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Rizzo C, Arcadi E, Calogero R, Ciro Rappazzo A, Caruso G, Maimone G, Lo Giudice A, Romeo T, Andaloro F. Deciphering the evolvement of microbial communities from hydrothermal vent sediments in a global change perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117514. [PMID: 37890823 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities first respond to changes of external environmental conditions. Observing the microbial responses to environmental changes in terms of taxonomic and functional biodiversity is therefore of great interest, particularly in extreme environments, where the already extreme conditions can become even harsher. In this study, sediment samples from three different shallow hydrothermal vents in Levante Bay (Vulcano Island, Aeolian Islands, Italy) were used to set up microcosm experiments with the aim to explore the microbial dynamics under changing conditions of pH and redox potential over a 90-days period. The leading hypothesis was to establish under microcosm conditions whether the starting microbial communities of the sediments evolved differently depending on their origin. To profile the dynamics of microbial populations over time, biodiversity, enzymatic profile, total cell abundance estimations, total/respiring cell ratio were estimated by using different approaches. An evident change in the microbial community structure was observed, mainly in the microcosm containing the sediment from the most acidified site, which was characterized by a highly diversified microbial community (in prevalence composed of Thermotoga, Desulfobacterota, Planctomycetota, Synergistota and Deferribacterota). An increase in microbial resistant forms (e.g., spore-forming species) with anaerobic metabolism was detected in all experimental conditions. Differential physiological responses characterized the sedimentary microbial communities. Proteolytic activity appeared to be stimulated under microcosm conditions, whereas the alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly depressed at low pH values, like those that were measured at the station showing intermediate pH-conditions. The results confirmed a differential response of microbial communities depending on the starting environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rizzo
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn-, Sicily Marine Centre, Villa Pace, Contrada Porticatello 29, 98167, Messina, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122, Messina, Italy.
| | - Erika Arcadi
- StazioneZoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Centre, Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Villa Pace, Contrada Porticatello 29, 98167, Messina, Italy.
| | - Rosario Calogero
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Centre, Contrada Porticatello, 29, 98167 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ciro Rappazzo
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122, Messina, Italy; Campus Scientifico, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Italy
| | - Gabriella Caruso
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Maimone
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Angelina Lo Giudice
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Romeo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Centre, Contrada Porticatello, 29, 98167, Messina, Italy; National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via Dei Mille 46, 98057, Milazzo, Italy
| | - Franco Andaloro
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo, 4521 Palermo, Italy
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Pereira AC, Tenreiro A, Cunha MV. When FLOW-FISH met FACS: Combining multiparametric, dynamic approaches for microbial single-cell research in the total environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150682. [PMID: 34600998 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In environmental microbiology, the ability to assess, in a high-throughput way, single-cells within microbial communities is key to understand their heterogeneity. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) uses fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probes to detect, identify, and quantify single cells of specific taxonomic groups. The combination of Flow Cytometry (FLOW) with FISH (FLOW-FISH) enables high-throughput quantification of complex whole cell populations, which when associated with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) enables sorting of target microorganisms. These sorted cells may be investigated in many ways, for instance opening new avenues for cytomics at a single-cell scale. In this review, an overview of FISH and FLOW methodologies is provided, addressing conventional methods, signal amplification approaches, common fluorophores for cell physiology parameters evaluation, and model variation techniques as well. The coupling of FLOW-FISH-FACS is explored in the context of different downstream applications of sorted cells. Current and emerging applications in environmental microbiology to outline the interactions and processes of complex microbial communities within soil, water, animal microbiota, polymicrobial biofilms, and food samples, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Pereira
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Tenreiro
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mónica V Cunha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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3
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Ice Melt-Induced Variations of Structural and Functional Traits of the Aquatic Microbial Community along an Arctic River (Pasvik River, Norway). WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13162297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of climate change-induced ice melting on the microbial communities in different glacial-fed aquatic systems have been reported, but seasonal dynamics remain poorly investigated. In this study, the structural and functional traits of the aquatic microbial community were assessed along with the hydrological and biogeochemical variation patterns of the Arctic Pasvik River under riverine and brackish conditions at the beginning (May = Ice-melt (−)) and during the ice-melting season (July = Ice-melt (+)). The microbial abundance and morphometric analysis showed a spatial diversification between the riverine and brackish stations. Results highlighted different levels of microbial respiration and activities with different carbon and phosphorous utilization pathways, thus suggesting an active biogeochemical cycling along the river especially at the beginning of the ice-melting period. At Ice-melt (−), Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria were dominant in riverine and brackish stations, respectively. Conversely, at Ice-melt (+), the microbial community composition was more homogeneously distributed along the river (Gammaproteobacteria > Alphaproteobacteria > Bacteroidetes). Our findings provide evidence on how riverine microbial communities adapt and respond to seasonal ice melting in glacial-fed aquatic ecosystems.
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First Insights into the Microbiology of Three Antarctic Briny Systems of the Northern Victoria Land. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13070323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Different polar environments (lakes and glaciers), also in Antarctica, encapsulate brine pools characterized by a unique combination of extreme conditions, mainly in terms of high salinity and low temperature. Since 2014, we have been focusing our attention on the microbiology of brine pockets from three lakes in the Northern Victoria Land (NVL), lying in the Tarn Flat (TF) and Boulder Clay (BC) areas. The microbial communities have been analyzed for community structure by next generation sequencing, extracellular enzyme activities, metabolic potentials, and microbial abundances. In this study, we aim at reconsidering all available data to analyze the influence exerted by environmental parameters on the community composition and activities. Additionally, the prediction of metabolic functions was attempted by the phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt2) tool, highlighting that prokaryotic communities were presumably involved in methane metabolism, aromatic compound biodegradation, and organic compound (proteins, polysaccharides, and phosphates) decomposition. The analyzed cryoenvironments were different in terms of prokaryotic diversity, abundance, and retrieved metabolic pathways. By the analysis of DNA sequences, common operational taxonomic units ranged from 2.2% to 22.0%. The bacterial community was dominated by Bacteroidetes. In both BC and TF brines, sequences of the most thermally tolerant and methanogenic Archaea were detected, some of them related to hyperthermophiles.
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Gentile G, Maimone G, La Ferla R, Azzaro M, Catalfamo M, Genovese M, Santisi S, Maldani M, Macrì A, Cappello S. Phenotypic Variations of Oleispira antarctica RB-8(T) in Different Growth Conditions. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3414-3421. [PMID: 32740715 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The peculiar biotechnological applications of Oleispira spp. in the natural cleansing of oil-polluted marine systems stimulated the study of the phenotypic characteristics of the Oleispira antarctica RB-8(T) strain and modifications of these characteristics in relation to different growth conditions. Bacterial abundance, cell size and morphology variations (by image analysis) and hydrocarbon degradation (by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, GC-FID) were analysed in different cultures of O. antarctica RB-8(T). The effects of six different hydrocarbon mixtures (diesel, engine oil, naval oil waste, bilge water, jet fuel and oil) used as a single carbon source combined with two different growth temperatures (4° and 15 °C) were analysed (for 22 days). The data obtained showed that the mean cell volume decreased with increasing experimental temperature. Three morphological bacterial shapes were identified: spirals, rods and cocci. Morphological transition from spiral to rod and coccoid shapes in relation to the different substrates (oil mixtures) and/or growth temperatures was observed, except for one experimental condition (naval oil waste) in which spiral bacteria were mostly dominant. Phenotypic traits and physiological status of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria showed important modifications in relation to culture conditions. These findings suggest interesting potential for strain RB-8(T) for ecological and applicative purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Gentile
- Institute for Biological Resource and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), CNR of Messina, Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Maimone
- Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP), CNR of Messina, Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122, Messina, Italy.
| | - Rosabruna La Ferla
- Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP), CNR of Messina, Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Maurizio Azzaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP), CNR of Messina, Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Maurizio Catalfamo
- Institute for Biological Resource and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), CNR of Messina, Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Genovese
- Institute for Biological Resource and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), CNR of Messina, Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Santina Santisi
- Institute for Biological Resource and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), CNR of Messina, Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122, Messina, Italy.,Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Eduardo Caianello" (ISASI), CNR of Messina, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Mohamed Maldani
- Environment & Soil Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Angela Macrì
- Institute for Biological Resource and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), CNR of Messina, Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122, Messina, Italy.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Simone Cappello
- Institute for Biological Resource and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), CNR of Messina, Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122, Messina, Italy
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Sannino C, Borruso L, Mezzasoma A, Battistel D, Zucconi L, Selbmann L, Azzaro M, Onofri S, Turchetti B, Buzzini P, Guglielmin M. Intra- and inter-cores fungal diversity suggests interconnection of different habitats in an Antarctic frozen lake (Boulder Clay, Northern Victoria Land). Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:3463-3477. [PMID: 32510727 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A perennially frozen lake at Boulder Clay site (Victoria Land, Antarctica), characterized by the presence of frost mounds, have been selected as an in situ model for ecological studies. Different samples of permafrost, glacier ice and brines have been studied as a unique habitat system. An additional sample of brines (collected in another frozen lake close to the previous one) was also considered. Alpha- and beta-diversity of fungal communities showed both intra- and inter-cores significant (p < 0.05) differences, which suggest the presence of interconnection among the habitats. Therefore, the layers of frost mound and the deep glacier could be interconnected while the brines could probably be considered as an open habitat system not interconnected with each other. Moreover, the absence of similarity between the lake ice and the underlying permafrost suggested that the lake is perennially frozen based. The predominance of positive significant (p < 0.05) co-occurrences among some fungal taxa allowed to postulate the existence of an ecological equilibrium in the habitats systems. The positive significant (p < 0.05) correlation between salt concentration, total organic carbon and pH, and some fungal taxa suggests that a few abiotic parameters could drive fungal diversity inside these ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Sannino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX giugno 74, Perugia, 06121, Italy
| | - Luigimaria Borruso
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Ambra Mezzasoma
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX giugno 74, Perugia, 06121, Italy
| | - Dario Battistel
- Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari, Venice, Italy
| | - Laura Zucconi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Laura Selbmann
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.,Italian Antarctic National Museum (MNA), Mycological Section, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Azzaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvano Onofri
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Benedetta Turchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX giugno 74, Perugia, 06121, Italy
| | - Pietro Buzzini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX giugno 74, Perugia, 06121, Italy
| | - Mauro Guglielmin
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, Varese, Italy
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Papale M, Lo Giudice A, Conte A, Rizzo C, Rappazzo AC, Maimone G, Caruso G, La Ferla R, Azzaro M, Gugliandolo C, Paranhos R, Cabral AS, Romano Spica V, Guglielmin M. Microbial Assemblages in Pressurized Antarctic Brine Pockets (Tarn Flat, Northern Victoria Land): A Hotspot of Biodiversity and Activity. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E333. [PMID: 31505750 PMCID: PMC6780602 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Two distinct pressurized hypersaline brine pockets (named TF4 and TF5), separated by a thin ice layer, were detected below an ice-sealed Antarctic lake. Prokaryotic (bacterial and archaeal) diversity, abundances (including virus-like particles) and metabolic profiles were investigated by an integrated approach, including traditional and new-generation methods. Although similar diversity indices were computed for both Bacteria and Archaea, distinct bacterial and archaeal assemblages were observed. Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria were more abundant in the shallowest brine pocket, TF4, and Deltaproteobacteria, mainly represented by versatile sulphate-reducing bacteria, dominated in the deepest, TF5. The detection of sulphate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic Archaea likely reflects the presence of a distinct synthrophic consortium in TF5. Surprisingly, members assigned to hyperthermophilic Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota were common to both brines, indicating that these cold habitats host the most thermally tolerant Archaea. The patterns of microbial communities were different, coherently with the observed microbiological diversity between TF4 and TF5 brines. Both the influence exerted by upward movement of saline brines from a sub-surface anoxic system and the possible occurrence of an ancient ice remnant from the Ross Ice Shelf were the likely main factors shaping the microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papale
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), 98122 Messina, Italy.
| | - Angelina Lo Giudice
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), 98122 Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonella Conte
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Carmen Rizzo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Alessandro C Rappazzo
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), 98122 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Maimone
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), 98122 Messina, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Caruso
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), 98122 Messina, Italy.
| | - Rosabruna La Ferla
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), 98122 Messina, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Azzaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), 98122 Messina, Italy.
| | - Concetta Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Rodolfo Paranhos
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-590, Brazil.
| | - Anderson S Cabral
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-590, Brazil.
| | - Vincenzo Romano Spica
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Public Health Unit, University of Rome "Foro Italico", P.zza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mauro Guglielmin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche e Applicate, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
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8
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Caruso G, Pedà C, Cappello S, Leonardi M, La Ferla R, Lo Giudice A, Maricchiolo G, Rizzo C, Maimone G, Rappazzo AC, Genovese L, Romeo T. Effects of microplastics on trophic parameters, abundance and metabolic activities of seawater and fish gut bacteria in mesocosm conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:30067-30083. [PMID: 30109692 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is an emerging threat with severe implications on animals' and environmental health. Nevertheless, interactions of plastic particles with both microbial structure and metabolism are a new research challenge that needs to be elucidated yet. To improve knowledge on the effects played by microplastics on free-living and fish gut-associated microbial community in aquatic environments, a 90-day study was performed in three replicated mesocosms (control-CTRL, native polyvinyl chloride-MPV and weathered polyvinyl chloride-MPI), where sea bass specimens were hosted. In CTRL mesocosm, fish was fed with no-plastic-added food, whilst in MPV and MPI food was supplemented with native or exposed to polluted waters polyvinylchloride pellets, respectively. Particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen, total and culturable bacteria, extracellular enzymatic activities, and microbial community substrate utilization profiles were analyzed. POC values were lower in MPI than MPV and CRTL mesocosms. Microplastics did not affect severely bacterial metabolism, although enzymatic activities decreased and microbes utilized a lower number of carbon substrates in MPI than MPV and CTRL. No shifts in the bacterial community composition of fish gut microflora were observed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Caruso
- National Research Council, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (CNR-IAMC), Messina, Italy.
| | - Cristina Pedà
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Milazzo, Italy
| | - Simone Cappello
- National Research Council, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (CNR-IAMC), Messina, Italy
| | - Marcella Leonardi
- National Research Council, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (CNR-IAMC), Messina, Italy
| | - Rosabruna La Ferla
- National Research Council, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (CNR-IAMC), Messina, Italy
| | - Angelina Lo Giudice
- National Research Council, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (CNR-IAMC), Messina, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Maricchiolo
- National Research Council, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (CNR-IAMC), Messina, Italy
| | - Carmen Rizzo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Maimone
- National Research Council, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (CNR-IAMC), Messina, Italy
| | | | - Lucrezia Genovese
- National Research Council, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (CNR-IAMC), Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Romeo
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Milazzo, Italy
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Miki T, Yokokawa T, Ke PJ, Hsieh IF, Hsieh CH, Kume T, Yoneya K, Matsui K. Statistical recipe for quantifying microbial functional diversity from EcoPlate metabolic profiling. Ecol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-017-1554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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