1
|
Characteristics and Risk Assessment of 16 Metals in Street Dust Collected from a Highway in a Densely Populated Metropolitan Area of Vietnam. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12121548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study focused on investigating the contamination and risk assessment for 16 metals in street dust from Ha Noi highway, Ho Chi Minh City. The results indicated that the concentrations of metals (mg/kg) were found, in decreasing order, to be Ti (676.3 ± 155.4) > Zn (519.2 ± 318.9) > Mn (426.6 ±113.1) > Cu (144.7 ± 61.5) > Cr (81.4 ± 22.6) > Pb (52.2 ± 22.9) > V (35.5 ± 5.6) > Ni (30.9 ± 9.5) > Co (8.3 ± 1.2) > As (8.3 ± 2.5) > Sn (7.0 ± 3.6) > B (5.7 ± 0.9) > Mo (4.1 ± 1.7) > Sb (0.8 ± 0.3) > Cd (0.6 ± 0.2) > Se (0.4 ± 0.1). The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) showed moderate contamination levels for Pb, Cd, Cu, Sn, Mo, and Zn. The enrichment factor (EF) values revealed moderate levels for Cd, Cu, Mo, and Sn but moderate–severe levels for Zn. The pollution load index of the heavy metals was moderate. The potential ecological risk (207.43) showed a high potential. Notably, 40.7% and 33.5% of the ecological risks were contributed by Zn and Mn, respectively. These findings are expected to provide useful information to decision-makers about environmental quality control strategies.
Collapse
|
2
|
Dat ND, Nguyen VT, Vo TDH, Bui XT, Bui MH, Nguyen LSP, Nguyen XC, Tran ATK, Nguyen TTA, Ju YR, Huynh TMT, Nguyen DH, Bui HN, Lin C. Contamination, source attribution, and potential health risks of heavy metals in street dust of a metropolitan area in Southern Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:50405-50419. [PMID: 33954920 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates distribution, pollution indices, and potential risk assessment for human health and ecology of eight heavy metals in twenty-five street dust samples collected from metropolitan area-Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Results showed that Zn was of the highest concentration (466.4 ± 236.5 mg/kg), followed by Mn (393.9 ± 93.2 mg/kg), Cu (153.7 ± 64.7 mg/kg), Cr (102.4 ± 50.5 mg/kg), Pb (49.6 ± 21.4 mg/kg), Ni (36.2 ± 15.4 mg/kg), Co (7.9 ± 1.9 mg/kg), and Cd (0.5 ± 0.5 mg/kg). The principal component analysis revealed that three sources of heavy metals measured in street dust include vehicular activities (32.38%), mixed source of vehicular and residential activities (26.72%), and mixture of industrial and natural sources (20.23%). The geo-accumulation index values showed levels of non-pollution to moderately pollution for Mn and Co; moderately pollution for Ni; moderately to strongly pollution for Cd, Cr, and Pb; and strongly pollution for Cu and Zn. The potential ecological risk values of all sampling sites were close to the high-risk category. Zn (28.9%), Cu (25.4%), and Mn (24.4%) dominantly contributed to the ecological risk. For non-carcinogenic risk, the hazard quotient values for both children and adults were within a safety level. For carcinogenic risk, the TCRChildren was about 3 times higher than TCRAdults, but still within a tolerable limit (1 × 10-6 to 1 × 10-4) of cancer risk. Cr was a major contribution to potential risks in humans. Such studies on heavy metal in street dust are crucial but are still limited in Vietnam/or metropolitan area in Southeast Asia. Therefore, this study can fill the information gap about heavy metal contaminated street dust in a metropolitan area of Vietnam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Duy Dat
- Faculty of Chemical & Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Van-Truc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Saigon University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Dieu-Hien Vo
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung ward, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Manh-Ha Bui
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Saigon University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ly Sy Phu Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Xuan-Cuong Nguyen
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Anh Thi-Kim Tran
- Faculty of Chemical & Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Tinh-Au Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical & Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Yun-Ru Ju
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National United University, 2, Lienda, Na-Shih Li, Miaoli, 36063, Taiwan ROC
| | - Thi-Minh-Trang Huynh
- Graduate Institute of Applied Geology, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32000, Taiwan ROC
| | - Duy-Hieu Nguyen
- College of Maritime, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, City, 81157, Taiwan ROC
| | - Hiep-Nghia Bui
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Dayeh University, 168 University Road, Dacun, Changhua, 51591, Taiwan ROC
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan ROC
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shahid M, Khalid S. Foliar application of lead and arsenic solutions to Spinacia oleracea: biophysiochemical analysis and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:39763-39773. [PMID: 32166684 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric contamination by heavy metal(loid)s is a widespread global issue. Recent studies have shown foliar pathway of heavy metal(loid) uptake by plants, thus menacing plant productivity and threatening health risks. In contrast to root uptake of heavy metal(loid)s, there is scarce data available on heavy metal(loid) foliar uptake, accumulation in different plant parts, changes in growth and other biophysiochemical processes/reactions, detoxification mechanisms and associated health risks due to the consumption of contaminated vegetables. This study evaluated the effect of foliar application of two potentially toxic metal(loid)s (arsenic (As) and lead (Pb)) on their uptake by Spinacia oleracea, plant growth, pigment contents, physiological changes, and activation of antioxidative enzymes. Results revealed that S. oleracea seedlings can accumulate both the metal(loid)s in their leaves via foliar pathway. Arsenic was transferred from the leaves towards the roots, while Pb was mainly sequestered in S. oleracea leaves. Both the metal(loid)s significantly decreased plant growth and pigment contents, As being more toxic than Pb. Foliar application of As and Pb did not cause lipid peroxidation and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, both the metal(loid)s enhanced the activities of antioxidative enzymes. We also calculated possible health risks (both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic) due to As and Pb accumulation in the edible parts for both the adults and children. It was observed that As can induce non-carcinogenic effects (HQ > 1) in children only, while both As and Pb can cause carcinogenic hazards in both adults and children under their all applied foliar levels. Therefore, it is proposed that As and Pb contents in the atmosphere must be monitored continuously for their possible foliar uptake and accumulation in edible plant parts to avoid cancer risks. Moreover, multivariate analysis traced weak-strong correlations between metal(loid) treatments and plant response variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|