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Zhan J, Sun T, Wang X, Wu H, Yu J. Meta-analysis reveals the species-, dose- and duration-dependent effects of cadmium toxicities in marine bivalves. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160164. [PMID: 36395852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a typical pollutant in marine environment. Increasing studies have focused on the toxicological effects of Cd in marine bivalves. However, there were many conflicting findings of toxicological effects of Cd in marine bivalves. An integrated analysis performed on the published data of Cd toxicity in marine bivalves is still absent. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed on the toxic endpoints in bivalves exposed to aqueous-phase Cd from 87 studies screened from 1519 papers. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to the categories of species, tissue, exposure dose and duration. The results showed significant species-, duration- and dose-dependent responses in bivalves to aqueous-phase Cd exposure. In details, clams were more sensitive to Cd than oysters, mussels and scallops, indicated by the largest effect size in clams. Gill, hepatopancreas and hemolymph were top three tissues used to indicate Cd-induced toxicity and did not present a significant tissue-specific manner among them. With regard to toxicological effect subgroups, oxidative stress and detoxification were top two subgroups indicating Cd toxicities. Detoxification and genotoxicity subgroups presented higher response magnitudes. What is more, toxicological effect subgroups presented multiple dose- and duration-dependent curves. Oxidative stress and genotoxicity related endpoints presented significant increase trends with Cd exposure dose and were preferable biomarkers to marine Cd pollution. Detoxification and energy metabolism related endpoints showed inverted U-shaped and U-shaped dose-response curves, both of which could be explained by hormesis. The linear decrease in oxidative stress and energy metabolism related endpoints over time suggested their involvement into the adaptive mechanism in bivalves. Overall, this study provided not only a better understanding the responsive mechanisms of marine bivalves to Cd stress, but also a selection reference for biomarkers to aqueous-phase Cd pollution in marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Conservation of Coastal Wetlands in Universities of Shandong, The Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Tao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Xuehong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Conservation of Coastal Wetlands in Universities of Shandong, The Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China.
| | - Junbao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Conservation of Coastal Wetlands in Universities of Shandong, The Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China.
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Faggio C, Tsarpali V, Dailianis S. Mussel digestive gland as a model tissue for assessing xenobiotics: An overview. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:220-229. [PMID: 29704717 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Control strategies and routine biomonitoring programs are commonly performed worldwide using sentinel marine invertebrates, such as mussels of the genus Mytilus, for assessing the "health status" of the aquatic environment. Those species can accumulate and tolerate xenobiotics at levels higher than those being present into the aquatic environment, thus providing accurate and reliable biological endpoints (e.g. physiological, behavioral, cellular, biochemical and molecular indices) that can be measured in their tissues. Taking under consideration the significance of bivalves for assessing the environmental hazard of xenobiotics being present into the water medium, as well as the key role of digestive gland as a target-tissue for the compounds ingested in the organism, the present study aimed to summarize available data on the effects of different categories of xenobiotic compounds, previously characterized as a potential threat for the marine ecosystems. In this context, different types of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), biocides, microplastics (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs), currently investigated in mussels' digestive gland, using a battery of experimental approaches and analytical methods, as well as stress indices evaluation, are briefly described and further discussed in order to elucidate not only the presence and the toxic mode of action of xenobiotics, but also the important role of the digestive gland as a reliable target-tissue for investigating the effects of xenobiotics at cellular, biochemical, and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31 98166 S. Agata-Messina, Italy.
| | - Vasiliki Tsarpali
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, Patras 26 500, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, Patras 26 500, Greece
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3
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Boeri M, Oliveri C, Camurati C, Viarengo A, Sforzini S. Effects of Cr(VI) on Ca 2+-ATPase activity in the earthworm Eisenia andrei. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 203:21-28. [PMID: 29032143 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Cr(VI) as a soil contaminant on the edaphic worm Eisenia andrei was studied by evaluating the activity of Ca2+-ATPase in the intestinal mucosa. In eukaryotes, Ca2+-ATPase is a key mediator of cell signaling although comparatively little is known about its activity in earthworms. Size and anatomical constraints (i.e. small and complex) led us to develop and optimize a cyto-biochemical method to measure Ca2+-ATPase activity in earthworms. The principal site of enzyme activity was found to be the post clitellar intestinal tract; immunohistochemistry then identified plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA ATPase) in the apical area of the intestinal epithelium. Earthworms exposed for 28days to OECD soil contaminated with 1, 2, and 15mg/Kg Cr(VI) demonstrated about 70% inhibition of Ca2+-ATPase activity at the low Cr (VI) concentration (the half of the Italian law limit for residential areas), rising to approximately 84% inhibition at the highest concentration. Reduced enzyme activity was accompanied by decreased enzyme content and reduced lysosomal membrane stability (LMS), which is a well established early warning biomarker of stress. These data demonstrate the potential utility of Ca2+-ATPase activity as a sensitive parameter with which to detect environmental stress in earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Boeri
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Caterina Oliveri
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Corrado Camurati
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Aldo Viarengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
| | - Susanna Sforzini
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
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4
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Wang X, Wang M, Jia Z, Wang H, Jiang S, Chen H, Wang L, Song L. Ocean acidification stimulates alkali signal pathway: A bicarbonate sensing soluble adenylyl cyclase from oyster Crassostrea gigas mediates physiological changes induced by CO 2 exposure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 181:124-135. [PMID: 27837685 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) has been demonstrated to have severe effects on marine organisms, especially marine calcifiers. However, the impacts of OA on the physiology of marine calcifiers and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is an acid-base sensor in response to [HCO3-] and an intracellular source of cyclic AMP (cAMP). In the present study, an ortholog of sAC was identified from pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (designated as CgsAC) and the catalytic region of CgsAC was cloned and expressed. Similar to the native CgsAC from gill tissues, the recombinant CgsAC protein (rCgsAC) exhibited [HCO3-] mediated cAMP-forming activity, which could be inhibited by a small molecule KH7. After 16days of CO2 exposure (pH=7.50), the mRNA transcripts of CgsAC increased in muscle, mantle, hepatopancreas, gill, male gonad and haemocytes, and two truncated CgsAC forms of 45kD and 20kD were produced. Cytosolic CgsAC could be translocated from the cytoplasm and nuclei to the membrane in response to CO2 exposure. Besides, CO2 exposure could increase the production of cAMP and intracellular pH of haemocytes, which was regulated by CgsAC (p<0.05), suggesting the existence of a [HCO3-]/CgsAC/cAMP signal pathway in oyster. The elevated CO2 could induce an increase of ROS level (p<0.05) and a decrease of phagocytic rate of haemocytes (p<0.05), which could be inhibited by KH7. The results collectively suggest that CgsAC is an important acid-base sensor in oyster and the [HCO3-]/CgsAC/cAMP signal pathway might be responsible for intracellular alkalization effects on oxidative phosphorylation and innate immunity under CO2 exposure. The changes of intracellular pH, ROS, and phagocytosis mediated by CgsAC might help us to further understand the effects of ocean acidification on marine calcifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiudan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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Della Torre C, Bocci E, Focardi SE, Corsi I. Differential ABCB and ABCC gene expression and efflux activities in gills and hemocytes of Mytilus galloprovincialis and their involvement in cadmium response. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 93:56-63. [PMID: 23886692 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to characterize ABC transport proteins gene expression and efflux activities in gills and hemocytes of the Mediterranean mussel and to evaluate their response to Cd. At basal level a higher expression of abcb-like gene was observed in gills than in hemocytes while abcc-like gene showed similar levels. Both P-gp and MRPs inhibitors (cyclosporine and MK571) blocked efflux activities in gills; hemocytes were sensitive only to MK571. After 120 min in vitro pre-exposure to CdCl2, the efflux activity increased significantly in gills and hemocytes. In vivo exposure to CdCl2 (0.4 μM) increased abcb-like gene expression in gills without affecting efflux activity. In hemocytes abcc-like gene resulted up-regulated and Ca-AM efflux resulted enhanced. An increased uptake of Cd in gills biopsies was observed in the presence of both P-gp and MRPs inhibitors. Our results indicate that ABC transporters seem involved in the first protective response to Cd and this response is tissue-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Della Torre
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Elena Bocci
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Silvano Ettore Focardi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Koutsogiannaki S, Franzellitti S, Fabbri E, Kaloyianni M. Oxidative stress parameters induced by exposure to either cadmium or 17β-estradiol on Mytilus galloprovincialis hemocytes. The role of signaling molecules. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 146:186-195. [PMID: 24316436 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the possible effects of exposure to an estrogen, 17β-estradiol and to a metal, cadmium on oxidative parameters of Mytilus galloprovincialis hemocytes and to elucidate the signaling pathways that probably mediate the studied effects exerted by these two chemicals. In addition, it was of interest to investigate if the studied parameters could constitute biomarkers for aquatic pollution monitoring. Our results suggest that micromolar concentrations of either cadmium or 17β-estradiol affected the redox status of mussels by modulating oxidative parameters and antioxidant enzymes gene expression in mussel M. galloprovincialis hemocytes. In particular, our results showed that treatment of hemocytes with either 5 μM of cadmium chloride or with 25 nM of 17β-estradiol for 30 min caused significant increased ROS production; this led to oxidative damage exemplified by significant increased DNA damage, protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation, as well as increased mRNA levels of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismoutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Furthermore, our results suggest that either cadmium or 17β-estradiol signal is mediated either through one of the already known pathways initiated by photatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and reaching Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) probably through protein kinase C (PKC) or a kinase-mediated signaling pathway that involves in most of the cases NHE, PKC, Ca(2+)-dependent PKC isoforms, PI3-K, NADPH oxidase, nitric oxide (NO) synthase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and cyclic adenosine-3'-5'-monophosphate (cAMP). Our results also attribute a protective role to cAMP, since pre-elevated intracellular cAMP levels inhibited the signal induced by each exposure. Finally, since aquatic invertebrates have been the most widely used monitoring organisms for pollution impact evaluation in marine environments and taking under consideration the positive correlation obtained between the studied parameters, we can suggest the simultaneous use of these oxidative stress parameters offering an effective early warning system in biomonitoring of aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Koutsogiannaki
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Zoology Department, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Silvia Franzellitti
- University of Bologna, Interdepartment Centre for Environmental Science Research, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Elena Fabbri
- University of Bologna, Interdepartment Centre for Environmental Science Research, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy; University of Bologna, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, via Selmi 3, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martha Kaloyianni
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Zoology Department, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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7
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Franzellitti S, Fabbri E. Cyclic-AMP mediated regulation of ABCB mRNA expression in mussel haemocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61634. [PMID: 23593491 PMCID: PMC3625153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The multixenobiotic resistance system (MXR) allows aquatic organisms to cope with their habitat despite high pollution levels by over-expressing membrane and intracellular transporters, including the P-glycoprotein (Pgp). In mammals transcription of the ABCB1 gene encoding Pgp is under cAMP/PKA-mediated regulation; whether this is true in mollusks is not fully clarified. Methodology/Principal Findings cAMP/PKA regulation and ABCB mRNA expression were assessed in haemocytes from Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) exposed in vivo for 1 week to 0.3 ng/L fluoxetine (FX) alone or in combination with 0.3 ng/L propranolol (PROP). FX significantly decreased cAMP levels and PKA activity, and induced ABCB mRNA down-regulation. FX effects were abolished in the presence of PROP. In vitro experiments using haemocytes treated with physiological agonists (noradrenaline and serotonin) and pharmacological modulators (PROP, forskolin, dbcAMP, and H89) of the cAMP/PKA system were performed to obtain clear evidence about the involvement of the signaling pathway in the transcriptional regulation of ABCB. Serotonin (5-HT) decreased cAMP levels, PKA activity and ABCB mRNA expression but increased the mRNA levels for a putative 5-HT1 receptor. Interestingly, 5-HT1 was also over-expressed after in vivo exposures to FX. 5-HT effects were counteracted by PROP. Forskolin and dbcAMP increased PKA activity as well as ABCB mRNA expression; the latter effect was abolished in the presence of the PKA inhibitor H89. Conclusions This study provides the first direct evidence for the cAMP/PKA-mediated regulation of ABCB transcription in mussels.
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MESH Headings
- 5' Untranslated Regions/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Bucladesine/pharmacology
- Colforsin/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Fluoxetine/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hemocytes/drug effects
- Hemocytes/metabolism
- Humans
- Isoquinolines/pharmacology
- Models, Biological
- Mytilus/drug effects
- Mytilus/enzymology
- Mytilus/genetics
- Norepinephrine/pharmacology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Propranolol/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT1/genetics
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT1/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Franzellitti
- Interdepartment Centre for Environmental Science Research, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy.
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Qiu J, Liu Y, Yu M, Pang Z, Chen W, Xu Z. Identification and functional characterization of MRE-binding transcription factor (MTF) in Crassostrea gigas and its conserved role in metal-induced response. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:3321-31. [PMID: 23271123 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The full-length cDNA that encodes the MRE-binding transcription factor (MTF) was cloned from the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and the rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The cgMTF cDNA sequence is 2892 bp long, with a 2508 bp open reading frame that encodes an 835-amino acid polypeptide. Multiple alignment revealed that cgMTF has four putative zinc finger-like regions in cgMTF with three C2C2-type zinc fingers and one C2H2-type zinc finger. After 12 h of exposure to Cd(2+), the cgMTF mRNA level was increased in a dose-dependent manner, which then subsided with time. cgMTF stimulates the cgMT promoter reporter in the HEK293 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. When either of the metal-responsive elements (MRE1 or MRE2) of the cgMT promoter was mutated, the cgMT promoter reporter activity was significantly reduced. After the two MREs were mutated simultaneously, the promoter activity was completely abolished. In conclusion, we identified an MTF in C. gigas and revealed the presence of an evolutionarily conserved molecular mechanism for coping with environmental metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Qiu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEP, Guangzhou 510655, China
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Itziou A, Dimitriadis VK. Multiple pollution biomarker application on tissues of Eobania vermiculata during two periods characterized by augmented and reduced snail activity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 86:13-22. [PMID: 23020987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study a package of biomarkers was applied on land snails E. vermiculata collected from polluted areas, as well as from an unpolluted reference one. Snail collection was performed during two different sampling periods characterized by reduced and augmented organism activity, October and May, respectively. The biomarkers applied were lysosomal membrane stability on digestive cells (LMS), neutral red lysosomal retention assay on haemocytes (NRR), morphometric changes of the lysosomal system (VDL, NDL), morphometric alterations of the neutral lipids (VDLP, NDLP), acetylcholinesterase activity on digestive gland and hemolymph (AChE), metallothionein content on digestive gland (MTs) and cyclic AMP content on digestive gland (cAMP). The results revealed significant differences in biomarker values between the two sampling periods. Significant differences were also detected among the sampling groups. The fluctuation of the parameters applied indicated that spring is a more suitable period for sampling conduction compared to autumn and that biomonitoring studies should be performed with special attention during the last mentioned period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Itziou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Tsarpali V, Dailianis S. Investigation of landfill leachate toxic potency: an integrated approach with the use of stress indices in tissues of mussels. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 124-125:58-65. [PMID: 22898235 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the harmful impacts of landfill leachate release and/or disposal into the marine environment, as well as its ability to induce lethal and pre-pathological alterations in marine organisms, such as the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. In specific, mortality test (96 h), performed first in order to estimate leachate lethal endpoints, showed increased levels of mussel mortality after exposure to leachate higher than 0.5%, v/v (96 h LC(50)=0.526%, v/v), while the exposure to 0.01 and 0.1% (v/v) of leachate showed negligible levels of mortality (96 h LC(10)=0.167%, v/v). Furthermore, the estimation of lysosomal membrane integrity in hemocytes of exposed mussels (Neutral Red Retention Time assay) showed increased levels of lysosomal destabilization in cells of mussels exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of leachate (0.01, 0.1 and 0.5%, v/v) for 4 days. In order to exclude parameters, such as mussel mortality and cell death, which could interfere with the obtained results, leachate at final concentrations of 0.01 and 0.1% (v/v) were finally used for the estimation of a battery of stress indices in target tissues of mussels, such as hemolymph, gills and digestive gland. According to the results, leachate-exposed mussels showed a significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity, increased levels of nuclear abnormalities, as well as increased levels of metallothionein, superoxide anion and lipid peroxides (in terms of malondialdehyde equivalents) in each tissue tested. The results of the present study clearly indicate leachate-induced lethal effects as well as the ability of leachate to induce disturbances on different levels of organism function before mortality occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Tsarpali
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
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11
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Dimitriadis VK, Gougoula C, Anestis A, Pörtner HO, Michaelidis B. Monitoring the biochemical and cellular responses of marine bivalves during thermal stress by using biomarkers. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 73:70-77. [PMID: 22119541 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present work aimed to study the cellular, biochemical and molecular biomarkers in the digestive glands and hemocytes of Modiolus barbatus and whether there is a hierarchy in their response to thermal stress. We determined a) the neutral red retention assay (NRR) in heamotocytes and b) the lysosomal membrane stability (LMS), the levels of second messenger cAMP, the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the digestive glands of Modiolus barbatus after acclimation to 18 °C, 24 °C, 28 °C or 30 °C for 30 days. Moreover, in order to estimate the threshold of temperature inducing expression of stress proteins we determined the levels of Hsp70 and Hsp90 in the digestive glands. Hsps are expressed at lower temperature than those causing reduction in the LMS and NNR times. The reduction in the LMS and NNR times at high temperatures of acclimation might be related to inability of Modiolus barbatus to gain energy from the ingested food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios K Dimitriadis
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54006, Greece
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Franzellitti S, Capuzzo A, Viarengo A, Fabbri E. Interactive effects of nickel and chlorpyrifos on Mediterranean mussel cAMP-mediated cell signaling and MXR-related gene expressions. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 154:377-82. [PMID: 21798369 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to infer putative interactive effects of a binary mixture between nickel (Ni) and chlorpyrifos (CHP) on mussel cell signaling, and also to unravel downstream effects on transcriptional regulation mediating cytoprotective responses. Mussels were exposed for 4 days to Ni (0.77 mg/L), CHP (4.5 mg/L), or the mixture Ni/CHP (0.135 mg/L Ni and 0.61 mg/L CHP). Cyclic AMP content and PKA activity in gills were evaluated as biological endpoints related to cell signaling. Expression of the MgPgp (ABCB1) and MgMvp genes was also assessed as involved in the mussel MXR mechanism. Levels of cAMP and PKA activities were not modified in mussels exposed to Ni or CHP, whereas they significantly increased in organisms exposed to the mixture. Similar responses were also detected for MgPgp expression, which is thought to be under cAMP/PKA-mediated regulation. Expression of MgMvp was unaffected by CHP or Ni/CHP exposure, and increased by Ni. The differential regulation of MgPgp and MgMvp expressions could be ascribed to the different intracellular localization and function of the two transporters. On the whole, present data indicated that Ni and CHP elicited interactive effects on mussel physiology, both at the signal transduction and at the gene expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Franzellitti
- University of Bologna, Interdepartment Centre for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRSA), via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy.
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Danellakis D, Ntaikou I, Kornaros M, Dailianis S. Olive oil mill wastewater toxicity in the marine environment: alterations of stress indices in tissues of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 101:358-366. [PMID: 21216346 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of olive mill wastewater (OMW) as a pollutant of the marine environment, via the detection of stress indice alterations in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. Due to the absence of data concerning the levels of OMW in the receiving waters, mortality test (96h) was first performed in order to estimate the range of OMW concentration where no mortality occurs. OMW concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.1% (v/v) showed no increased mortality and thus were used for the determination of pre-pathological alterations in tissues of mussels. In particular, mussels exposed to either 0.1 or 0.01% (v/v) OMW for 5 days showed significant alterations of stress indices in their tissues. Specifically, decreased neutral red retention (NRR) assay time values, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, as well as a significant increase of micronucleus (MN) frequency and DNA damage were detected in haemolymph/haemocytes and gills, compared with values measured in tissues of control mussels. The results of the present study showed that OMW disposal into the marine environment could induce pre-pathological alterations in marine organisms, before severe disturbances, such as disease, mortality, or population changes occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Danellakis
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
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Fabbri E, Capuzzo A. Cyclic AMP signaling in bivalve molluscs: an overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 313:179-200. [PMID: 20127660 DOI: 10.1002/jez.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent signaling accounts for the control of cellular cascades involved in many physiological functions, and a wealth of information is available on the cAMP system that operates in mammalian cells. Nevertheless, cAMP has a central role also in nonmammalian vertebrates and invertebrates. The present review aims at examining the information available on bivalve molluscs, from the first studies carried out in the early 1980s to the last progresses made in the present days. The major focus is on the structural and operational characteristics of the main actors of the signaling pathway, i.e., adenylyl cyclase, G proteins, and protein kinase A, and on the role played by the cyclic nucleotide on smooth muscle, heart, gills, gonads, and metabolism regulation. Moreover, recent evidence regarding the cAMP system as a target of environmental stress factors are discussed. It will become clear that cAMP does play a wide and important role in bivalve physiology. Several issues have been sufficiently clarified, although investigated only in a few model species. However, further fundamental aspects remain unknown, mainly regarding molecular features and interactions with other signaling pathways, thus requiring further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fabbri
- Interdepartment Centre for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRSA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy.
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Itziou A, Dimitriadis VK. The potential role of cAMP as a pollution biomarker of terrestrial environments using the land snail Eobania vermiculata: correlation with lysosomal membrane stability. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 76:1315-1322. [PMID: 19631962 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the role of the signal transduction molecule cAMP, and the lysosomal membrane stability (LMS), as biomarkers of terrestrial environmental pollution using the land snail Eobania vermiculata. Snails were exposed to different concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Cu) and organic pollutants (chlorpyrifos, parathion-methyl and PAHs) in laboratory conditions for 25 days. In addition, snails were collected from various sites located at different distances away from two polluted areas in northern Greece (the road Agiou Dimitriou in Thessaloniki city and a lignite power station in the district of Kozani). The results of the current investigation showed significantly increased levels of cAMP in the digestive gland of snails, as well as decreased LMS values in all experimental groups compared to control animals. In support of our data, cAMP levels were significantly negatively correlated with the conventional biomarker LMS, thus encouraging the use of cAMP as a new potential stress index in terrestrial pollution biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Itziou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Kaloyianni M, Dailianis S, Chrisikopoulou E, Zannou A, Koutsogiannaki S, Alamdari DH, Koliakos G, Dimitriadis VK. Oxidative effects of inorganic and organic contaminants on haemolymph of mussels. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 149:631-9. [PMID: 19358338 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We applied a newly-established method in haemolymph of mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, exposed to different concentrations of heavy metals, such as zinc and cadmium and organic pollutants, such as PAHs and lindane, for the detection of total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The susceptibility of exposed mussels was increased in relation to oxidative stress induced by contaminants tested. Oxidative modifications of proteins were estimated by measuring protein carbonyl content (PCC) and malondialdehyde levels (MDA). For PCC measurement, a highly sensitive and accurate ELISA method, which requires only 5 microg of protein, was used. The significant increase of PCC and MDA in haemolymph of exposed mussels reinforces its role as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Significant correlation of TAC assay, PCC and MDA was conducted in order to evaluate the utility of PCC and TAC assay, used in the present study, as tools for determining oxidative effects of pollutants in mussels. The results reinforce the application of PCC method as useful tool for the determination of PCC alterations in haemolymph of mussels exposed to different levels of contaminants. In addition, the TAC method gives encouraging results, concerning its ability to predict antioxidant efficiency in haemolymph of mussels exposed to inorganic and organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kaloyianni
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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