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Anosov A, Borisova E, Smirnova E, Korepanova E, Osipov A. Effect of Cytochrome C on the Conductance of Asolectin Membranes and the Occurrence of Through Pores at Different pHs. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:268. [PMID: 36984655 PMCID: PMC10053876 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The study of the electrical parameters of asolectin bilayer lipid membranes in the presence of cytochrome c (cyt c) at various concentrations showed that an increase in the concentration of cyt c leads to an increase in the membrane conductance and the appearance of through pores. The studied membranes did not contain cardiolipin, which is commonly used in studying the effect of cyt c on membrane permeability. In the presence of cyt c, discrete current fluctuations were recorded. The occurrence of these fluctuations may be associated with the formation of through pores. The diameter of these pores was ~0.8 nm, which is smaller than the size of the cyt c globule (~3 nm). Measurements carried out at pH values from 6.4 to 8.4 showed that the concentration dependence of the membrane conductance increases with increasing pH. To assess the binding of cyt c to the bilayer, we measured the concentration and pH dependences of the difference in surface potentials induced by the unilateral addition of cyt c. The amount of bound cyt c at the same concentrations decreased with increasing pH, which did not correspond to the conductance trend. An analysis of conductance traces leads to the conclusion that an increase in the integral conductance of membranes is associated with an increase in the lifetime of pores. The formation of "long-lived" pores, of which the residence time in the open state is longer than in the closed state, was achieved at various combinations of pHs and cyt c concentrations: the higher the pH, the lower the concentration at which the long-lived pores appeared and, accordingly, a higher conductance was observed. The increase in conductance and the formation of transmembrane pores are not due to the electrostatic interaction between cyt c and the membrane. We hypothesize that an increase in pH leads to a weakening of hydrogen bonds between lipid heads, which allows cyt c molecules to penetrate into the membrane. This disrupts the order of the bilayer and leads to the occurrence of through pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Anosov
- The Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of RAS, 125009 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Borisova
- The Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Smirnova
- The Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugenia Korepanova
- The Department of General and Medical Biophysics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly Osipov
- The Department of General and Medical Biophysics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Chertkova RV, Firsov AM, Brazhe NA, Nikelshparg EI, Bochkova ZV, Bryantseva TV, Semenova MA, Baizhumanov AA, Kotova EA, Kirpichnikov MP, Maksimov GV, Antonenko YN, Dolgikh DA. Multiple Mutations in the Non-Ordered Red Ω-Loop Enhance the Membrane-Permeabilizing and Peroxidase-like Activity of Cytochrome c. Biomolecules 2022; 12:665. [PMID: 35625593 PMCID: PMC9138828 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A key event in the cytochrome c-dependent apoptotic pathway is the permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane, resulting in the release of various apoptogenic factors, including cytochrome c, into the cytosol. It is believed that the permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane can be induced by the peroxidase activity of cytochrome c in a complex with cardiolipin. Using a number of mutant variants of cytochrome c, we showed that both substitutions of Lys residues from the universal binding site for oppositely charged Glu residues and mutations leading to a decrease in the conformational mobility of the red Ω-loop in almost all cases did not affect the ability of cytochrome c to bind to cardiolipin. At the same time, the peroxidase activity of all mutant variants in a complex with cardiolipin was three to five times higher than that of the wild type. A pronounced increase in the ability to permeabilize the lipid membrane in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, as measured by calcein leakage from liposomes, was observed only in the case of four substitutions in the red Ω-loop (M4 mutant). According to resonance and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, the mutations caused significant changes in the heme of oxidized cytochrome c molecules resulting in an increased probability of the plane heme conformation and the enhancement of the rigidity of the protein surrounding the heme. The binding of wild-type and mutant forms of oxidized cytochrome c to cardiolipin-containing liposomes caused the disordering of the acyl lipid chains that was more pronounced for the M4 mutant. Our findings indicate that the Ω-loop is important for the pore formation in cardiolipin-containing membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita V. Chertkova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Z.V.B.); (T.V.B.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.); (D.A.D.)
| | - Alexander M. Firsov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.F.); (E.A.K.); (Y.N.A.)
| | - Nadezda A. Brazhe
- Biophysics Department, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.N.); (A.A.B.); (G.V.M.)
| | - Evelina I. Nikelshparg
- Biophysics Department, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.N.); (A.A.B.); (G.V.M.)
| | - Zhanna V. Bochkova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Z.V.B.); (T.V.B.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.); (D.A.D.)
- Biophysics Department, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.N.); (A.A.B.); (G.V.M.)
| | - Tatyana V. Bryantseva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Z.V.B.); (T.V.B.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.); (D.A.D.)
- Biology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina A. Semenova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Z.V.B.); (T.V.B.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.); (D.A.D.)
| | - Adil A. Baizhumanov
- Biophysics Department, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.N.); (A.A.B.); (G.V.M.)
| | - Elena A. Kotova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.F.); (E.A.K.); (Y.N.A.)
| | - Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Z.V.B.); (T.V.B.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.); (D.A.D.)
- Biology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy V. Maksimov
- Biophysics Department, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.I.N.); (A.A.B.); (G.V.M.)
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “National Research Technological University “MISiS””, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuriy N. Antonenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.M.F.); (E.A.K.); (Y.N.A.)
| | - Dmitry A. Dolgikh
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Z.V.B.); (T.V.B.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.K.); (D.A.D.)
- Biology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia
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Influence of Resveratrol on Oxidation Processes and Lipid Phase Characteristics in Damaged Somatic Nerves. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2381907. [PMID: 31886183 PMCID: PMC6927059 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2381907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that the intensification of oxidative processes is observed when somatic nerves of rats are damaged. Accumulation of malondialdehyde occurs, and the phase properties of the lipid bilayer change, especially in the distal part of the nerve. Under the same conditions, there are multidirectional changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreases, and catalase (CAT) activity increases. Under the action of resveratrol, there is a decrease in the number of TBA-active products in both areas of the damaged nerve. Alongside resveratrol action, SOD and CAT activity tends to return towards the control values. Similar patterns are observed in the action of resveratrol on the phase states of lipids with the damage to somatic nerves. By summarizing the data obtained, it can be claimed that when the nerve is damaged, profound changes occur both in the lipid component and in the antioxidant system. Resveratrol has a stabilizing effect on the studied parameters, and a longer period of time is required for their complete recovery.
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Minocycline prevents peroxidative permeabilization of cardiolipin-containing bilayer lipid membranes mediated by cytochrome c. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 507:510-513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Structure of the complex of cytochrome c with cardiolipin in non-polar environment. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 214:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Calcein leakage as a robust assay for cytochrome c /H 2 O 2 –mediated liposome permeabilization. Anal Biochem 2018; 552:19-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kitt JP, Bryce DA, Minteer SD, Harris JM. Raman Spectroscopy Reveals Selective Interactions of Cytochrome c with Cardiolipin That Correlate with Membrane Permeability. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3851-3860. [PMID: 28221789 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane is an integral step in apoptosis. The resulting release of pro-apoptotic signaling proteins leads to cell destruction through activation of the cysteine-aspartic protease (caspase) cascade. However, the mechanism of outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) permeabilization remains unclear. It was recently shown that cytochrome c can induce pore formation in cardiolipin-containing phospholipid membranes, leading to large dextran and protein permeability. In this work, the interaction of cytochrome c with cardiolipin-containing phospholipid vesicles, serving as models of the OMM, is investigated to probe cytochrome c-induced permeability. Lipid vesicles having either a 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) or mixed-DPPC/cardiolipin membrane and containing a membrane-impermeable Raman tracer 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate (3-NBS) were optically trapped, translated into a solution containing cytochrome c, and monitored for 3-NBS leakage. Cytochrome-correlated leakage was observed only in cardiolipin-containing vesicles. Structural changes observed in the Raman spectra during permeabilization indicated acyl chain disordering along with decreased intensity of the cardiolipin cis-double-bond stretching modes. When the vesicle-associated cytochrome c Raman spectrum is compared with a spectrum in buffer, heme-resonance bands are absent, indicating loss of Met-80 coordination. To verify selective interactions of cytochrome c with cardiolipin, these experiments were repeated where the DPPC acyl chains were deuterated (D62-DPPC), allowing spectral resolution of the DPPC acyl chain response from that of cardiolipin. Interestingly, D62-DPPC acyl chains were unaffected by cytochrome c accumulation, while cardiolipin showed major changes in acyl chain structure. These results suggest that cytochrome-induced permeabilization proceeds through selective interaction of cytochrome c with cardiolipin, resulting in protein unfolding, where the unfolded form interacts with cardiolipin acyl chains within the bilayer to induce permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay P Kitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - David A Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Joel M Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Revin VV, Gromova NV, Revina ES, Martynova MI, Seikina AI, Revina NV, Imarova OG, Solomadin IN, Tychkov AY, Zhelev N. Role of Membrane Lipids in the Regulation of Erythrocytic Oxygen-Transport Function in Cardiovascular Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3429604. [PMID: 27872848 PMCID: PMC5107249 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3429604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The composition and condition of membrane lipids, the morphology of erythrocytes, and hemoglobin distribution were explored with the help of laser interference microscopy (LIM) and Raman spectroscopy. It is shown that patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have significant changes in the composition of their phospholipids and the fatty acids of membrane lipids. Furthermore, the microviscosity of the membranes and morphology of the erythrocytes are altered causing disordered oxygen transport by hemoglobin. Basic therapy carried out with the use of antiaggregants, statins, antianginals, beta-blockers, and calcium antagonists does not help to recover the morphofunctional properties of erythrocytes. Based on the results the authors assume that, for the relief of the ischemic crisis and further therapeutic treatment, it is necessary to include, in addition to cardiovascular disease medicines, medication that increases the ability of erythrocytes' hemoglobin to transport oxygen to the tissues. We assume that the use of LIM and Raman spectroscopy is advisable for early diagnosis of changes in the structure and functional state of erythrocytes when cardiovascular diseases develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V. Revin
- Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk 430005, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Gromova
- Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk 430005, Russia
| | - Elvira S. Revina
- Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk 430005, Russia
| | - Maria I. Martynova
- Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk 430005, Russia
| | - Angelina I. Seikina
- Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk 430005, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V. Revina
- Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk 430005, Russia
| | - Oksana G. Imarova
- GBUZ RM “National Hospital for War Veterans”, Saransk 430005, Russia
| | - Ilia N. Solomadin
- Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk 430005, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu. Tychkov
- Federal State-Financed Academic Institution of Higher Education “National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University”, Saransk 430005, Russia
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Structural Changes and Proapoptotic Peroxidase Activity of Cardiolipin-Bound Mitochondrial Cytochrome c. Biophys J 2016; 109:1873-84. [PMID: 26536264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular process of intrinsic apoptosis relies on the peroxidation of mitochondrial lipids as a critical molecular signal. Lipid peroxidation is connected to increases in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, but there is also a required role for mitochondrial cytochrome c (cyt-c). In apoptotic mitochondria, cyt-c gains a new function as a lipid peroxidase that catalyzes the reactive oxygen species-mediated chemical modification of the mitochondrial lipid cardiolipin (CL). This peroxidase activity is caused by a conformational change in the protein, resulting from interactions between cyt-c and CL. The nature of the conformational change and how it causes this gain-of-function remain uncertain. Via a combination of functional, structural, and biophysical experiments we investigate the structure and peroxidase activity of cyt-c in its membrane-bound state. We reconstituted cyt-c with CL-containing lipid vesicles, and determined the increase in peroxidase activity resulting from membrane binding. We combined these assays of CL-induced proapoptotic activity with structural and dynamic studies of the membrane-bound protein via solid-state NMR and optical spectroscopy. Multidimensional magic angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR of uniformly (13)C,(15)N-labeled protein was used to detect site-specific conformational changes in oxidized and reduced horse heart cyt-c bound to CL-containing lipid bilayers. MAS NMR and Fourier transform infrared measurements show that the peripherally membrane-bound cyt-c experiences significant dynamics, but also retains most or all of its secondary structure. Moreover, in two-dimensional and three-dimensional MAS NMR spectra the CL-bound cyt-c displays a spectral resolution, and thus structural homogeneity, that is inconsistent with extensive membrane-induced unfolding. Cyt-c is found to interact primarily with the membrane interface, without significantly disrupting the lipid bilayer. Thus, membrane binding results in cyt-c gaining the increased peroxidase activity that represents its pivotal proapoptotic function, but we do not observe evidence for large-scale unfolding or penetration into the membrane core.
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Firsov AM, Kotova EA, Orlov VN, Antonenko YN, Skulachev VP. A mitochondria-targeted antioxidant can inhibit peroxidase activity of cytochromecby detachment of the protein from liposomes. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:2836-43. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Firsov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Russia
- Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Russia
| | - Elena A. Kotova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Russia
| | - Viktor N. Orlov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Russia
| | - Yuri N. Antonenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Russia
| | - Vladimir P. Skulachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Russia
- Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Russia
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Peroxidative permeabilization of liposomes induced by cytochrome c/cardiolipin complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:767-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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