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Burchert JP, Frohn J, Rölleke U, Bruns H, Yu B, Gleber SC, Stange R, Busse M, Osterhoff M, Salditt T, Köster S. X-ray phase-contrast tomography of cells manipulated with an optical stretcher. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:923-935. [PMID: 38861370 PMCID: PMC11226146 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577524003618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
X-rays can penetrate deeply into biological cells and thus allow for examination of their internal structures with high spatial resolution. In this study, X-ray phase-contrast imaging and tomography is combined with an X-ray-compatible optical stretcher and microfluidic sample delivery. Using this setup, individual cells can be kept in suspension while they are examined with the X-ray beam at a synchrotron. From the recorded holograms, 2D phase shift images that are proportional to the projected local electron density of the investigated cell can be calculated. From the tomographic reconstruction of multiple such projections the 3D electron density can be obtained. The cells can thus be studied in a hydrated or even living state, thus avoiding artifacts from freezing, drying or embedding, and can in principle also be subjected to different sample environments or mechanical strains. This combination of techniques is applied to living as well as fixed and stained NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts and the effect of the beam energy on the phase shifts is investigated. Furthermore, a 3D algebraic reconstruction scheme and a dedicated mathematical description is used to follow the motion of the trapped cells in the optical stretcher for multiple rotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Philipp Burchert
- Institute for X-ray PhysicsUniversity of GöttingenFriedrich-Hund-Platz 137077GöttingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells (MBExC)University of GöttingenGermany
| | - Jasper Frohn
- Institute for X-ray PhysicsUniversity of GöttingenFriedrich-Hund-Platz 137077GöttingenGermany
| | - Ulrike Rölleke
- Institute for X-ray PhysicsUniversity of GöttingenFriedrich-Hund-Platz 137077GöttingenGermany
| | - Hendrik Bruns
- Institute for X-ray PhysicsUniversity of GöttingenFriedrich-Hund-Platz 137077GöttingenGermany
| | - Boram Yu
- Institute for X-ray PhysicsUniversity of GöttingenFriedrich-Hund-Platz 137077GöttingenGermany
| | - Sophie-Charlotte Gleber
- Institute for X-ray PhysicsUniversity of GöttingenFriedrich-Hund-Platz 137077GöttingenGermany
| | | | - Madleen Busse
- Biomedical Physics, School of ScienceTechnical University MunichBoltzmannstraße 1185748GarchingGermany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical EngineeringTechnical University MunichBoltzmannstraße 1185748GarchingGermany
| | - Markus Osterhoff
- Institute for X-ray PhysicsUniversity of GöttingenFriedrich-Hund-Platz 137077GöttingenGermany
| | - Tim Salditt
- Institute for X-ray PhysicsUniversity of GöttingenFriedrich-Hund-Platz 137077GöttingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells (MBExC)University of GöttingenGermany
| | - Sarah Köster
- Institute for X-ray PhysicsUniversity of GöttingenFriedrich-Hund-Platz 137077GöttingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells (MBExC)University of GöttingenGermany
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2
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Hauck N, Beck T, Cojoc G, Schlüßler R, Ahmed S, Raguzin I, Mayer M, Schubert J, Müller P, Guck J, Thiele J. PNIPAAm microgels with defined network architecture as temperature sensors in optical stretchers. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 3:6179-6190. [PMID: 35979502 PMCID: PMC9342673 DOI: 10.1039/d2ma00296e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stretching individual living cells with light is a standard method to assess their mechanical properties. Yet, heat introduced by the laser light of optical stretchers may unwittingly change the mechanical properties of cells therein. To estimate the temperature induced by an optical trap, we introduce cell-sized, elastic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) microgels that relate temperature changes to hydrogel swelling. For their usage as a standardized calibration tool, we analyze the effect of free-radical chain-growth gelation (FCG) and polymer-analogous photogelation (PAG) on hydrogel network heterogeneity, micromechanics, and temperature response by Brillouin microscopy and optical diffraction tomography. Using a combination of tailor-made PNIPAAm macromers, PAG, and microfluidic processing, we obtain microgels with homogeneous network architecture. With that, we expand the capability of standardized microgels in calibrating and validating cell mechanics analysis, not only considering cell and microgel elasticity but also providing stimuli-responsiveness to consider dynamic changes that cells may undergo during characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Hauck
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics D-01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Timon Beck
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden D-01307 Dresden Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light Staudtstraße 2 D-91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Gheorghe Cojoc
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden D-01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Raimund Schlüßler
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden D-01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden D-01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Ivan Raguzin
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics D-01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Martin Mayer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics D-01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Jonas Schubert
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics D-01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Paul Müller
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light Staudtstraße 2 D-91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden D-01307 Dresden Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light Staudtstraße 2 D-91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Julian Thiele
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics D-01069 Dresden Germany
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3
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Dremin V, Novikova I, Rafailov E. Simulation of thermal field distribution in biological tissue and cell culture media irradiated with infrared wavelengths. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:23078-23089. [PMID: 36224995 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the singlet form of oxygen as a regulator of the physiological functions of cells. One of the ways to generate singlet oxygen is direct optical excitation of the triplet oxygen form. Since molecular oxygen weakly absorbs light, high power is required to obtain sufficient concentrations of singlet oxygen. However, the increase in the radiation power of laser can induce a local temperature increase around the laser spot. This may be critical considering the temperature governs every biological reaction within living cells, in particular. Here, the interaction of laser radiation of infrared wavelengths, generating singlet oxygen, with biological tissues and cell culture media was simulated. Using the COMSOL Multiphysics software, the thermal field distribution in the volume of skin, brain tissue and cell culture media was obtained depending on the wavelength, power and exposure time. The results demonstrate the importance of taking temperature into account when conducting experimental studies at the cellular and organismal levels.
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4
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Zhou T, Ohulchanskyy TY, Qu J. Effect of NIR light on the permeability of the blood-brain barriers in in vitro models. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:7544-7555. [PMID: 35003851 PMCID: PMC8713678 DOI: 10.1364/boe.438445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic barrier between the blood microcirculation system and the brain parenchyma, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurological diseases. Meanwhile, a non-invasive therapeutic approach of photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged as a promising treatment for neurological disorders through irradiation with near infrared (NIR) light. However, despite multiple encouraging results reported for PBM in vitro and in vivo, the mechanisms of its therapeutic effect on brain, especially on the BBB, remain barely known. Herein, the effect of NIR light irradiation on the in vitro BBB models was studied. 808 nm laser irradiation at the doses of 10 and 30 J/cm2 was found to significantly increase the permeability of this BBB model. The results showed that NIR light affected mitochondria of cells in the in vitro BBB models, leading to an increase in the mitochondrial activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and Ca2+ influx. The activity of matrix metalloproteinases and the expression of the tight junction proteins in the endothelial cells were found to be inhibited by the NIR light, resulting in an increase in the BBB permeability. This study suggested a new strategy for drug transport across the BBB in development of treatments for brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Tymish Y Ohulchanskyy
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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5
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Shakoor A, Wang B, Fan L, Kong L, Gao W, Sun J, Man K, Li G, Sun D. Automated Optical Tweezers Manipulation to Transfer Mitochondria from Fetal to Adult MSCs to Improve Antiaging Gene Expressions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103086. [PMID: 34411428 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered to be an important factor that leads to aging and premature aging diseases. Transferring mitochondria to cells is an emerging and promising technique for the therapy of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA)-related diseases. This paper presents a unique method of controlling the quality and quantity of mitochondria transferred to single cells using an automated optical tweezer-based micromanipulation system. The proposed method can automatically, accurately, and efficiently collect and transport healthy mitochondria to cells, and the recipient cells then take up the mitochondria through endocytosis. The results of the study reveal the possibility of using mitochondria from fetal mesenchymal stem cells (fMSCs) as a potential source to reverse the aging-related phenotype and improve metabolic activities in adult mesenchymal stem cells (aMSCs). The results of the quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis show that the transfer of isolated mitochondria from fMSCs to a single aMSC can significantly increase the antiaging and metabolic gene expression in the aMSC. The proposed mitochondrial transfer method can greatly promote precision medicine for cell therapy of mtDNA-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Shakoor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 99907, China
| | - Bin Wang
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL) Advanced Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regeneration Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of, Hong Kong, 99907, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 99907, China
| | - Lingchi Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regeneration Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of, Hong Kong, 99907, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Wendi Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 99907, China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 99907, China
| | - Kwan Man
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 99907, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Gang Li
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GDL) Advanced Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510530, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regeneration Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of, Hong Kong, 99907, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 99907, China
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6
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Mierke CT. The Role of the Optical Stretcher Is Crucial in the Investigation of Cell Mechanics Regulating Cell Adhesion and Motility. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:184. [PMID: 31552247 PMCID: PMC6736998 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of cells, tissues, and the surrounding extracellular matrix environment play important roles in the process of cell adhesion and migration. In physiological and pathological processes of the cells, such as wound healing and cancer, the capacity to migrate through the extracellular matrix is crucial. Hence biophysical techniques were used to determine the mechanical properties of cells that facilitate the various migratory capacities. Since the field of mechanobiology is rapidly growing, the reliable and reproducible characterization of cell mechanics is required that facilitates the adhesion and migration of cells. One of these cell mechanical techniques is the optical stretching device, which was originally developed to investigate the mechanical properties of cells, such as the deformation of single cells in suspension. After discussing the strengths and weaknesses of the technology, the latest findings in optical stretching-based cell mechanics are presented in this review. Finally, the mechanical properties of cells are correlated with their migratory potential and it is pointed out how the inhibition of biomolecules that contribute to the to the maintenance of cytoskeletal structures in cells affect their mechanical deformability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Biological Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Blázquez-Castro A. Optical Tweezers: Phototoxicity and Thermal Stress in Cells and Biomolecules. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E507. [PMID: 31370251 PMCID: PMC6722566 DOI: 10.3390/mi10080507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For several decades optical tweezers have proven to be an invaluable tool in the study and analysis of myriad biological responses and applications. However, as with every tool, they can have undesirable or damaging effects upon the very sample they are helping to study. In this review the main negative effects of optical tweezers upon biostructures and living systems will be presented. There are three main areas on which the review will focus: linear optical excitation within the tweezers, non-linear photonic effects, and thermal load upon the sampled volume. Additional information is provided on negative mechanical effects of optical traps on biological structures. Strategies to avoid or, at least, minimize these negative effects will be introduced. Finally, all these effects, undesirable for the most, can have positive applications under the right conditions. Some hints in this direction will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Blázquez-Castro
- Department of Physics of Materials, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Zhou X, Xia X, Smith BE, Lim MB, Bard AB, Pant A, Pauzauskie PJ. Interface-Dependent Radiative Lifetimes of Yb 3+, Er 3+ Co-doped Single NaYF 4 Upconversion Nanowires. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:22817-22823. [PMID: 31149802 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of upconversion nanomaterials for many photonic applications requires a detailed understanding of their radiative lifetimes that in turn depend critically on local environmental conditions. In this work, hexagonal (β-phase) sodium-yttrium-fluoride (NaYF4) nanowires (NWs) were synthesized and substitutionally co-doped with a luminescent solid solution of trivalent erbium and ytterbium ions. A single-beam laser trapping instrument was used in tandem with a piezo-controlled, variable-temperature stage to precisely vary the nanowire's distance from the substrate. The spontaneous photoluminescence lifetime of the 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 transition from Er3+ ions was observed to change by >60% depending on the ions' separation distance from a planar (water/glass) dielectric interface. The 4S3/2 state lifetime is observed to increase by a factor of 1.62 ± 0.01 as the distance from the quartz coverslip increases from ∼0 nm to ∼40 μm. Less significant changes in the luminescence lifetime (≤10%) were observed over a temperature range between 25 and 50 °C. The distance dependence of the lifetime is interpreted quantitatively in the context of classical electromagnetic coupling between Er3+ ions within the nanowire and the adjacent dielectric interface. We also demonstrate potential applications of the NaYF4 NWs for both controlling and probing temperatures at nanometer scales by integrating them within a poly(dimethylsiloxane) composite matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter J Pauzauskie
- Fundamental & Computational Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
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9
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van Dijk IA, Veerman ECI, Reits EAJ, Bolscher JGM, Stap J. Salivary peptide histatin 1 mediated cell adhesion: a possible role in mesenchymal-epithelial transition and in pathologies. Biol Chem 2019; 399:1409-1419. [PMID: 30138105 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Histatins are histidine-rich peptides present in the saliva of humans and higher primates and have been implicated in the protection of the oral cavity. Histatin 1 is one of the most abundant histatins and recent reports show that it has a stimulating effect on cellular adherence, thereby suggesting a role in maintaining the quality of the epithelial barrier and stimulating mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. Here we summarize these findings and discuss them in the context of previous reports. The recent findings also provide new insights in the physiological functions of histatin 1, which are discussed here. Furthermore, we put forward a possible role of histatin 1 in various pathologies and its potential function in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene A van Dijk
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Enno C I Veerman
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, NL-1081 AL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A J Reits
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, NL-1081 AL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan G M Bolscher
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, NL-1081 AL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Stap
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Liu S, Mulligan JA, Adie SG. Volumetric optical coherence microscopy with a high space-bandwidth- time product enabled by hybrid adaptive optics. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:3137-3152. [PMID: 29984088 PMCID: PMC6033577 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.003137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) is a promising modality for high resolution imaging, but has limited ability to capture large-scale volumetric information about dynamic biological processes with cellular resolution. To enhance the throughput of OCM, we implemented a hybrid adaptive optics (hyAO) approach that combines computational adaptive optics with an intentionally aberrated imaging beam generated via hardware adaptive optics. Using hyAO, we demonstrate the depth-equalized illumination and collection ability of an astigmatic beam compared to a Gaussian beam for cellular-resolution imaging. With this advantage, we achieved volumetric OCM with a higher space-bandwidth-time product compared to Gaussian-beam acquisition that employed focus-scanning across depth. HyAO was also used to perform volumetric time-lapse OCM imaging of cellular dynamics over a 1mm × 1mm × 1mm field-of-view with 2 μm isotropic spatial resolution and 3-minute temporal resolution. As hyAO is compatible with both spectral-domain and swept-source beam-scanning OCM systems, significant further improvements in absolute volumetric throughput are possible by use of ultrahigh-speed swept sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Liu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Mulligan
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Steven G. Adie
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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11
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Morisaku T, Yui H. Laser-induced surface deformation microscope for the study of the dynamic viscoelasticity of plasma membrane in a living cell. Analyst 2018; 143:2397-2404. [PMID: 29700531 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01620d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A laser-induced surface deformation (LISD) microscope is developed and applied to measurement of the dynamic relaxation responses of the plasma membrane in a living cell. A laser beam is tightly focused on an optional area of cell surface and the focused light induces microscopic deformation on the surface via radiation pressure. The LISD microscope not only allows non-contact and destruction-free measurement but provides power spectra of the surface responses depending on the frequency of the intensity of the laser beam. An optical system for the LISD is equipped via a microscope, allowing us to measure the relaxation responses in sub-cellular-sized regions of the plasma membrane. In addition, the forced oscillation caused by the radiation pressure for surface deformation extends the upper limit of the frequency range in the obtained power spectra to 106 Hz, which enables us to measure relaxation responses in local regions within the plasma membrane. From differences in power-law exponents at higher frequencies, it is realized that a cancerous cell obeys a weaker single power-law than a normal fibroblast cell. Furthermore, the power spectrum of a keratinocyte cell obeys a power-law with two exponents, indicating that alternative mechanical models to a conventional soft glassy rheology model (where single power-laws explain cells' responses below about 103 Hz) are needed for the understanding over a wider frequency range. The LISD microscope would contribute to investigation of microscopic cell rheology, which is important for clarifying the mechanisms of cell migration and tissue construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Morisaku
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
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12
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Mao Z, Liu Z, Yang J, Han X, Zhao B, Zhao C. In situ semi-quantitative assessment of single-cell viability by resonance Raman spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7135-7138. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01336e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a novel method for quantifying single-cell viability with high selectivity by resonance Raman scattering. This powerful tool will allow researchers to study cellular metabolism at the level of a single cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Life Science
| | - Zhuo Liu
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Anatomy
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Chun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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13
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Kolb T, Kraxner J, Skodzek K, Haug M, Crawford D, Maaß KK, Aifantis KE, Whyte G. Optomechanical measurement of the role of lamins in whole cell deformability. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:1657-1664. [PMID: 28485113 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that the nuclear envelope, and particularly the lamina, plays a critical role in the mechanical and regulation properties of the cell and changes to the lamina can have implications for the physical properties of the whole cell. In this study we demonstrate that the optical stretcher can measure changes in the time-dependent mechanical properties of living cells with different levels of A-type lamin expression. Results from the optical stretcher shows a decrease in the deformability of cells as the levels of lamin A increases, for cells which grow both adherently and in suspension. Further detail can be probed by combining the optical stretcher with fluorescence microscopy to investigate the nuclear mechanical properties which show a larger decrease in deformability than for the whole cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Kolb
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Kraxner
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai Skodzek
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Michael Haug
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dean Crawford
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Kendra K Maaß
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katerina E Aifantis
- Lab of Mechanics and Materials, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Civil Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, University of Arizona, Tuscon, Arizona, 85721
| | - Graeme Whyte
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 91, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
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14
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Català F, Marsà F, Montes-Usategui M, Farré A, Martín-Badosa E. Influence of experimental parameters on the laser heating of an optical trap. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16052. [PMID: 29167481 PMCID: PMC5700206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In optical tweezers, heating of the sample due to absorption of the laser light is a major concern as temperature plays an important role at microscopic scale. A popular rule of thumb is to consider that, at the typical wavelength of 1064 nm, the focused laser induces a heating rate of B = 1 °C/100 mW. We analysed this effect under different routine experimental conditions and found a remarkable variability in the temperature increase. Importantly, we determined that temperature can easily rise by as much as 4 °C at a relatively low power of 100 mW, for dielectric, non-absorbing particles with certain sets of specific, but common, parameters. Heating was determined from measurements of light momentum changes under drag forces at different powers, which proved to provide precise and robust results in watery buffers. We contrasted the experiments with computer simulations and obtained good agreement. These results suggest that this remarkable heating could be responsible for changes in the sample under study and could lead to serious damage of live specimens. It is therefore advisable to determine the temperature increase in each specific experiment and avoid the use of a universal rule that could inadvertently lead to critical changes in the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Català
- Optical Trapping Lab - Grup de Biofotònica, Departament de Física Aplicada, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Ferran Marsà
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Impetux Optics S. L., Trias i Giró 15 1-5, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Mario Montes-Usategui
- Optical Trapping Lab - Grup de Biofotònica, Departament de Física Aplicada, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Impetux Optics S. L., Trias i Giró 15 1-5, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Arnau Farré
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Impetux Optics S. L., Trias i Giró 15 1-5, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Estela Martín-Badosa
- Optical Trapping Lab - Grup de Biofotònica, Departament de Física Aplicada, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
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15
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Morawetz EW, Stange R, Kießling TR, Schnauß J, Käs JA. Optical stretching in continuous flows. CONVERGENT SCIENCE PHYSICAL ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1739/aa6eb1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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16
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Ekpenyong AE, Toepfner N, Fiddler C, Herbig M, Li W, Cojoc G, Summers C, Guck J, Chilvers ER. Mechanical deformation induces depolarization of neutrophils. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602536. [PMID: 28630905 PMCID: PMC5470826 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The transition of neutrophils from a resting state to a primed state is an essential requirement for their function as competent immune cells. This transition can be caused not only by chemical signals but also by mechanical perturbation. After cessation of either, these cells gradually revert to a quiescent state over 40 to 120 min. We use two biophysical tools, an optical stretcher and a novel microcirculation mimetic, to effect physiologically relevant mechanical deformations of single nonadherent human neutrophils. We establish quantitative morphological analysis and mechanical phenotyping as label-free markers of neutrophil priming. We show that continued mechanical deformation of primed cells can cause active depolarization, which occurs two orders of magnitude faster than by spontaneous depriming. This work provides a cellular-level mechanism that potentially explains recent clinical studies demonstrating the potential importance, and physiological role, of neutrophil depriming in vivo and the pathophysiological implications when this deactivation is impaired, especially in disorders such as acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E. Ekpenyong
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Biotechnology Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Physics, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Nicole Toepfner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder-und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke’s and Papworth Hospitals, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christine Fiddler
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke’s and Papworth Hospitals, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Maik Herbig
- Biotechnology Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wenhong Li
- Biotechnology Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gheorghe Cojoc
- Biotechnology Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Charlotte Summers
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke’s and Papworth Hospitals, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jochen Guck
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Biotechnology Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Corresponding author.
| | - Edwin R. Chilvers
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke’s and Papworth Hospitals, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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17
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Contact-free Mechanical Manipulation of Biological Materials. SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-54357-3_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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18
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Yang T, Bragheri F, Minzioni P. A Comprehensive Review of Optical Stretcher for Cell Mechanical Characterization at Single-Cell Level. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:E90. [PMID: 30404265 PMCID: PMC6189960 DOI: 10.3390/mi7050090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive review of the development of the optical stretcher, a powerful optofluidic device for single cell mechanical study by using optical force induced cell stretching. The different techniques and the different materials for the fabrication of the optical stretcher are first summarized. A short description of the optical-stretching mechanism is then given, highlighting the optical force calculation and the cell optical deformability characterization. Subsequently, the implementations of the optical stretcher in various cell-mechanics studies are shown on different types of cells. Afterwards, two new advancements on optical stretcher applications are also introduced: the active cell sorting based on cell mechanical characterization and the temperature effect on cell stretching measurement from laser-induced heating. Two examples of new functionalities developed with the optical stretcher are also included. Finally, the current major limitation and the future development possibilities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Yang
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bragheri
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, CNR & Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Paolo Minzioni
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, Pavia 27100, Italy.
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19
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Wu SH, Sankhagowit S, Biswas R, Wu S, Povinelli ML, Malmstadt N. Viscoelastic deformation of lipid bilayer vesicles. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:7385-91. [PMID: 26268612 PMCID: PMC4573909 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01565k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipid bilayers form the boundaries of the cell and its organelles. Many physiological processes, such as cell movement and division, involve bending and folding of the bilayer at high curvatures. Currently, bending of the bilayer is treated as an elastic deformation, such that its stress-strain response is independent of the rate at which bending strain is applied. We present here the first direct measurement of viscoelastic response in a lipid bilayer vesicle. We used a dual-beam optical trap (DBOT) to stretch 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Upon application of a step optical force, the vesicle membrane deforms in two regimes: a fast, instantaneous area increase, followed by a much slower stretching to an eventual plateau deformation. From measurements of dozens of GUVs, the average time constant of the slower stretching response was 0.225 ± 0.033 s (standard deviation, SD). Increasing the fluid viscosity did not affect the observed time constant. We performed a set of experiments to rule out heating by laser absorption as a cause of the transient behavior. Thus, we demonstrate here that the bending deformation of lipid bilayer membranes should be treated as viscoelastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Wu
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3737 Watt Way, PHE 614, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0271, USA
| | - Shalene Sankhagowit
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, 925 Bloom Walk, HED 216, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1211, USA. Fax: +1 213 740 1056; Tel: +1 213 821 2034
| | - Roshni Biswas
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3737 Watt Way, PHE 614, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0271, USA
| | - Shuyang Wu
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, 925 Bloom Walk, HED 216, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1211, USA. Fax: +1 213 740 1056; Tel: +1 213 821 2034
| | - Michelle L. Povinelli
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3737 Watt Way, PHE 614, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0271, USA
| | - Noah Malmstadt
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, 925 Bloom Walk, HED 216, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1211, USA. Fax: +1 213 740 1056; Tel: +1 213 821 2034
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20
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van Dijk IA, Nazmi K, Bolscher JGM, Veerman ECI, Stap J. Histatin-1, a histidine-rich peptide in human saliva, promotes cell-substrate and cell-cell adhesion. FASEB J 2015; 29:3124-32. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-266825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Yang T, Nava G, Minzioni P, Veglione M, Bragheri F, Lelii FD, Vazquez RM, Osellame R, Cristiani I. Investigation of temperature effect on cell mechanics by optofluidic microchips. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:2991-2996. [PMID: 26309762 PMCID: PMC4541526 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.002991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Here we present the results of a study concerning the effect of temperature on cell mechanical properties. Two different optofluidic microchips with external temperature control are used to investigate the temperature-induced changes of highly metastatic human melanoma cells (A375MC2) in the range of ~0 - 35 °C. By means of an integrated optical stretcher, we observe that cells' optical deformability is strongly enhanced by increasing cell and buffer-fluid temperature. This finding is supported by the results obtained from a second device, which probes the cells' ability to be squeezed through a constriction. Measured data demonstrate a marked dependence of cell mechanical properties on temperature, thus highlighting the importance of including a proper temperature-control system in the experimental apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Yang
- Dip. Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nava
- Dip. Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Dip. Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Milano,Via F.lli Cervi 91, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Paolo Minzioni
- Dip. Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Veglione
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare (IGM) – CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Bragheri
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)-CNR,Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Demetra Lelii
- Dip. Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rebeca Martinez Vazquez
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)-CNR,Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)-CNR,Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cristiani
- Dip. Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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22
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Yang T, Paiè P, Nava G, Bragheri F, Martinez Vazquez R, Minzioni P, Veglione M, Di Tano M, Mondello C, Osellame R, Cristiani I. An integrated optofluidic device for single-cell sorting driven by mechanical properties. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:1262-1266. [PMID: 25622755 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01496k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel optofluidic device for real-time sorting on the basis of cell mechanical properties, measured by optical stretching. The whole mechanism, based on optical forces, does not hamper the viability of the tested cells, which can be used for further analysis. The device effectiveness is demonstrated by extracting a sample population enriched with highly metastatic cells from a heterogeneous cell mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yang
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell'Informazione, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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23
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Gladilin E, Gonzalez P, Eils R. Dissecting the contribution of actin and vimentin intermediate filaments to mechanical phenotype of suspended cells using high-throughput deformability measurements and computational modeling. J Biomech 2014; 47:2598-605. [PMID: 24952458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical cell properties play an important role in many basic biological functions, including motility, adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. There is a growing body of evidence that the mechanical cell phenotype can be used for detection and, possibly, treatment of various diseases, including cancer. Understanding of pathological mechanisms requires investigation of the relationship between constitutive properties and major structural components of cells, i.e., the nucleus and cytoskeleton. While the contribution of actin und microtubules to cellular rheology has been extensively studied in the past, the role of intermediate filaments has been scarcely investigated up to now. Here, for the first time we compare the effects of drug-induced disruption of actin and vimentin intermediate filaments on mechanical properties of suspended NK cells using high-throughput deformability measurements and computational modeling. Although, molecular mechanisms of actin and vimentin disruption by the applied cytoskeletal drugs, Cytochalasin-D and Withaferin-A, are different, cell softening in both cases can be attributed to reduction of the effective density and stiffness of filament networks. Our experimental data suggest that actin and vimentin deficient cells exhibit, in average, 41% and 20% higher deformability in comparison to untreated control. 3D Finite Element simulation is performed to quantify the contribution of cortical actin and perinuclear vimentin to mechanical phenotype of the whole cell. Our simulation provides quantitative estimates for decreased filament stiffness in drug-treated cells and predicts more than two-fold increase of the strain magnitude in the perinuclear vimentin layer of actin deficient cells relatively to untreated control. Thus, the mechanical function of vimentin becomes particularly essential in motile and proliferating cells that have to dynamically remodel the cortical actin network. These insights add functional cues to frequently observed overexpression of vimentin in diverse types of cancer and underline the role of vimentin targeting drugs, such as Withaferin-A, as a potent cancerostatic supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Gladilin
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Paula Gonzalez
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; University Heidelberg, BioQuant and IPMB, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Maloney JM, Lehnhardt E, Long AF, Van Vliet KJ. Mechanical fluidity of fully suspended biological cells. Biophys J 2014; 105:1767-77. [PMID: 24138852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical characteristics of single biological cells are used to identify and possibly leverage interesting differences among cells or cell populations. Fluidity-hysteresivity normalized to the extremes of an elastic solid or a viscous liquid-can be extracted from, and compared among, multiple rheological measurements of cells: creep compliance versus time, complex modulus versus frequency, and phase lag versus frequency. With multiple strategies available for acquisition of this nondimensional property, fluidity may serve as a useful and robust parameter for distinguishing cell populations, and for understanding the physical origins of deformability in soft matter. Here, for three disparate eukaryotic cell types deformed in the suspended state via optical stretching, we examine the dependence of fluidity on chemical and environmental influences at a timescale of ∼1 s. We find that fluidity estimates are consistent in the time and frequency domains under a structural damping (power-law or fractional-derivative) model, but not under an equivalent-complexity, lumped-component (spring-dashpot) model; the latter predicts spurious time constants. Although fluidity is suppressed by chemical cross-linking, we find that ATP depletion in the cell does not measurably alter the parameter, and we thus conclude that active ATP-driven events are not a crucial enabler of fluidity during linear viscoelastic deformation of a suspended cell. Finally, by using the capacity of optical stretching to produce near-instantaneous increases in cell temperature, we establish that fluidity increases with temperature-now measured in a fully suspended, sortable cell without the complicating factor of cell-substratum adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Maloney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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25
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Chan CJ, Whyte G, Boyde L, Salbreux G, Guck J. Impact of heating on passive and active biomechanics of suspended cells. Interface Focus 2014; 4:20130069. [PMID: 24748957 PMCID: PMC3982451 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2013.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A cell is a complex material whose mechanical properties are essential for its normal functions. Heating can have a dramatic effect on these mechanical properties, similar to its impact on the dynamics of artificial polymer networks. We investigated such mechanical changes by the use of a microfluidic optical stretcher, which allowed us to probe cell mechanics when the cells were subjected to different heating conditions at different time scales. We find that HL60/S4 myeloid precursor cells become mechanically more compliant and fluid-like when subjected to either a sudden laser-induced temperature increase or prolonged exposure to higher ambient temperature. Above a critical temperature of 52 ± 1°C, we observed active cell contraction, which was strongly correlated with calcium influx through temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) ion channels, followed by a subsequent expansion in cell volume. The change from passive to active cellular response can be effectively described by a mechanical model incorporating both active stress and viscoelastic components. Our work highlights the role of TRPV2 in regulating the thermomechanical response of cells. It also offers insights into how cortical tension and osmotic pressure govern cell mechanics and regulate cell-shape changes in response to heat and mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Chan
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - G. Whyte
- Department of Physics and Institute of Medical Biotechnology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - L. Boyde
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G. Salbreux
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - J. Guck
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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26
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Haro-González P, Ramsay WT, Martinez Maestro L, del Rosal B, Santacruz-Gomez K, Iglesias-de la Cruz MDC, Sanz-Rodríguez F, Chooi JY, Rodriguez Sevilla P, Bettinelli M, Choudhury D, Kar AK, Solé JG, Jaque D, Paterson L. Quantum dot-based thermal spectroscopy and imaging of optically trapped microspheres and single cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:2162-70. [PMID: 23401166 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced thermal effects in optically trapped microspheres and single cells are investigated by quantum dot luminescence thermometry. Thermal spectroscopy has revealed a non-localized temperature distribution around the trap that extends over tens of micrometers, in agreement with previous theoretical models besides identifying water absorption as the most important heating source. The experimental results of thermal loading at a variety of wavelengths reveal that an optimum trapping wavelength exists for biological applications close to 820 nm. This is corroborated by a simultaneous analysis of the spectral dependence of cellular heating and damage in human lymphocytes during optical trapping. This quantum dot luminescence thermometry demonstrates that optical trapping with 820 nm laser radiation produces minimum intracellular heating, well below the cytotoxic level (43 °C), thus, avoiding cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Haro-González
- Laboratorio di Chimica dello Stato Solido, DB, Università di Verona and INSTM, UdR Verona, Ca' Vignal, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134 Verona, Italy
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27
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Pilát Z, Ježek J, Šerý M, Trtílek M, Nedbal L, Zemánek P. Optical trapping of microalgae at 735-1064 nm: photodamage assessment. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 121:27-31. [PMID: 23501726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Living microalgal cells differ from other cells that are used as objects for optical micromanipulation, in that they have strong light absorption in the visible range, and by the fact that their reaction centers are susceptible to photodamage. We trapped cells of the microalga Trachydiscus minutus using optical tweezers with laser wavelengths in the range from 735 nm to 1064 nm. The exposure to high photon flux density caused photodamage that was strongly wavelength dependent. The photochemical activity before and after exposure was assessed using a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) technique. The photochemical activity was significantly and irreversibly suppressed by a 30s exposure to incident radiation at 735, 785, and 835 nm at a power of 25 mW. Irradiance at 885, 935 and 1064 nm had negligible effect at the same power. At a wavelength 1064 nm, a trapping power up to 218 mW caused no observable photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Pilát
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the ASCR, v.v.i., Královopolská 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic.
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28
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Liberale C, Cojoc G, Bragheri F, Minzioni P, Perozziello G, La Rocca R, Ferrara L, Rajamanickam V, Di Fabrizio E, Cristiani I. Integrated microfluidic device for single-cell trapping and spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1258. [PMID: 23409249 PMCID: PMC3570777 DOI: 10.1038/srep01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Optofluidic microsystems are key components towards lab-on-a-chip devices for manipulation and analysis of biological specimens. In particular, the integration of optical tweezers (OT) in these devices allows stable sample trapping, while making available mechanical, chemical and spectroscopic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Liberale
- Nanostructures, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy. [corrected]
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29
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Solmaz ME, Biswas R, Sankhagowit S, Thompson JR, Mejia CA, Malmstadt N, Povinelli ML. Optical stretching of giant unilamellar vesicles with an integrated dual-beam optical trap. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:2419-27. [PMID: 23082284 PMCID: PMC3469987 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.002419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We have integrated a dual-beam optical trap into a microfluidic platform and used it to study membrane mechanics in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). We demonstrate the trapping and stretching of GUVs and characterize the membrane response to a step stress. We then measure area strain as a function of applied stress to extract the bending modulus of the lipid bilayer in the low-tension regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet E. Solmaz
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Roshni Biswas
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Shalene Sankhagowit
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - James R. Thompson
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Camilo A. Mejia
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Noah Malmstadt
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Michelle L. Povinelli
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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30
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Choudhury D, Jaque D, Rodenas A, Ramsay WT, Paterson L, Kar AK. Quantum dot enabled thermal imaging of optofluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:2414-2420. [PMID: 22538525 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40181a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dot thermal imaging has been used to analyse the chromatic dependence of laser-induced thermal effects inside optofluidic devices with monolithically integrated near-infrared waveguides. We demonstrate how microchannel optical local heating plays an important role, which cannot be disregarded within the context of on-chip optical cell manipulation. We also report on the thermal imaging of locally illuminated microchannels when filled with nano-heating particles such as carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaditya Choudhury
- SUPA, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
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31
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Gyger M, Rose D, Stange R, Kiessling T, Zink M, Fabry B, Käs JA. Calcium imaging in the optical stretcher. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:19212-19222. [PMID: 21996863 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.019212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Microfluidic Optical Stretcher (MOS) has previously been shown to be a versatile tool to measure mechanical properties of single suspended cells. In this study we combine optical stretching and fluorescent calcium imaging. A cell line transfected with a heat sensitive cation channel was used as a model system to show the versatility of the setup. The cells were loaded with the Ca(2+) dye Fluo-4 and imaged with confocal laser scanning microscopy while being stretched. During optical stretching heat is transferred to the cell causing a pronounced Ca(2+) influx through the cation channel. The technique opens new perspectives for investigating the role of Ca(2+) in regulating cell mechanical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gyger
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik I, Abteilung für Physik der Weichen Materie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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