1
|
Wang A, Wang N, Zhang D, Wen J, Wang W. Relationship between Serum Selenium Level and Self-Reported History of Kidney Stone. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112549. [PMID: 37299511 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A relationship may exist between selenium and kidney calculi, but there is a lack of research in this field at present. Our study explored the relationship between the serum selenium level and a medical history of adult kidney calculi. We utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2011 and 2016. Participants self-reported their history of kidney stones, while serum selenium levels were measured using inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometry. Our findings indicate a negative correlation between serum selenium levels and the risk of kidney stone history. In the multiple-adjusted model, the lowest serum selenium level group had a higher risk than the other groups. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of ever having kidney stones for the highest serum selenium level group was 0.54 (0.33-0.88). In the results of stratified analysis, this relationship was still significant in the groups of women and those 40-59 years. We also found that as a nonlinear dose-response relationship between serum selenium levels and the history of kidney stones disease. In our research, we found that people with higher serum selenium levels had a lower risk of having a history of kidney stones. We concluded that selenium may have a protective effect on kidney stones. In the future, more population studies are needed to explore the relationship between selenium and kidney stones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anni Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health of Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ningrui Wang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health of Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jing Wen
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health of Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sivaguru M, Saw JJ, Wilson EM, Lieske JC, Krambeck AE, Williams JC, Romero MF, Fouke KW, Curtis MW, Kear-Scott JL, Chia N, Fouke BW. Human kidney stones: a natural record of universal biomineralization. Nat Rev Urol 2021; 18:404-432. [PMID: 34031587 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00469-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
GeoBioMed - a new transdisciplinary approach that integrates the fields of geology, biology and medicine - reveals that kidney stones composed of calcium-rich minerals precipitate from a continuum of repeated events of crystallization, dissolution and recrystallization that result from the same fundamental natural processes that have governed billions of years of biomineralization on Earth. This contextual change in our understanding of renal stone formation opens fundamentally new avenues of human kidney stone investigation that include analyses of crystalline structure and stratigraphy, diagenetic phase transitions, and paragenetic sequences across broad length scales from hundreds of nanometres to centimetres (five Powers of 10). This paradigm shift has also enabled the development of a new kidney stone classification scheme according to thermodynamic energetics and crystalline architecture. Evidence suggests that ≥50% of the total volume of individual stones have undergone repeated in vivo dissolution and recrystallization. Amorphous calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite spherules coalesce to form planar concentric zoning and sector zones that indicate disequilibrium precipitation. In addition, calcium oxalate dihydrate and calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal aggregates exhibit high-frequency organic-matter-rich and mineral-rich nanolayering that is orders of magnitude higher than layering observed in analogous coral reef, Roman aqueduct, cave, deep subsurface and hot-spring deposits. This higher frequency nanolayering represents the unique microenvironment of the kidney in which potent crystallization promoters and inhibitors are working in opposition. These GeoBioMed insights identify previously unexplored strategies for development and testing of new clinical therapies for the prevention and treatment of kidney stones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayandi Sivaguru
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. .,Carl Zeiss Labs@Location Partner, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Jessica J Saw
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elena M Wilson
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - John C Lieske
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amy E Krambeck
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - James C Williams
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael F Romero
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kyle W Fouke
- Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Matthew W Curtis
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy LLC, One North Broadway, White Plains, NY, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Chia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bruce W Fouke
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. .,Carl Zeiss Labs@Location Partner, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. .,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. .,Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. .,Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han J, Guo D, Sun XY, Wang JM, Ouyang JM, Gui BS. Comparison of the adhesion and endocytosis of calcium oxalate dihydrate to HK-2 cells before and after repair by Astragalus polysaccharide. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2019; 20:1164-1177. [PMID: 32082438 PMCID: PMC7006660 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2019.1697857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the effects of repairing injured renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells by using three Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) with different molecular weights and the adhesion and endocytosis of HK-2 cells to the calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) nanocrystals before and after repair to develop new products that can protect against kidney stones. HK-2 cells cultured in vitro were injured with 2.6 mmol/L oxalic acid to establish a damaged cell model. Three kinds of APS (APS0, APS1, and APS2 with molecular weights of 11.03, 4.72, and 2.60 kDa, respectively) were used to repair the damaged cells. The changes in the adhesion and endocytosis of 100 nm COD crystals to cells before and after the repair were detected. After the repair of HK-2 cells by the APS, the speed of wound healing of the damaged HK-2 cells increased, and the amount of phosphatidylserine (PS) ectropion decreased. In addition, the proportion of cells with adhered COD crystals decreased, whereas the proportion of cells with internalized crystals increased. As a result of the repair activity, APS can inhibit the adhesion and promote the endocytosis of COD nanocrystals to damaged cells. APS1, which had a moderate molecular weight, displayed the strongest abilities to repair the cells, inhibit adhesion, and promote endocytosis. Thus, APS, particularly APS1, may serve as potential green drugs for preventing kidney stones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Han
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Da Guo
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Sun
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Min Wang
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ming Ouyang
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao-Song Gui
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sonmez MG, Kozanhan B, Deniz ÇD, Iyisoy MS, Kilinc MT, Ecer G, Ozturk A, Neselioglu S, Erel O. Dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis as a novel indicator of oxidative stress in patients with urolithiasis. Investig Clin Urol 2019; 60:258-266. [PMID: 31294135 PMCID: PMC6607070 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2019.60.4.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose A dynamic thiol/disulfide balance is pivotal in organizing anti-oxidant defense, detoxification, apoptosis, and enzyme activities, as well as transcription and cellular signal-transfer mechanisms. The connection between urolithiasis and oxidant/antioxidant status, which can be assessed through thiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH), has not yet been examined. In this study, we evaluated the effects of TDH on the formation, size, and location of stones by examining the associations between TDH parameters and urolithiasis. Materials and Methods Patients with urolithiasis and healthy controls were recruited. The patients were divided into subgroups in terms of stone size (>15 mm or ≤15 mm) and stone location (nephrolithiasis or ureterolithiasis). TDH parameters were measured using a novel automatic and spectrophotometric method and compared statistically. Results TDH parameters were different between the urolithiasis and control groups. TDH tended towards the disulfide side in the urolithiasis group. Stone size increased an average 0.14 mm with a 1 µmol/L increase in disulfide level and decreased an average 0.058 mm with a 1 µmol/L increase in native thiol level. Disulfide and native thiol levels were found to be different across patients with stone size >15 mm, ≤15 mm, and controls (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). However, the nephrolithiasis and ureterolithiasis groups were similar in respect of TDH parameters. Conclusions In this study, it was found that patients with urolithiasis displayed oxidative stress characterized by a TDH tendency towards the disulfide side, and an inadequate antioxidant response identified by a lower level of native thiol as compared with healthy controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Giray Sonmez
- Department of Urology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Betul Kozanhan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Health Sciences, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Çigdem Damla Deniz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sinan Iyisoy
- Department of Medical Education and Informatics, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Tansel Kilinc
- Department of Urology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Ecer
- Department of Urology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozturk
- Department of Urology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Salim Neselioglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Yildirim Beyazit University, School of Medicine, Ankara Ataturk Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozcan Erel
- Department of Biochemistry, Yildirim Beyazit University, School of Medicine, Ankara Ataturk Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rodriguez A, Saez-Torres C, Mir C, Casasayas P, Rodriguez N, Rodrigo D, Frontera G, Buades JM, Gomez C, Costa-Bauza A, Grases F. Effect of sample time on urinary lithogenic risk indexes in healthy and stone-forming adults and children. BMC Urol 2018; 18:116. [PMID: 30567525 PMCID: PMC6299942 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-018-0430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnosis and follow-up of stone forming patients is usually performed by analysis of 24-h urine samples. However, crystallization risk varies throughout the day, being higher at night. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the urinary crystallization risk in adults and children by calculating risk indexes based on different collection periods. Methods The study included 149 adults (82 healthy and 67 stone-formers) and 108 children (87 healthy and 21 stone-formers). 24-h urine was collected, divided into 12-h daytime sample (8 am to 8 pm), and 12-h overnight sample (8 pm to 8 am next morning). Solute concentrations, the calcium to citrate ratio (Ca/Cit), and the ion activity product of calcium oxalate (AP[CaOx]) and calcium phosphate (AP[CaP]) were calculated in each 12-h sample and in overall 24-h urine. Assessments were also related to stone type. Results Ca/Cit and AP(CaOx) were significantly higher in stone forming patients than in healthy subjects. The 12-h overnight samples had the highest values for both risk indexes, confirming a greater risk for crystallization at night. The AP(CaP) index was significantly higher in patients with pure hydroxyapatite stones than healthy controls, but was not significantly different between stone-formers overall and healthy controls. Conclusions The calculation of risk indexes is a simple method that clinicians can use to estimate crystallization risk. For this purpose, the use of 12-h overnight urine may be a reliable alternative to 24-h collections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, Ctra Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Concepcion Saez-Torres
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, Ctra Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Concepcion Mir
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, Ctra Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Son Espases Universitary Hospital, 07020, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Paula Casasayas
- Department of Urology, Son Llatzer Hospital, 07198, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodriguez
- Department of Urology, Son Llatzer Hospital, 07198, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Dolores Rodrigo
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, Ctra Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Son Espases Universitary Hospital, 07020, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Guiem Frontera
- Research Unit, Son Espases Universitary Hospital, 07020, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Buades
- Department of Nephrology, Son Llatzer Hospital, 07198, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cristina Gomez
- Clinical Analysis Service, Son Espases Universitary Hospital, 07020, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonia Costa-Bauza
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, Ctra Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Felix Grases
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, Ctra Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chatterjee P, Chakraborty A, Mukherjee AK. Phase composition and morphological characterization of human kidney stones using IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray Rietveld analysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 200:33-42. [PMID: 29660680 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pathological calcification in human urinary tract (kidney stones) is a common problem affecting an increasing number of people around the world. Analysis of such minerals or compounds is of fundamental importance for understanding their etiology and for the development of prophylactic measures. In the present study, structural characterization, phase quantification and morphological behaviour of thirty three (33) human kidney stones from eastern India have been carried out using IR spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Quantitative phase composition of kidney stones has been analyzed following the Rietveld method. Based on the quantitative estimates of constituent phases, the calculi samples have been classified into oxalate (OX), uric acid (UA), phosphate (PH) and mixed (MX) groups. Rietveld analysis of PXRD patterns showed that twelve (36%) of the renal calculi were composed exclusively of whewellite (calcium oxalate monohydrate, COM). The remaining twenty one (64%) stones were mixture of phases with oxalate as the major constituent in fourteen (67%) of these stones. The average crystallite size of whewellite in oxalate stones, as determined from the PXRD analysis, varies between 93 (1) nm and 202 (3) nm, whereas the corresponding sizes for the uric acid and struvite crystallites in UA and PH stones are 79 (1)-155 (4) nm and 69 (1)-123(1) nm, respectively. The size of hydroxyapatite crystallites, 10 (1)-21 (1) nm, is smaller by about one order of magnitude compared to other minerals in the kidney stones. A statistical analysis using fifty (50) kidney stones (33 calculi from the present study and 17 calculi reported earlier from our laboratory) revealed that the oxalate group (whewellite, weddellite or mixture of whewellite and weddellite as the major constituent) is the most prevalent (82%) kidney stone type in eastern India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Chatterjee
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India; Department of Physics, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata 700017, India
| | - Arup Chakraborty
- Department of Community Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Alok K Mukherjee
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Grases F. Epidemiology of renal lithiasis and associated factors. Med Clin (Barc) 2017; 149:397-398. [PMID: 28545951 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Grases
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Litiasis Renal, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS-IDISBA), Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, España.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arzoz-Fabregas M, Roca-Antonio J, Ibarz-Servio L, Jappie-Mahomed D, Rodgers A. Stress-stones-stress-recurrent stones: a self-propagating cycle? Difficulties in solving this dichotomy. Urolithiasis 2017; 45:515-524. [PMID: 28324150 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-017-0970-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported an association between stress and urolithiasis. Although urinary risk factors have been measured in several of these, compelling evidence of a causal relationship has not been established. A shortcoming is that alterations in single urinary parameters rather than ratios and quotients, which provide a more synergistic risk evaluation, have been measured. Recently, we speculated about a possible association between chronic stress and stone recurrence. This presents an intriguing dichotomy of whether stress causes stones or vice versa, or whether they are linked in a self-propagating stress-stones-stress-recurrence cycle. We investigated the latter hypothesis in a retrospective case-control designed study in which we calculated urinary ratios and quotients which are regarded as diagnostic indicators of stone risk. These included Ca/Cr, Ox/Cr, Mg/Cr, Cit/Cr, urate/Cr and citrate-magnesium-calcium ratios, activity product quotient for calcium oxalate (CaOx) and relative supersaturation of CaOx, brushite and uric acid. Overnight urinary data from 128 participants comprising 31 first time (FS), 33 recurrent (RS) CaOx stone formers and 64 controls were used. All subjects had been previously assessed for chronic stress dimensions, as well as for stress caused by their stone episodes per se. Conditional and unconditional logistic regression (with a Bonferroni correction for multiple tests) and simple linear regression were used to analyse various components of the data. Although RS had more stressful life events, with greater intensity of perception than FS, there were no significant differences between the groups regarding any of the urinary risk factors. No significant association between stressful life events and any of the urinary ratios or quotients was observed. A direct causal link between stress and stone recurrence was not indicated. We believe that future studies should shift their focus from traditional urinary risk factors to other stone-forming mechanisms. However, we recognize that there is an inherent problem in attempting to solve the stress-stones dichotomy as it would be impossible to disentangle alterations in risk factors which arise from lifestyle stress and those arising from stone episodes themselves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Josep Roca-Antonio
- Department of Epidemiology, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Luis Ibarz-Servio
- Department of Urology, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Allen Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Buades Fuster JM, Sanchís Cortés P, Perelló Bestard J, Grases Freixedas F. Plant phosphates, phytate and pathological calcifications in chronic kidney disease. Nefrologia 2016; 37:20-28. [PMID: 27697413 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytate, or myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis dihydrogen phosphate (InsP6), is a naturally occurring phosphorus compound that is present in many foods, mainly legumes, whole grains and nuts. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have cardiovascular disease mortality up to 30times higher than the general population. Vascular calcifications (VCs) directly contribute to overall morbidity and mortality, especially in CKD. In part, this high mortality is due to elevated levels of phosphorus in the blood. Therefore, control of dietary phosphorus is essential. Dietary phosphorus can be classified according to its structure in organic phosphorus (plant and animal) and inorganic (preservatives and additives). Plant-phosphorus (legumes and nuts), mainly associated with InsP6, is less absorbable by the human gastrointestinal tract as the bioavailability of phosphorous from plant-derived foods is very low. Recent data indicate that restriction of foods containing plant phosphates may compromise the adequate supply of nutrients that have a beneficial effect in preventing cardiovascular events, such as InsP6 or fibre found in legumes and nuts. Experimental studies in animals and observational studies in humans suggest that InsP6 can prevent lithiasis and VCs and protect from osteoporosis. In conclusion, we need prospective studies to elucidate the potential benefits and risks of phytate (InsP6) through the diet and as an intravenous drug in patients on haemodialysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pilar Sanchís Cortés
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Litiasis Renal, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud Investigación (IUNICS-IdISPa), Departamento de Química, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, España
| | | | - Félix Grases Freixedas
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Litiasis Renal, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud Investigación (IUNICS-IdISPa), Departamento de Química, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Islas Baleares, España
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Langdon A, Grohe B. The osteopontin-controlled switching of calcium oxalate monohydrate morphologies in artificial urine provides insights into the formation of papillary kidney stones. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 146:296-306. [PMID: 27362921 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The protein osteopontin (OPN) plays an important role in preventing the formation of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) kidney stones. To gain insight into these mechanisms, crystallization was induced by addition of human kidney OPN to artificial urine (ionic strength comparable to urine; without citrate), and the OPN-COM interaction studied using a combination of scanning electron (SEM) and confocal microscopy. By SEM, we found that increasing OPN concentrations formed large monoclinic penetration twins (no protein added) and, at higher concentrations (1-, 2μg/ml OPN), super and hyper twins with crystal habits not found in previous studies. For instance, the hyper twins indicate well-facetted gearwheel-like habits with "teeth" developed in all crystallographic <h0l> directions. At OPN concentrations ≥2μg/ml, a switching to small dumbbell-shaped COM habits with fine-textured surfaces occurred. Confocal microscopy of these dumbbells indicates protein incorporation in almost the entire crystal structure (in contrast to facetted COM), proposing a threshold concentration of ∼2μg/ml OPN for the facetted to the non-facetted habit transformation. Both the gearwheel-like and the dumbbell-shaped habit are again found side-by-side (presumably triggered by OPN concentration gradients within the sample) in in-vitro formed conglomerates, which resemble cross-sections of papillary kidney stones. The abrupt transformation from facetted to non-facetted habits and the unique compliance of the two in-vitro formed habits with the two main morphologies found in papillary kidney stones propose that OPN is a main effector in direct stone-forming processes. Moreover, stone structures which exhibit these two morphologies side-by-side might serve as a novel indicator for OPN concentrations surrounding those structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Langdon
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada, Canada.
| | - Bernd Grohe
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada, Canada; Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A Case of Randall's Plugs Associated to Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate Calculi. Urol Case Rep 2016; 7:37-8. [PMID: 27335788 PMCID: PMC4909500 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of a patient who developed multiple calcium oxalate dihydrate calculi, some of them connected to intratubular calcifications (Randall's plugs), is presented. Randall's plugs were isolated and studied. The mechanism of Randall's plug development is also suggested.
Collapse
|
12
|
Grases F, Costa-Bauzá A. Simplified methods for the evaluation of the risk of forming renal stones and the follow-up of stone-forming propensity during the preventive treatment of stone-formation. Urolithiasis 2015; 44:77-82. [PMID: 26614111 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-015-0838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Renal lithiasis is a complex multifactorial disease in which recurrence is common. Thus, simple and reliable procedures are needed to evaluate patients with previous kidney stones to determine the risk of recurrence. In this paper we review simple biochemical procedures that can be used to determine the risk for renal stone formation when the stone is available or unavailable for analysis. Our present knowledge of renal lithiasis indicates that renal stones form due to several well-defined factors. Analysis of the renal stone itself can provide important information about clinical factors that require further investigation. When the stone is unavailable, it is necessary to perform a general evaluation of main urinary risk factors associated to renal stone formation, but this study should be complemented considering information related to direct familial antecedents, recidivant degree, radiological images, medical history, and life style habits. Finally, tools for patient follow-up of stone-forming propensity during the preventive treatment are discussed .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fèlix Grases
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, Faculty of Sciences, Universitary Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Antonia Costa-Bauzá
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, Faculty of Sciences, Universitary Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Grases F, Prieto RM, Fernández-Cabot RA, Costa-Bauzá A, Sánchez AM, Prodanov M. Effect of consuming a grape seed supplement with abundant phenolic compounds on the oxidative status of healthy human volunteers. Nutr J 2015; 14:94. [PMID: 26353756 PMCID: PMC4563857 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diverse enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants provide protection against reactive oxygen species in humans and other organisms. The nonenzymatic antioxidants include low molecular mass molecules such as plant-derived phenols. AIM OF STUDY This study identified the major phenolic compounds of a grape seed extract by HPLC and analyzed the effect of consumption of biscuits enriched with this extract on the urinary oxidative status of healthy subjects by measurement of urine redox potential. METHODS The major phenolic compounds were characterized in a red grape seed extract separated by HPLC with detection by a photodiode array (PDA), fluorescence (FL) and quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS). A nutritional study in a healthy volunteers group was done. Each volunteer ate eight traditional biscuits with no red grape seed extract supplementation. The second day each volunteer ate eight traditional biscuits supplemented with 0.6% (wt/wt) of grape seed extract. An overnight urine sample was obtained for each treatment. The redox potential was measured at 25 °C using a potentiometer in each urine sample. RESULTS Epicatechin, catechin, procyanidin dimers B1 to B4, and the procyanidin trimer C2 were the major phenolic components in the extract. Epicatechin gallate and procyanidin dimers B1-3-G and B2-3'-G were the major galloylated flavan-3-ols. The forty-six healthy volunteers each shown a reduction of the urine redox potential after the treatment by traditional biscuits supplemented with the grape seed extract. CONCLUSIONS This simple dietary intervention significantly reduced (33%) the urine redox potential, reflecting an overall increase in antioxidant status. Incorporation of plant-derived phenols in the diet may increase anti-oxidative status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Grases
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Rafel M Prieto
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Rafel A Fernández-Cabot
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Antonia Costa-Bauzá
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Ana M Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CEI, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marin Prodanov
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CEI, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Grases F, Rodriguez A, Costa-Bauza A, Saez-Torres C, Rodrigo D, Gómez C, Mir-Perello C, Frontera G. Factors Associated With the Lower Prevalence of Nephrolithiasis in Children Compared With Adults. Urology 2015; 86:587-92. [PMID: 26144339 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the reasons behind the lower prevalence of kidney stones in children by assessing urinary lithogenic parameters in healthy children, healthy adults, and 3 groups of stone-former patients. METHODS The study subjects included 75 healthy adults, 105 healthy children, 62 patients with previous calcium oxalate monohydrate papillary stones, 120 patients with previous calcium oxalate monohydrate unattached stones, and 248 patients with previous calcium oxalate dihydrate stones. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected, and the urinary lithogenic parameters were measured. RESULTS Calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous concentration differed significantly between healthy children and adults. Except citrate, all solute/creatinine ratios differed between healthy children and adults. However, these differences were much more important in the cases of calcium and magnesium. The calcium/creatinine ratio was 2-fold lower, whereas the magnesium/creatinine ratio was 2-fold higher, in healthy children than that in healthy adults (P <.001 each). The calcium/creatinine ratio was higher and the citrate/creatinine ratio lower in calcium oxalate dihydrate stone formers than that in healthy adults. CONCLUSION Ratios of calcium and magnesium to creatinine, as well as morphoanatomic factors and lifestyle habits, may explain the lower prevalence of nephrolithiasis in children than those in adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Grases
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISPa), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Adrian Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISPa), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonia Costa-Bauza
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISPa), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Concepcion Saez-Torres
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISPa), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Dolores Rodrigo
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISPa), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cristina Gómez
- Laboratory Department, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Concepcion Mir-Perello
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISPa), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Guiem Frontera
- Research Unit, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yiu AJ, Callaghan D, Sultana R, Bandyopadhyay BC. Vascular Calcification and Stone Disease: A New Look towards the Mechanism. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2015; 2:141-164. [PMID: 26185749 PMCID: PMC4501032 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd2030141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) crystals are formed in pathological calcification as well as during stone formation. Although there are several theories as to how these crystals can develop through the combined interactions of biochemical and biophysical factors, the exact mechanism of such mineralization is largely unknown. Based on the published scientific literature, we found that common factors can link the initial stages of stone formation and calcification in anatomically distal tissues and organs. For example, changes to the spatiotemporal conditions of the fluid flow in tubular structures may provide initial condition(s) for CaP crystal generation needed for stone formation. Additionally, recent evidence has provided a meaningful association between the active participation of proteins and transcription factors found in the bone forming (ossification) mechanism that are also involved in the early stages of kidney stone formation and arterial calcification. Our review will focus on three topics of discussion (physiological influences-calcium and phosphate concentration-and similarities to ossification, or bone formation) that may elucidate some commonality in the mechanisms of stone formation and calcification, and pave the way towards opening new avenues for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allen J. Yiu
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA; E-Mails: (A.J.Y.); (D.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Daniel Callaghan
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA; E-Mails: (A.J.Y.); (D.C.); (R.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Razia Sultana
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA; E-Mails: (A.J.Y.); (D.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Bidhan C. Bandyopadhyay
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington, DC 20422, USA; E-Mails: (A.J.Y.); (D.C.); (R.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, George Washington University, Ross Hall 2300 Eye Street, NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-202-745-8622; Fax: +1-202-462-2006
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Effects of polyphenols from grape seeds on renal lithiasis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:813737. [PMID: 25883748 PMCID: PMC4389982 DOI: 10.1155/2015/813737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis is a complex disease that results from a combination of factors related to both urine composition and kidney morphoanatomy. Development of calcium oxalate monohydrate papillary calculi is linked to initial subepithelial calcification of renal papilla. Progressive tissue calcification depends on preexisting injury and involves reactive oxygen species. Many plant extracts that protect against oxidative stress manifest antilithiasic activity. Our study focused on determining the effects of polyphenols on a lithiasis rat model. Rats were pretreated with polyphenols and grape seed extracts, followed by posterior induction of hyperoxalosis via treatment with ethylene glycol plus NH4Cl. The concentrations of calcium and other elements in kidney were determined, along with histological examination of kidney and 24 h urine analysis. Significant differences were observed in the renal calcium content between the control plus ethylene glycol-treated group and the epicatechin plus ethylene glycol-treated, red grape seed extract plus ethylene glycol-treated, and white grape seed extract plus ethylene glycol-treated groups, with reductions of about 50%. The antioxidant activity of polyphenols extracted from red and white grape seeds may be critical in the prevention of calcium oxalate monohydrate papillary calculus formation, particularly if calculi are induced by lesions caused by cytotoxic compounds with oxidative capacity.
Collapse
|