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Jurišić V. Investigation of NK cell function against two target hematological cell line using radioactive chromium assay. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 206:111251. [PMID: 38422944 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
NK (Natural killer) cells are a special population of peripheral blood lymphocytes that kill virus-infected cells as well as tumor cells. For testing NK cell function, the classic gold standard assay has been used for a long time, determining the activity from target tumor cells using radioactive chromium in cell cultures for 4h. In this study two hematological cell lines K562 and MDS where used and target and results showed different sensitivity to killing by NK cells separated from healthy volunteers. Results have been shown that MDS release significantly more radioactive chromium indicating higher degree of necrosis during cell culture. In addition, K562 cell line is better target for NK killing in all different E:T ratio in comparison to MDS cell line previously described. Based on this, it is suggested that K562 cells be continues used in the future as better target for investigation NK killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Jurišić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac, Serbia.
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Cavic M, Nesic A, Mirjacic Martinovic K, Vuletic A, Besu Zizak I, Tisma Miletic N, Krivokuca A, Jankovic R, Gavrovic-Jankulovic M. Detection of humoral and cellular immune response to anti-SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine in breastfeeding women and naïve and previously infected individuals. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6271. [PMID: 37069315 PMCID: PMC10109231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored humoral and cellular responses to anti-SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in breastfeeding women and naïve and seropositive individuals in the first six months after vaccination.Sixty-one volunteers vaccinated with two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine were enrolled in the study. In-house developed ELISA was used for the quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific antibodies. Cell surface marker expression and intracellular IFN-γ analysis were carried out by flow cytometry. The concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-6 and TNF were determined by ELISA. A significant rise in anti-RBD IgG antibody levels was observed 14 days after the first vaccine dose (p < 0.0001) in serum and milk. The expression of CD28 on CD4+ T cells was significantly higher compared to baseline (p < 0.05). There was a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in B cell lymphocyte subset after revaccination, and increased percentage of CD80+ B cells. The expression of IFN-γ in peripheral blood lymphocytes, CD3+ T cells and serum was significantly increased (p < 0.05). No significant difference in immune response was observed between breastfeeding women and other study participants. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine-induced measurable and durable immune response in breastfeeding women and in naïve and previously infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Cavic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Andrijana Nesic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Mirjacic Martinovic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Vuletic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irina Besu Zizak
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Tisma Miletic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Krivokuca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radmila Jankovic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Mirjačić Martinović K, Vuletić A, Mališić E, Srdić-Rajić T, Tišma Miletić N, Babović N, Jurišić V. Increased circulating TGF-β1 is associated with impairment in NK cell effector functions in metastatic melanoma patients. Growth Factors 2022; 40:231-239. [PMID: 36129407 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2022.2124915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) plays a complex role in carcinogenesis. In 30 melanoma patients and 20 healthy controls (HC) we analysed functional and phenotypic characteristics of NK cells by Flow cytometry, gene expression of TGF-β1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by qPCR and serum and supernatant level of free TGF-β1 by ELISA. Melanoma patients had significantly higher serum level of circulatingTGF-β1 compared to HC, especially those with metastasis into the central nervous system (subclass M1d) and high LDH serum values. Melanoma patients compared to HC had significantly higher level of TGF-β1 gene in PBMC. TGF-β1 serum values negatively correlate with NK cell activity analysed by CD107a (degranulation marker), IFN-γ, NKG2D, and NKp46 in patients. Study shows the association of high level of TGF-β1 with NK cell inhibition in patients represents the main mechanism of tumour immune evasion. Targeting TGF-β may become an important cancer treatment for improving antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Vuletić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Emina Mališić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Srdić-Rajić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Tišma Miletić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nada Babović
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jurišić
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Vuletić A, Mirjačić Martinović K, Tišma Miletić N, Zoidakis J, Castellvi-Bel S, Čavić M. Cross-Talk Between Tumor Cells Undergoing Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Natural Killer Cells in Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:750022. [PMID: 34858978 PMCID: PMC8631470 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.750022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells undergoing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and immune cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) reciprocally influence each other. Immune cells, by supplying TME with bioactive molecules including cytokines, chemokines, enzymes, metabolites, and by physical interactions with tumor cells via their receptors, represent an important factor that affects EMT. Chronical inflammation in TME favorizes tumor growth and invasiveness and stimulates synthesis of EMT promoting transcription factors. Natural killer (NK) cells, owing to their unique ability to exert cytotoxic function independent of major histocompatibility (MHC)-mediated antigen presentation, play a significant role in the control of metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Although, the cross-talk between immune cells and tumor cells in general favors the induction of EMT and inhibition of antitumor immune responses, there are some changes in the immunogenicity of tumor cells during EMT of CRC cells that increase their susceptibility to NK cell cytotoxic lysis. However, suppressive TME downmodulates the expression of activating NK cell receptors, decreases the expression of activating and increases the expression of inhibitory NK cell ligands on tumor cells, and impairs NK cell metabolism that altogether negatively affects the overall NK cell function. Furthermore, process of EMT is often associated with increased expression of programmed cell death ligand (PD-L) and expression of immune checkpoint molecules PD-1, TIGIT, and TIM3 on functionally exhausted NK cells in TME in CRC. In this review we discuss modalities of cross-talk between tumor cells and NK cells, with regard of EMT-driven changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vuletić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Nevena Tišma Miletić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sergi Castellvi-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut d'Investigacions Biomčdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Milena Čavić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Systematic Multiomic Analysis of Ly75 Gene Expression and Its Prognostic Value Through the Infiltration of Natural Killer (NK) Cells in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051383. [PMID: 32397120 PMCID: PMC7291273 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ly75 (also known as DEC-205 or CD205) is expressed in immune cells and cancers and involved in tumor immunity. However, clinical relevance of Ly75 expression in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) have not been comprehensively studied. This study analyzed the correlation between Ly75 mRNA expression and patient survival using systematic multiomic analysis tools. Ly75 mRNA expression level was significantly lower in SKCM tissues than in normal tissues. Survival analysis showed that Ly75 expression significantly correlated with good patient survival. To determine possible mechanisms, the association between Ly75 expression and immune cell infiltration was analyzed. Ly75 expression was positively correlated with various infiltrated immune cells, particularly with natural killer (NK) cell infiltration and activation in SKCM. Moreover, analysis of Ly75-co-altered gene expression revealed that Ptprc (CD45) was most significantly correlated with Ly75. Gene ontology analysis of Ly75-co-altered genes indicated the relation to lymphocyte activation, including NK cell activation. Overall, our study provides the first clinical evidence that Ly75 expression is significantly associated with melanoma patient survival and NK cell infiltration, suggesting that Ly75 could be a useful prognostic factor.
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Konjević GM, Vuletić AM, Mirjačić Martinović KM, Larsen AK, Jurišić VB. The role of cytokines in the regulation of NK cells in the tumor environment. Cytokine 2019; 117:30-40. [PMID: 30784898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that are important effectors in the first line of defense toward transformed cells. This is mediated both by direct cytotoxic mechanisms and by production of immunoregulatory cytokines. Recent evidence has shown that NK cells also display memory, similar to the cells of the adaptive immune system. Cytokines are pivotal for the maturation, activation and survival of NK cells. Interleukins (IL)-2, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, IL-21 and type I interferons positively regulate NK cell function, either independently or in cooperation, whereas other cytokines, such as IL-23 and IL-27, may enhance or suppress NK cell function depending on the context. In the tumor microenvironment, TGFβ, IL-10 and IL-6 suppress NK cell activity not only directly, but also indirectly, by affecting immunosuppressive cells and by antagonizing the effect of stimulatory cytokines, thereby dampening the antitumor response of NK cells and promoting subsequent tumor evasion and progression. Increased understanding of the NK cell response to cytokines has provided a better understanding of their impaired function in tumors which may aid in the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies to enhance NK cell responses in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana M Konjević
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, 11000 Beograd, Serbia
| | - Ana M Vuletić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina M Mirjačić Martinović
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Annette K Larsen
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM U938 and Sorbonne University, Kourilsky Building 1st Floor, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint Antoine, 75571 PARIS Cédex 12 France
| | - Vladimir B Jurišić
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, P.BOX 124, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
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Kang N, Guo Q, Islamzada E, Ma H, Scott MD. Microfluidic determination of lymphocyte vascular deformability: effects of intracellular complexity and early immune activation. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018; 10:207-217. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00191f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the critical importance of mechanical (rheological + extrudability) deformability in the vascular flow of lymphocytes, it has been poorly investigated due to the limitations of existing technological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Kang
- Centre for Innovation
- Canadian Blood Services
- Life Sciences Centre
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Quan Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Emel Islamzada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Hongshen Ma
- Centre for Innovation
- Canadian Blood Services
- Life Sciences Centre
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Mark D. Scott
- Centre for Innovation
- Canadian Blood Services
- Life Sciences Centre
- Vancouver
- Canada
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