting the Unfolded Protein Response as a Disease-Modifying Pathway in Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2021. [PMID: 35216136 PMCID: PMC8877151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a global medical and societal challenge; it has devastating personal, social and economic costs, which will increase rapidly as the world's population ages. Despite this, there are no disease-modifying treatments for dementia; current therapy modestly improves symptoms but does not change the outcome. Therefore, new treatments are urgently needed-particularly any that can slow down the disease's progression. Many of the neurodegenerative diseases that lead to dementia are characterised by common pathological responses to abnormal protein production and misfolding in brain cells, raising the possibility of the broad application of therapeutics that target these common processes. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is one such mechanism. The UPR is a highly conserved cellular stress response to abnormal protein folding and is widely dysregulated in neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we describe the basic machinery of the UPR, as well as the evidence for its overactivation and pathogenicity in dementia, and for the marked neuroprotective effects of its therapeutic manipulation in murine models of these disorders. We discuss drugs identified as potential UPR-modifying therapeutic agents-in particular the licensed antidepressant trazodone-and we review epidemiological and trial data from their use in human populations. Finally, we explore future directions for investigating the potential benefit of using trazodone or similar UPR-modulating compounds for disease modification in patients with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Sidhom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK; (E.S.); (A.J.B.); (H.L.S.); (G.R.M.)
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Windsor Research Unit, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge CB21 5EF, UK
- Gnodde Goldman Sachs Translational Neuroscience Unit, Windsor Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - John T. O’Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Forvie Site, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK;
| | - Adrian J. Butcher
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK; (E.S.); (A.J.B.); (H.L.S.); (G.R.M.)
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Heather L. Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK; (E.S.); (A.J.B.); (H.L.S.); (G.R.M.)
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Giovanna R. Mallucci
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK; (E.S.); (A.J.B.); (H.L.S.); (G.R.M.)
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Benjamin R. Underwood
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Windsor Research Unit, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge CB21 5EF, UK
- Gnodde Goldman Sachs Translational Neuroscience Unit, Windsor Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Forvie Site, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK;
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Chyr J, Gong H, Zhou X. DOTA: Deep Learning Optimal Transport Approach to Advance Drug Repositioning for Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:196. [PMID: 35204697 PMCID: PMC8961573 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of age-related dementia, affecting over 5 million people in the United States and incurring a substantial global healthcare cost. Unfortunately, current treatments are only palliative and do not cure AD. There is an urgent need to develop novel anti-AD therapies; however, drug discovery is a time-consuming, expensive, and high-risk process. Drug repositioning, on the other hand, is an attractive approach to identify drugs for AD treatment. Thus, we developed a novel deep learning method called DOTA (Drug repositioning approach using Optimal Transport for Alzheimer's disease) to repurpose effective FDA-approved drugs for AD. Specifically, DOTA consists of two major autoencoders: (1) a multi-modal autoencoder to integrate heterogeneous drug information and (2) a Wasserstein variational autoencoder to identify effective AD drugs. Using our approach, we predict that antipsychotic drugs with circadian effects, such as quetiapine, aripiprazole, risperidone, suvorexant, brexpiprazole, olanzapine, and trazadone, will have efficacious effects in AD patients. These drugs target important brain receptors involved in memory, learning, and cognition, including serotonin 5-HT2A, dopamine D2, and orexin receptors. In summary, DOTA repositions promising drugs that target important biological pathways and are predicted to improve patient cognition, circadian rhythms, and AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Chyr
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Haoran Gong
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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Surman CBH, Walsh DM. Managing Sleep in Adults with ADHD: From Science to Pragmatic Approaches. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1361. [PMID: 34679425 PMCID: PMC8534229 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders and sleep problems commonly occur in adults with ADHD and add to functional impairment. Evidence-based treatments for sleep could improve function in the adult ADHD population. METHODS A literature review was conducted to present the clinical science informing treatment of sleep in adults with ADHD. RESULTS Six systematic prospective studies of sleep intervention in adults with ADHD were identified. Three of these, all including well-characterized ADHD patients, offered evidence for a significant effect of morning light therapy. Across the studies, preliminary evidence for melatonin, behavioral therapy, and weighted blankets were also found. IMPLICATION Low-risk interventions such as light therapy may improve sleep in adults with ADHD, but many sleep interventions currently in use remain unstudied in the ADHD population. Considerations for evidence-informed practice and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig B. H. Surman
- Clinical and Research Program in ADHD and Related Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Daniel M. Walsh
- Clinical and Research Program in ADHD and Related Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
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