1
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Young H, Schumacher JR, Pierce S, Barnes JL. The measurement of college athletes' knowledge and behavior on pre- and post-workout nutrition utilizing a text message intervention. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37094249 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2198023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure college student athletes' nutrition knowledge and behavior before and after a text message-based educational intervention. Participants: Athletes (n = 35) participated by completing a pre- and post-intervention survey. Methods: This survey gathered information on ability to identify carbohydrate and protein food sources, pre-and post-workout intake, and behavior. Text messages were sent during the 4-week intervention and included information regarding the importance of carbohydrate consumption before training, and a carbohydrate-protein mixture for recovery. Results: Dependent t-tests revealed a lack of statistically significant increases in total knowledge (p = 0.156) or behavior (p = 0.177), but an increase in the behavior questions regarding efficacy of carbohydrate before training (p = 0.026) and carbohydrate and protein after training (p = 0.016). Conclusion: This suggests the text message educational intervention did influence behavioral outcomes. Future research should focus on the effectiveness, length, and frequency of the text message intervention, and investigate the athletes' willingness to change dietary behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Young
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
| | - Julie R Schumacher
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
| | - Scott Pierce
- School of Kinesiology and Recreation, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer L Barnes
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
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2
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Wu F, Cheng Y, Zhou J, Liu X, Lin R, Xiang S, Liu Z, Wang C. Zn 2+ regulates human oxalate metabolism by manipulating oxalate decarboxylase to treat calcium oxalate stones. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123320. [PMID: 36682657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A high concentration of oxalate is associated with an increased risk of kidney calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones, and the degradation of exogenous oxalate mostly depends on oxalate-degrading enzymes from the intestinal microbiome. We found that zinc gluconate supplement to patients with CaOx kidney stones could significantly improve the abundance of oxalate metabolizing bacteria in humans through clinical experiments on patients also subjected to antibiotic treatment. The analysis of clinical samples revealed that an imbalance of Lactobacillus and oxalate decarboxylase (OxDC) was involved in the formation of CaOx kidney stones. Then, we identified that Zn2+ could be used as an external factor to improve the activity of OxDC and promote Lactobacillus in the intestinal flora, and this treatment achieved a therapeutic effect on rats with stones aggravated by antibiotics. Finally, by analyzing the three-dimensional structure of OxDC and completing in vitro experiments, we propose a model of the Zn2+-induced reduction of CaOx kidney stone symptoms in rats by increasing the metabolism of oxalate through the positive effects of Zn2+ on Lactobacillus and OxDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfu Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuehua Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongwu Lin
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Xiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Caiyan Wang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Jung HD, Cho S, Lee JY. Update on the Effect of the Urinary Microbiome on Urolithiasis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050951. [PMID: 36900094 PMCID: PMC10001284 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota are ecological communities of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms. The microbiome could be involved in kidney stone formation through hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate supersaturation, biofilm formation and aggregation, and urothelial injury. Bacteria bind to calcium oxalate crystals, which causes pyelonephritis and leads to changes in nephrons to form Randall's plaque. The urinary tract microbiome, but not the gut microbiome, can be distinguished between cohorts with urinary stone disease (USD) and those without a history of the disease. In the urine microbiome, the role is known of urease-producing bacteria (Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Providencia stuartii, Serratia marcescens, and Morganella morganii) in stone formation. Calcium oxalate crystals were generated in the presence of two uropathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and K. pneumoniae). Non-uropathogenic bacteria (S. aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) exhibit calcium oxalate lithogenic effects. The taxa Lactobacilli and Enterobacteriaceae best distinguished the healthy cohort from the USD cohort, respectively. Standardization is needed in urine microbiome research for urolithiasis. Inadequate standardization and design of urinary microbiome research on urolithiasis have hampered the generalizability of results and diminished their impact on clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Do Jung
- Department of Urology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang 10380, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Cho
- Department of Urology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang 10380, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yong Lee
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center of Evidence Based Medicine, Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-2320; Fax: +82-2-312-2538
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4
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Miller AW, Penniston KL, Fitzpatrick K, Agudelo J, Tasian G, Lange D. Mechanisms of the intestinal and urinary microbiome in kidney stone disease. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:695-707. [PMID: 36127409 PMCID: PMC11234243 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Kidney stone disease affects ~10% of the global population and the incidence continues to rise owing to the associated global increase in the incidence of medical conditions associated with kidney stone disease including, for example, those comprising the metabolic syndrome. Considering that the intestinal microbiome has a substantial influence on host metabolism, that evidence has suggested that the intestinal microbiome might have a role in maintaining oxalate homeostasis and kidney stone disease is unsurprising. In addition, the discovery that urine is not sterile but, like other sites of the human body, harbours commensal bacterial species that collectively form a urinary microbiome, is an additional factor that might influence the induction of crystal formation and stone growth directly in the kidney. Collectively, the microbiomes of the host could influence kidney stone disease at multiple levels, including intestinal oxalate absorption and direct crystal formation in the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W Miller
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kristina L Penniston
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kate Fitzpatrick
- Division of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - José Agudelo
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gregory Tasian
- Division of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dirk Lange
- The Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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5
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Wigner P, Bijak M, Saluk-Bijak J. Probiotics in the Prevention of the Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020284. [PMID: 35053400 PMCID: PMC8773937 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis ranks third among urological diseases in terms of prevalence, making up about 15% of cases. The continued increase in the incidence of nephrolithiasis is most probably due to changes in eating habits (high protein, sodium, and sugar diets) and lifestyle (reduced physical activity) in all developed countries. Some 80% of all kidney stones cases are oxalate urolithiasis, which is also characterized by the highest risk of recurrence. Frequent relapses of nephrolithiasis contribute to severe complications and high treatment costs. Unfortunately, there is no known effective way to prevent urolithiasis at present. In cases of diet-related urolithiasis, dietary changes may prevent recurrence. However, in some patients, the condition is unrelated to diet; in such cases, there is evidence to support the use of stone-related medications. Interestingly, a growing body of evidence indicates the potential of the microbiome to reduce the risk of developing renal colic. Previous studies have primarily focused on the use of Oxalobacterformigenes in patients with urolithiasis. Unfortunately, this bacterium is not an ideal probiotic due to its antibiotic sensitivity and low pH. Therefore, subsequent studies sought to find bacteria which are capable of oxalate degradation, focusing on well-known probiotics including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains, Eubacterium lentum, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wigner
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Michał Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Saluk-Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland;
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6
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Crivelli JJ, Mitchell T, Knight J, Wood KD, Assimos DG, Holmes RP, Fargue S. Contribution of Dietary Oxalate and Oxalate Precursors to Urinary Oxalate Excretion. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010062. [PMID: 33379176 PMCID: PMC7823532 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney stone disease is increasing in prevalence, and the most common stone composition is calcium oxalate. Dietary oxalate intake and endogenous production of oxalate are important in the pathophysiology of calcium oxalate stone disease. The impact of dietary oxalate intake on urinary oxalate excretion and kidney stone disease risk has been assessed through large cohort studies as well as smaller studies with dietary control. Net gastrointestinal oxalate absorption influences urinary oxalate excretion. Oxalate-degrading bacteria in the gut microbiome, especially Oxalobacter formigenes, may mitigate stone risk through reducing net oxalate absorption. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is the main dietary precursor for endogenous production of oxalate with several other compounds playing a lesser role. Renal handling of oxalate and, potentially, renal synthesis of oxalate may contribute to stone formation. In this review, we discuss dietary oxalate and precursors of oxalate, their pertinent physiology in humans, and what is known about their role in kidney stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ross P. Holmes
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(205)-996-8765; Fax: +1-(205)-934-4933
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7
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Sharma AP, Burton J, Filler G, Dave S. Current update and future directions on gut microbiome and nephrolithiasis. Indian J Urol 2020; 36:262-269. [PMID: 33376261 PMCID: PMC7759161 DOI: 10.4103/iju.iju_20_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of nephrolithiasis is increasing worldwide. Understanding how gut microbiome influences oxalate homeostasis has the potential to offer new strategies to prevent nephrolithiasis. The literature was reviewed to gather the evidence on the association between gut microbiome, hyperoxaluria and nephrolithiasis, and to identify the therapeutic interventions focused on the gut microbiome that could decrease hyperoxaluria and prevent nephrolithiasis. Gut microbiome is constituted by a plethora of microbiota including Oxalobacter formigenes (Oxf) and lactobacilli. Oxf can degrade dietary oxalate and induce enteral oxalate secretion. Animal studies suggested an association between oral Oxf supplementation and a decrease in hyperoxaluria. However, human studies have showed inconsistent results. Oral supplementation of lactobacilli did not show benefit in decreasing the hyperoxaluria. Antibiotic exposure, by affecting the gut microbiome, has been associated with an increase in nephrolithiasis. In vivo studies suggest fecal transplantation as a potential treatment option for reducing nephrolithiasis, but needs further evaluation in clinical studies. The current evidence suggests an association between gut microbiome and nephrolithiasis. However, the strategies focused on modulating gut microbiome for decreasing hyperoxaluria and preventing nephrolithiasis need further research. Judicious use of antibiotics in those predisposed to nephrolithiasis offers a preventative strategy for decreasing nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay P Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Jeremy Burton
- Division of Urology, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Guido Filler
- Department of Pediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Sumit Dave
- Division of Urology, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Canada
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8
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Ormanji MS, Rodrigues FG, Heilberg IP. Dietary Recommendations for Bariatric Patients to Prevent Kidney Stone Formation. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051442. [PMID: 32429374 PMCID: PMC7284744 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery (BS) is one of the most common and efficient surgical procedures for sustained weight loss but is associated with long-term complications such as nutritional deficiencies, biliary lithiasis, disturbances in bone and mineral metabolism and an increased risk of nephrolithiasis, attributed to urinary metabolic changes resultant from low urinary volume, hypocitraturia and hyperoxaluria. The underlying mechanisms responsible for hyperoxaluria, the most common among all metabolic disturbances, may comprise increased intestinal oxalate absorption consequent to decreased calcium intake or increased dietary oxalate, changes in the gut microbiota, fat malabsorption and altered intestinal oxalate transport. In the current review, the authors present a mechanistic overview of changes found after BS and propose dietary recommendations to prevent the risk of urinary stone formation, focusing on the role of dietary oxalate, calcium, citrate, potassium, protein, fat, sodium, probiotics, vitamins D, C, B6 and the consumption of fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene S. Ormanji
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (M.S.O.); (F.G.R.)
| | - Fernanda G. Rodrigues
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (M.S.O.); (F.G.R.)
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Ita P. Heilberg
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (M.S.O.); (F.G.R.)
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(11)-5576-4848 (ext. 2465)
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9
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Enteric hyperoxaluria is commonly observed in malabsorptive conditions including Roux en Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Its incidence is increasing secondary to an increased prevalence of both disorders. In this review, we summarize the evidence linking the gut microbiota to the risk of enteric hyperoxaluria. RECENT FINDINGS In enteric hyperoxaluria, fat malabsorption leads to increased binding of calcium to free fatty acids resulting in more soluble oxalate in the intestinal lumen. Bile acids and free fatty acids in the lumen also cause increased gut permeability allowing more passive absorption of oxalate. In recent years, there is more interest in the role of the gut microbiota in modulating urinary oxalate excretion in enteric hyperoxaluria, stemming from our knowledge that microbiota in the intestines can degrade oxalate. Oxalobacter formigenes reduced urinary oxalate in animal models of RYGB. The contribution of other oxalate-degrading organisms and the microbiota community to the pathophysiology of enteric hyperoxaluria are also currently under investigation. SUMMARY Gut microbiota might play a role in modulating the risk of enteric hyperoxaluria through oxalate degradation and bile acid metabolism. O. formigenes is a promising therapeutic target in this population; however, further studies in humans are needed to test its effectiveness.
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10
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Liu F, Zhang N, Jiang P, Zhai Q, Li C, Yu D, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Lv L, Xu X, Feng N. Characteristics of the urinary microbiome in kidney stone patients with hypertension. J Transl Med 2020; 18:130. [PMID: 32183836 PMCID: PMC7079538 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney stone disease (KSD) is more common in individuals with hypertension (HTN) than in individuals with normotension (NTN). Urinary dysbiosis is associated with urinary tract disease and systemic diseases. However, the role of the urinary microbiome in KSD complicated with HTN remains unclear. Methods This study investigated the relationship between the pelvis urinary microbiome and blood pressure (BP) in patients with KSD co-occurring with HTN (KSD-HTN) and healthy controls (HC) by conducting 16S rRNA gene sequencing of bacteria in urine samples. The urine samples were collected (after bladder disinfection) from 50 patients with unilateral kidney calcium stones and NTN (n = 12), prehypertension (pHTN; n = 11), or HTN (n = 27), along with 12 HCs. Results Principal coordinates analysis showed that there were significant differences in the urinary microbiomes not only between KSD patients and HCs but also between KSD-pHTN or KSD-HTN patients and KSD-NTN patients. Gardnerella dominated in HCs, Staphylococcus dominated in KSD-NTN patients and Sphingomonas dominated in both KSD-pHTN and KSD-HTN patients. The abundance of several genera including Acidovorax, Gardnerella and Lactobacillus was correlated with BP. Adherens junction and nitrogen and nucleotide metabolism pathways, among others, were associated with changes in BP. Conclusions The findings suggest that patients with KSD complicated with HTN have a unique urinary microbiome profile and that changes in the microbiome may reflect disease progression and may be useful to monitor response to treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Liu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Deshui Yu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longxian Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xinyu Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Millán Rodríguez F, Sabiote Rubio L, Girón Nanne I, Sánchez Martín F, Emiliani E, Angerri Feu O. The relationship between calcium oxalate lithiasis and chronic proinflammatory intestinal dysbiosis pattern: a prospective study. Urolithiasis 2020; 48:321-328. [DOI: 10.1007/s00240-020-01181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Batagello CA, Monga M, Miller AW. Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis: A Case of Missing Microbes? J Endourol 2018; 32:995-1005. [PMID: 29808727 DOI: 10.1089/end.2018.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urinary stone disease (USD) has known associations with the gut microbiota. Approximately 80% of kidney stones contain oxalate as a primary constituent and diverse oxalate-degrading bacteria exist within the human gut, which may protect against USD. Although bacteriotherapy represents a promising strategy to eliminate oxalate and reduce the risk of USD, oxalate-degrading probiotics have had limited success. To identify limitations of oxalate-degrading probiotics and refine development of bacteriotherapies to prevent USD, we review the literature associated with the gut microbiota and USD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was performed to identify publications that examine the role of oxalate-degrading bacteria or the whole gut microbiota in oxalate metabolism and the pathophysiology of USD. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies that examined the association of the whole gut microbiota with USD. In addition, we evaluated the gut microbiota of healthy individuals and those with comorbidities related to USD using publically available data from the American Gut Project (AGP). RESULTS Studies on Oxalobacter formigenes reveal that colonization by this species is not a good predictor of USD risk or urinary oxalate excretion. The species of oxalate-degrading bacteria used in probiotics and duration of administration do not impact efficacy or persistence. Studies focused on the whole gut microbiota reveal broad shifts in the gut microbiota associated with USD and a diverse microbial network is associated with oxalate metabolism. AGP data analysis demonstrated a strong overlap in microbial genera depleted in diseased individuals among USD and comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS The associations between the gut microbiota and USD extend beyond individual functional microbial species. Common shifts in the gut microbiota may facilitate the onset of USD and/or comorbidities. The successful development of bacteriotherapies to inhibit USD will need to incorporate strategies that target a broad diversity of bacteria rather than focus on a few specialist species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manoj Monga
- 2 Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Aaron W Miller
- 1 Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio.,2 Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
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13
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Martins AA, Santos-Junior VA, Filho ER, Silva HL, Ferreira MVS, Graça JS, Esmerino EA, Lollo PC, Freitas MQ, Sant'Ana AS, Costa LEO, Raices RS, Silva MC, da Cruz AG, Barros ME. Probiotic Prato cheese consumption attenuates development of renal calculi in animal model of urolithiasis. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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14
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Önal Darilmaz D, Sönmez Ş, Beyatli Y. The effects of inulin as a prebiotic supplement and the synbiotic interactions of probiotics to improve oxalate degrading activity. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derya Önal Darilmaz
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Science and Letters; Aksaray University; 68100 Aksaray Turkey
| | - Şule Sönmez
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Gazi University; 06500 Ankara Turkey
| | - Yavuz Beyatli
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Gazi University; 06500 Ankara Turkey
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15
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Sönmez Ş, Önal Darilmaz D, Beyatli Y. Determination of the relationship between oxalate degradation and exopolysaccharide production by different Lactobacillus
probiotic strains. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Şule Sönmez
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Gazi University; 06500 Ankara Turkey
| | - Derya Önal Darilmaz
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Science and Letters; Aksaray University; 68100 Aksaray Turkey
| | - Yavuz Beyatli
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Gazi University; 06500 Ankara Turkey
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16
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Abstract
Nephrolithiasis is a condition marked by the presence or formation of stones in kidneys. Several factors contribute to kidney stones development such as environmental conditions, type of dietary intake, gender and gastrointestinal flora. Most of the kidney stones are composed of calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate, which enter in to the body through diet. Both sources of oxalates become dangerous when normal flora of gastrointestinal tract is disturbed. Oxalobacter and Lactobacillus species exist symbiotically in the human gut and prevent stone formation by altering some biochemical pathways through production of specific enzymes which help in the degradation of oxalate salts. Both Oxalobacter and Lactobacillus have potential probiotic characteristics for the prevention of kidney stone formation and this avenue should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Sadaf
- Department of Biosciences, University of Wah, Wah City, Pakistan
| | - Syed Irfan Raza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Wah, Wah City, Pakistan
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17
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary supersaturation is one key determinant of calcium oxalate (CaOx) urinary stone formation, and urinary excretions of oxalate and citrate are two key determinants. Each is influenced by gastrointestinal processes. METHODS Open label and randomized placebo studies have examined the effect of oral probiotic preparations on urinary supersaturation and oxalate excretion. Cross sectional studies in humans have studied the association of Oxalobacter formigenes colonization status and urinary oxalate excretion and prevalence of urinary stones. The intestinal microbiome of representative animals adapted to a high oxalate diet has been defined. RESULTS The fecal content of O. formigenes, the best studied oxalate-degrader, varies depending on stone status. However, trials with probiotics designed to degrade oxalate including those containing O. formigenes, Lactobacillus, and/or Bifidobacterium spp., have been disappointing. Multiple intestinal segments of animals on a high oxalate diet contains diverse communities of microorganisms that can function together to degrade and detoxify a large oxalate load. CONCLUSIONS Although the intestinal microbiome seems likely to play a role to modify gastrointestinal absorption of lithogenic substances and hence urinary stone risk, whether we can develop tools to manipulate it and decrease this kidney stone risk remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Lieske
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Aragón IM, Herrera-Imbroda B, Queipo-Ortuño MI, Castillo E, Del Moral JSG, Gómez-Millán J, Yucel G, Lara MF. The Urinary Tract Microbiome in Health and Disease. Eur Urol Focus 2016; 4:128-138. [PMID: 28753805 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The urinary tract, previously considered a sterile body niche, has emerged as the host of an array of bacteria in healthy individuals, revolutionizing the urology research field. OBJECTIVE To review the literature on microbiome implications in the urinary tract and the usefulness of probiotics/prebiotics and diet as treatment for urologic disorders. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic review was conducted using PubMed and Medline from inception until July 2016. The initial search identified 1419 studies and 89 were included in this systematic review. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Specific bacterial communities have been found in the healthy urinary tract. Changes in this microbiome have been observed in certain urologic disorders such as urinary incontinence, urologic cancers, interstitial cystitis, neurogenic bladder dysfunction, sexually transmitted infections, and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. The role of probiotics, prebiotics, and diet as treatment or preventive agents for urologic disorders requires further investigation. CONCLUSIONS There is a microbiome associated with the healthy urinary tract that can change in urologic disorders. This represents a propitious context to identify new diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive microbiome-based biomarkers that could be used in clinical urology practice. In addition, probiotics, prebiotics, and diet modifications appear to represent an opportunity to regulate the urinary microbiome. PATIENT SUMMARY We review the urinary microbiome of healthy individuals and its changes in relation to urinary disorders. The question to resolve is how we can modulate the microbiome to improve urinary tract health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M Aragón
- Department of Urology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | | | - María I Queipo-Ortuño
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Biomedical Research Institute,, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Castillo
- Department of Urology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | | | - Jaime Gómez-Millán
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | - Gozde Yucel
- Program in Epithelial Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - María F Lara
- Department of Urology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain.
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Cho JG, Gebhart CJ, Furrow E, Lulich JP. Assessment of in vitro oxalate degradation by Lactobacillus species cultured from veterinary probiotics. Am J Vet Res 2015; 76:801-6. [PMID: 26309108 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.76.9.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To culture Lactobacillus spp from veterinary probiotics and measure their in vitro oxalate-degrading capacity. SAMPLE 2 commercial veterinary probiotics containing Lactobacillus spp. PROCEDURES Lactobacillus spp were cultured anaerobically on selective deMan, Rogosa, Sharpe agar medium and subcultured for speciation by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Isolates were inoculated into broth containing sodium oxalate (5 mg/L) and incubated anaerobically for 72 hours. An oxalate-degrading isolate of Lactobacillus acidophilus (American Type Culture Collection [ATCC] 53544) was the positive control sample; sterile broth containing a known quantity of sodium oxalate was the negative control sample. Oxalate concentrations were detected with ion chromatography. Oxalate degradation was assessed with Dunnett tests to detect differences in mean oxalate concentration for each isolate, compared with results for the negative control. RESULTS Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus zeae (too closely related to differentiate) were isolated from probiotic 1, and L plantarum was isolated from probiotic 2. Sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene confirmed 100% homology to type species. Lactobacillus acidophilus (ATCC 53544) and L acidophilus from probiotic 1 significantly decreased oxalate concentrations by 85.3 and 161.9 mg/L, respectively. Lactobacillus plantarum from probiotics 1 and 2 significantly increased oxalate concentrations by 56.1 and 36.1 mg/L, respectively. Lactobacillus casei did not alter oxalate concentrations. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Lactobacillus acidophilus isolates significantly reduced oxalate concentrations. In vivo studies are needed to determine whether probiotics containing L acidophilus decrease urine oxalate concentrations and reduce risk of urolith recurrence in dogs with a history of calcium oxalate urolithiasis.
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20
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Vanholder R, Glorieux G. The intestine and the kidneys: a bad marriage can be hazardous. Clin Kidney J 2015; 8:168-79. [PMID: 25815173 PMCID: PMC4370304 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfv004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept that the intestine and chronic kidney disease influence each other, emerged only recently. The problem is multifaceted and bidirectional. On one hand, the composition of the intestinal microbiota impacts uraemic retention solute production, resulting in the generation of essentially protein-bound uraemic toxins with strong biological impact such as vascular damage and progression of kidney failure. On the other hand, the uraemic status affects the composition of intestinal microbiota, the generation of uraemic retention solutes and their precursors and causes disturbances in the protective epithelial barrier of the intestine and the translocation of intestinal microbiota into the body. All these elements together contribute to the disruption of the metabolic equilibrium and homeostasis typical to uraemia. Several measures with putative impact on intestinal status have recently been tested for their influence on the generation or concentration of uraemic toxins. These include dietary measures, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and intestinal sorbents. Unfortunately, the quality and the evidence base of many of these studies are debatable, especially in uraemia, and often results within one study or among studies are contradictory. Nevertheless, intestinal uraemic metabolite generation remains an interesting target to obtain in the future as an alternative or additive to dialysis to decrease uraemic toxin generation. In the present review, we aim to summarize (i) the role of the intestine in uraemia by producing uraemic toxins and by generating pathophysiologically relevant changes, (ii) the role of uraemia in modifying intestinal physiology and (iii) the therapeutic options that could help to modify these effects and the studies that have assessed the impact of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Vanholder
- Nephrology Section, 0K12 , University Hospital , Ghent B9000 , Belgium
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Nephrology Section, 0K12 , University Hospital , Ghent B9000 , Belgium
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21
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Whiteside SA, Razvi H, Dave S, Reid G, Burton JP. The microbiome of the urinary tract--a role beyond infection. Nat Rev Urol 2015; 12:81-90. [PMID: 25600098 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2014.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Urologists rarely need to consider bacteria beyond their role in infectious disease. However, emerging evidence shows that the microorganisms inhabiting many sites of the body, including the urinary tract--which has long been assumed sterile in healthy individuals--might have a role in maintaining urinary health. Studies of the urinary microbiota have identified remarkable differences between healthy populations and those with urologic diseases. Microorganisms at sites distal to the kidney, bladder and urethra are likely to have a profound effect on urologic health, both positive and negative, owing to their metabolic output and other contributions. Connections between the gut microbiota and renal stone formation have already been discovered. In addition, bacteria are also used in the prevention of bladder cancer recurrence. In the future, urologists will need to consider possible influences of the microbiome in diagnosis and treatment of certain urological conditions. New insights might provide an opportunity to predict the risk of developing certain urological diseases and could enable the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Whiteside
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Hassan Razvi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Sumit Dave
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Gregor Reid
- Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotic Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Jeremy P Burton
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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Glew RH, Sun Y, Horowitz BL, Konstantinov KN, Barry M, Fair JR, Massie L, Tzamaloukas AH. Nephropathy in dietary hyperoxaluria: A potentially preventable acute or chronic kidney disease. World J Nephrol 2014; 3:122-142. [PMID: 25374807 PMCID: PMC4220346 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v3.i4.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperoxaluria can cause not only nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis, but also renal parenchymal disease histologically characterized by deposition of calcium oxalate crystals throughout the renal parenchyma, profound tubular damage and interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Hyperoxaluric nephropathy presents clinically as acute or chronic renal failure that may progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This sequence of events, well recognized in the past in primary and enteric hyperoxalurias, has also been documented in a few cases of dietary hyperoxaluria. Estimates of oxalate intake in patients with chronic dietary hyperoxaluria who developed chronic kidney disease or ESRD were comparable to the reported average oxalate content of the diets of certain populations worldwide, thus raising the question whether dietary hyperoxaluria is a primary cause of ESRD in these regions. Studies addressing this question have the potential of improving population health and should be undertaken, alongside ongoing studies which are yielding fresh insights into the mechanisms of intestinal absorption and renal excretion of oxalate, and into the mechanisms of development of oxalate-induced renal parenchymal disease. Novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for treating all types of hyperoxaluria are expected to develop from these studies.
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Screening of different probiotic strains for their in vitro ability to metabolise oxalates: any prospective use in humans? J Clin Gastroenterol 2014; 48 Suppl 1:S91-5. [PMID: 25291139 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxalate is the salt-forming ion of oxalic acid and can generate oxalate salts combining with various cations, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium. Approximately 75% of all kidney stones are composed primarily of calcium oxalate (CaOx) and hyperoxaluria, a condition involving high urinary oxalate concentration, is considered a primary risk factor for kidney stone formation, known as nephrolithiasis. Current therapeutic strategies often fail in their compliance or effectiveness, and CaOx stone recurrence is still common. After an initial stone, there is a 50% chance of forming a second stone within 7 years if the condition is left untreated. The potential therapeutic application of some probiotics, mainly lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, in reducing hyperoxaluria in vivo through intestinal oxalate degrading activity is compelling and initial reports are promising. This study was undertaken to screen different Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains for their capacity to degrade oxalate in vitro using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). METHODS The oxalate-degrading activity of 13 lactobacilli and 5 bifidobacteria was tested using a novel HPLC method after growth in a broth culture added with 10 mM ammonium oxalate. Experiments were repeated 3 times. Oxalobacter formigenes (DSM 4420) was used as positive reference to validate HPLC oxalate-degrading capability assays. RESULTS Lactobacillus strains were more efficient than bifidobacteria in degrading oxalates. L. paracasei LPC09 (DSM 24243) gave the best result, as 68.5% of ammonium oxalate was converted at the end of incubation, whereas the following best converters belong to the L. gasseri and L. acidophilus species. The relatively low conversion rate observed for most bifidobacteria can probably be attributed to intrinsic oxalate toxicity toward this genus. CONCLUSIONS Humans lack the enzymes needed to directly metabolise oxalate, and this potentially toxic compound is, therefore, managed using alternative pathways. As oxalate-degrading bacteria are present in the endogenous microbiota of the human intestine, although with significant individual differences, it is possible to hypothesise that the administration of selected oxalate-degrading probiotics could be an alternative and innovative approach to reducing the intestinal absorption of oxalate and the resulting urinary excretion.
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Klimesova K, Whittamore JM, Hatch M. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis decreases urinary oxalate excretion in a mouse model of primary hyperoxaluria. Urolithiasis 2014; 43:107-17. [PMID: 25269440 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-014-0728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hyperoxaluria significantly increases the risk of calcium oxalate kidney stone formation. Since several bacteria have been shown to metabolize oxalate in vitro, including probiotic bifidobacteria, we focused on the efficiency and possible mechanisms by which bifidobacteria can influence oxalate handling in vivo, especially in the intestines, and compared these results with the reported effects of Oxalobacter formigenes. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis DSM 10140 and B. adolescentis ATCC 15703 were administered to wild-type (WT) mice and to mice deficient in the hepatic enzyme alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (Agxt(-/-), a mouse model of Primary Hyperoxaluria) that were fed an oxalate-supplemented diet. The administration of B. animalis subsp. lactis led to a significant decrease in urinary oxalate excretion in WT and Agxt(-/-) mice when compared to treatment with B. adolescentis. Detection of B. animalis subsp. lactis in feces revealed that 3 weeks after oral gavage with the bacteria 64% of WT mice, but only 37% of Agxt(-/-) mice were colonized. Examining intestinal oxalate fluxes showed there were no significant changes to net oxalate secretion in colonized animals and were therefore not associated with the changes in urinary oxalate excretion. These results indicate that colonization with B. animalis subsp. lactis decreased urinary oxalate excretion by degrading dietary oxalate thus limiting its absorption across the intestine but it did not promote enteric oxalate excretion as reported for O. formigenes. Preventive or therapeutic administration of B. animalis subsp. lactis appears to have some potential to beneficially influence dietary hyperoxaluria in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Klimesova
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL, USA,
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The metabolic and ecological interactions of oxalate-degrading bacteria in the Mammalian gut. Pathogens 2013; 2:636-52. [PMID: 25437337 PMCID: PMC4235702 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens2040636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxalate-degrading bacteria comprise a functional group of microorganisms, commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals. Oxalate is a plant secondary compound (PSC) widely produced by all major taxa of plants and as a terminal metabolite by the mammalian liver. As a toxin, oxalate can have a significant impact on the health of mammals, including humans. Mammals do not have the enzymes required to metabolize oxalate and rely on their gut microbiota for this function. Thus, significant metabolic interactions between the mammalian host and a complex gut microbiota maintain the balance of oxalate in the body. Over a dozen species of gut bacteria are now known to degrade oxalate. This review focuses on the host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions that regulate the degradation of oxalate by the gut microbiota. We discuss the pathways of oxalate throughout the body and the mammalian gut as a series of differentiated ecosystems that facilitate oxalate degradation. We also explore the mechanisms and functions of microbial oxalate degradation along with the implications for the ecological and evolutionary interactions within the microbiota and for mammalian hosts. Throughout, we consider questions that remain, as well as recent technological advances that can be employed to answer them.
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Mitropoulou G, Nedovic V, Goyal A, Kourkoutas Y. Immobilization technologies in probiotic food production. J Nutr Metab 2013; 2013:716861. [PMID: 24288597 PMCID: PMC3830840 DOI: 10.1155/2013/716861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Various supports and immobilization/encapsulation techniques have been proposed and tested for application in functional food production. In the present review, the use of probiotic microorganisms for the production of novel foods is discussed, while the benefits and criteria of using probiotic cultures are analyzed. Subsequently, immobilization/encapsulation applications in the food industry aiming at the prolongation of cell viability are described together with an evaluation of their potential future impact, which is also highlighted and assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregoria Mitropoulou
- Applied Microbiology and Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Viktor Nedovic
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Technology, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Zemun, 11081 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Arun Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Yiannis Kourkoutas
- Applied Microbiology and Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Di Cerbo A, Pezzuto F, Palmieri L, Rottigni V, Iannitti T, Palmieri B. Clinical and experimental use of probiotic formulations for management of end-stage renal disease: an update. Int Urol Nephrol 2013; 45:1569-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-012-0335-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Oxalate and Urolithiasis. Urolithiasis 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-4387-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Acute probiotic ingestion reduces gastrointestinal oxalate absorption in healthy subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 40:191-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00240-011-0421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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30
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Acute probiotic ingestion reduces gastrointestinal oxalate absorption in healthy subjects. UROLOGICAL RESEARCH 2011. [PMID: 21874572 DOI: 10.1007/200240-011-0421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Both a high dietary oxalate intake and increased intestinal absorption appear to be major causes of elevated urine oxalate, a risk factor for kidney stone formation. A number of recent studies have assessed whether daily ingestion of a probiotic containing oxalate-degrading bacteria could lead to sufficient gut colonization to increase oxalate degradation, thereby reducing urinary oxalate. In contrast, the present study assessed whether simultaneous ingestion of oxalate-degrading probiotic bacteria with a 176 mg oxalate load could lead to decreased urinary oxalate in a population of 11 healthy non-stone formers (8 females, 3 males), aged 21-45 years. The results indicated that both the single and double doses of VSL#3(®) probiotic solutions were effective in reducing urinary oxalate and estimated oxalate absorption with no significant difference between the two probiotic doses. The timing of the reduction in urinary oxalate suggested a small intestinal and possibly gastric reduction in oxalate absorption. Similar to what had been reported for chronic or daily probiotic ingestion, individuals characterized by high oxalate absorption were most likely to experience clinically significant reductions in urinary oxalate in response to acute probiotic ingestion.
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Liebman M, Al-Wahsh IA. Probiotics and other key determinants of dietary oxalate absorption. Adv Nutr 2011; 2:254-60. [PMID: 22332057 PMCID: PMC3090165 DOI: 10.3945/an.111.000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxalate is a common component of many foods of plant origin, including nuts, fruits, vegetables, grains, and legumes, and is typically present as a salt of oxalic acid. Because virtually all absorbed oxalic acid is excreted in the urine and hyperoxaluria is known to be a considerable risk factor for urolithiasis, it is important to understand the factors that have the potential to alter the efficiency of oxalate absorption. Oxalate bioavailability, a term that has been used to refer to that portion of food-derived oxalate that is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), is estimated to range from 2 to 15% for different foods. Oxalate bioavailability appears to be decreased by concomitant food ingestion due to interactions between oxalate and coingested food components that likely result in less oxalic acid remaining in a soluble form. There is a lack of consensus in the literature as to whether efficiency of oxalate absorption is dependent on the proportion of total dietary oxalate that is in a soluble form. However, studies that directly compared foods of varying soluble oxalate contents have generally supported the proposition that the amount of soluble oxalate in food is an important determinant of oxalate bioavailability. Oxalate degradation by oxalate-degrading bacteria within the GIT is another key factor that could affect oxalate absorption and degree of oxaluria. Studies that have assessed the efficacy of oral ingestion of probiotics that provide bacteria with oxalate-degrading capacity have led to promising but generally mixed results, and this remains a fertile area for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Liebman
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences (Human Nutrition), University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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Oxalate-Degrading Bacteria of the Human Gut as Probiotics in the Management of Kidney Stone Disease. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2010; 72:63-87. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(10)72003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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