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Song T, Song X, Zhu C, Patrick R, Skurla M, Santangelo I, Green M, Harper D, Ren B, Forester BP, Öngür D, Du F. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and metabolic alterations in the progression of Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis of in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101503. [PMID: 34751136 PMCID: PMC8662951 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that metabolic changes in the brain associated with neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction play an important role in the pathophysiology of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the neural signatures associated with these metabolic alterations and underlying molecular mechanisms are still elusive. Accordingly, we reviewed the literature on in vivo human brain 1H and 31P-MRS studies and use meta-analyses to identify patterns of brain metabolic alterations in MCI and AD. 40 and 39 studies on MCI and AD, respectively, were classified according to brain regions. Our results indicate decreased N-acetyl aspartate and creatine but increased myo-inositol levels in both MCI and AD, decreased glutathione level in MCI as well as disrupted energy metabolism in AD. In addition, the hippocampus shows the strongest alterations in most of these metabolites. This meta-analysis also illustrates progressive metabolite alterations from MCI to AD. Taken together, it suggests that 1) neuroinflammation and oxidative stress may occur in the early stages of AD, and likely precede neuron loss in its progression; 2) the hippocampus is a sensitive region of interest for early diagnosis and monitoring the response of interventions; 3) targeting bioenergetics associated with neuroinflammation/oxidative stress is a promising approach for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, 02478, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Xiaopeng Song
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, 02478, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Chenyawen Zhu
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, 02478, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, 02478, USA
| | - Regan Patrick
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, 02478, USA; Department of Neuropsychology, McLean Hospital, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Miranda Skurla
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, 02478, USA
| | | | - Morgan Green
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, 02478, USA
| | - David Harper
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Boyu Ren
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Brent P Forester
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Dost Öngür
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Fei Du
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, 02478, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, 02478, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Liu H, Zhang D, Lin H, Zhang Q, Zheng L, Zheng Y, Yin X, Li Z, Liang S, Huang S. Meta-Analysis of Neurochemical Changes Estimated via Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:738971. [PMID: 34744689 PMCID: PMC8569809 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.738971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The changes of neurochemicals in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients has been observed via magnetic resonance spectroscopy in several studies. However, whether it exists the consistent pattern of changes of neurochemicals in the encephalic region during the progression of MCI to AD were still not clear. The study performed meta-analysis to investigate the patterns of neurochemical changes in the encephalic region in the progress of AD. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, and finally included 63 studies comprising 1,086 MCI patients, 1,256 AD patients, and 1,907 healthy controls. It showed that during the progression from MCI to AD, N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) decreased continuously in the posterior cingulate (PC) (SMD: −0.42 [95% CI: −0.62 to −0.21], z = −3.89, P < 0.05), NAA/Cr (creatine) was consistently reduced in PC (SMD: −0.58 [95% CI: −0.86 to −0.30], z = −4.06, P < 0.05) and hippocampus (SMD: −0.65 [95% CI: −1.11 to −0.12], z = −2.44, P < 0.05), while myo-inositol (mI) (SMD: 0.44 [95% CI: 0.26–0.61], z = 4.97, P < 0.05) and mI/Cr (SMD: 0.43 [95% CI: 0.17–0.68], z = 3.30, P < 0.05) were raised in PC. Furthermore, these results were further verified by a sustained decrease in the NAA/mI of PC (SMD: −0.94 [95% CI: −1.24 to −0.65], z = −6.26, P < 0.05). Therefore, the levels of NAA and mI were associated with the cognitive decline and might be used as potentially biomarkers to predict the possible progression from MCI to AD. Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42020200308.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huawei Lin
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Yin
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zuanfang Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shengxiang Liang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Saie Huang
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Subsidiary Rehabilitation Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Yang Z, Wan X, Zhao X, Rong Y, Wu Y, Cao Z, Xie Q, Luo M, Liu Y. Brain neurometabolites differences in individuals with subjective cognitive decline plus: a quantitative single- and multi-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:4074-4096. [PMID: 34476190 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Subjective cognitive decline plus could be an extremely early phase of Alzheimer's disease; however, changes of N-acetylaspartate, myoinositol, and N-acetylaspartate/myoinositol is still unknown at this stage. This study aimed to explore brain neurometabolic alterations in patients with subjective cognitive decline plus using quantitative single-voxel and multi-voxel 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Methods A total of 91 participants were enrolled and underwent a GE 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging, including 33 elderly controls, 27 patients with subjective cognitive decline plus, and 31 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Single-voxel and multi-voxel 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to investigate the differences in neurometabolite levels among the three groups. Results Compared with elderly controls, patients with subjective cognitive decline plus showed significant decline in N-acetylaspartate and N-acetylaspartate/myoinositol values in multiple regions, and amnestic MCI participants demonstrated more significant decreased N-acetylaspartate and N-acetylaspartate/myoinositol levels in multiple regions. The combined concentrations of N-acetylaspartate with myoinositol showed an excellent discrimination between those with subjective cognitive decline plus and elderly controls as compared to that obtained using N-acetylaspartate/myoinositol ratios with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.895 and 0.860, respectively. Likewise, the combined area under the curve for differentiating patients with subjective cognitive decline plus from amnestic MCI was obtained using the combined levels of N-acetylaspartate with myoinositol was 0.892. This was also higher than the combined area under the curve of 0.836 obtained using N-acetylaspartate/myoinositol ratios. Moreover, N-acetylaspartate levels in the left hippocampus and left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) was positively related to the Auditory Verbal Learning Test delayed recall scores in patients with subjective cognitive decline plus, whereas only the N-acetylaspartate/myoinositol ratio was positively related to this scale scores in the left hippocampus. Conclusions Quantitative single-voxel and multi-voxel 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy can provide valuable information to detect alterative brain neurometabolites characteristics in patients with subjective cognitive decline plus. N-acetylaspartate concentrations may be used as one of the earliest neuroimaging markers at this stage, while N-acetylaspartate/myoinositol ratio could be more suitable for monitoring Alzheimer's disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxian Yang
- Medical Imaging Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Imaging Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xing Wan
- Medical Imaging Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinzhu Zhao
- Medical Imaging Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Rong
- Department of Neurology, the People's Hospital of Gaozhou City, Maoming, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shantou Central Hospital and Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Medical Imaging Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Qiuxia Xie
- Medical Imaging Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Luo
- Medical Imaging Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubao Liu
- Medical Imaging Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yang Z, Rong Y, Cao Z, Wu Y, Zhao X, Xie Q, Luo M, Liu Y. Microstructural and Cerebral Blood Flow Abnormalities in Subjective Cognitive Decline Plus: Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging and Three-Dimensional Arterial Spin Labeling Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:625843. [PMID: 33597860 PMCID: PMC7882515 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.625843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore microstructural and cerebral blood flow (CBF) abnormalities in individuals with subjective cognitive decline plus (SCD plus) using diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) and three-dimensional (3D) arterial spin labeling (ASL). Methods: Twenty-seven patients with SCD plus, 31 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and 33 elderly controls (ECs) were recruited and underwent DKI and 3D ASL using a GE 3.0-T MRI. Mean kurtosis (MK), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and CBF values were acquired from 24 regions of interest (ROIs) in the brain, including the bilateral hippocampal (Hip) subregions (head, body, and tail), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), precuneus, dorsal thalamus subregions (anterior nucleus, ventrolateral nucleus, and medial nucleus), lenticular nucleus, caput nuclei caudati, white matter (WM) of the frontal lobe, and WM of the occipital lobe. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationships among the DKI-derived parameters, CBF values, and key neuropsychological tests for SCD plus. Results: Compared with ECs, participants with SCD plus showed a significant decline in MK and CBF values, mainly in the Hip head and PCC, and participants with aMCI exhibited more significant abnormalities in the MK and CBF values than individuals with ECs and SCD plus in multiple regions. Combined MK values showed better discrimination between patients with SCD plus and ECs than that obtained using CBF levels, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.874 and 0.837, respectively. Similarly, the AUC in discriminating SCD plus from aMCI patients obtained using combined MK values was 0.823, which was also higher than the combined AUC of 0.779 obtained using CBF values. Moreover, MK levels in the left Hip (h) and left PCC positively correlated with the auditory verbal learning test-delayed recall (AVLT-DR) score in participants with SCD plus. By contrast, only the CBF value in the left Hip head positively correlated with the AVLT-DR score. Conclusions: Our results provide new evidence of microstructural and CBF changes in patients with SCD plus. MK may be used as an early potential neuroimaging biomarker and may be a more sensitive DKI parameter than CBF at the very early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxian Yang
- Medical Imaging Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Medical Imaging Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yu Rong
- Medical Imaging Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou City, Maoming, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Medical Imaging Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shantou Central Hospital and Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, China
| | - Xinzhu Zhao
- Medical Imaging Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuxia Xie
- Medical Imaging Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Luo
- Medical Imaging Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yubao Liu
- Medical Imaging Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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Mao Y, Zhuang Z, Chen Y, Zhang X, Shen Y, Lin G, Wu R. Imaging of glutamate in acute traumatic brain injury using chemical exchange saturation transfer. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:1652-1663. [PMID: 31728309 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.09.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is an important contrast mechanism in the field of magnetic resonance imaging. Herein, we used CEST for glutamate (GluCEST) imaging to evaluate the Glu alterations in acute mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) and correlated such alterations with the cognitive outcome at 1-month postinjury. Methods Thirty-two patients with well-documented mild-to-moderate TBI and 15 healthy controls (HC group) underwent 3.0-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with GluCEST, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) scans. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) examination was administered to all study subjects at 1-month postinjury for cognitive outcome acquisition and divided TBI patients into patients with good cognitive outcome (GCO group) and with poor cognitive outcome (PCO group). Results The GluCEST% values for the occipital gray matter (OGM) and bilateral parietooccipital white matter (PWM) were higher in the PCO group compared with the HC and GCO groups (P<0.05), whereas the GluCEST% value showed no significant differences between the GCO and HC groups (P>0.05). In comparison with HCs, TBI patients had a significantly increased GluCEST% value for the OGM and bilateral PWM (P<0.05). GluCEST performed better than MRS in the prediction of cognitive outcome for TBI patients (P<0.05). Conclusions Glu is significantly increased in acute TBI and strongly correlates with the cognitive outcome at 1month postinjury. GluCEST may supply new insight into TBI and help to improve the accuracy of short-term outcome prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Mao
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China.,Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - Zerui Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yanzi Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yuanyu Shen
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Guisen Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Renhua Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
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Lang B, Kindy MS, Kozel FA, Schultz SK, Taheri S. Multi-Parametric Classification of Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: The Impact of Diverse Cerebrovascular Injury Biomarkers. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 62:39-60. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Lang
- Clinical Psychology Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mark S. Kindy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida Tampa, FL, USA
- James A. Haley VA Medical Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - F. Andrew Kozel
- James A. Haley VA Medical Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Susan K. Schultz
- James A. Haley VA Medical Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Saeid Taheri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida Tampa, FL, USA
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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Correlations between working memory impairment and neurometabolites of prefrontal cortex and lenticular nucleus in patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 227:236-242. [PMID: 29102838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of working memory (WM) impairment in MDD remains unclear. We aimed to find out the mechanism by using neuropsychological tests and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). METHODS 31 MDD patients and 31 healthy controls were recruited in our study. The WM performance and neurometabolite ratios of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and lenticular nucleus (LN) between two groups were evaluated and compared. And the correlations between abnormal neurometabolite ratios and WM dysfunction were computed. RESULTS Scores of SDMT, DST(forwards), VRS and 2-back Task(accuracy rate) in MDD were lower than HCs. NAA/Cr ratios of bilateral PFC in MDD were significantly lower than HCs, while no significant differences showed in NAA/Cr ratios of LN and Cho/Cr, mI/Cr values of the bilateral PFC and LN between two groups. And for MDD patients, NAA/Cr ratios in the right PFC were positively correlated with scores of DST (Forwards). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that depressed patients may have impairments in working memory, including phonological loop, visual-spatial sketchpad, episodic buffer and central executive. And the impairment of verbal WM and WM capacity may be associated with the abnormal neurometabolites in the right PFC.
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Zeydan B, Deelchand DK, Tosakulwong N, Lesnick TG, Kantarci OH, Machulda MM, Knopman DS, Lowe VJ, Jack CR, Petersen RC, Öz G, Kantarci K. Decreased Glutamate Levels in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: An sLASER Proton MR Spectroscopy and PiB-PET Study. J Neuroimaging 2017; 27:630-636. [PMID: 28661060 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glutamate levels may be informative about the declining neuronal health in the central nervous system. We used an advanced proton MR spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) protocol composed of semi-localization by adiabatic selective refocusing (sLASER) localization and FAST(EST)MAP shimming for detection of alterations in brain glutamate concentrations in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. METHODS Participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (n = 14; median age = 80) and age- and sex-matched clinically normal controls (n = 32; median age = 79) from the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging were recruited prospectively to the 3T single-voxel 1 H-MRS study that examined metabolite changes in the posterior cingulate gyri. To be included, controls had to have low β-amyloid load on [11 C] Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB)-PET (standard uptake value ratio; SUVr < 1.42) and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment had to have high β-amyloid load (SUVr ≥ 1.42). RESULTS Glutamate concentration and the glutamate/myo-inositol ratio were lower in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment than clinically normal controls (P < .05). Higher global cortical PiB-PET SUVr correlated with lower glutamate/myo-inositol (r = -.3, P = .04). CONCLUSIONS The advanced sLASER with FAST(EST)MAP shimming is a promising protocol for identifying glutamate alterations. Advanced 1 H-MRS protocols may add to the understanding of early Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology through detection of glutamate concentration in posterior cingulate gyri of individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Zeydan
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Dinesh K Deelchand
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Nirubol Tosakulwong
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Timothy G Lesnick
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Orhun H Kantarci
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Mary M Machulda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Clifford R Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Gülin Öz
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
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Schreiner SJ, Kirchner T, Wyss M, Van Bergen JM, Quevenco FC, Steininger SC, Griffith EY, Meier I, Michels L, Gietl AF, Leh SE, Brickman AM, Hock C, Nitsch RM, Pruessmann KP, Henning A, Unschuld PG. Low episodic memory performance in cognitively normal elderly subjects is associated with increased posterior cingulate gray matter N-acetylaspartate: a 1H MRSI study at 7 Tesla. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 48:195-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li H, Xu H, Zhang Y, Guan J, Zhang J, Xu C, Shen Z, Xiao B, Liang C, Chen K, Zhang J, Wu R. Differential neurometabolite alterations in brains of medication-free individuals with bipolar disorder and those with unipolar depression: a two-dimensional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Bipolar Disord 2016; 18:583-590. [PMID: 27870506 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mental disorder characterized by periods of elevated mood and depression. Many individuals with BD are initially misdiagnosed and treated for unipolar depression (UD). In this study, we report direct comparisons between medication-free individuals with BD and those with UD in terms of the neurometabolites in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), parietal cortex (PC), and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) of the brain. METHODS Participants included medication-free patients with BD or UD, and matched healthy controls. All patients were in the depressive state and had similar symptoms. All subjects were subjected to a multi-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy procedure with a 3.0 T GE Signa MR scanner. After post-processing, the absolute concentrations of glycerophosphocholine + phosphocholine (GPC + PC), phosphocreatine + creatine (PCr + Cr), Glx (glutamate + glutamine), myo-inositol (MI), and N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) from the above brain regions were compared across the three groups. RESULTS Patients with BD showed significantly higher levels of Glx in their ACC, lower GPC + PC, PCr + Cr, MI, and NAA in their PC, and lower NAA in their mPFC, compared to healthy controls; patients with UD presented significantly lower levels of GPC + PC, PCr + Cr, and NAA in their PCC, and lower Glx in their mPFC. All analyzed brain metabolites, except Glx, were significantly lower in the PC of patients with BD, whereas levels of GPC + PC, PCr + Cr, and NAA were significantly reduced in the PCC of patients with UD. CONCLUSIONS These results add to the evidence of brain metabolite differences in brains of patients with UD and BD which may be of help in differentiating these two mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Haiyun Xu
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yinnan Zhang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jitian Guan
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chongtao Xu
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhiwei Shen
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chunlian Liang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Kaiyuan Chen
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Renhua Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, Shantou, China
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Abstract
Metabolic imaging enhances understanding of disease metabolisms and holds great potential as a measurement tool for evaluating disease prognosis and treatment effectiveness. Advancement of techniques, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy, positron emission tomography, and mass spectrometry, allows for improved accuracy for quantification of metabolites and present unique possibilities for use in clinic. This article reviews and discusses literature reports of metabolic imaging in humans published since 2010 according to disease type, including cancer, degenerative disorders, psychiatric disorders, and others, as well as the current application of the various related techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor L. Fuss
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 USA
| | - Leo L. Cheng
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114 USA
- Corresponding Author: Leo L. Cheng, PhD, 149 13 Street, CNY-6, Charlestown, MA 02129, Ph.617-724-6593, Fax.617-726-5684,
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Cao Z, Lin PY, Shen ZW, Wu RH, Xiao YY. Alterations in brain metabolism and function following administration of low-dose codeine phosphate: 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:619-626. [PMID: 27446252 PMCID: PMC4950574 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify alterations in brain function following administration of a single, low-dose of codeine phosphate in healthy volunteers using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In addition, the metabolic changes in the two sides of the frontal lobe were identified using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). A total of 20 right-handed healthy participants (10 males, 10 females) were evaluated, and a Signa HDx 1.5T MRI scanner was used for data acquisition. An echo planar imaging sequence was used for resting-state fMRI, whereas a point resolved spectroscopy sequence was used for 1H-MRS. Regional Saturation Technique, Data Processing Assistant for Resting-State fMRI, and Statistical Parameter Mapping 8 were used to analyze the fMRI data. The 1H-MRS data were analyzed using LCModel software. At 1 h after oral administration of codeine phosphate (1.0 mg/kg), the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity were altered in different brain areas. The choline content was significantly increased in the right and left frontal lobes following codeine phosphate administration (P=0.02 and P=0.03, respectively), whereas the inositol content was significantly decreased in the left frontal lobe (P=0.02). There was no change in the glutamic acid content in the frontal lobes. In conclusion, the functions of different brain regions can be affected by a single, low-dose administration of codeine phosphate. The alterations in metabolite content in the two frontal lobes may be associated with changes in brain function, whereas the ALFF in the globus pallidus may have an effect on codeine phosphate addiction. Finally, glutamic acid may be useful in the estimation of codeine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Yin Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Shen
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Ren-Hua Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Ye-Yu Xiao or Dr Ren-Hua Wu, Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 69 DongXia North Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
| | - Ye-Yu Xiao
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Ye-Yu Xiao or Dr Ren-Hua Wu, Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 69 DongXia North Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
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In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) evaluation of the metabolite concentration of optic radiation in primary open angle glaucoma. Eur Radiol 2016; 26:4404-4412. [PMID: 26943134 PMCID: PMC5101279 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-016-4279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the metabolite concentration of optic radiation in glaucoma patients with that of healthy subjects using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS). METHODS 1H-MRS utilising the Single-Voxel Spectroscopy (SVS) technique was performed using a 3.0Tesla MRI on 45 optic radiations (15 from healthy subjects, 15 from mild glaucoma patients, and 15 from severe glaucoma patients). A standardised Volume of Interest (VOI) of 20 × 20 × 20 mm was placed in the region of optic radiation. Mild and severe glaucoma patients were categorised based on the Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson (HPA) classification. Mean and multiple group comparisons for metabolite concentration and metabolite concentration ratio between glaucoma grades and healthy subjects were obtained using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS The metabolite concentration and metabolite concentration ratio between the optic radiations of glaucoma patients and healthy subjects did not demonstrate any significant difference (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings show no significant alteration of metabolite concentration associated with neurodegeneration that could be measured by single-voxel 1H-MRS in optic radiation among glaucoma patients. KEY POINTS • Glaucoma disease has a neurodegenerative component. • Metabolite changes have been observed in the neurodegenerative process in the brain. • Using SVS, no metabolite changes in optic radiation were attributed to glaucoma.
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The Neurochemical and Microstructural Changes in the Brain of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: A Multimodal MRI Study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19026. [PMID: 26758023 PMCID: PMC4725825 DOI: 10.1038/srep19026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and pathology of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) remains challenging. Herein, we used multimodal imaging to assess anatomical and functional changes in brains of SLE patients instead of a single MRI approach generally used in previous studies. Twenty-two NPSLE patients, 21 non-NPSLE patients and 20 healthy controls (HCs) underwent 3.0 T MRI with multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy, T1-weighted volumetric images for voxel based morphometry (VBM) and diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) scans. While there were findings in other basal ganglia regions, the most consistent findings were observed in the posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG). The reduction of multiple metabolite concentration was observed in the PCG in the two patient groups, and the NPSLE patients were more prominent. The two patient groups displayed lower diffusional kurtosis (MK) values in the bilateral PCG compared with HCs (p < 0.01) as assessed by DKI. Grey matter reduction in the PCG was observed in the NPSLE group using VBM. Positive correlations among cognitive function scores and imaging metrics in bilateral PCG were detected. Multimodal imaging is useful for evaluating SLE subjects and potentially determining disease pathology. Impairments of cognitive function in SLE patients may be interpreted by metabolic and microstructural changes in the PCG.
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Woo DC, Lenkinski RE. Neurochemical changes observed by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the mouse brain postadministration of scopolamine. Acad Radiol 2014; 21:1072-7. [PMID: 25018079 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES This study is aimed at investigating neurochemical changes in scopolamine (SCP)-induced memory impairment using spatially localized in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the hippocampus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four groups of mice (eight mice per group) were scanned after the injection of different SCP doses: 0, 1, 3, and 5 mg/kg (intraperitoneally). All the animals received (1)H MRS of their hippocampus at two time intervals: 30 minutes and 72 hours after SCP injection. RESULTS This work demonstrated that the doses of 3 mg/kg SCP or higher reduce the concentration of total choline-containing compounds, and these levels returned to baseline after 72 hours. These results are consistent with observations made by others using more invasive brain dialysis approaches. The levels of glutamate and glutamic compounds (glutamate + glutamine) were slightly changed at 3 and 5 mg/kg SCP dose, but the differences were not statistically significant (P > .05). These findings suggest that SCP produces transient, in vivo measurable alterations in the cholinergic system in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS On this basis, we conclude that in vivo MRS is a feasible noninvasive method to probe aspects of the alterations induced by SCP in the cholinergic neurotransmission pathways in both animal models and human studies of memory impairment.
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Liu YY, Yang ZX, Shen ZW, Xiao YY, Cheng XF, Chen W, Chen YW, Wu RH. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Vascular Cognitive Impairment With No Dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2014; 29:474-81. [PMID: 23823139 PMCID: PMC10852712 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513495106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia (VCIND) are highly predictive of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. In this study, a 2-dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed in 25 patients with aMCI, 28 patients with VCIND, and 32 normal controls (NCs). The concentrations of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), myoinositol (MI), and creatine (Cr) were measured, and their ratios were calculated. The patients with aMCI displayed significantly lower NAA/MI bilaterally in the posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG) and white matter of occipital lobe (OLWM) than NC participants or patients with VCIND , whereas patients with VCIND displayed markedly lower NAA/Cho bilaterally in the white matter of frontal lobe (FLWM) and left OLWM, and right dorsal thalamus (DT) than patients with NC or aMCI. Compared with the controls, patients with aMCI displayed lower NAA and NAA/Cr in bilateral PCG, left precuneus, and DT, whereas patients with VCIND displayed lower NAA/Cr in bilateral DT and FLWM. In addition, increased MI in right PCG of patients with aMCI and increased Cho in left FLWM of patients with VCIND were also observed. The results might help guide a clinical differentiation between the 2 disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Zhong-Xian Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Shen
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Ye-Yu Xiao
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Cheng
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yao-Wen Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Ren-Hua Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, Guangdong, Shantou, China
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Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in mild cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:2571-86. [PMID: 23969177 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Research using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can potentially elucidate metabolite changes representing early degeneration in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), an early stage of dementia. We integrated the published literature using meta-analysis to identify patterns of metabolite changes in MCI. 29 MRS studies (with a total of 607 MCI patients and 862 healthy controls) were classified according to brain regions. Hedges' g was used as effect size in a random effects model. N-Acetyl Aspartate (NAA) measures were consistently reduced in posterior cingulate (PC), hippocampus, and the paratrigonal white matter (PWM). Creatine (Cr) concentration was reduced in the hippocampus and PWM. Choline (Cho) concentration was reduced in the hippocampus while Cho/Cr ratio was raised in the PC. Myo-inositol (mI) concentration was raised in the PC and mI/Cr ratio was raised in the hippocampus. NAA/mI ratio was reduced in the PC. NAA may be the most reliable marker of brain dysfunction in MCI though mI, Cho, and Cr may also contribute towards this.
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Dai H, Hong B, Xu Z, Ma L, Chen Y, Xiao Y, Wu R. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is highly sensitive for lipid-soluble metabolites. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:2103-10. [PMID: 25206519 PMCID: PMC4146060 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.22.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the water-soluble metabolite profile of human mesenchymal stem cells is known, the lipid profile still needs further investigation. In this study, methanol-chloroform was used to extract pid-soluble metabolites and perchloric acid was used to extract water-soluble metabolites. Furthermore, a dual phase extraction method using methanol-chloroform and water was used to obtain both water and lipid fractions simultaneously. All metabolite extractions were analyzed on a 9.4T high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. Metabolite resonance peaks were assigned in the acquired spectra according to the chemical shift, and the extraction efficiency of ferent methods was compared. Results showed that in the spectra of water-soluble extracts, major metabolites comprised low molecular weight metabolites, including lactate, acetic acid, fatty acids, threonine, glutamic acid, creatine, choline and its derivatives, while in the spectra of lipid-soluble extracts, most metabolites were assigned to fatty acids. Among the different extraction procedures, perchloric acid was more efficient in extracting water-soluble metabolites and methanol-chloroform was efficient in extracting organic components compared with the dual phase extraction method. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that as low as 0.7 mg organic yield was enough to obtain clear resonance peaks, while about 6.0 mg water-soluble yield was needed to obtain relatively favorable spectral lines. These results show that the efficiency of extracting water and lipid fractions is higher using perchloric acid and methanol-chloroform compared with dual phase extraction and that nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is highly sensitive for analyzing lipid-soluble extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Dai
- Department of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041; Department of Medical Imaging, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou 516001, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Radiology, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bikai Hong
- Department of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041; Department of Medical Imaging, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou 516001, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhifeng Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lian Ma
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yaowen Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yeyu Xiao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041; Department of Medical Imaging, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou 516001, Guangdong Province, China
- Corresponding author: Yeyu Xiao, Master, Professor, Department of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China, . Renhua Wu, M.D., Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China, (N20120517004)
| | - Renhua Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041; Department of Medical Imaging, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou 516001, Guangdong Province, China
- Corresponding author: Yeyu Xiao, Master, Professor, Department of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China, . Renhua Wu, M.D., Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Medical Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China, (N20120517004)
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Shen ZW, Cao Z, You KZ, Yang ZX, Xiao YY, Cheng XF, Chen YW, Wu RH. Quantification of choline concentration following liver cell apoptosis using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:1130-6. [PMID: 22416190 PMCID: PMC3296989 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i10.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the feasibility of quantifying liver choline concentrations in both normal and apoptotic rabbit livers in vivo, using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS).
METHODS: 1H-MRS was performed in 18 rabbits using a 1.5T GE MR system with an eight-channel head/neck receiving coil. Fifteen rabbits were injected with sodium selenite at a dose of 10 μmol/kg to induce the liver cell apoptosis. Point-resolved spectroscopy sequence-localized spectra were obtained from 10 livers once before and once 24 h after sodium selenite injection in vivo. T1 and T2 relaxation time of water and choline was measured separately in the livers of three healthy rabbits and three selenite-treated rabbits. Hematoxylin and eosin and dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to detect and confirm apoptosis. Choline peak areas were measured relative to unsuppressed water using LCModel. Relaxation attenuation was corrected using the average of T1 and T2 relaxation time. The choline concentration was quantified using a formula, which was tested by a phantom with a known concentration.
RESULTS: Apoptosis of hepatic cells was confirmed by TUNEL assay. In phantom experiment, the choline concentration (3.01 mmol/L), measured by 1H-MRS, was in good agreement with the actual concentration (3 mmol/L). The average T1 and T2 relaxation time of choline was 612 ± 15 ms and 74 ± 4 ms in the control group and 670 ± 27 ms and 78 ± 5 ms in apoptotic livers in vivo, respectively. Choline was quantified in 10 rabbits, once before and once after the injection with sodium selenite. The choline concentration decreased from 14.5 ± 7.57 mmol/L before sodium selenite injection to 10.8 ± 6.58 mmol/L (mean ± SD, n = 10) after treatment (Z = -2.395, P < 0.05, two-sample paired Wilcoxon test).
CONCLUSION: 1H-MRS can be used to quantify liver choline in vivo using unsuppressed water as an internal reference. Decreased liver choline concentrations are found in sodium selenite-treated rabbits undergoing liver cell apoptosis.
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