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Marini C, Romoli M, Parrini E, Costa C, Mei D, Mari F, Parmeggiani L, Procopio E, Metitieri T, Cellini E, Virdò S, De Vita D, Gentile M, Prontera P, Calabresi P, Guerrini R. Clinical features and outcome of 6 new patients carrying de novo KCNB1 gene mutations. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2017; 3:e206. [PMID: 29264397 PMCID: PMC5733250 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective To describe electroclinical features and outcome of 6 patients harboring KCNB1 mutations. Methods Clinical, EEG, neuropsychological, and brain MRI data analysis. Targeted next-generation sequencing of a 95 epilepsy gene panel. Results The mean age at seizure onset was 11 months. The mean follow-up of 11.3 years documented that 4 patients following an infantile phase of frequent seizures became seizure free; the mean age at seizure offset was 4.25 years. Epilepsy phenotypes comprised West syndrome in 2 patients, infantile-onset unspecified generalized epilepsy, myoclonic and photosensitive eyelid myoclonia epilepsy resembling Jeavons syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, and focal epilepsy with prolonged occipital or clonic seizures in each and every one. Five patients had developmental delay prior to seizure onset evolving into severe intellectual disability with absent speech and autistic traits in one and stereotypic hand movements with impulse control disorder in another. The patient with Jeavons syndrome evolved into moderate intellectual disability. Mutations were de novo, 4 missense and 2 nonsense, 5 were novel, and 1 resulted from somatic mosaicism. Conclusions KCNB1-related manifestations include a spectrum of infantile-onset generalized or focal seizures whose combination leads to early infantile epileptic encephalopathy including West, Lennox-Gastaut, and Jeavons syndromes. Long-term follow-up highlights that following a stormy phase, seizures subside or cease and treatment may be eased or withdrawn. Cognitive and motor functions are almost always delayed prior to seizure onset and evolve into severe, persistent impairment. Thus, KCNB1 mutations are associated with diffuse brain dysfunction combining seizures, motor, and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Marini
- Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M., E.P., D.M., F.M., T.M., E.C., S.V., D.D.V., R.G.), Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, University of Florence; Neurology Unit (M.R., C.C., P.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia; Child Neurology Service (L.P.), Hospital of Bolzano; Metabolic Unit (E.P.), A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, Florence; Medical Genetics Unit (M.G.), Azienda Sanitaria Locale Bari; Neonatology Unit and Prenatal Diagnosis (P.P.), Medical Genetic Unit, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia; Department of Experimental Neurosciences (P.C.), "Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico," IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome; and IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation (R.G.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Romoli
- Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M., E.P., D.M., F.M., T.M., E.C., S.V., D.D.V., R.G.), Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, University of Florence; Neurology Unit (M.R., C.C., P.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia; Child Neurology Service (L.P.), Hospital of Bolzano; Metabolic Unit (E.P.), A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, Florence; Medical Genetics Unit (M.G.), Azienda Sanitaria Locale Bari; Neonatology Unit and Prenatal Diagnosis (P.P.), Medical Genetic Unit, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia; Department of Experimental Neurosciences (P.C.), "Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico," IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome; and IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation (R.G.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Parrini
- Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M., E.P., D.M., F.M., T.M., E.C., S.V., D.D.V., R.G.), Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, University of Florence; Neurology Unit (M.R., C.C., P.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia; Child Neurology Service (L.P.), Hospital of Bolzano; Metabolic Unit (E.P.), A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, Florence; Medical Genetics Unit (M.G.), Azienda Sanitaria Locale Bari; Neonatology Unit and Prenatal Diagnosis (P.P.), Medical Genetic Unit, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia; Department of Experimental Neurosciences (P.C.), "Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico," IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome; and IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation (R.G.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cinzia Costa
- Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M., E.P., D.M., F.M., T.M., E.C., S.V., D.D.V., R.G.), Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, University of Florence; Neurology Unit (M.R., C.C., P.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia; Child Neurology Service (L.P.), Hospital of Bolzano; Metabolic Unit (E.P.), A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, Florence; Medical Genetics Unit (M.G.), Azienda Sanitaria Locale Bari; Neonatology Unit and Prenatal Diagnosis (P.P.), Medical Genetic Unit, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia; Department of Experimental Neurosciences (P.C.), "Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico," IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome; and IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation (R.G.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide Mei
- Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M., E.P., D.M., F.M., T.M., E.C., S.V., D.D.V., R.G.), Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, University of Florence; Neurology Unit (M.R., C.C., P.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia; Child Neurology Service (L.P.), Hospital of Bolzano; Metabolic Unit (E.P.), A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, Florence; Medical Genetics Unit (M.G.), Azienda Sanitaria Locale Bari; Neonatology Unit and Prenatal Diagnosis (P.P.), Medical Genetic Unit, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia; Department of Experimental Neurosciences (P.C.), "Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico," IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome; and IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation (R.G.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Mari
- Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M., E.P., D.M., F.M., T.M., E.C., S.V., D.D.V., R.G.), Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, University of Florence; Neurology Unit (M.R., C.C., P.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia; Child Neurology Service (L.P.), Hospital of Bolzano; Metabolic Unit (E.P.), A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, Florence; Medical Genetics Unit (M.G.), Azienda Sanitaria Locale Bari; Neonatology Unit and Prenatal Diagnosis (P.P.), Medical Genetic Unit, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia; Department of Experimental Neurosciences (P.C.), "Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico," IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome; and IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation (R.G.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucio Parmeggiani
- Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M., E.P., D.M., F.M., T.M., E.C., S.V., D.D.V., R.G.), Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, University of Florence; Neurology Unit (M.R., C.C., P.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia; Child Neurology Service (L.P.), Hospital of Bolzano; Metabolic Unit (E.P.), A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, Florence; Medical Genetics Unit (M.G.), Azienda Sanitaria Locale Bari; Neonatology Unit and Prenatal Diagnosis (P.P.), Medical Genetic Unit, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia; Department of Experimental Neurosciences (P.C.), "Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico," IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome; and IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation (R.G.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Procopio
- Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M., E.P., D.M., F.M., T.M., E.C., S.V., D.D.V., R.G.), Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, University of Florence; Neurology Unit (M.R., C.C., P.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia; Child Neurology Service (L.P.), Hospital of Bolzano; Metabolic Unit (E.P.), A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, Florence; Medical Genetics Unit (M.G.), Azienda Sanitaria Locale Bari; Neonatology Unit and Prenatal Diagnosis (P.P.), Medical Genetic Unit, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia; Department of Experimental Neurosciences (P.C.), "Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico," IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome; and IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation (R.G.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Metitieri
- Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M., E.P., D.M., F.M., T.M., E.C., S.V., D.D.V., R.G.), Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, University of Florence; Neurology Unit (M.R., C.C., P.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia; Child Neurology Service (L.P.), Hospital of Bolzano; Metabolic Unit (E.P.), A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, Florence; Medical Genetics Unit (M.G.), Azienda Sanitaria Locale Bari; Neonatology Unit and Prenatal Diagnosis (P.P.), Medical Genetic Unit, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia; Department of Experimental Neurosciences (P.C.), "Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico," IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome; and IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation (R.G.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Cellini
- Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M., E.P., D.M., F.M., T.M., E.C., S.V., D.D.V., R.G.), Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, University of Florence; Neurology Unit (M.R., C.C., P.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia; Child Neurology Service (L.P.), Hospital of Bolzano; Metabolic Unit (E.P.), A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, Florence; Medical Genetics Unit (M.G.), Azienda Sanitaria Locale Bari; Neonatology Unit and Prenatal Diagnosis (P.P.), Medical Genetic Unit, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia; Department of Experimental Neurosciences (P.C.), "Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico," IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome; and IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation (R.G.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Virdò
- Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M., E.P., D.M., F.M., T.M., E.C., S.V., D.D.V., R.G.), Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, University of Florence; Neurology Unit (M.R., C.C., P.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia; Child Neurology Service (L.P.), Hospital of Bolzano; Metabolic Unit (E.P.), A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, Florence; Medical Genetics Unit (M.G.), Azienda Sanitaria Locale Bari; Neonatology Unit and Prenatal Diagnosis (P.P.), Medical Genetic Unit, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia; Department of Experimental Neurosciences (P.C.), "Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico," IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome; and IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation (R.G.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Dalila De Vita
- Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M., E.P., D.M., F.M., T.M., E.C., S.V., D.D.V., R.G.), Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, University of Florence; Neurology Unit (M.R., C.C., P.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia; Child Neurology Service (L.P.), Hospital of Bolzano; Metabolic Unit (E.P.), A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, Florence; Medical Genetics Unit (M.G.), Azienda Sanitaria Locale Bari; Neonatology Unit and Prenatal Diagnosis (P.P.), Medical Genetic Unit, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia; Department of Experimental Neurosciences (P.C.), "Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico," IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome; and IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation (R.G.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mattia Gentile
- Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M., E.P., D.M., F.M., T.M., E.C., S.V., D.D.V., R.G.), Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, University of Florence; Neurology Unit (M.R., C.C., P.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia; Child Neurology Service (L.P.), Hospital of Bolzano; Metabolic Unit (E.P.), A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, Florence; Medical Genetics Unit (M.G.), Azienda Sanitaria Locale Bari; Neonatology Unit and Prenatal Diagnosis (P.P.), Medical Genetic Unit, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia; Department of Experimental Neurosciences (P.C.), "Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico," IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome; and IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation (R.G.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Prontera
- Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M., E.P., D.M., F.M., T.M., E.C., S.V., D.D.V., R.G.), Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, University of Florence; Neurology Unit (M.R., C.C., P.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia; Child Neurology Service (L.P.), Hospital of Bolzano; Metabolic Unit (E.P.), A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, Florence; Medical Genetics Unit (M.G.), Azienda Sanitaria Locale Bari; Neonatology Unit and Prenatal Diagnosis (P.P.), Medical Genetic Unit, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia; Department of Experimental Neurosciences (P.C.), "Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico," IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome; and IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation (R.G.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M., E.P., D.M., F.M., T.M., E.C., S.V., D.D.V., R.G.), Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, University of Florence; Neurology Unit (M.R., C.C., P.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia; Child Neurology Service (L.P.), Hospital of Bolzano; Metabolic Unit (E.P.), A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, Florence; Medical Genetics Unit (M.G.), Azienda Sanitaria Locale Bari; Neonatology Unit and Prenatal Diagnosis (P.P.), Medical Genetic Unit, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia; Department of Experimental Neurosciences (P.C.), "Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico," IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome; and IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation (R.G.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M., E.P., D.M., F.M., T.M., E.C., S.V., D.D.V., R.G.), Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, University of Florence; Neurology Unit (M.R., C.C., P.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia; Child Neurology Service (L.P.), Hospital of Bolzano; Metabolic Unit (E.P.), A. Meyer Pediatric Hospital, Florence; Medical Genetics Unit (M.G.), Azienda Sanitaria Locale Bari; Neonatology Unit and Prenatal Diagnosis (P.P.), Medical Genetic Unit, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia; Department of Experimental Neurosciences (P.C.), "Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico," IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome; and IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation (R.G.), Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
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