Risk factors of microtia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

A Systematic Review of the Application of Computational Technology in Microtia

Microtia is a congenital and morphological anomaly of one or both ears, which results from a confluence of genetic and external environmental factors. Up to now, extensive research has explored the potential utilization of computational methodologies in microtia and has obtained promising results. Thus, the authors reviewed the achievements and shortcomings of the research mentioned previously, from the aspects of artificial intelligence, computer-aided design and surgery, computed tomography, medical and biological data mining, and reality-related technology, including virtual reality and augmented reality. Hoping to offer novel concepts and inspire further studies within this field.

Clinical profiling of pediatric microtia patients: A cross-sectional analysis at a leading pediatric hospital in Ecuador (2015-2022)

BACKGROUND

Microtia is a frequent congenital deformity of the pinna, often with hearing loss. This study reviews the clinical profiles of microtia pediatric patients treated at a referral hospital in Quito, Ecuador, from 2015 to 2022.

METHODS

A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out based on the analysis of medical records of pediatric patients with microtia treated between January 2015 and December 2022 at the Hospital Pediátrico Baca Ortiz in Quito, Ecuador. Descriptive statistics were used, and the Chi-square test assessed associations between categorical variables.

RESULTS

Of the 235 patients evaluated, 59.6% were male, 83.4% lived at high altitudes (2500-3500 m), and 19.1% had a family history of microtia. Grade III microtia was diagnosed in 63.8%, predominantly on the right side. Nearly all (99.1%) had hearing loss. Other anatomical alterations were observed in 27.7%, primarily the preauricular appendage. Bone vibrator implantation was a common treatment for 24.3%. Altitude did not show a significant correlation with microtia characteristics.

CONCLUSIONS

Most patients had grade III microtia with associated hearing loss. Despite the high prevalence at elevated altitudes, no significant altitude-disease correlation was found. The study highlights the need for further research on microtia in regions like Ecuador.