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Haq KT, McLean K, Salameh S, Swift L, Posnack NG. Electroanatomical Adaptations in the Guinea Pig Heart from Neonatal to Adulthood. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.26.577234. [PMID: 38352347 PMCID: PMC10862765 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Electroanatomical adaptations during the neonatal to adult phase have not been comprehensively studied in preclinical animal models. To explore the impact of age as a biological variable on cardiac electrophysiology, we employed neonatal and adult guinea pigs, which are a recognized animal model for developmental research. Methods Healthy guinea pigs were categorized into three age groups (neonates, n=10; younger adults, n=13; and older adults, n=26). Electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings were collected in vivo from anesthetized animals (2-3% isoflurane). A Langendorff-perfusion system was employed for optical assessment of epicardial action potentials and calcium transients, using intact excised heart preparations. Optical data sets were analyzed and metric maps were constructed using Kairosight 3.0. Results The allometric relationship between heart weight and body weight diminishes with age, as it is strongest at the neonatal stage (R 2 = 0.84) and completely abolished in older adults (R 2 = 1E-06). Neonatal hearts exhibit circular activation waveforms, while adults show prototypical elliptical shapes. Neonatal conduction velocity (40.6±4.0 cm/s) is slower than adults (younger adults: 61.6±9.3 cm/s; older adults: 53.6±9.2 cm/s). Neonatal hearts have a longer action potential duration (APD) and exhibit regional heterogeneity (left apex; APD30: 68.6±5.6 ms, left basal; APD30: 62.8±3.6), which was absent in adult epicardium. With dynamic pacing, neonatal hearts exhibit a flatter APD restitution slope (APD70: 0.29±0.04) compared to older adults (0.49±0.04). Similar restitution characteristics are observed with extrasystolic pacing, with a flatter slope in neonatal hearts (APD70: 0.54±0.1) compared to adults (Younger adults: 0.85±0.4; Older adults: 0.95±0.7). Finally, neonatal hearts display unidirectional excitation-contraction coupling, while adults exhibit bidirectionality. Conclusion The transition from neonatal to adulthood in guinea pig hearts is characterized by transient changes in electroanatomic properties. Age-specific patterns can influence cardiac physiology, pathology, and therapies for cardiovascular diseases. Understanding postnatal heart development is crucial to evaluating therapeutic eligibility, safety, and efficacy. What is Known Age-specific cardiac electroanatomical characteristics have been documented in humans and some preclinical animal models. These age-specific patterns can influence cardiac physiology, pathology, and therapies for cardiovascular diseases. What the Study Adds Cardiac electroanatomical characteristics are age-specific in guinea pigs, a well-known preclinical model for developmental studies. Age-dependent adaptations in cardiac electrophysiology are readily observed in the electrocardiogram recordings and via optical mapping of epicardial action potentials and calcium transients. Our findings reveal unique activation and repolarization characteristics between neonatal and adult animals.
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2
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Zhuo D, Lei I, Li W, Liu L, Li L, Ni J, Liu Z, Fan G. The origin, progress, and application of cell-based cardiac regeneration therapy. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1732-1755. [PMID: 37334836 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become a severe threat to human health, with morbidity and mortality increasing yearly and gradually becoming younger. When the disease progresses to the middle and late stages, the loss of a large number of cardiomyocytes is irreparable to the body itself, and clinical drug therapy and mechanical support therapy cannot reverse the development of the disease. To explore the source of regenerated myocardium in model animals with the ability of heart regeneration through lineage tracing and other methods, and develop a new alternative therapy for CVDs, namely cell therapy. It directly compensates for cardiomyocyte proliferation through adult stem cell differentiation or cell reprogramming, which indirectly promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation through non-cardiomyocyte paracrine, to play a role in heart repair and regeneration. This review comprehensively summarizes the origin of newly generated cardiomyocytes, the research progress of cardiac regeneration based on cell therapy, the opportunity and development of cardiac regeneration in the context of bioengineering, and the clinical application of cell therapy in ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Zhuo
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ienglam Lei
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Ni
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Salameh S, Ogueri V, Posnack NG. Adapting to a new environment: postnatal maturation of the human cardiomyocyte. J Physiol 2023; 601:2593-2619. [PMID: 37031380 PMCID: PMC10775138 DOI: 10.1113/jp283792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The postnatal mammalian heart undergoes remarkable developmental changes, which are stimulated by the transition from the intrauterine to extrauterine environment. With birth, increased oxygen levels promote metabolic, structural and biophysical maturation of cardiomyocytes, resulting in mature muscle with increased efficiency, contractility and electrical conduction. In this Topical Review article, we highlight key studies that inform our current understanding of human cardiomyocyte maturation. Collectively, these studies suggest that human atrial and ventricular myocytes evolve quickly within the first year but might not reach a fully mature adult phenotype until nearly the first decade of life. However, it is important to note that fetal, neonatal and paediatric cardiac physiology studies are hindered by a number of limitations, including the scarcity of human tissue, small sample size and a heavy reliance on diseased tissue samples, often without age-matched healthy controls. Future developmental studies are warranted to expand our understanding of normal cardiac physiology/pathophysiology and inform age-appropriate treatment strategies for cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Salameh
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vanessa Ogueri
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nikki Gillum Posnack
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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4
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Uscategui Calderon M, Gonzalez BA, Yutzey KE. Cardiomyocyte-fibroblast crosstalk in the postnatal heart. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1163331. [PMID: 37077417 PMCID: PMC10106698 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1163331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During the postnatal period in mammals, the heart undergoes significant remodeling in response to increased circulatory demands. In the days after birth, cardiac cells, including cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, progressively lose embryonic characteristics concomitant with the loss of the heart’s ability to regenerate. Moreover, postnatal cardiomyocytes undergo binucleation and cell cycle arrest with induction of hypertrophic growth, while cardiac fibroblasts proliferate and produce extracellular matrix (ECM) that transitions from components that support cellular maturation to production of the mature fibrous skeleton of the heart. Recent studies have implicated interactions of cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes within the maturing ECM environment to promote heart maturation in the postnatal period. Here, we review the relationships of different cardiac cell types and the ECM as the heart undergoes both structural and functional changes during development. Recent advances in the field, particularly in several recently published transcriptomic datasets, have highlighted specific signaling mechanisms that underlie cellular maturation and demonstrated the biomechanical interdependence of cardiac fibroblast and cardiomyocyte maturation. There is increasing evidence that postnatal heart development in mammals is dependent on particular ECM components and that resulting changes in biomechanics influence cell maturation. These advances, in definition of cardiac fibroblast heterogeneity and function in relation to cardiomyocyte maturation and the extracellular environment provide, support for complex cell crosstalk in the postnatal heart with implications for heart regeneration and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Uscategui Calderon
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Brittany A. Gonzalez
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Katherine E. Yutzey
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Katherine E. Yutzey,
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Dimasi CG, Darby JRT, Morrison JL. A change of heart: understanding the mechanisms regulating cardiac proliferation and metabolism before and after birth. J Physiol 2023; 601:1319-1341. [PMID: 36872609 PMCID: PMC10952280 DOI: 10.1113/jp284137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cardiomyocytes undergo major maturational changes in preparation for birth and postnatal life. Immature cardiomyocytes contribute to cardiac growth via proliferation and thus the heart has the capacity to regenerate. To prepare for postnatal life, structural and metabolic changes associated with increased cardiac output and function must occur. This includes exit from the cell cycle, hypertrophic growth, mitochondrial maturation and sarcomeric protein isoform switching. However, these changes come at a price: the loss of cardiac regenerative capacity such that damage to the heart in postnatal life is permanent. This is a significant barrier to the development of new treatments for cardiac repair and contributes to heart failure. The transitional period of cardiomyocyte growth is a complex and multifaceted event. In this review, we focus on studies that have investigated this critical transition period as well as novel factors that may regulate and drive this process. We also discuss the potential use of new biomarkers for the detection of myocardial infarction and, in the broader sense, cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G. Dimasi
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Jack R. T. Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
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Drenckhahn JD, Nicin L, Akhouaji S, Krück S, Blank AE, Schänzer A, Yörüker U, Jux C, Tombor L, Abplanalp W, John D, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S, Rupp S. Cardiomyocyte hyperplasia and immaturity but not hypertrophy are characteristic features of patients with RASopathies. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 178:22-35. [PMID: 36948385 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS RASopathies are caused by mutations in genes that alter the MAP kinase pathway and are marked by several malformations with cardiovascular disorders as the predominant cause of mortality. Mechanistic insights in the underlying pathogenesis in affected cardiac tissue are rare. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of RASopathy causing mutations on the human heart. METHODS AND RESULTS Using single cell approaches and histopathology we analyzed cardiac tissue from children with different RASopathy-associated mutations compared to age-matched dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and control hearts. The volume of cardiomyocytes was reduced in RASopathy conditions compared to controls and DCM patients, and the estimated number of cardiomyocytes per heart was ~4-10 times higher. Single nuclei RNA sequencing of a 13-year-old RASopathy patient (carrying a PTPN11 c.1528C > G mutation) revealed that myocardial cell composition and transcriptional patterns were similar to <1 year old DCM hearts. Additionally, immaturity of cardiomyocytes is shown by an increased MYH6/MYH7 expression ratio and reduced expression of genes associated with fatty acid metabolism. In the patient with the PTPN11 mutation activation of the MAP kinase pathway was not evident in cardiomyocytes, whereas increased phosphorylation of PDK1 and its downstream kinase Akt was detected. CONCLUSION In conclusion, an immature cardiomyocyte differentiation status appears to be preserved in juvenile RASopathy patients. The increased mass of the heart in such patients is due to an increase in cardiomyocyte number (hyperplasia) but not an enlargement of individual cardiomyocytes (hypertrophy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg-Detlef Drenckhahn
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Congenital Heart Disease, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Luka Nicin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sara Akhouaji
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Congenital Heart Disease, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Svenja Krück
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Congenital Heart Disease, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anna Eva Blank
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Congenital Heart Disease, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anne Schänzer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Uygar Yörüker
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Jux
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Congenital Heart Disease, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lukas Tombor
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Wesley Abplanalp
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David John
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas M Zeiher
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Rupp
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Congenital Heart Disease, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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7
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Aslan GS, Jaé N, Manavski Y, Fouani Y, Shumliakivska M, Kettenhausen L, Kirchhof L, Günther S, Fischer A, Luxán G, Dimmeler S. Malat1 deficiency prevents neonatal heart regeneration by inducing cardiomyocyte binucleation. JCI Insight 2023; 8:162124. [PMID: 36883566 PMCID: PMC10077484 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart has limited regenerative capacity, while the neonatal heart fully regenerates during the first week of life. Postnatal regeneration is mainly driven by proliferation of preexisting cardiomyocytes and supported by proregenerative macrophages and angiogenesis. Although the process of regeneration has been well studied in the neonatal mouse, the molecular mechanisms that define the switch between regenerative and nonregenerative cardiomyocytes are not well understood. Here, using in vivo and in vitro approaches, we identified the lncRNA Malat1 as a key player in postnatal cardiac regeneration. Malat1 deletion prevented heart regeneration in mice after myocardial infarction on postnatal day 3 associated with a decline in cardiomyocyte proliferation and reparative angiogenesis. Interestingly, Malat1 deficiency increased cardiomyocyte binucleation even in the absence of cardiac injury. Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Malat1 was sufficient to block regeneration, supporting a critical role of Malat1 in regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation and binucleation, a landmark of mature nonregenerative cardiomyocytes. In vitro, Malat1 deficiency induced binucleation and the expression of a maturation gene program. Finally, the loss of hnRNP U, an interaction partner of Malat1, induced similar features in vitro, suggesting that Malat1 regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation and binucleation by hnRNP U to control the regenerative window in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galip S Aslan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, and.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Berlin, Germany, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany.,Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nicolas Jaé
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, and.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Berlin, Germany, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany
| | - Yosif Manavski
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, and.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Berlin, Germany, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany.,Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Youssef Fouani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, and.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Berlin, Germany, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany
| | - Mariana Shumliakivska
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, and.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Berlin, Germany, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany.,Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa Kettenhausen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, and.,Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Luisa Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, and.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Berlin, Germany, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Berlin, Germany, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany.,Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ariane Fischer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Guillermo Luxán
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, and.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Berlin, Germany, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany.,Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, and.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Berlin, Germany, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany.,Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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8
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Bak ST, Harvald EB, Ellman DG, Mathiesen SB, Chen T, Fang S, Andersen KS, Fenger CD, Burton M, Thomassen M, Andersen DC. Ploidy-stratified single cardiomyocyte transcriptomics map Zinc Finger E-Box Binding Homeobox 1 to underly cardiomyocyte proliferation before birth. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:8. [PMID: 36862248 PMCID: PMC9981540 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-00979-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Whereas cardiomyocytes (CMs) in the fetal heart divide, postnatal CMs fail to undergo karyokinesis and/or cytokinesis and therefore become polyploid or binucleated, a key process in terminal CM differentiation. This switch from a diploid proliferative CM to a terminally differentiated polyploid CM remains an enigma and seems an obstacle for heart regeneration. Here, we set out to identify the transcriptional landscape of CMs around birth using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to predict transcription factors (TFs) involved in CM proliferation and terminal differentiation. To this end, we established an approach combining fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) with scRNA-seq of fixed CMs from developing (E16.5, P1, and P5) mouse hearts, and generated high-resolution single-cell transcriptomic maps of in vivo diploid and tetraploid CMs, increasing the CM resolution. We identified TF-networks regulating the G2/M phases of developing CMs around birth. ZEB1 (Zinc Finger E-Box Binding Homeobox 1), a hereto unknown TF in CM cell cycling, was found to regulate the highest number of cell cycle genes in cycling CMs at E16.5 but was downregulated around birth. CM ZEB1-knockdown reduced proliferation of E16.5 CMs, while ZEB1 overexpression at P0 after birth resulted in CM endoreplication. These data thus provide a ploidy stratified transcriptomic map of developing CMs and bring new insight to CM proliferation and endoreplication identifying ZEB1 as a key player in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Thornby Bak
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Eva Bang Harvald
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ditte Gry Ellman
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sabrina Bech Mathiesen
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ting Chen
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Shu Fang
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristian Skriver Andersen
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Mark Burton
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ditte Caroline Andersen
- Andersen Group, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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9
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Future regenerative medicine developments and their therapeutic applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114131. [PMID: 36538861 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the currently available pharmacological assays can cure most pathological disorders, they have limited therapeutic value in relieving certain disorders like myocardial infarct, peripheral vascular disease, amputated limbs, or organ failure (e.g. renal failure). Pilot studies to overcome such problems using regenerative medicine (RM) delivered promising data. Comprehensive investigations of RM in zebrafish or reptilians are necessary for better understanding. However, the precise mechanisms remain poorly understood despite the tremendous amount of data obtained using the zebrafish model investigating the exact mechanisms behind their regenerative capability. Indeed, understanding such mechanisms and their application to humans can save millions of lives from dying due to potentially life-threatening events. Recent studies have launched a revolution in replacing damaged human organs via different approaches in the last few decades. The newly established branch of medicine (known as Regenerative Medicine aims to enhance natural repair mechanisms. This can be done through the application of several advanced broad-spectrum technologies such as organ transplantation, tissue engineering, and application of Scaffolds technology (support vascularization using an extracellular matrix), stem cell therapy, miRNA treatment, development of 3D mini-organs (organoids), and the construction of artificial tissues using nanomedicine and 3D bio-printers. Moreover, in the next few decades, revolutionary approaches in regenerative medicine will be applied based on artificial intelligence and wireless data exchange, soft intelligence biomaterials, nanorobotics, and even living robotics capable of self-repair. The present work presents a comprehensive overview that summarizes the new and future advances in the field of RM.
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10
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Ko T, Nomura S. Manipulating Cardiomyocyte Plasticity for Heart Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:929256. [PMID: 35898398 PMCID: PMC9309349 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.929256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological heart injuries such as myocardial infarction induce adverse ventricular remodeling and progression to heart failure owing to widespread cardiomyocyte death. The adult mammalian heart is terminally differentiated unlike those of lower vertebrates. Therefore, the proliferative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes is limited and insufficient to restore an injured heart. Although current therapeutic approaches can delay progressive remodeling and heart failure, difficulties with the direct replenishment of lost cardiomyocytes results in a poor long-term prognosis for patients with heart failure. However, it has been revealed that cardiac function can be improved by regulating the cell cycle or changing the cell state of cardiomyocytes by delivering specific genes or small molecules. Therefore, manipulation of cardiomyocyte plasticity can be an effective treatment for heart disease. This review summarizes the recent studies that control heart regeneration by manipulating cardiomyocyte plasticity with various approaches including differentiating pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocytes, reprogramming cardiac fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes, and reactivating the proliferation of cardiomyocytes.
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11
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Chi WY, Hsiao TH, Lee GH, Su IH, Chen BH, Tang MJ, Fu TF. The cooperative interplay among inflammation, necroptosis and YAP pathway contributes to the folate deficiency-induced liver cells enlargement. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:397. [PMID: 35790616 PMCID: PMC11073448 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Change in cell size may bring in profound impact to cell function and survival, hence the integrity of the organs consisting of those cells. Nevertheless, how cell size is regulated remains incompletely understood. We used the fluorescent zebrafish transgenic line Tg-GGH/LR that displays inducible folate deficiency (FD) and hepatomegaly upon FD induction as in vivo model. We found that FD caused hepatocytes enlargement and increased liver stiffness, which could not be prevented by nucleotides supplementations. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that RIPK3/MLKL-dependent necroptotic pathway and Hippo signaling interactively participated in this FD-induced hepatocytic enlargement in a dual chronological and cooperative manner. FD also induced hepatic inflammation, which convenes a dialog of positive feedback loop between necroptotic and Hippo pathways. The increased MMP13 expression in response to FD elevated TNFα level and further aggravated the hepatocyte enlargement. Meanwhile, F-actin was circumferentially re-allocated at the edge under cell membrane in response to FD. Our results substantiate the interplay among intracellular folate status, pathways regulation, inflammatory responses, actin cytoskeleton and cell volume control, which can be best observed with in vivo platform. Our data also support the use of this Tg-GGH/LR transgenic line for the mechanistical and therapeutic research for the pathologic conditions related to cell size alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yu Chi
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Hsien Hsiao
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Gang-Hui Lee
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsiu Su
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jer Tang
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Fun Fu
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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12
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Cardiomyocyte Proliferation from Fetal- to Adult- and from Normal- to Hypertrophy and Failing Hearts. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060880. [PMID: 35741401 PMCID: PMC9220194 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Death from injury to the heart from a variety of causes remains a major cause of mortality worldwide. The cardiomyocyte, the major contracting cell of the heart, is responsible for pumping blood to the rest of the body. During fetal development, these immature cardiomyocytes are small and rapidly divide to complete development of the heart by birth when they develop structural and functional characteristics of mature cells which prevent further division. All further growth of the heart after birth is due to an increase in the size of cardiomyocytes, hypertrophy. Following the loss of functional cardiomyocytes due to coronary artery occlusion or other causes, the heart is unable to replace the lost cells. One of the significant research goals has been to induce adult cardiomyocytes to reactivate the cell cycle and repair cardiac injury. This review explores the developmental, structural, and functional changes of the growing cardiomyocyte, and particularly the sarcomere, responsible for force generation, from the early fetal period of reproductive cell growth through the neonatal period and on to adulthood, as well as during pathological response to different forms of myocardial diseases or injury. Multiple issues relative to cardiomyocyte cell-cycle regulation in normal or diseased conditions are discussed. Abstract The cardiomyocyte undergoes dramatic changes in structure, metabolism, and function from the early fetal stage of hyperplastic cell growth, through birth and the conversion to hypertrophic cell growth, continuing to the adult stage and responding to various forms of stress on the myocardium, often leading to myocardial failure. The fetal cell with incompletely formed sarcomeres and other cellular and extracellular components is actively undergoing mitosis, organelle dispersion, and formation of daughter cells. In the first few days of neonatal life, the heart is able to repair fully from injury, but not after conversion to hypertrophic growth. Structural and metabolic changes occur following conversion to hypertrophic growth which forms a barrier to further cardiomyocyte division, though interstitial components continue dividing to keep pace with cardiac growth. Both intra- and extracellular structural changes occur in the stressed myocardium which together with hemodynamic alterations lead to metabolic and functional alterations of myocardial failure. This review probes some of the questions regarding conditions that regulate normal and pathologic growth of the heart.
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13
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Zhang Z, Deng K, Kang Z, Wang F, Fan Y. MicroRNA profiling reveals miR‐145‐5p inhibits goat myoblast differentiation by targeting the coding domain sequence of USP13. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22370. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200246r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Kaiping Deng
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Ziqi Kang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
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14
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Nishiyama C, Saito Y, Sakaguchi A, Kaneko M, Kiyonari H, Xu Y, Arima Y, Uosaki H, Kimura W. Prolonged Myocardial Regenerative Capacity in Neonatal Opossum. Circulation 2022; 146:125-139. [PMID: 35616010 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.055269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early neonates of both large and small mammals are able to regenerate the myocardium through cardiomyocyte proliferation for only a short period after birth. This myocardial regenerative capacity declines in parallel with withdrawal of cardiomyocytes from the cell cycle in the first few postnatal days. No mammalian species examined to date has been found capable of a meaningful regenerative response to myocardial injury later than 1 week after birth. METHODS We examined cardiomyocyte proliferation in neonates of the marsupial opossum (Monodelphis domestica) by immunostaining at various times after birth. The regenerative capacity of the postnatal opossum myocardium was assessed after either apex resection or induction of myocardial infarction at postnatal day 14 or 29, whereas that of the postnatal mouse myocardium was assessed after myocardial infarction at postnatal day 7. Bioinformatics data analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and pharmacological and genetic intervention were applied to determine the role of AMPK (5'-AMP-activated protein kinase) signaling in regulation of the mammalian cardiomyocyte cell cycle. RESULTS Opossum neonates were found to manifest cardiomyocyte proliferation for at least 2 weeks after birth at a frequency similar to that apparent in early neonatal mice. Moreover, the opossum heart at postnatal day 14 showed substantial regenerative capacity both after apex resection and after myocardial infarction injury, whereas this capacity had diminished by postnatal day 29. Transcriptomic and immunofluorescence analyses indicated that AMPK signaling is activated in postnatal cardiomyocytes of both opossum and mouse. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of AMPK signaling was sufficient to extend the postnatal window of cardiomyocyte proliferation in both mouse and opossum neonates as well as of cardiac regeneration in neonatal mice. CONCLUSIONS The marsupial opossum maintains cardiomyocyte proliferation and a capacity for myocardial regeneration for at least 2 weeks after birth. As far as we are aware, this is the longest postnatal duration of such a capacity among mammals examined to date. AMPK signaling was implicated as an evolutionarily conserved regulator of mammalian postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Nishiyama
- Laboratory for Heart Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan. (C.N., Y.S., A.S., W.K.)
| | - Yuichi Saito
- Laboratory for Heart Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan. (C.N., Y.S., A.S., W.K.)
| | - Akane Sakaguchi
- Laboratory for Heart Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan. (C.N., Y.S., A.S., W.K.)
| | - Mari Kaneko
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan. (M.K., H.K.)
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan. (M.K., H.K.)
| | - Yuqing Xu
- Laboratory for Developmental Cardiology, International Research Center for Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Japan (Y.X., Y.A.)
| | - Yuichiro Arima
- Laboratory for Developmental Cardiology, International Research Center for Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Japan (Y.X., Y.A.)
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan (H.U.)
| | - Wataru Kimura
- Laboratory for Heart Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan. (C.N., Y.S., A.S., W.K.)
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15
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Prasad V, Molkentin JD. At the Brink of Human Therapy to Generate New Myocytes in the Adult Injured Heart. Circulation 2022; 145:1356-1358. [PMID: 35467953 PMCID: PMC9046981 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.059106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Prasad
- The University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeffery D. Molkentin
- The University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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16
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Velayutham N, Yutzey KE. Porcine Models of Heart Regeneration. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9040093. [PMID: 35448069 PMCID: PMC9025077 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Swine are popular large mammals for cardiac preclinical testing due to their similarities with humans in terms of organ size and physiology. Recent studies indicate an early neonatal regenerative capacity for swine hearts similar to small mammal laboratory models such as rodents, inspiring exciting possibilities for studying cardiac regeneration with the goal of improved clinical translation to humans. However, while swine hearts are anatomically similar to humans, fundamental differences exist in growth mechanisms, nucleation, and the maturation of pig cardiomyocytes, which could present difficulties for the translation of preclinical findings in swine to human therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the maturational dynamics of pig cardiomyocytes and their capacity for proliferative cardiac regeneration during early neonatal development to provide a perspective on swine as a preclinical model for developing cardiac gene- and cell-based regenerative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedhitha Velayutham
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Katherine E. Yutzey
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence:
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17
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Khan A, Ramos-Gomes F, Markus A, Mietsch M, Hinkel R, Alves F. Label-free imaging of age-related cardiac structural changes in non-human primates using multiphoton nonlinear microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:7009-7023. [PMID: 34858695 PMCID: PMC8606147 DOI: 10.1364/boe.432102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality. Both maturational abnormalities and age-associated cardiac pathologies contribute to heart failure. Imaging-based assessment to discern detailed cardiac structure at various maturational stages is imperative for understanding mechanisms behind cardiac growth and aging. Using multiphoton nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) based label-free imaging, we investigated cardiac structural composition in a human-relevant aging model, the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus). Animals were divided into three different age groups including neonatal, young adult and old. By devising a unique strategy for segregating collagen and myosin emitted second harmonic generation (SHG) signals, we performed a volumetric assessment of collagen and total scattering tissue (collagen + myosin). Aged marmoset hearts exhibited an increase in collagen and total scattering tissue volume at the sites of severe tissue remodelling indicating age-related cardiac fibrosis. Significantly low scattering tissue volume in neonatal marmoset hearts was attributed to a lack of binding between the myofibrils in maturing cardiac tissue. Comprehensive quantitative assessment of structural composition during maturation and aging of marmoset hearts revealed significant differences in myofibril length, alignment, curvature and angular distribution. In conclusion, label-free high-resolution NLOM facilitates visualization and quantification of subcellular structural features for understanding vital age-related morphological alterations in the marmoset heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amara Khan
- Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, Translational Molecular Imaging, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fernanda Ramos-Gomes
- Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, Translational Molecular Imaging, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Markus
- Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, Translational Molecular Imaging, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Mietsch
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Laboratory Animal Science Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frauke Alves
- Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, Translational Molecular Imaging, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology & Clinic for Hematology and Medical Oncology, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells,” Göttingen, Germany
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18
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Wang H, Hironaka CE, Mullis DM, Lucian HJ, Shin HS, Tran NA, Thakore AD, Anilkumar S, Wu MA, Paulsen MJ, Zhu Y, Baker SW, Woo YJ. A neonatal leporine model of age-dependent natural heart regeneration after myocardial infarction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 164:e389-e405. [PMID: 34649718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neonatal rodents and piglets naturally regenerate the injured heart after myocardial infarction. We hypothesized that neonatal rabbits also exhibit natural heart regeneration after myocardial infarction. METHODS New Zealand white rabbit kits underwent sham surgery or left coronary ligation on postnatal day 1 (n = 94), postnatal day 4 (n = 11), or postnatal day 7 (n = 52). Hearts were explanted 1 day postsurgery to confirm ischemic injury, at 1 week postsurgery to assess cardiomyocyte proliferation, and at 3 weeks postsurgery to assess left ventricular ejection fraction and scar size. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. RESULTS Size of ischemic injury as a percentage of left ventricular area was similar after myocardial infarction on postnatal day 1 versus on postnatal day 7 (42.3% ± 5.4% vs 42.3% ± 4.7%, P = .9984). Echocardiography confirmed severely reduced ejection fraction at 1 day after postnatal day 1 myocardial infarction (33.7% ± 5.3% vs 65.2% ± 5.5% for postnatal day 1 sham, P = .0001), but no difference at 3 weeks after postnatal day 1 myocardial infarction (56.0% ± 4.0% vs 58.0% ± 3.3% for postnatal day 1 sham, P = .2198). Ejection fraction failed to recover after postnatal day 4 myocardial infarction (49.2% ± 1.8% vs 58.5% ± 5.8% for postnatal day 4 sham, P = .0109) and postnatal day 7 myocardial infarction (39.0% ± 7.8% vs 60.2% ± 5.0% for postnatal day 7 sham, P < .0001). At 3 weeks after infarction, fibrotic scar represented 5.3% ± 1.9%, 14.3% ± 4.9%, and 25.4% ± 13.3% of the left ventricle area in the postnatal day 1, postnatal day 4, and postnatal day 7 groups, respectively. An increased proportion of peri-infarct cardiomyocytes expressed Ki67 (15.9% ± 1.8% vs 10.2% ± 0.8%, P = .0039) and aurora B kinase (4.0% ± 0.9% vs 1.5% ± 0.6%, P = .0088) after postnatal day 1 myocardial infarction compared with sham, but no increase was observed after postnatal day 7 myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS A neonatal leporine myocardial infarction model reveals that newborn rabbits are capable of age-dependent natural heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjay Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Camille E Hironaka
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Danielle M Mullis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Haley J Lucian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Hye Sook Shin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Nicholas A Tran
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Akshara D Thakore
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Shreya Anilkumar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Matthew A Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Michael J Paulsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Yuanjia Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Sam W Baker
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Y Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.
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19
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Liu SQ, Hou XY, Zhao F, Zhao XG. Nucleated red blood cells participate in myocardial regeneration in the toad Bufo Gargarizan Gargarizan. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1760-1775. [PMID: 34024142 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211013297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart regeneration is negligible in humans and mammals but remarkable in some ectotherms. Humans and mammals lack nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs), while ectotherms have sufficient NRBCs. This study used Bufo gargarizan gargarizan, a Chinese toad subspecies, as a model animal to verify our hypothesis that NRBCs participate in myocardial regeneration. NRBC infiltration into myocardium was seen in the healthy toad hearts. Heart needle-injury was used as an enlarged model of physiological cardiomyocyte loss. It recovered quickly and scarlessly. NRBC infiltration increased during the recovery. Transwell assay was done to in vitro explore effects of myocardial injury on NRBCs. In the transwell system, NRBCs could infiltrate into cardiac pieces and could transdifferentiate toward cardiomyocytes. Heart apex cautery caused approximately 5% of the ventricle to be injured to varying degrees. In the mildly to moderately injured regions, NRBC infiltration increased and myocardial regeneration started soon after the inflammatory response; the severely damaged region underwent inflammation, scarring, and vascularity before NRBC infiltration and myocardial regeneration, and recovered scarlessly in four months. NRBCs were seen in the newly formed myocardium. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting showed that the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin- 1β, 6, and11, cardiotrophin-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, erythropoietin, matrix metalloproteinase- 2 and 9 in the serum and/or cardiac tissues fluctuated in different patterns during the cardiac injury-regeneration. Cardiotrophin-1 could induce toad NRBC transdifferentiation toward cardiomyocytes in vitro. Taken together, the results suggest that the NRBC is a cell source for cardiomyocyte renewal/regeneration in the toad; cardiomyocyte loss triggers a series of biological processes, facilitating NRBC infiltration and transition to cardiomyocytes. This finding may guide a new direction for improving human myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- The Basic Medical Central Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Ge Zhao
- The Central Laboratory For Biomedical Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
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20
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Günthel M, van Duijvenboden K, Jeremiasse J, van den Hoff MJB, Christoffels VM. Early Postnatal Cardiac Stress Does Not Influence Ventricular Cardiomyocyte Cell-Cycle Withdrawal. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8040038. [PMID: 33917189 PMCID: PMC8068044 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect. After birth, patients with CHD may suffer from cardiac stress resulting from abnormal loading conditions. However, it is not known how this cardiac burden influences postnatal development and adaptation of the ventricles. To study the transcriptional and cell-cycle response of neonatal cardiomyocytes to cardiac stress, we used a genetic mouse model that develops left ventricular volume overload within 2 weeks after birth. The increased volume load caused upregulation of the cardiac stress marker Nppa in the left ventricle and interventricular septum as early as 12 days after birth. Transcriptome analysis revealed that cardiac stress induced the expression of cell-cycle genes. This did not influence postnatal cell-cycle withdrawal of cardiomyocytes and other cell types in the ventricles as measured by Ki-67 immunostaining.
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21
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Transcriptional Regulation of Postnatal Cardiomyocyte Maturation and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063288. [PMID: 33807107 PMCID: PMC8004589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the postnatal period, mammalian cardiomyocytes undergo numerous maturational changes associated with increased cardiac function and output, including hypertrophic growth, cell cycle exit, sarcomeric protein isoform switching, and mitochondrial maturation. These changes come at the expense of loss of regenerative capacity of the heart, contributing to heart failure after cardiac injury in adults. While most studies focus on the transcriptional regulation of embryonic or adult cardiomyocytes, the transcriptional changes that occur during the postnatal period are relatively unknown. In this review, we focus on the transcriptional regulators responsible for these aspects of cardiomyocyte maturation during the postnatal period in mammals. By specifically highlighting this transitional period, we draw attention to critical processes in cardiomyocyte maturation with potential therapeutic implications in cardiovascular disease.
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22
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Communal living: the role of polyploidy and syncytia in tissue biology. Chromosome Res 2021; 29:245-260. [PMID: 34075512 PMCID: PMC8169410 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-021-09664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms are composed of tissues with diverse cell sizes. Whether a tissue primarily consists of numerous, small cells as opposed to fewer, large cells can impact tissue development and function. The addition of nuclear genome copies within a common cytoplasm is a recurring strategy to manipulate cellular size within a tissue. Cells with more than two genomes can exist transiently, such as in developing germlines or embryos, or can be part of mature somatic tissues. Such nuclear collectives span multiple levels of organization, from mononuclear or binuclear polyploid cells to highly multinucleate structures known as syncytia. Here, we review the diversity of polyploid and syncytial tissues found throughout nature. We summarize current literature concerning tissue construction through syncytia and/or polyploidy and speculate why one or both strategies are advantageous.
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23
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Zhang R, Guo T, Han Y, Huang H, Shi J, Hu J, Li H, Wang J, Saleem A, Zhou P, Lan F. Design of synthetic microenvironments to promote the maturation of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:949-960. [PMID: 33231364 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte like cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-CMs) have a good application perspective in many fields such as disease modeling, drug screening and clinical treatment. However, these are severely hampered by the fact that hPSC-CMs are immature compared to adult human cardiomyocytes. Therefore, many approaches such as genetic manipulation, biochemical factors supplement, mechanical stress, electrical stimulation and three-dimensional culture have been developed to promote the maturation of hPSC-CMs. Recently, establishing in vitro synthetic artificial microenvironments based on the in vivo development program of cardiomyocytes has achieved much attention due to their inherent properties such as stiffness, plasticity, nanotopography and chemical functionality. In this review, the achievements and deficiency of reported synthetic microenvironments that mainly discussed comprehensive biological, chemical, and physical factors, as well as three-dimensional culture were mainly discussed, which have significance to improve the microenvironment design and accelerate the maturation of hPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianwei Guo
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Han
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongxin Huang
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiaxuan Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongjiao Li
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Amina Saleem
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- School and hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feng Lan
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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24
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Velayutham N, Alfieri CM, Agnew EJ, Riggs KW, Baker RS, Ponny SR, Zafar F, Yutzey KE. Cardiomyocyte cell cycling, maturation, and growth by multinucleation in postnatal swine. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 146:95-108. [PMID: 32710980 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rodent cardiomyocytes (CM) undergo mitotic arrest and decline of mononucleated-diploid population post-birth, which are implicated in neonatal loss of heart regenerative potential. However, the dynamics of postnatal CM maturation are largely unknown in swine, despite a similar neonatal cardiac regenerative capacity as rodents. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of postnatal cardiac maturation in swine, including CM cell cycling, multinucleation and hypertrophic growth, as well as non-CM cardiac factors such as extracellular matrix (ECM), immune cells, capillaries, and neurons. Our study reveals discordance in postnatal pig heart maturational events compared to rodents. METHODS AND RESULTS Left-ventricular myocardium from White Yorkshire-Landrace pigs at postnatal day (P)0 to 6 months (6mo) was analyzed. Mature cardiac sarcomeric characteristics, such as fetal TNNI1 repression and Cx43 co-localization to cell junctions, were not evident until P30 in pigs. In CMs, appreciable binucleation is observed by P7, with extensive multinucleation (4-16 nuclei per CM) beyond P15. Individual CM nuclei remain predominantly diploid at all ages. CM mononucleation at ~50% incidence is observed at P7-P15, and CM mitotic activity is measurable up to 2mo. CM cross-sectional area does not increase until 2mo-6mo in pigs, though longitudinal CM growth proportional to multinucleation occurs after P15. RNAseq analysis of neonatal pig left ventricles showed increased expression of ECM maturation, immune signaling, neuronal remodeling, and reactive oxygen species response genes, highlighting significance of the non-CM milieu in postnatal mammalian heart maturation. CONCLUSIONS CM maturational events such as decline of mononucleation and cell cycle arrest occur over a 2-month postnatal period in pigs, despite reported loss of heart regenerative potential by P3. Moreover, CMs grow primarily by multinucleation and longitudinal hypertrophy in older pig CMs, distinct from mice and humans. These differences are important to consider for preclinical testing of cardiovascular therapies using swine, and may offer opportunities to study aspects of heart regeneration unavailable in other models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedhitha Velayutham
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christina M Alfieri
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Emma J Agnew
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kyle W Riggs
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - R Scott Baker
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sithara Raju Ponny
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Farhan Zafar
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Katherine E Yutzey
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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25
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Bigotti MG, Skeffington KL, Jones FP, Caputo M, Brancaccio A. Agrin-Mediated Cardiac Regeneration: Some Open Questions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:594. [PMID: 32612983 PMCID: PMC7308530 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
After cardiac injury, the mammalian adult heart has a very limited capacity to regenerate, due to the inability of fully differentiated cardiomyocytes (CMs) to efficiently proliferate. This has been directly linked to the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding and connecting cardiomyocytes, as its increasing rigidity during heart maturation has a crucial impact over the proliferative capacity of CMs. Very recent studies using mouse models have demonstrated how the ECM protein agrin might promote heart regeneration through CMs de-differentiation and proliferation. In maturing CMs, this proteoglycan would act as an inducer of a specific molecular pathway involving ECM receptor(s) within the transmembrane dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) as well as intracellular Yap, an effector of the Hippo pathway involved in the replication/regeneration program of CMs. According to the mechanism proposed, during mice heart development agrin gets progressively downregulated and ultimately replaced by other ECM proteins eventually leading to loss of proliferation/ regenerative capacity in mature CMs. Although the role played by the agrin-DGC-YAP axis during human heart development remains still largely to be defined, this scenario opens up fascinating and promising therapeutic avenues. Herein, we discuss the currently available relevant information on this system, with a view to explore how the fundamental understanding of the regenerative potential of this cellular program can be translated into therapeutic treatment of injured human hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Bigotti
- Bristol Heart Institute, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom.,School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Katie L Skeffington
- Bristol Heart Institute, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ffion P Jones
- Bristol Heart Institute, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Caputo
- Bristol Heart Institute, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Brancaccio
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC)-CNR, Rome, Italy
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26
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Gan P, Patterson M, Watanabe H, Wang K, Edmonds RA, Reinholdt LG, Sucov HM. Allelic variants between mouse substrains BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ influence mononuclear cardiomyocyte composition and cardiomyocyte nuclear ploidy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7605. [PMID: 32371981 PMCID: PMC7200697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Most mouse cardiomyocytes (CMs) become multinucleated shortly after birth via endoreplication and interrupted mitosis, which persists through adulthood. The very closely related inbred mouse strains BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ differ substantially (6.6% vs. 14.3%) in adult mononuclear CM level. This difference is the likely outcome of a single X-linked polymorphic gene that functions in a CM-nonautonomous manner, and for which the BALB/cByJ allele is recessive to that of BALB/cJ. From whole exome sequence we identified two new X-linked protein coding variants that arose de novo in BALB/cByJ, in the genes Gdi1 (R276C) and Irs4 (L683F), but show that neither affects mononuclear CM level individually. No BALB/cJ-specific X-linked protein coding variants were found, implicating instead a variant that influences gene expression rather than encoded protein function. A substantially higher percentage of mononuclear CMs in BALB/cByJ are tetraploid (66.7% vs. 37.6% in BALB/cJ), such that the overall level of mononuclear diploid CMs between the two strains is similar. The difference in nuclear ploidy is the likely result of an autosomal polymorphism, for which the BALB/cByJ allele is recessive to that of BALB/cJ. The X-linked and autosomal genes independently influence mitosis such that their phenotypic consequences can be combined or segregated by appropriate breeding, implying distinct functions in karyokinesis and cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiheng Gan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michaela Patterson
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hirofumi Watanabe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kristy Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Reilly A Edmonds
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Henry M Sucov
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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27
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Cardiac regeneration as an environmental adaptation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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van Gorp PRR, Trines SA, Pijnappels DA, de Vries AAF. Multicellular In vitro Models of Cardiac Arrhythmias: Focus on Atrial Fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:43. [PMID: 32296716 PMCID: PMC7138102 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice with a large socioeconomic impact due to its associated morbidity, mortality, reduction in quality of life and health care costs. Currently, antiarrhythmic drug therapy is the first line of treatment for most symptomatic AF patients, despite its limited efficacy, the risk of inducing potentially life-threating ventricular tachyarrhythmias as well as other side effects. Alternative, in-hospital treatment modalities consisting of electrical cardioversion and invasive catheter ablation improve patients' symptoms, but often have to be repeated and are still associated with serious complications and only suitable for specific subgroups of AF patients. The development and progression of AF generally results from the interplay of multiple disease pathways and is accompanied by structural and functional (e.g., electrical) tissue remodeling. Rational development of novel treatment modalities for AF, with its many different etiologies, requires a comprehensive insight into the complex pathophysiological mechanisms. Monolayers of atrial cells represent a simplified surrogate of atrial tissue well-suited to investigate atrial arrhythmia mechanisms, since they can easily be used in a standardized, systematic and controllable manner to study the role of specific pathways and processes in the genesis, perpetuation and termination of atrial arrhythmias. In this review, we provide an overview of the currently available two- and three-dimensional multicellular in vitro systems for investigating the initiation, maintenance and termination of atrial arrhythmias and AF. This encompasses cultures of primary (animal-derived) atrial cardiomyocytes (CMs), pluripotent stem cell-derived atrial-like CMs and (conditionally) immortalized atrial CMs. The strengths and weaknesses of each of these model systems for studying atrial arrhythmias will be discussed as well as their implications for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim R R van Gorp
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Serge A Trines
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Daniël A Pijnappels
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Antoine A F de Vries
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Yutzey
- From the Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati
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30
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Agnew EJ, Velayutham N, Matos Ortiz G, Alfieri CM, Hortells L, Moore V, Riggs KW, Baker RS, Gibson AM, Ponny SR, Alsaied T, Zafar F, Yutzey KE. Scar Formation with Decreased Cardiac Function Following Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in 1 Month Old Swine. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2019; 7:E1. [PMID: 31861331 PMCID: PMC7151069 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in mice show a brief neonatal period of cardiac regeneration with minimal scar formation, but less is known about reparative mechanisms in large mammals. A transient cardiac injury approach (ischemia/reperfusion, IR) was used in weaned postnatal day (P)30 pigs to assess regenerative repair in young large mammals at a stage when cardiomyocyte (CM) mitotic activity is still detected. Female and male P30 pigs were subjected to cardiac ischemia (1 h) by occlusion of the left anterior descending artery followed by reperfusion, or to a sham operation. Following IR, myocardial damage occurred, with cardiac ejection fraction significantly decreased 2 h post-ischemia. No improvement or worsening of cardiac function to the 4 week study end-point was observed. Histology demonstrated CM cell cycling, detectable by phospho-histone H3 staining, at 2 months of age in multinucleated CMs in both sham-operated and IR pigs. Inflammation and regional scar formation in the epicardial region proximal to injury were observed 4 weeks post-IR. Thus, pigs subjected to cardiac IR at P30 show myocardial damage with a prolonged decrease in cardiac function, formation of a regional scar, and increased inflammation, but do not regenerate myocardium even in the presence of CM mitotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Agnew
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (E.J.A.); (N.V.); (G.M.O.); (C.M.A.); (L.H.)
| | - Nivedhitha Velayutham
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (E.J.A.); (N.V.); (G.M.O.); (C.M.A.); (L.H.)
| | - Gabriela Matos Ortiz
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (E.J.A.); (N.V.); (G.M.O.); (C.M.A.); (L.H.)
| | - Christina M Alfieri
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (E.J.A.); (N.V.); (G.M.O.); (C.M.A.); (L.H.)
| | - Luis Hortells
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (E.J.A.); (N.V.); (G.M.O.); (C.M.A.); (L.H.)
| | - Victoria Moore
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (V.M.); (T.A.)
| | - Kyle W Riggs
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (K.W.R.); (R.S.B.); (A.M.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - R. Scott Baker
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (K.W.R.); (R.S.B.); (A.M.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Aaron M Gibson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (K.W.R.); (R.S.B.); (A.M.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Sithara Raju Ponny
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Tarek Alsaied
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Heart Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (V.M.); (T.A.)
| | - Farhan Zafar
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (K.W.R.); (R.S.B.); (A.M.G.); (F.Z.)
| | - Katherine E Yutzey
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (E.J.A.); (N.V.); (G.M.O.); (C.M.A.); (L.H.)
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