1
|
Xie H, Huang Y, Wang S, Che J, Luo T, Li L, Bao B. Deletion of speA and aroC genes impacts the pathogenicity of Vibrio anguillarum in spotted sea bass. Microb Pathog 2024; 189:106597. [PMID: 38395316 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Vibrio anguillarum is one of the major pathogens responsible for bacterial infections in marine environments, causing significant impacts on the aquaculture industry. The misuse of antibiotics leads to bacteria developing multiple drug resistances, which is detrimental to the development of the fisheries industry. In contrast, live attenuated vaccines are gradually gaining acceptance and widespread recognition. In this study, we constructed a double-knockout attenuated strain, V. anguillarum ΔspeA-aroC, to assess its potential for preparing a live attenuated vaccine. The research results indicate a significant downregulation of virulence-related genes, including Type VI secretion system, Type II secretion system, biofilm synthesis, iron uptake system, and other related genes, in the mutant strain. Furthermore, the strain lacking the genes exhibited a 67.47% reduction in biofilm formation ability and increased sensitivity to antibiotics. The mutant strain exhibited significantly reduced capability in evading host immune system defenses and causing in vivo infections in spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus), with an LD50 that was 13.93 times higher than that of the wild-type V. anguillarum. Additionally, RT-qPCR analysis of immune-related gene expression in spotted sea bass head kidney and spleen showed a weakened immune response triggered by the knockout strain. Compared to the wild-type V. anguillarum, the mutant strain caused reduced levels of tissue damage. The results demonstrate that the deletion of speA and aroC significantly reduces the biosynthesis of biofilms in V. anguillarum, leading to a decrease in its pathogenicity. This suggests a crucial role of biofilms in the survival and invasive capabilities of V. anguillarum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yajuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shengming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jingyuan Che
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Tuyan Luo
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Lekang Li
- Jiujiang Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jiujiang, 332000, China.
| | - Baolong Bao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-gang Special Area, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang X, Lan W, Sun X. Effect of chlorogenic acid grafted chitosan on microbiological compositions of sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) fillets: Dominant spoilage bacteria, inhibition activity and membrane damage mechanisms. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 411:110540. [PMID: 38118358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of chlorogenic acid grafted chitosan (CS-g-CA) on the microbiota composition of sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus), isolated and identified the specific spoilage organisms (SSOs) in the late stage of refrigerated fillets and evaluation of their spoilage potential. Moreover, antibacterial activity and membrane damage mechanism of CS-g-CA against spoilage bacteria was also investigated. Illumina-MiSeq high throughput sequencing results showed that CS-g-CA retarded the growth of Pseudomonas spp., which largely contributed to delaying the quality degradation of sea bass during storage. Then nine spoilage bacteria were isolated and identified from the fillets at the end of storage and inoculated into sterile fish fillets to determine their spoilage capacity. Results showed that fish fillets inoculated with spoilage bacteria exhibited a significant increase in TVB-N, TBA and putrescine content and decreased sensory quality during storage. Subsequently, the inhibitory activity of CS-g-CA against spoilage bacteria was investigated and strains that were more sensitive to the CS-g-CA with a strong spoilage capacity were selected for the study of the inhibition mechanism. Results suggested that CS-g-CA had strong inhibitory activity and led to bacterial death through the mechanism of membrane damage. Overall, this study analyzed the effect of CS-g-CA on the preservation of fish fillets from a microbiological point of view to provide a reference for the anti-bacterial preservation of aquatic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Lan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Aquatic Products Processing and Storage Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Aquatic Products Processing and Storage Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Deshotel MB, Dave UM, Farmer B, Kemboi D, Nelson DC. Bacteriophage endolysin treatment for systemic infection of Streptococcus iniae in hybrid striped bass. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 145:109296. [PMID: 38104698 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus iniae, a zoonotic Gram-positive pathogen, poses a threat to finfish aquaculture, causing streptococcosis with an annual economic impact exceeding $150 million globally. As aquaculture trends shift towards recirculating systems, the potential for horizontal transmission of S. iniae among fish intensifies. Current vaccine development provides only short-term protection, driving the widespread use of antibiotics like florfenicol. However, this practice raises environmental concerns and potentially contributes to antibiotic resistance. Thus, alternative strategies are urgently needed. Endolysin therapy, derived from bacteriophages, employs hydrolytic endolysin enzymes that target bacterial peptidoglycan cell walls. This study assesses three synthetic endolysins (PlyGBS 90-1, PlyGBS 90-8, and ClyX-2) alongside the antibiotic carbenicillin in treating S. iniae-infected hybrid striped bass (HSB). Results demonstrate that ClyX-2 exhibits remarkable bacteriolytic potency, with lytic activity detected at concentrations as low as ∼15 μg/mL, approximately 8-fold more potent than the PlyGBS derivatives. In therapeutic effectiveness assessments, both carbenicillin and ClyX-2 treatments achieved significantly higher survival rates (85 % and 95 %, respectively) compared to placebo and PlyGBS-based endolysin treatments. Importantly, no statistical differences were observed between ClyX-2 and carbenicillin treatments. This highlights ClyX-2 as a promising alternative for combating S. iniae infections in aquaculture, offering potent bacteriolytic activity and high survival rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Deshotel
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Stuttgart, AR, 72160, USA.
| | - Urmil M Dave
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Bradley Farmer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Stuttgart, AR, 72160, USA
| | - Daniel Kemboi
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Daniel C Nelson
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sheehy A, Shahin K, Camus A, Francis-Floyd R, Yanong R, Fogelson S, Soto E. Diagnosis of piscine francisellosis in Largemouth Bass from a public display exhibit in north-central Florida, USA. J Aquat Anim Health 2023; 35:201-210. [PMID: 37965692 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides is an important freshwater fish that is native to the southeastern United States and is cultured for conservation, food, and for the sports fishing industry. Francisella orientalis is a globally distributed bacterial pathogen of warmwater fish species and is associated with granulomatous inflammation and high mortalities. Outbreaks of piscine francisellosis in the United States have been reported in only a few fish species. This study describes three case presentations of francisellosis in Largemouth Bass from a public display system in north-central Florida. Additionally, laboratory-controlled immersion challenges using an F. orientalis isolate from tilapia Oreochromis spp. evaluate susceptibility of Largemouth Bass fingerlings to F. orientalis infection and mortality through this exposure route. METHODS Necropsy, histologic examination, immunohistochemistry, bacterial recovery and culture, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used as diagnostic tools to evaluate both the affected display fish and the immersion-challenged fingerlings. RESULT Although the display fish and immersion-challenged fingerlings presented with nonspecific clinical signs, gross and histological changes were indicative of granulomatous disease. Immunohistochemical and molecular testing methods confirmed F. orientalis infection in affected fish. CONCLUSION The three case presentations described here mark the first reporting of naturally occurring piscine francisellosis in Largemouth Bass that were held in a public display exhibit. Additionally, causality was proven in the Largemouth Bass fingerlings through the immersion challenges. These findings demonstrate susceptibility through immersion-based exposure and assert that francisellosis should be considered among the list of differential diagnoses for Largemouth Bass with granulomatous disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Sheehy
- Aquatic Animal Health Program, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Khalid Shahin
- Aquatic Animal Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Alvin Camus
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ruth Francis-Floyd
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Roy Yanong
- Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Ruskin, Florida, USA
| | | | - Esteban Soto
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lang A, Lan W, Gu Y, Wang Z, Xie J. Effects of ε-polylysine and chitooligosaccharide Maillard reaction products on quality of refrigerated sea bass fillets. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:152-163. [PMID: 35848059 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Maillard reaction is a promising and safe method for obtaining chitooligosaccharide conjugates with proteins or peptides as food preservatives. This study aims to investigate the moisture state, physicochemical properties, and shelf-life of sea bass fillets treated with ε-polylysine (ε-PL) and chitooligosaccharides (COS), which are Maillard reaction products (LC-MRPs), during refrigerated storage. RESULTS The results of microbiological analysis and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) revealed that LC-MRPs could retard microbial growth effectively. Compared with control, other treated groups could strongly retard the increase in the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, the K-value and the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) value, and also inhibited the softening of texture and the accumulation of biogenic amines in fish. The results of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicate that LC-MRPs could delay the water migration of fillets and increase water holding capacity (WHC). Through sensory evaluation, the application of LC-MRPs increased the shelf-life of refrigerated sea bass fillets for another 9 days. CONCLUSION Maillard reaction products derived from chitooligosaccharides and ε-polylysine have strong potential for preserving sea bass. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Lang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Lan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Aquatic Products Processing and Storage Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongji Gu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Aquatic Products Processing and Storage Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu J, Ma Y, Nie Y, Wang J, Feng G, Hao L, Huang W, Li Y, Liu Z. Functional Characterization of Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides) Soluble FcγR Homolog in Response to Bacterial Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213788. [PMID: 36430268 PMCID: PMC9699129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc receptors (FcRs) are key players in antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) with their specific recognition of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin. Despite reports of FcγR-mediated phagocytosis in mammals, little is known about the effects of soluble FcγRs on the immune response. In this study, FcγRIα was cloned from the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) (MsFcγRIα). Without a transmembrane segment or a cytoplasmic tail, MsFcγRIα was identified as a soluble form protein and widely distributed in the spleen, head kidney, and intestine. The native MsFcγRIα was detected in the serum of Nocardia seriolae-infected largemouth bass and the supernatants of transfected HEK293 cells. Additionally, it was verified that the transfected cells' surface secreted MsFcRIα could bind to largemouth bass IgM. Moreover, the expression changes of MsFcγRIα, Syk, and Lyn indicated that MsFcγRIα was engaged in the acute phase response to bacteria, and the FcγR-mediated phagocytosis pathway was activated by Nocardia seriolae stimulation. Furthermore, recombinant MsFcγRIα could enhance both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phagocytosis to Nocardia seriolae of leukocytes, presumably through the interaction of MsFcγRIα with a complement receptor. In conclusion, these findings provided a better understanding of the function of soluble FcγRs in the immune response and further shed light on the mechanism of phagocytosis in teleosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanping Ma
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yifan Nie
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jingya Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guoqing Feng
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Le Hao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yugu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhenxing Liu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang X, Lan W, Zhao X, Lang A, Xie J. Inhibitory effects of chitosan grafted chlorogenic acid on antioxidase activity, and lipid and protein oxidation of sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) fillets stored at 4 °C. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:6236-6245. [PMID: 35502594 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus), a marine fish, is prone to spoilage due to its high nutritional value. Preservatives are commonly used for storage for the production of fish fillets. In this work, chitosan (CS) was grafted onto chlorogenic acid (CA) to obtain a new preservative, chitosan grafted chlorogenic acid (CS-g-CA), which could enhance the biochemical properties of chitosan and obtain better antibacterial and antibacterial properties. This study therefore investigated the inhibitory effects of CS-g-CA on antioxidant enzyme activity, and lipid and protein oxidation of sea bass fillets stored at 4 °C. RESULTS Compared with the control group on day 9, the activity of 63% catalase (CAT), 78% superoxide diamidase (SOD), 73% glutathione peroxide enzyme (GSH-Px) and 60% DPPH scavenging activity was retained by CS-g-CA treatment. Changes in thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and conjugated diene (CD) values were delayed by CS-g-CA treatment. The use of CS-g-CA retards protein oxidation by inhibiting the formation of free amino acid and carbonyl groups, and maintaining a higher sulfhydryl content. Regarding myofibril degradation, CS-g-CA could maintain protein secondary structure by increasing the ratio of α-helices. CONCLUSIONS Chitosan-grafted chlorogenic acid could protect the activity of antioxidant enzymes and inhibit lipid oxidation by slowing down the production of lipid oxidation products. It also delayed protein oxidation by inhibiting oxidation product generation and stabilizing protein structure. It could therefore be used as a promising preservative for seafood. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Lan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Aquatic Products Processing and Storage Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - XinYu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai Lang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Aquatic Products Processing and Storage Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Raharjo HM, Budiyansah H, Mursalim MF, Chokmangmeepisarn P, Sakulworakan R, Madyod S, Sewaka M, Sonthi M, Debnath PP, Elayaraja S, Rung-Ruangkijkrai T, Dong HT, Rodkhum C. Distribution of Vibrionaceae in farmed Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer in Thailand and their high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. J Fish Dis 2022; 45:1355-1371. [PMID: 35675521 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the etiological agent of Vibriosis along with its distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles among farmed Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) in Thailand. The study isolated 283 Vibrionaceae from 15 Asian sea bass farms located around the provinces of the Andaman Sea and Gulf of Thailand coasts to uncover the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles. Bacterial identification based on a combination of the biochemical characteristics, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, and the species-specific PCR demonstrated the predominant Vibrionaceae were Vibrio harveyi (n = 56), Photobacterium damselae (n = 35), and V. vulnificus (n = 31), respectively. According to a laboratory challenge experiment, among the six isolates, only V. harveyi was found to cause clinical signs of muscle necrosis and scale loss in Asian sea bass. Antibiotics resistance test results exhibited high resistance to antibiotics such as metronidazole (100%), streptomycin (97%), clindamycin (96%), colistin sulphate (70%) and amoxicillin (59%). Remarkably, 100% of Vibrionaceae isolates are susceptible to florfenicol. The 28 of 29 resistance profiles were multidrug resistances (MDR), with V. vulnificus having the highest MAR value (0.66). The findings of this study advise that a surveillance program, as well as preventive and control measures, be developed for Vibrionaceae to reduce production loss, pathogen proliferation, and antibiotic abuse, whereas AMR data indicate substantial health problems for aquatic animals and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hendri Budiyansah
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Muhammad Fadhlullah Mursalim
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Putita Chokmangmeepisarn
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungnapa Sakulworakan
- Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sulaiman Madyod
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Mariya Sewaka
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Molruedee Sonthi
- Faculty of Marine Technology, Burapha University, Chanthaburi, Thailand
| | - Partho Pratim Debnath
- Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sivaramasamy Elayaraja
- Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Ha Thanh Dong
- Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management Program, Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), School of Environment, Resources & Development, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Channarong Rodkhum
- Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gauthier DT, Doss JH, LaGatta M, Gupta T, Karls RK, Quinn FD. Genomic Degeneration and Reduction in the Fish Pathogen Mycobacterium shottsii. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0115821. [PMID: 35579461 PMCID: PMC9241763 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01158-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium shottsii is a dysgonic, nonpigmented mycobacterium originally isolated from diseased striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in the Chesapeake Bay, USA. Genomic analysis reveals that M. shottsii is a Mycobacterium ulcerans/Mycobacterium marinum clade (MuMC) member, but unlike the superficially similar M. pseudoshottsii, also isolated from striped bass, it is not an M. ulcerans ecovar, instead belonging to a transitional group of strains basal to proposed "Aronson" and "M" lineages. Although phylogenetically distinct from the human pathogen M. ulcerans, the M. shottsii genome shows parallel but nonhomologous genomic degeneration, including massive accumulation of pseudogenes accompanied by proliferation of unique insertion sequences (ISMysh01, ISMysh03), large-scale deletions, and genomic reorganization relative to typical M. marinum strains. Coupled with its observed ecological characteristics and loss of chromogenicity, the genomic structure of M. shottsii is suggestive of evolution toward a state of obligate pathogenicity, as observed for other Mycobacterium spp., including M. ulcerans, M. tuberculosis, and M. leprae. IMPORTANCE Morone saxatilis (striped bass) is an ecologically and economically important finfish species on the United States east coast. Mycobacterium shottsii and Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii were originally described in the early 2000s as novel species from outbreaks of visceral and dermal mycobacteriosis in this species. Biochemical and genetic characterization place these species within the Mycobacterium ulcerans/M. marinum clade (MuMC), and M. pseudoshottsii has been proposed as an ecovar of M. ulcerans. Here, we describe the complete genome of M. shottsii, demonstrating that it is clearly not an M. ulcerans ecovar; however, it has undergone parallel genomic modification suggestive of a transition to obligate pathogenicity. As in M. ulcerans, the M. shottsii genome demonstrates widespread pseudogene formation driven by proliferation of insertion sequences, as well as genomic reorganization. This work clarifies the phylogenetic position of M. shottsii relative to other MuMC members and provides insight into processes shaping its genomic structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. T. Gauthier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - J. H. Doss
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - M. LaGatta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Pathens Incorporated, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - T. Gupta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - R. K. Karls
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Pathens Incorporated, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - F. D. Quinn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Pathens Incorporated, Athens, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Neves JV, Barroso C, Carvalho P, Nunes M, Gonçalves JFM, Rodrigues PNS. Characterization of Erythroferrone in a Teleost Fish (Dicentrarchus labrax) With Two Functional Hepcidin Types: More Than an Erythroid Regulator. Front Immunol 2022; 13:867630. [PMID: 35464433 PMCID: PMC9024048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.867630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythroferrone is a recently identified erythroid regulator produced by erythroblasts in the mammalian bone marrow and extramedullary sites, known to be induced in conditions of anemia or blood loss. Iron metabolism is affected by erythroferrone through its capacity to inhibit hepcidin production, leading to the increase of iron availability required for erythropoiesis. However, little is known about erythroferrone function in other vertebrates, in particular teleost fish, that unlike mammals, present two different functional types of hepcidin, one type mostly involved in iron metabolism and the other in antimicrobial response. The study of erythroferrone evolution and its biological role in teleost fish can give us valuably new insights into its function. To address these questions, we characterized erythroferrone in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), a species presenting two hepcidin types, and evaluated variations in its expression levels in response to different experimental conditions. During experimental anemia, erythroferrone responds by increasing its expression and suppressing hepcidin production, following the pattern observed in mammals, but it is not influenced by iron overload. However, during bacterial infection, erythroferrone is downregulated and hepcidin levels increase. Furthermore, administration of Hamp1 but not of Hamp2 peptides suppresses erythroferrone expression. In conclusion, in dual hepcidin teleost fish erythroferrone seems to only interact with type 1 hepcidin, known to be involved in iron homeostasis, but not with type 2, which has an almost exclusive antimicrobial role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João V. Neves
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Iron and Innate Immunity, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: João V. Neves, ; José F. M. Gonçalves,
| | - Carolina Barroso
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Iron and Innate Immunity, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Programa Doutoral em Biologia Molecular e Celular (MCbiology), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Carvalho
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Magda Nunes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José F. M. Gonçalves
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: João V. Neves, ; José F. M. Gonçalves,
| | - Pedro N. S. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Iron and Innate Immunity, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rosado D, Pérez-Losada M, Severino R, Xavier R. Monitoring Infection and Antibiotic Treatment in the Skin Microbiota of Farmed European Seabass (Dicentrarchus Labrax) Fingerlings. Microb Ecol 2022; 83:789-797. [PMID: 34245329 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota of fish skin, the primary barrier against disease, is highly dynamic and modulated by several factors. In fish aquaculture, disease outbreaks occur mainly during early-life stages, with associated high economic losses. Antibiotic treatments sometimes remain the best option to control bacterial diseases, despite many reported negative impacts of its use on fish and associated microbiota. Notwithstanding, studies monitoring the effects of disease and antibiotic treatment on the microbiota of fingerlings are scarce. We sequenced the bacterial 16S rRNA V4 gene region using a metabarcoding approach to assess the impact of a mixed infection with Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida and Vibrio harveyi and subsequent antibiotic treatment with flumequine, on the skin microbiota of farmed seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fingerlings. Both infection and antibiotic treatment led to a significant increase in bacterial diversity and core microbial communities and impacted microbiome structure. Dysbiosis was confirmed by changes in the abundance of potential pathogenic and opportunistic bacterial taxa. Skin bacterial metabolic function was also significantly affected by flumequine administration, suggesting a detriment to fish skin health. Our results add to an increasing body of literature, showing how fish microbiome response to infection and antibiotics cannot be easily predicted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rosado
- CIBIO-InBIO, Investigation Centre for Biodiversity, Genetics and Evolution, Porto University, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, 4485-661, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marcos Pérez-Losada
- CIBIO-InBIO, Investigation Centre for Biodiversity, Genetics and Evolution, Porto University, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, 4485-661, Porto, Portugal
- Computational Biology Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052-0066, USA
| | - Ricardo Severino
- Piscicultura Vale da Lama, Sapal Do Vale da Lama, Odiáxere, 8600-258, Lagos, Portugal
| | - Raquel Xavier
- CIBIO-InBIO, Investigation Centre for Biodiversity, Genetics and Evolution, Porto University, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, 4485-661, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Feng Z, Zhong Y, He G, Sun H, Chen Y, Zhou W, Lin S. Yeast culture improved the growth performance, liver function, intestinal barrier and microbiota of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed high-starch diet. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 120:706-715. [PMID: 34954371 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of yeast culture on the growth, health and microflora of the juvenile largemouth bass fed high-starch diet. The experiment set three isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, control (high-starch diet), HSY1 (high-starch diet with 1% yeast culture) and HSY3 (high-starch diet with 3% yeast culture). A feeding trial was conducted in largemouth bass juveniles for 8 weeks. The results indicated fish fed with 3% yeast culture not only could improve specific growth rate (SGR), but also significantly decreased hepatic lipid content, hepatic glycogen content, and hepatopancreas somatic index (HSI) compared with the control group (p<0.05). The total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities of HSY3 group significantly increased while malondialdehyde (MDA) content significantly reduced in liver compared with the control group (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the mRNA expression levels of hepatic Sod and Cat were up-regulated (p<0.05), and liver metabolism showed 111 metabolites were significantly changed in HSY3 group, liver lipid metabolism pathway remarkably changed. Besides, the intestinal anti-inflammatory cytokines were significantly up-regulated, and the pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly down-regulated as the inclusion of yeast culture (p<0.05). Notably, HSY3 group diet up-regulated the expression of Zo-1, Claudin and Occludin in intestine compared with the other groups (p<0.05). Serum d-lactate (D-lac), diamine oxidase (DAO) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) decreased significantly with the inclusion of yeast culture (p<0.05). Furthermore, the abundance of probiotics (such as Lactobacillus, Bacillus and Bifidobacterium) increased significantly, and the abundance of intestinal potential pathogenic bacteria (Plesiomonas) decreased in HSY3 group (p<0.05). The phenotypic analysis showed that gram-negative bacteria significantly decreased while gram-positive bacteria increased in HSY3 group (p<0.05). All in all, this study revealed that supplementation of 3% yeast culture can improve the growth performance and the health of juvenile largemouth bass, and has the potential to be used as an effective synbiotics for M. salmoides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuandong Feng
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Yunfei Zhong
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Guanglun He
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Beijing Enhalor Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Shimei Lin
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tang Y, Jiao J, Zhao L, Zhuang Z, Wang X, Fu Q, Huang H, Huang L, Qin Y, Zhang J, Yan Q. The contribution of exbB gene to pathogenicity of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida and its interactions with Epinephelus coioides. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 120:610-619. [PMID: 34968708 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To study the roles of the exbB gene in Pseudomonas plecoglossicida during interactions with Epinephelus coioides, five short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) were designed and synthesized to silence the exbB gene in P. plecoglossicida which resulted in significant reductions in exbB mRNA expression. The mutant with the best silencing efficiency (89.3%) was selected for further study. Silencing exbB in the exbB-RNA interference (RNAi) strain resulted in a 70% increase in the survival rate and a 3-day delay in the onset of infection in E. coioides. Silencing of the exbB gene also resulted in a significant decrease in the number of white spots on the spleen surface and in the spleen pathogen load. The results of dual RNA-seq showed that exbB silencing in P. plecoglossicida also resulted in a significant change in both the pathogen and host transcriptomes in the spleens of infected E. coioides. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that silencing exbB caused significant changes in multiple signaling molecules and interaction- and immune system-related genes in E. coioides. Gene silencing also resulted in the differential expression of flagellar assembly and the bacterial secretion system in P. plecoglossicida during the infection period, and most of the DEGs were down-regulation. These host-pathogen interactions may make it easier for E. coioides to eliminate the exbB-RNAi strain of P. plecoglossicida, suggesting a significant decrease in the pathogenicity of this strain. These results indicated that exbB was a virulence gene of P. plecoglossicida which contributed a lot in the pathogen-host interactions with E. coioides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Jiping Jiao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Lingmin Zhao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Zhixia Zhuang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Xiaoru Wang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Qi Fu
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Huabin Huang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China
| | - Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Yingxue Qin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Jiaonan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Feed for Fujian, Fujian Tianma Technology Company Limited, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350308, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China; College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361024, China; Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Feed for Fujian, Fujian Tianma Technology Company Limited, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350308, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
He L, Wang L, Zhao L, Zhuang Z, Wang X, Huang H, Fu Q, Huang L, Qin Y, Wang P, Yan Q. Integration of RNA-seq and RNAi reveals the contribution of znuA gene to the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida and to the immune response of Epinephelus coioides. J Fish Dis 2021; 44:1831-1841. [PMID: 34339054 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is an important pathogen in aquaculture and causes serious economic losses. Our previous study indicated that znuA gene might play an important role in the pathogenicity of P. plecoglossicida. Five shRNAs were designed and synthesized to silence the znuA gene of P. plecoglossicida. Two of the five mutants of P. plecoglossicida exhibited significant reduction in the expression level of znuA mRNA with different efficiencies. The mutant with the highest silencing efficiency of 89.2% was chosen for further studies. Intrapleural injection of the znuA-RNAi strain at a dose of 105 cfu/fish did not cause the death of Epinephelus coioides, and no significant signs were observed at the spleen surface of infected E. coioides, while the counterpart E. coioides infected by the same dose of wild-type strain of P. plecoglossicida all died in 5 days post-infection (dpi). The expression of znuA gene of znuA-RNAi strain in E. coioides was always lower than that in wild-type strain of P. plecoglossicida. The pathogen load in the early stage of infection was higher than that in the later stage of infection. Although the infection of the znuA-RNAi strain of P. plecoglossicida could induce the production of antibodies in E. coioides, it failed to produce a good immune protection against the infection of wild-type strain of P. plecoglossicida. Compared with the transcriptome data of E. coioides infected by the wild-type strain of P. plecoglossicida, the transcriptome data of E. coioides infected by the znuA-RNAi strain of P. plecoglossicida have altered significantly. Among them, KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the focal adhesion pathway was significantly enriched and exhibited the largest number of 302 DEMs (differentially expressed mRNAs). These results showed that the immune response of E. coioides to P. plecoglossicida infection was significantly affected by the RNAi of znuA gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le He
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Luying Wang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lingmin Zhao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhixia Zhuang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoru Wang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huabin Huang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qi Fu
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingxue Qin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Functional Feed and Environmental Regulation of Fujian Province, Fujian Dabeinong Aquatic Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Leu JH, Tsai CH, Yang CH, Chou HY, Wang HC. Identification and characterization of l-amino acid oxidase 2 gene in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 120:104058. [PMID: 33657430 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, l-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs) have been identified in several fish species as first-line defense molecules against bacterial infection. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of a fish LAAO gene, EcLAAO2, from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). The full-length cDNA is 3030 bp, with an ORF encoding a protein of 511 amino acids. EcLAAO2 is mainly expressed in the fin, gill, and intestine. Its expression is upregulated in several immune organs after challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and poly (I:C). The recombinant EcLAAO2 protein (rEcLAAO2), expressed and purified from a baculovirus expression system, was determined to be a glycosylated dimer. According to a hydrogen peroxide-production assay, the recombinant protein was identified as having LAAO enzyme activity with substrate preference for L-Phe and L-Trp, but not L-Lys as other known fish LAAOs. rEcLAAO2 could effectively inhibit the growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis while exhibiting less effective inhibition of the growth of Escherichia coli. Finally, protein models based on sequence homology were constructed to predict the three-dimensional structure of EcLAAO2 as well as to explain the difference in substrate specificity between EcLAAO2 and other reported fish LAAOs. In conclusion, this study identifies EcLAAO2 as a novel fish LAAO with a substrate preference distinct from other known fish LAAOs and reveals that it may function against invading pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiann-Horng Leu
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chi-Hang Tsai
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Hsun Yang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Yiu Chou
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hao-Ching Wang
- The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC; International Center for the Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Monzón-Atienza L, Bravo J, Torrecillas S, Montero D, Canales AFGD, de la Banda IG, Galindo-Villegas J, Ramos-Vivas J, Acosta F. Isolation and Characterization of a Bacillus velezensis D-18 Strain, as a Potential Probiotic in European Seabass Aquaculture. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1404-1412. [PMID: 33811608 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Within the food-producing sectors, aquaculture is the one that has developed the greatest growth in recent decades, currently representing almost 50% of the world's edible fish. The diseases can affect the final production in intensive aquaculture; in seabass, aquaculture vibriosis is one of the most important diseases producing huge economical losses in this industry. The usual methodology to solve the problems associated with the bacterial pathology has been the use of antibiotics, with known environmental consequences. This is why probiotic bacteria are proposed as an alternative fight against pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to analyse a strain of Bacillus velezensis D-18 isolated from a wastewater sample collected from a fish farm, for use as probiotics in aquaculture. The strain was evaluated in vitro through various mechanisms of selection, obtaining as results for growth inhibition by co-culture a reduction of 30%; B. velezensis D-18 was able to survive at 1.5-h exposure to 10% seabass bile, and at pH 4, its survival is 5% and reducing by 60% the adhesion capacity of V. anguillarum 507 to the mucus of seabass and in vivo by performing a challenge. Therefore, in conclusion, we consider B. velezensis D-18 isolate from wastewater samples collected from the farms as a good candidate probiotic in the prevention of the infection by Vibrio anguillarum 507 in European seabass after in vitro and biosafety assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Monzón-Atienza
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Jimena Bravo
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Silvia Torrecillas
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Daniel Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | | | | | | | - José Ramos-Vivas
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Félix Acosta
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Instituto Ecoaqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Santos RA, Oliva-Teles A, Pousão-Ferreira P, Jerusik R, Saavedra MJ, Enes P, Serra CR. Isolation and Characterization of Fish-Gut Bacillus spp. as Source of Natural Antimicrobial Compounds to Fight Aquaculture Bacterial Diseases. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2021; 23:276-293. [PMID: 33544251 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is responsible for more than 50% of global seafood consumption. Bacterial diseases are a major constraint to this sector and associated with misuse of antibiotics, pose serious threats to public health. Fish-symbionts, co-inhabitants of fish pathogens, might be a promising source of natural antimicrobial compounds (NACs) alternative to antibiotics, limiting bacterial diseases occurrence in aquafarms. In particular, sporeforming Bacillus spp. are known for their probiotic potential and production of NACs antagonistic of bacterial pathogens and are abundant in aquaculture fish guts. Harnessing the fish-gut microbial community potential, 172 sporeforming strains producing NACs were isolated from economically important aquaculture fish species, namely European seabass, gilthead seabream, and white seabream. We demonstrated that they possess anti-growth, anti-biofilm, or anti-quorum-sensing activities, to control bacterial infections and 52% of these isolates effectively antagonized important fish pathogens, including Aeromonas hydrophila, A. salmonicida, A. bivalvium, A. veronii, Vibrio anguillarum, V. harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, Photobacterium damselae, Tenacibaculum maritimum, Edwardsiela tarda, and Shigella sonnei. By in vitro quantification of sporeformers' capacity to suppress growth and biofilm formation of fish pathogens, and by assessing their potential to interfere with pathogens communication, we identified three promising candidates to become probiotics or source of bioactive molecules to be used in aquaculture against bacterial aquaculture diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela A Santos
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- CITAB - Centro de Investigação E Tecnologias Agroambientais E Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
- CECAV - Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- Instituto Português Do Mar E da Atmosfera (IPMA), Estação Piloto de Piscicultura de Olhão, Av. 5 de Outubro s/n, 8700-305, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Russell Jerusik
- Epicore Bionetworks Inc., 4 Lina Lane, NJ, 08060, Eastampton, USA
| | - Maria J Saavedra
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- CITAB - Centro de Investigação E Tecnologias Agroambientais E Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV - Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, ECAV, Universidade de Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula Enes
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Cláudia R Serra
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liao J, Cai Y, Wang X, Shang C, Zhang Q, Shi H, Wang S, Zhang D, Zhou Y. Effects of a Potential Host Gut-Derived Probiotic, Bacillus subtilis 6-3-1, on the Growth, Non-specific Immune Response and Disease Resistance of Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1119-1137. [PMID: 33715082 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09768-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A potential host-derived probiotic, Bacillus subtilis 6-3-1, was successfully screened from 768 isolates from the intestines of healthy hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) based on multiple probiotic characteristics in vitro assays, such as, non-hemolytic activity, extracellular enzyme activity, inhibitory activity against pathogens, tolerance to gastrointestinal stress, cell surface hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, and antibiotic susceptibility. Eight weeks of feeding trial revealed that dietary supplementation of B. subtilis 6-3-1 at all three concentrations (1 × 106 CFU g-1 as BS6; 1 × 107 CFU g-1 as BS7; 1 × 108 CFU g-1 as BS8) could promote the growth performance of hybrid groupers to a certain extent at different time points. At the end of 8th week, BS6 and BS8 significantly promoted the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) of hybrid groupers. The digestive enzyme activities were also increased in BS6 and BS8 groups comparing with those in control group, except that the increase of amylase activities in BS6 was not significant (P > 0.05). However, BS7 showed the best non-specific immunity stimulating effects among the three concentration groups. While BS7 significantly boosted serum total protein contents, lysozyme (LZM), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and acid phosphatase (ACP) levels, BS6 significantly enhanced serum total protein, LZM activity, and BS8 significantly improved LZM, respiratory bursts activity. B. subtilis 6-3-1 up-regulated the expression of MyD88 in head kidney and intestine and increased villi length (VL) in intestine of BS7 group. It also up-regulated the expression of IgM in head kidney in BS6 group and IgM and TLR1 in intestine of BS8 group. Though all B. subtilis 6-3-1 supplemented groups reduced the cumulative mortality rate post-Vibro harveyi-challenge, BS7 showed the best protection effects among the three concentration groups. In conclusion, with its immune promoting, intestine health enhancing, and V. harveyi resisting effects, BS7 show great potential to be used as a probiotic in hybrid grouper culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongcan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Serra CR, Oliva-Teles A, Enes P, Tavares F. Gut microbiota dynamics in carnivorous European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed plant-based diets. Sci Rep 2021; 11:447. [PMID: 33432059 PMCID: PMC7801451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy gastrointestinal microbiota is essential for host fitness, and strongly modulated by host diet. In aquaculture, a current challenge is to feed carnivorous fish with plant-feedstuffs in substitution of fish meal, an unsustainable commodity. Plants have a limited nutritive value due to the presence of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) which are not metabolized by fish. In this work we assessed the effects of NSP-enriched diets on European seabass gut microbiota and evaluate the selective pressure of plant feedstuffs towards gut microbes with NSP-hydrolytic potential, i.e. capable to convert indigestible dietary constituents in fish metabolites. Triplicate groups of European seabass juveniles were fed a fish meal-based diet (control) or three plant-based diets (SBM, soybean meal; RSM, rapeseed meal; SFM, sunflower meal) for 6 weeks, before recovering intestinal samples for microbiota analysis, using the Illumina's MiSeq platform. Plant-based diets impacted differently digesta and mucosal microbiota. A decrease (p = 0.020) on species richness, accompanied by a decline on the relative abundance of specific phyla such as Acidobacteria (p = 0.030), was observed in digesta samples of SBM and RSM experimental fish, but no effects were seen in mucosa-associated microbiota. Plant-based diets favored the Firmicutes (p = 0.01), in particular the Bacillaceae (p = 0.017) and Clostridiaceae (p = 0.007), two bacterial families known to harbor carbohydrate active enzymes and thus putatively more prone to grow in high NSP environments. Overall, bacterial gut communities of European seabass respond to plant-feedstuffs with adjustments in the presence of transient microorganisms (allochthonous) with carbohydrolytic potential, while maintaining a balanced core (autochthonous) microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia R Serra
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Universidade do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Universidade do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Enes
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Universidade do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Tavares
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- CIBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO - Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Torres-Corral Y, Santos Y. Development of a real-time PCR assay for detection and quantification of Streptococcus iniae using the lactate permease gene. J Fish Dis 2021; 44:53-61. [PMID: 32959452 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is the development and evaluation of a rapid and accurate quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based protocol for detection of zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus iniae in bacterial cultures and tissues of diseased fish. For this purpose, the lactate permease-encoding (lldY) gene was selected as a target for the design of S. iniae-specific primers based on comparative genomic analysis using 45 sequences retrieved from NCBI genome database. Specificity and applicability of these primers were tested using 115 bacterial strains and fish tissues infected with S. iniae. Sensitivity, reproducibility and efficiency of qPCR assay were also determined. The developed qPCR assay showed 100% specificity with pure bacterial cultures or DNA extracted from S. iniae or tissues of fish infected with the bacterium. The method has high sensitivity with a detection limit of 1.12 × 101 amplicon copies per assay (equivalent to 2 × 10-9 ng/µl) using bacterial DNA and of 1.44 × 101 gene copies in tissues of fish infected with S. iniae. In conclusion, this qPCR protocol provides an accurate and sensitive alternative for the identification of S. iniae and its detection on fish tissues that can be implemented as a routine tool in microbiological laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Torres-Corral
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Análisis Químico y Biológico (IAQBUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ysabel Santos
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Análisis Químico y Biológico (IAQBUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
El-Dakroury MF, El-Gohary MS, M El-Gamal A. Bacterial Causes for Mortality Syndrome in Some Marine Fish Farms with Treatment Trials. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:1513-1522. [PMID: 33274883 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.1513.1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Bacterial fish diseases constitute a major problem in aquaculture, it was found in the environment and under stressors cause severe economic losses to fish. This work aimed to investigate the bacterial causes and suitable treatments of mass mortality in some cultured marine fish farms in Damietta governorate. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed on 5 farms suffered from mass mortality. Total of 100 diseased fish (10 sea bass and 10 sea bream/farm) and 20 water samples were randomly collected from these farms. Bacteriological examinations were carried out followed by in vitro sensitivity tests. Treatment trial was performed using the most effective antibacterial agent on isolated bacteria. RESULTS From fish and water samples Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp. and Vibrio spp. were isolated with the rat of (16, 10%), (22, 10%) and (28, 10%) respectively. These results were confirmed biochemically. Some virulence genes of isolated bacteria were detected using PCR; meanwhile, enrofloxacin reduced significantly the mortality rates in examined farms. CONCLUSION It could be concluded that, Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp. and Vibrio spp. are the main bacterial species causing mass mortality in marine fish farms. These bacteria were highly sensitive to enrofloxacin in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
|
22
|
Chieng CCY, Daud HM, Yusoff FM, Thompson KD, Abdullah M. Mucosal responses of brown-marbled grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775) following intraperitoneal infection with Vibrio harveyi. J Fish Dis 2020; 43:1249-1258. [PMID: 32830331 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Groupers are popular aquaculture species in South-East Asia, but their cultivation is affected by infectious disease outbreaks. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues provide a first-line defence against pathogens; however, few studies are available relating to cellular or proteomic responses of mucosal immunity in grouper. Skin, gill and intestine were sampled from brown-marbled grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775) at 4 and 96 hr post-infection (hpi) and 7 days post-infection (dpi) following intraperitoneal infection with Vibrio harveyi, and stained with haematoxylin/eosin and Alcian Blue/periodic acid-Schiff. Skin mucus was analysed by 2D-gel electrophoresis, and proteins modulated by the bacterial infection identified. In the infected fish, significant increases in sacciform cells in skin and increased levels of nucleoside diphosphate kinase in mucus were detected at 4 hpi. At 96 hpi, goblet cells containing acidic mucins significantly increased in the intestine, while those containing mixed mucins increased in skin and gills of infected fish. Proteasome subunit alpha type-I and extracellular Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase levels also increased in mucus. Rodlet and mast cells did not appear to respond to the infection. Mucosal tissues of grouper appeared actively involved in response to Vibrio infection. This information may help future research on improving grouper health, production and vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Cheng Yun Chieng
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hassan Mohd Daud
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Md Yusoff
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Maha Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lee PT, Liao ZH, Huang HT, Chuang CY, Nan FH. β-glucan alleviates the immunosuppressive effects of oxytetracycline on the non-specific immune responses and resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus infection in Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus hybrids. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 100:467-475. [PMID: 32217140 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the combinatory effects of β-glucan and oxytetracycline (OTC) on hybrid giant tiger groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus). In vitro tests, OTC significantly reduced superoxide anion production and phagocytic activity in primary head kidney leukocytes. However, this suppressive effect was alleviated by co-treatment with β-glucan. Subsequently, feeding trials were performed to investigate the potential immunomodulatory effects of dietary β-glucan alone or in combination with OTC on groupers. A total of 210 healthy groupers (368.00 ± 51.03 g) were divided into six groups. Group 1 was the control group, group 2 (BG) received 5 g β-glucan per kg feed weight, groups 3-5 received 5 g/kg β-glucan in combination with 10, 30, or 50 mg OTC/kg fish weight/day (groups M1, M2, and M3, respectively), and group 6 (O) received 50 mg OTC/kg fish weight/day. Fish were sampled to determine the innate immunity parameters and residual OTC levels in the muscle tissue during a 28-day feeding regimen. Residual OTC levels were considerably higher in groups M3 and O compared with the other groups, and peaked on day 14. This was followed by a slight decrease on day 28, despite a continuous supply of OTC. Notably, fish fed with OTC alone had significantly decreased phagocytic rates and superoxide anion production observed in head kidney leukocytes, as well as poorer protection against Vibrio alginolyticus infection. These immunosuppressive effects were not observed in the fish fed with β-glucan in combination with a lower dose of OTC (group M2). Thus, these data suggest that the combination of dietary β-glucan and OTC exerts synergistic immunostimulating effects that protect groupers from bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Tsang Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan.
| | - Zhen-Hao Liao
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Ting Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Chuang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Hua Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rimoldi S, Torrecillas S, Montero D, Gini E, Makol A, Valdenegro V. V, Izquierdo M, Terova G. Assessment of dietary supplementation with galactomannan oligosaccharides and phytogenics on gut microbiota of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax) fed low fishmeal and fish oil based diet. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231494. [PMID: 32298317 PMCID: PMC7162502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest from the aquafeed industry in functional feeds containing selected additives that improve fish growth performance and health status. Functional feed additives include probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, and phytogenics (substances derived from plants and their extracts). This study evaluated the effects of dietary inclusion of a mucilage extract rich in galactomannan oligosaccharides (GMOS), a mixture of garlic and labiatae-plants oils (PHYTO), and a combination of them (GMOSPHYTO), on gut microbiota composition of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed with a low fishmeal (FM) and fish oil (FO) diet. Three experimental diets and a control diet (plant-based formulation with 10% FM and 6% FO) were tested in a 63-days feeding trial. To analyze the microbiota associated to feeds and the intestinal autochthonous (mucosa-adhered) and allochthonous (transient) microbial communities, the Illumina MiSeq platform for sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and QIIME2 pipeline were used. Metabarcoding analysis of feed-associated bacteria showed that the microbial communities of control (CTRL) feed deeply differed from those of experimental diets. The number of reads was significantly lower in CTRL feed than in other feeds. The OTU (operational taxonomic unit) number was instead similar between the feeds, ranging from 42 to 50 OTUs. The variation of resident gut microbiota induced by diet was lower than the variation of transient intestinal microbiota, because feedstuffs are a major source of allochthonous bacteria, which can temporarily integrate into the gut transient microbiome. However, the composition of transient bacterial communities was not simply a mirror of feed-borne bacteria. Indeed, the microbial profile of feeds was different from both faecal and mucosa profiles. Our findings suggest that the dietary inclusion of GMOS (0.5%) and PHYTO (0.02%) in a low FM and FO diet induces changes in gut microbiota composition of European sea bass. However, if on allochthonous microbiota the combined inclusion of GMOS and PHYTO showed an antagonistic effect on bactericidal activity against Vibrionales, at mucosa level, only GMOSPHYTO diet increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidales, Lactobacillales, and Clostridiales resident bacterial orders. The main beneficial effects of GMOS and PHYTO on gut microbiota are the reduction of coliforms and Vibrionales bacteria, which include several potentially pathogenic species for fish, and the enrichment of gut microbiota composition with butyrate producer taxa. Therefore, these functional ingredients have a great potential to be used as health-promoting agents in the farming of European sea bass and other marine fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Rimoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Silvia Torrecillas
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Daniel Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Elisabetta Gini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Alex Makol
- Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, Steyregg, Austria
| | | | - Marisol Izquierdo
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Genciana Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wei G, Cai S, Wu Y, Ma S, Huang Y. Immune effect of Vibrio harveyi formalin-killed cells vaccine combined with chitosan oligosaccharide and astragalus polysaccharides in ♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus×♂Epinephelus lanceolatus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 98:186-192. [PMID: 31926291 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi is the pathogen causing vibriosis in marine-cultured animals, leading to massive deaths in farmed grouper around the world. It is urgent to develop an effective vaccine to prevent vibriosis. In the previous study, we developed a V. harveyi formalin-killed cells vaccine (FKC), and sought an effective adjuvant for enhancing the immune efficacy of vaccine. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the immune responses and protective effect of FKC combined with chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) or Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) in the pearl gentian grouper♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂E. lanceolatus. The results indicated the vaccine triggered a remarkably higher expression levels of IL-1β, IL-16, TNF-α, MHC-Iα and IgM in the kidney and spleen of groupers post-vaccination. Antibody titers, lysozyme, catalase, superoxide dismutase and total protein were significantly elevated in the vaccinated fish compared with those in the control. The experimental groupers were challenged intraperitoneally by V. harveyi at 35 d post-vaccination, and the relative percentage of survival (RPS) of group FKC + COS, FKC + APS, COS, APS and FKC were 80%, 72%, 52%, 47% and 55%, respectively. These results demonstrated COS and APS was the potential adjuvants for FKC against V. harveyi in aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangben Wei
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuanghu Cai
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yuanzhi Wu
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaohong Ma
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yucong Huang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Qiao X, Li P, He J, Yu Z, Chen J, He L, Yu X, Lin H, Lu D, Zhang Y. Type F scavenger receptor expressed by endothelial cells (SREC)-II from Epinephelus coioides is a potential pathogen recognition receptor in the immune response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 98:262-270. [PMID: 31899357 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Scavenger receptors play a central role in defending against infectious diseases in mammals. However, the function of SRECII remains unknown in teleost fish. In this study, type F scavenger receptor expressed by endothelial cells-II (SRECII) cDNA sequence was first identified from Epinephelus coioides, named EcSRECII, which contained an N-terminal signal peptide, eight EGF/EGF-like cysteine-rich motifs and a C-terminal low-complexity region. The gene location maps revealed that EcSRECII has the conservation of synteny among selected species. Subcellular localization showed that EcSRECII was mainly located in the cytoplasm in HEK293T cells and GS cells. In healthy E. coioides, EcSRECII mRNA was highly expressed in spleen, skin, gill, thymus and head kidney. The relative EcSRECII mRNA expression after Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection was significantly up-regulated at 12 h in spleen, head kidney and thymus, but downregulated at 1 d in skin and reduced at 3 d and 1 w in spleen. Furthermore, overexpression of EcSRECII activated NF-κB and IFN-β signaling pathway in vitro. Taken together, these results indicated that EcSRECII could be as the potential pathogen recognition receptor for involving in bacterial infection by regulating innate immunity responses in E. coioides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Pingchao Li
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, PR China
| | - Jianan He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Zeshu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Jiaxing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Liangge He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Xue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Haoran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, PR China; College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Danqi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (ZhanJiang), Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li PH, Liang YL, Su YL, Jiang YF, Chen B, Chen SY, Huang YH, Wei JG, Huang XH, Qin QW, Sun HY. Molecular characterization and function analysis of Epinephelus coioides Hsp22 response to SGIV and Vribro alginolyticus infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 97:125-134. [PMID: 31809835 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 22 (Hsp22) is an important regulatory factor response to various stresses in mammals. In this study, the full length cDNA of Epinephelus coioides Hsp22, which was 1680bp in length, with a 289 bp 5' UTR, a 725 bp 3'UTR, and a 666 bp open reading frame encoding 221 amino acids, was obtained. E. coioides Hsp22 contains a highly conserved α-crystallin domain. E. coioides Hsp22 mRNA was detected in all tissues examined by quantitative real-time PCR, with the highest expression in blood, followed by the spleen, skin, gill, head kidney, muscle, heart, liver, trunk kidney, stomach, pyloric caeca, intestine, brain and thymus. The expression patterns of E. coioides Hsp22 response to infection with Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) and Vribro alginolyticus, the important pathogens of E. coioides, were studied. The expression levels of the gene were up-regulated in the tissues examined. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that E. coioides Hsp22 was distributed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. In addition, E. coioides Hsp22 significantly inhibited the SGIV-induced cell apoptosis. In summary, the E. coioides Hsp22 might play a critical role in pathogenic stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Hong Li
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yu-Lin Liang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yu-Ling Su
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yu-Feng Jiang
- Department of Laboratory, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272111, PR China
| | - Biao Chen
- Department of Laboratory, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272111, PR China
| | - Shu-Yin Chen
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - You-Hua Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jing-Guang Wei
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hong Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Qi-Wei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Hong-Yan Sun
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu X, Shi H, He Q, Lin F, Wang Q, Xiao S, Dai Y, Zhang Y, Yang H, Zhao H. Effect of starvation and refeeding on growth, gut microbiota and non-specific immunity in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E. lanceolatus♂). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 97:182-193. [PMID: 31790749 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental changes can lead to food deprivation among aquatic animals. The main objective of this present research was to assess the effect of starvation and refeeding on growth, gut microbiota and non-specific immunity in a hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E. lanceolatus♂). A total of 120 fish with an average weight of 74.16 ± 12.08 g were randomly divided into two groups (control group and fasted-refed group). The control group was fed until satiation for 60 days, while the fasted-refed group was fasted for 30 days and then fed to satiation for 30 days. The results showed that starvation led to a significantly decreased growth performance parameters [weight gain rate (WGR) and specific weight gain rate (SGR), while the feeding rate (FR) ] increased during the refeeding, non-specific immunity was significantly improved (p < 0.05) during the first 15 days of starvation, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), lysozyme (LYM) and catalase (CAT). However, non-specific immunity decreased at 30 days of starvation, the expression of genes related to immunity, such as TNF-α, was upregulated (p < 0.05) during starvation, while the expression levels of IL-17 and IFN-γ was reduced (p < 0.05). The expression of IFN-γ and IL-1β peaked during refeeding. Starvation led to significantly decreased abundance and diversity of intestinal microflora, with a higher abundance of Vibrio and a lower abundance of Brevibacillus, Bifidobacterium, Alloprevotella in the fasted-refed group during refeeding than in the control group. The above results reveal that starvation stimulates changes in growth, non-specific immunity, and the gut microbiota, providing new insights for the study of fish habitat selection and adaptability to environmental changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Herong Shi
- Guangdong Marine Fishery Experiment Center, Huizhou, 516081, China
| | - Qi He
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fangmei Lin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shiqiang Xiao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuantang Dai
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yanfa Zhang
- Huizhou Haiyan Aquaculture Technology Co., Ltd., Huizhou, 516081, China
| | - Huirong Yang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huihong Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
He R, Zhao L, Xu X, Zheng W, Zhang J, Zhang J, Yan Q, Huang L. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor is required for immune response in Epinephelus coioides and Danio rerio infected by Pseudomonas plecoglossicida. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 97:564-570. [PMID: 31891808 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-dependent transcriptional factor that responds to environmental chemicals, has been recently found to be closely associated with immune response in mammals. Pseudomonas plecoglossicida (P. plecoglossicida) is a temperature-dependent bacterial pathogen of visceral white spot disease in fish. Using dual RNA-seq, we previously evaluated the expression levels of ahr1a, ahr1b, ahr2 and cyp1a in the spleen of Epinephelus coioides at different time points after infection with P. plecoglossicida. In the present study, the expression levels of ahr1a, ahr1b, ahr2 and cyp1a in different organs of E. coioides and Danio rerio showed similar trends after being infected by P. plecoglossicida. It also was noted that liver, intestine, spleen, and heart were the most obviously affected organs, and ahr2 particularly showed a dramatically increase in the spleen. Subsequently, macrophages of E. coioides were isolated, and then infected by P. plecoglossicida, followed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay, which revealed that the expression level of ahr1a in macrophages was significantly down-regulated, while expression levels of ahr1b, ahr2 and cyp1a were noticeably up-regulated. Eventually, it was noted that ahr1b and ahr2 were knocked-down in macrophages, and intracellular survival rate and immune escape rate of P. plecoglossicida were markedly improved. Taken together, ahr1a, ahr1b, ahr2 and cyp1a participate in the immune response to P. plecoglossicida in different organs of fish, while ahr1b and ahr2 may play pivotal roles in the immune response of spleen and macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongchao He
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Lingmin Zhao
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xiaojin Xu
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Weiqiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde, Fujian, 352000, PR China
| | - Jiaonan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Feed for Fujian, Fujian Tianma Technology Company Limited, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350308, China
| | - Jiaolin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Feed for Fujian, Fujian Tianma Technology Company Limited, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350308, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
El-Gohary MS, El Gamal AM, Atia AA, El-Dakroury MF. Treatment Trial of Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) Experimentally Infected with Vibrio alginolyticus Isolated from Sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax). Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:1591-1600. [PMID: 33274891 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.1591.1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In Egypt, Nile tilapia represents the main cultured type due to its economical price, palatability and easy culturing. This study was aimed to elucidate the pathogenicity of V. alginolyticus isolated from diseased sea bass and experimentally infected healthy Nile tilapia fish. MATERIALS AND METHODS Healthy Nile tilapia fish were injected I/P with V. alginolyticus isolated from diseased sea bass. Symptoms and mortality rates of infected Nile tilapia fish were recorded during the experimental period. Re-isolation of V. alginolyticus was done from infected tilapia fish by bacteriological methods. For confirmation the pathogenicity of Vibrio isolated either from marine fish or tilapia fish, PCR test was done using tdh and bla gens. Liver and kidney function tests with histopathological examinations of some organs were performed. Treatment trial was done according to the antibiotic sensitivity test. RESULTS The isolated Vibrio is highly pathogenic to Nile tilapia fish causing deterioration in all parameters which finished by severe mortalities. Treatment with florfenicol, enrofloxacin, or oxytetracycline reduced the mortality rate and improved liver and kidney function parameters of infected Nile tilapia fish. CONCLUSION V. alginolyticus can infect both marine and fresh water fish inducing a high mortality rate. Treatment of infected fish with florfenicol, enrofloxacin, or oxytetracycline reduces the mortality rate.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ting CH, Pan CY, Chen YC, Lin YC, Chen TY, Rajanbabu V, Chen JY. Impact of Tilapia hepcidin 2-3 dietary supplementation on the gut microbiota profile and immunomodulation in the grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus). Sci Rep 2019; 9:19047. [PMID: 31836758 PMCID: PMC6910925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55509-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin regulates iron homeostasis and host-defense mechanisms, while the hepcidin-like protein, Tilapia hepcidin (TH)2-3, functions as an antimicrobial peptide (AMP). Since AMP dietary supplements may be used as alternatives to antibiotics in livestock, we tested the effects of recombinant (r)TH2-3 as a dietary supplement in grouper aquaculture. rTH2-3 was produced by a Pichia pastoris expression system and exhibited thermostability and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency were determined in Epinephelus lanceolatus (grouper) fed with rTH2-3-supplemented diet for 28 days. In addition, grouper showed enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity after rTH2-3 feeding compared to regular-diet-fed fish. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that microbial diversity was enhanced by feeding grouper with 1% rTH2-3. After challenging grouper with Vibrio alginolyticus, differential regulation of immune-related genes in the liver and spleen was observed between the TH2-3 and regular-diet groups, including for genes associated with antimicrobial and pro-inflammatory functions, complement components, and major histocompatibility complex (Mhc). These findings suggest that overall immunity was improved. Thus, our results suggest long-term supplementation with rTH2-3 may be beneficial for aquacultured grouper. The beneficial effects of the supplement are likely based on changes in the commensal microbial community as well as immunomodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hung Ting
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Road, Jiaushi, Ilan, 262, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Pan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Road, Jiaushi, Ilan, 262, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Road, Jiaushi, Ilan, 262, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Yueh Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology & Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Venugopal Rajanbabu
- Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural university, Tiruchchirapalli, 620027, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jyh-Yih Chen
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Road, Jiaushi, Ilan, 262, Taiwan.
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Luo G, Zhao L, Xu X, Qin Y, Huang L, Su Y, Zheng W, Yan Q. Integrated dual RNA-seq and dual iTRAQ of infected tissue reveals the functions of a diguanylate cyclase gene of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida in host-pathogen interactions with Epinephelus coioides. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 95:481-490. [PMID: 31698069 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between host and pathogen is exceedingly complex, which involves alterations at multiple molecular layers. However, research to simultaneously monitor the alterations of transcriptome and proteome between a bacterial pathogen and aquatic animal host through integrated dual RNA-seq and dual iTRAQ of tissue during infection is currently lacking. The important role of a diguanylate cyclase gene (L321_RS15240) in pathogenicity of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida against Epinephelus coioides was suggested by previous dual RNA-seq of our lab. Then L321_RS15240-RNAi strains of P. plecoglossicida were constructed with pCM130/tac, and the mutant with the best silencing effect was selected for follow-up study. The RNAi of L321_RS15240 resulted in a significant decrease in bacterial virulence of P. plecoglossicida. The E. coioides spleens infected by wild type strain or L321_RS15240-RNAi strain of P. plecoglossicida were subjected to dual RNA-seq and dual iTRAQ, respectively. The results showed that: RNAi of L321_RS15240 led to 1)alterations of host transcriptome associated with complement and coagulation cascades, ribosome, arginine and proline metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation; 2)high expression of host proteins which related to phagosome and metabolism responses (metabolism of glutathione, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar); 3)the highly differentially expression of host lncRNAs and miRNAs. The differentially expressed proteins and mRNAs of pathogen were different after infection, but the functions of these proteins and mRNAs were mainly related to metabolism and virulence. This study provides a new insight to comprehensively understand the gene functions of pathogens and hosts at multiple molecular layers during in vivo infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Luo
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China
| | - Lingmin Zhao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Xiaojin Xu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Yingxue Qin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Yongquan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde, Fujian, 352000, PR China
| | - Weiqiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde, Fujian, 352000, PR China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde, Fujian, 352000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang D, Chen X, Zhang X, Li J, Yi Y, Bian C, Shi Q, Lin H, Li S, Zhang Y, You X. Whole Genome Sequencing of the Giant Grouper ( Epinephelus lanceolatus) and High-Throughput Screening of Putative Antimicrobial Peptide Genes. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17090503. [PMID: 31466296 PMCID: PMC6780625 DOI: 10.3390/md17090503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant groupers, the largest grouper type in the world, are of economic importance in marine aquaculture for their rapid growth. At the same time, bacterial and viral diseases have become the main threats to the grouper industry. Here, we report a high-quality genome of a giant grouper sequenced by an Illumina HiSeq X-Ten and PacBio Bioscience Sequel platform. A total of 254 putative antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes were identified, which can be divided into 34 classes according to the annotation of the Antimicrobial Peptides Database (APD3). Their locations in pseudochromosomes were also determined. Thrombin-, lectin-, and scolopendin-derived putative AMPs were the three largest parts. In addition, expressions of putative AMPs were measured by our transcriptome data. Two putative AMP genes (gapdh1 and gapdh2) were involved in glycolysis, which had extremely high expression levels in giant grouper muscle. As it has been reported that AMPs inhibit the growth of a broad spectrum of microbes and participate in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses, genome sequencing of this study provides a comprehensive cataloging of putative AMPs of groupers, supporting antimicrobial research and aquaculture therapy. These genomic resources will be beneficial to further molecular breeding of this economically important fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dengdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Zhanjiang Bay Laboratory, Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiyang Chen
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jia Li
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yunhai Yi
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Chao Bian
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haoran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Zhanjiang Bay Laboratory, Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shuisheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Zhanjiang Bay Laboratory, Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
- Zhanjiang Bay Laboratory, Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Xinxin You
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China.
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Xiao Joe JT, Chiou PP, Kuo CY, Jia Lin JH, Wu JL, Lu MW. The microbiota profile and transcriptome analysis of immune response during metamorphosis stages in orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 90:141-149. [PMID: 31055020 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metamorphosis is a transformation process in larval development associated with changes in morphological and physiological features, including the immune system. The gastrointestinal tract harbors a plethora of bacteria, which might affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients, immunity, and gut-brain crosstalk in the host. In this study, we have performed metagenomic and transcriptomic analyses on the intestines of grouper at the pre-, mid- and post-metamorphosis stages. The sequencing data of 16S rRNA gene showed drastic changes in the microbial communities at different developmental stages. The transcriptomic data revealed that the leukocyte transendothelial migration and the phagosome pathways might play important roles in mediating immunity in grouper at the three developmental stages. This information will increase our understanding of the metamorphosis process in grouper larvae, and shed light on the development of antimicrobial strategy during larval development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Tang Xiao Joe
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, The College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pinwen Peter Chiou
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Kuo
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, The College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Jen-Leih Wu
- Laboratory of Marine Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yang HL, Sun YZ, Hu X, Ye JD, Lu KL, Hu LH, Zhang JJ. Bacillus pumilus SE5 originated PG and LTA tuned the intestinal TLRs/MyD88 signaling and microbiota in grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 88:266-271. [PMID: 30849499 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The normal microbiota plays a key role in the health of host, but little is known of how the fish immune system recognizes and responds to indigenous bacteria/probiotics. Our previous studies have showed that heat-inactivated indigenous Bacillus pumilus SE5 activate the TLR2 signaling pathways and modulate the intestinal microbiota in grouper (Epinephelus coioides), suggesting microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) involved. In this study, whole cell wall (CW) and two possible MAMPs, peptidoglycan (PG) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) have been extracted from B. pumilus SE5 and their effects on intestinal immune related genes expression and microbiota were evaluated in a 60 days feeding trial. Significantly elevated expression of TLR1, TLR2, TLR5 and MyD88 was observed in fish fed the CW, PG and LTA containing diets, and the highest expression was observed in groups PG and LTA. At the same time, significantly upregulated expression of antimicrobial effectors, such as antimicrobial peptides (epinecidin-1, hepcidin-1 and β-defensin), C-type Lectin and IgM was observed in fish fed PG and LTA containing diets. This induced activation of intestinal immunity was consistent with the microbiota data showing that CW, PG and LTA originated from SE5 modulated the overall structure of intestinal microbiota, and the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic Vibrio decreased significantly while beneficial Lactobacillus increased significantly in fish fed PG and LTA. In conclusion, both the PG and LTA originated from B. pumilus SE5 could activate TLRs/MyD88 signaling and expression of wide-ranging antibacterial effectors, and therefore shape the intestinal microbiota in grouper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ling Yang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yun-Zhang Sun
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Xi Hu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ji-Dan Ye
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Kang-Le Lu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ling-Hao Hu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jiao-Jing Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Camus A, Griffin M, Armwood A, Soto E. A Spontaneous Outbreak of Systemic Edwardsiella piscicida Infection in Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides (Lacépède, 1802) in California, USA. J Fish Dis 2019; 42:759-763. [PMID: 30801740 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Al Camus
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, Georgia
| | - Matt Griffin
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi
| | - Abigail Armwood
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, Georgia
| | - Esteban Soto
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sun Y, Zhuang Z, Wang X, Huang H, Fu Q, Yan Q. Dual RNA-seq reveals the effect of the flgM gene of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida on the immune response of Epinephelus coioides. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 87:515-523. [PMID: 30708058 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is an important and highly pathogenic bacterium for aquaculture and causes serious losses. The expression level of flgM was found to be significantly upregulated post-infection compared with in vitro results, which was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. RNAi significantly reduced the expression level of flgM mRNA of P. plecoglossicida. Compared with infection with the wild-type strain, infection with the flgM-RNAi strain resulted in a delay in death and a 75% reduction in the mortality of Epinephelus coioides, followed by alleviation of the symptoms in E. coioides spleen. Moreover, compared with infection with the wild-type strain, infection with the flgM-RNAi strain of P. plecoglossicida resulted in a significant change in the transcriptome of the spleens of infected E. coioides and P. plecoglossicida. KEGG analysis for E. coioides showed that genes of 17 immune pathways were most affected by flgM-RNAi of P. plecoglossicida. Among them, the expression of mhc2, zap70, rhoh, tlr2, ca79a, hcst and cd32 in E. coioides spleen was predicted to be negatively related to flgM in P. plecoglossicida but positively related to genes involved in communication, metabolism and motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Sun
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian 361024, China; Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Zhixia Zhuang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian 361024, China
| | - Xiaoru Wang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian 361024, China
| | - Huabin Huang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian 361024, China
| | - Qi Fu
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, Fujian 361024, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Noor NM, Defoirdt T, Alipiah N, Karim M, Daud H, Natrah I. Quorum sensing is required for full virulence of Vibrio campbellii towards tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) larvae. J Fish Dis 2019; 42:489-495. [PMID: 30742313 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The link between quorum sensing in Vibrio campbellii and its virulence towards tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) was investigated using V. campbellii wild type and quorum-sensing mutants with inactive quorum sensing or constitutively maximal quorum-sensing activity, and signal molecule synthase mutants. The results showed that wild-type V. campbellii is pathogenic to grouper larvae, causing more than 50% mortality after 4 days of challenge. Furthermore, the mortality of larvae challenged with the mutant with maximally active quorum sensing was significantly higher than that of larvae challenged with the wild type, whereas a higher survival was observed in the larvae challenged to the mutant with a completely inactive quorum-sensing system. Grouper larvae challenged with either the signal molecule synthase triple mutant, the harveyi autoinducer-1 (HAI-1) synthase mutant and the autoinducer-2 (AI-2) synthase mutant showed higher survival than larvae challenged with the wild type. In contrast, larvae challenged with the cholerae autoinducer-1 (CAI-1) synthase mutant showed high mortality. This indicates that HAI-1 and AI-2, but not CAI-1, are required for full virulence of V. campbellii towards grouper larvae. Our data suggest that quorum-sensing inhibition could be an effective strategy to control V. campbellii infections in tiger grouper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noorashikin Md Noor
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tom Defoirdt
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Norfarrah Alipiah
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor
| | - Murni Karim
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor
| | - Hassan Daud
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor
| | - Ikhsan Natrah
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Sustainable Aquaculture, International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Caruso G, Pedà C, Cappello S, Leonardi M, La Ferla R, Lo Giudice A, Maricchiolo G, Rizzo C, Maimone G, Rappazzo AC, Genovese L, Romeo T. Effects of microplastics on trophic parameters, abundance and metabolic activities of seawater and fish gut bacteria in mesocosm conditions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:30067-30083. [PMID: 30109692 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is an emerging threat with severe implications on animals' and environmental health. Nevertheless, interactions of plastic particles with both microbial structure and metabolism are a new research challenge that needs to be elucidated yet. To improve knowledge on the effects played by microplastics on free-living and fish gut-associated microbial community in aquatic environments, a 90-day study was performed in three replicated mesocosms (control-CTRL, native polyvinyl chloride-MPV and weathered polyvinyl chloride-MPI), where sea bass specimens were hosted. In CTRL mesocosm, fish was fed with no-plastic-added food, whilst in MPV and MPI food was supplemented with native or exposed to polluted waters polyvinylchloride pellets, respectively. Particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen, total and culturable bacteria, extracellular enzymatic activities, and microbial community substrate utilization profiles were analyzed. POC values were lower in MPI than MPV and CRTL mesocosms. Microplastics did not affect severely bacterial metabolism, although enzymatic activities decreased and microbes utilized a lower number of carbon substrates in MPI than MPV and CTRL. No shifts in the bacterial community composition of fish gut microflora were observed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Caruso
- National Research Council, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (CNR-IAMC), Messina, Italy.
| | - Cristina Pedà
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Milazzo, Italy
| | - Simone Cappello
- National Research Council, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (CNR-IAMC), Messina, Italy
| | - Marcella Leonardi
- National Research Council, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (CNR-IAMC), Messina, Italy
| | - Rosabruna La Ferla
- National Research Council, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (CNR-IAMC), Messina, Italy
| | - Angelina Lo Giudice
- National Research Council, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (CNR-IAMC), Messina, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Maricchiolo
- National Research Council, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (CNR-IAMC), Messina, Italy
| | - Carmen Rizzo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Maimone
- National Research Council, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (CNR-IAMC), Messina, Italy
| | | | - Lucrezia Genovese
- National Research Council, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (CNR-IAMC), Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Romeo
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Milazzo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nguyen HT, Nguyen TTT, Chen YC, Vu-Khac H, Wang PC, Chen SC. Enhanced immune responses and effectiveness of refined outer membrane protein vaccines against Vibrio harveyi in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). J Fish Dis 2018; 41:1349-1358. [PMID: 29882295 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vibriosis is a severe infection occurring in many commercially important marine fish species. In this study, vaccines containing Vibrio harveyi recombinant outer membrane protein K (rOmpK), outer membrane protein U (rOmpU) and rOmpK-OmpU fusion protein in addition to the metabolizable MontanideTM ISA 763 A VG adjuvant were developed and evaluated in the orange-spotted grouper. The results indicate that recombinant V. harveyi protein-based vaccines resulted in a remarkably higher expression of IL-1β and IL-8 at 24 hr, and greater antibody production, as early as 2 weeks postimmunization. Notably, enhanced immune responses and significant protective efficacy against V. harveyi infections were observed in the fusion protein vaccine-injected fishes with relative per cent survival value of 81.8%. Additionally, the rOmpK-OmpU antisera presented a high bactericidal effect on not only V. harveyi, but also Vibrio parahaermolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus. Our results demonstrated that the fusion protein rOmpK-OmpU was an effective vaccine candidate that exhibited potentially great versatility for controlling vibrio infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Trong Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Chun Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hung Vu-Khac
- Veterinary Institute of Research and Development of Central Vietnam, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - Pei-Chi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Science and Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Vidal NP, Manzanos MJ, Goicoechea E, Guillén MD. Influence of different salting processes on the evolution of the volatile metabolites of vacuum-packed fillets of farmed and wild sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) stored under refrigeration conditions: a study by SPME-GC/MS. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:967-976. [PMID: 27225021 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish shelf-life extension is a topic of great interest. In this study the behaviour of salted and unsalted farmed and wild European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fillets during storage was analysed through the evolution of their volatile metabolites. Farmed and wild sea bass fillets were brine-salted for 15 or 75 min, or dry-salted, vacuum-packed and stored at 4 °C for up to 1 month, and their headspaces were studied by Solid Phase Micro extraction-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). RESULTS At the same storage time, unsalted wild fillets contained, in general, a higher number and abundance of volatile compounds coming from microbiological or endogenous enzymatic activity than unsalted farmed ones. The more intense the salting, the lower the number and abundance of microbiological spoilage metabolites, especially in wild samples. The appearance of oxidation metabolites only in dry-salted wild samples evidences that this kind of salting provokes a certain oxidation in these samples. CONCLUSIONS The better performance of farmed than wild fillets suggests that salted farmed fillets, vacuum-packed and stored under refrigeration conditions, could be a successful alternative to diversify the presence of sea bass in the market. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia P Vidal
- Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad No. 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - María J Manzanos
- Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad No. 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Encarnación Goicoechea
- Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad No. 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - María D Guillén
- Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad No. 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lamari F, Mahdhi A, Chakroun I, Esteban MA, Mazurais D, Amina B, Gatesoupe FJ. Interactions between candidate probiotics and the immune and antioxidative responses of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae. J Fish Dis 2016; 39:1421-1432. [PMID: 27133829 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as probiotics in aquaculture may improve the quality of seed production and limit the use of antibiotics in fish hatcheries. This study attempted to further characterize the candidate probiotic Lactobacillus casei X2, and the immune and physiological responses of the sea bass larvae. L. casei X2 was confirmed as a good candidate, due to its wide antibacterial spectrum against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and its free radical scavenging activity. In addition, if the strain did not seem able to form biofilm on abiotic surfaces, it adhered strongly to Hep-2 cells. However, these characteristics did not seem efficient in vivo. At 20 days post-hatch (dph), the expression level of CAT gene was significantly different between group fed without probiotic and the two groups treated with either Pediococcus acidilactici or L. casei. This gene was upregulated in the group treated with strain X2 and downregulated in the group with a commercial probiotic strain P. acidilactici, suggesting a better antioxidant activity with the later strain. At the same sampling date, the IL-1β gene was upregulated in the group treated with P. acidilactici, and the HSP70 gene was overexpressed at 41 dph. As the stimulation of these two last genes, such transcriptomic indicators must be cautiously interpreted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Lamari
- Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, Laboratoire 'Adaptation, Reproduction, Nutrition' (ARN), Centre de Bretagne, Plouzané, France.
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Environment Pollutants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - A Mahdhi
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Environment Pollutants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - I Chakroun
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Environment Pollutants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - M A Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - D Mazurais
- Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, Laboratoire 'Adaptation, Reproduction, Nutrition' (ARN), Centre de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | - B Amina
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Environment Pollutants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - F-J Gatesoupe
- Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR, Laboratoire 'Adaptation, Reproduction, Nutrition' (ARN), Centre de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
- NUMEA, INRA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hennersdorf P, Mrotzek G, Abdul-Aziz MA, Saluz HP. Metagenomic analysis between free-living and cultured Epinephelus fuscoguttatus under different environmental conditions in Indonesian waters. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 110:726-734. [PMID: 27210559 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed and compared feces of free-living and cultivated fish species, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus under different environmental conditions in Indonesian waters. Metagenome analysis was performed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the whole metagenomic DNA isolated from fish feces samples. The analysis covered both prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA. Feces samples from mariculture fish revealed a highly stable distribution of several orders of bacteria when compared to samples from free-living fish, which were highly diverse and dominated by Vibrionales, Pseudomonales, Rhizobiales and non-classifiable Alphaproteobacteria. The eukaryotic content of the samples was dominated by residues of the host and nine additional fish species that formed a portion of the diet. Investigations on functional annotations for predominant bacterial taxa, using Gene Ontology enrichment, revealed a number of functions related to DNA metabolic processes, especially DNA repair, as well as antibiotic response in the free-living fish species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hennersdorf
- Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Beutenbergstr. 11a, D-07745 Jena, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Fürstengraben 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Grit Mrotzek
- Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Beutenbergstr. 11a, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Hans Peter Saluz
- Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Beutenbergstr. 11a, D-07745 Jena, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Fürstengraben 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hamid R, Ahmad A, Usup G. Pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from the Malaysian Sea against coral (Turbinaria sp.) and sea bass (Lates calcarifer). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:17269-17276. [PMID: 27221587 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A study was carried out to determine the pathogenicity (hemolytic activity) on corals (Turbinaria sp.) and sea bass (Lates calcarifer) of Aeromonas hydrophila from water, sediment, and coral. Samples were collected from coastal water and coral reef areas. One hundred and sixty-two isolates were successfully isolated. Out of 162, 95 were from seawater, 49 from sediment, and 18 from coral. Sixteen isolates were picked and identified. Isolates were identified using a conventional biochemical test, the API 20NE kit, and 16S rRNA nucleotide sequences. Hemolytic activity was determined. Out of 16 isolates, 14 isolates were β-hemolytic and two isolates were non-hemolytic. Corals infected with A. hydrophila suffered bleaching. Similar effect was observed for both hemolytic and non-hemolytic isolates. Intramuscular injection of A. hydrophila into sea bass resulted in muscular bleeding and death. Higher infection rates were obtained from hemolytic compared to non-hemolytic strains of A. hydrophila isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahimi Hamid
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Asmat Ahmad
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Gires Usup
- School of Environmental and Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Byadgi O, Chen CW, Wang PC, Tsai MA, Chen SC. De Novo Transcriptome Analysis of Differential Functional Gene Expression in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) after Challenge with Nocardia seriolae. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1315. [PMID: 27529219 PMCID: PMC5000712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) are common hosts of an epizootic bacterial infection by Nocardia seriolae. We conducted transcriptome profiling of M. salmoides to understand the host immune response to N. seriolae infection, using the Illumina sequencing platform. De novo assembly of paired-end reads yielded 47,881 unigenes, the total length, average length, N50, and GC content of which were 49,734,288, 1038, 1983 bp, and 45.94%, respectively. Annotation was performed by comparison against non-redundant protein sequence (NR), non-redundant nucleotide (NT), Swiss-Prot, Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Interpro databases, yielding 28,964 (NR: 60.49%), 36,686 (NT: 76.62%), 24,830 (Swissprot: 51.86%), 8913 (COG: 18.61%), 20,329 (KEGG: 42.46%), 835 (GO: 1.74%), and 22,194 (Interpro: 46.35%) unigenes. Additionally, 8913 unigenes were classified into 25 Clusters of Orthologous Groups (KOGs) categories, and 20,329 unigenes were assigned to 244 specific signalling pathways. RNA-Seq by Expectation Maximization (RSEM) and PossionDis were used to determine significantly differentially expressed genes (False Discovery Rate (FDR) < 0.05) and we found that 1384 were upregulated genes and 1542 were downregulated genes, and further confirmed their regulations using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Altogether, these results provide information on immune mechanisms induced during bacterial infection in largemouth bass, which may facilitate the prevention of nocardiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omkar Byadgi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chyi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-An Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Guardiola FA, Porcino C, Cerezuela R, Cuesta A, Faggio C, Esteban MA. Impact of date palm fruits extracts and probiotic enriched diet on antioxidant status, innate immune response and immune-related gene expression of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 52:298-308. [PMID: 27033470 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.03.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The application of additives in the diet as plants or extracts of plants as natural and innocuous compounds has potential in aquaculture as an alternative to antibiotics and immunoprophylactics. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential effects of dietary supplementation of date palm fruit extracts alone or in combination with Pdp11 probiotic on serum antioxidant status, on the humoral and cellular innate immune status, as well as, on the expression levels of some immune-related genes in head-kidney and gut of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) after 2 and 4 weeks of administration. This study showed for the first time in European sea bass an immunostimulation in several of the parameters evaluated in fish fed with date palm fruits extracts enriched diet or fed with this substance in combination with Pdp 11 probiotic, mainly after 4 weeks of treatment. In the same way, dietary supplementation of mixture diet has positive effects on the expression levels of immune-related genes, chiefly in head-kidney of Dicentrarchus labrax. Therefore, the combination of both could be considered of great interest as potential additives for farmed fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F A Guardiola
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - C Porcino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagnod'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - R Cerezuela
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - C Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagnod'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - M A Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schaeck M, De Swaef E, Van den Broeck W, Van Nevel S, Boon N, De Geyter N, Morent R, Demeestere K, Duchateau L, Coulombet C, Haesebrouck F, Decostere A. Germ-free sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax larval model: a valuable tool in the study of host-microbe interactions. Dis Aquat Organ 2016; 117:177-185. [PMID: 26758651 DOI: 10.3354/dao02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A thorough understanding of host-microbe interactions is crucial for more efficient disease management in the marine larviculture industry. As demonstrated in terrestrial animal research, gnotobiotic systems (involving animals cultured in germ-free conditions or inoculated with known microorganisms) are excellent tools to extend our understanding of the mechanisms involved in host-microbe interactions and allow the evaluation of new treatments for diseases. In this study, we introduce a germ-free European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax larval model, independent of the continuous addition of antimicrobial agents. This model has an experimental set-up that allows addition of live feed to the larvae without compromising the germ-free status. This model will facilitate and render aquaculture research more effective in terms of mitigation fish larval diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Schaeck
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Delamare-Deboutteville J, Bowater R, Condon K, Reynolds A, Fisk A, Aviles F, Barnes AC. Infection and pathology in Queensland grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus, (Bloch), caused by exposure to Streptococcus agalactiae via different routes. J Fish Dis 2015; 38:1021-1035. [PMID: 25117665 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Since 2007, 96 wild Queensland groupers, Epinephelus lanceolatus, (Bloch), have been found dead in NE Australia. In some cases, Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) was isolated. At present, a GBS isolate from a wild grouper case was employed in experimental challenge trials in hatchery-reared Queensland grouper by different routes of exposure. Injection resulted in rapid development of clinical signs including bilateral exophthalmia, hyperaemic skin or fins and abnormal swimming. Death occurred in, and GBS was re-isolated from, 98% fish injected and was detected by PCR in brain, head kidney and spleen from all fish, regardless of challenge dose. Challenge by immersion resulted in lower morbidity with a clear dose response. Whilst infection was established via oral challenge by admixture with feed, no mortality occurred. Histology showed pathology consistent with GBS infection in organs examined from all injected fish, from fish challenged with medium and high doses by immersion, and from high-dose oral challenge. These experimental challenges demonstrated that GBS isolated from wild Queensland grouper reproduced disease in experimentally challenged fish and resulted in pathology that was consistent with that seen in wild Queensland grouper infected with S. agalactiae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Delamare-Deboutteville
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - R Bowater
- Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture Fisheries & Forestry, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - K Condon
- Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture Fisheries & Forestry, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - A Reynolds
- Northern Fisheries Centre (NFC), Department of Agriculture Fisheries & Forestry, Cairns, Qld, Australia
| | - A Fisk
- Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture Fisheries & Forestry, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - F Aviles
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - A C Barnes
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Aisyhah MAS, Amal MNA, Zamri-Saad M, Siti-Zahrah A, Shaqinah NN. Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from cultured fishes in Malaysia manifesting low resistance pattern towards selected antibiotics. J Fish Dis 2015; 38:1093-1098. [PMID: 25704397 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M A S Aisyhah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M N A Amal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Zamri-Saad
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A Siti-Zahrah
- National Fish Health Research Centre, Batu Maung, Penang, Malaysia
| | - N N Shaqinah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Busschaert P, Frans I, Crauwels S, Zhu B, Willems K, Bossier P, Michiels C, Verstrepen K, Lievens B, Rediers H. Comparative genome sequencing to assess the genetic diversity and virulence attributes of 15 Vibrio anguillarum isolates. J Fish Dis 2015; 38:795-807. [PMID: 25073650 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio anguillarum is the causative agent of vibriosis, a deadly haemorrhagic septicaemic disease affecting various marine and fresh/brackish water fish, bivalves and crustaceans. However, the diversity and virulence mechanisms of this pathogen are still insufficiently known. In this study, we aimed to increase our understanding of V. anguillarum diversity and virulence through comparative genome analysis of 15 V. anguillarum strains, obtained from different hosts or non-host niches and geographical regions, among which 10 and 5 strains were found to be virulent and avirulent, respectively, against sea bass larvae. First, the 15 draft genomes were annotated and screened for putative virulence factors, including genes encoding iron uptake systems, transport systems and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases. Second, comparative genome analysis was performed, focusing on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small insertions and deletions (InDels). Five V. anguillarum strains showed a remarkably high nucleotide identity. However, these strains comprise both virulent and avirulent strains towards sea bass larvae, suggesting that differences in virulence may be caused by subtle nucleotide variations. Clearly, the draft genome sequence of these 15 strains represents a starting point for further genetic research of this economically important fish pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Busschaert
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Cluster for Bioengineering Technology (CBeT), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven - Campus De Nayer, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - I Frans
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Cluster for Bioengineering Technology (CBeT), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven - Campus De Nayer, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - S Crauwels
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Cluster for Bioengineering Technology (CBeT), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven - Campus De Nayer, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - B Zhu
- VIB Lab for Systems Biology & Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Lab for Genetics and Genomics, M2S, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Willems
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Cluster for Bioengineering Technology (CBeT), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven - Campus De Nayer, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - P Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Centre, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Michiels
- Centre for Food and Microbial Technology, M2S, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Verstrepen
- VIB Lab for Systems Biology & Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Lab for Genetics and Genomics, M2S, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Lievens
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Cluster for Bioengineering Technology (CBeT), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven - Campus De Nayer, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - H Rediers
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Cluster for Bioengineering Technology (CBeT), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven - Campus De Nayer, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|