1
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Bowers SR, Lockhart C, Klimov DK. Binding and dimerization of PGLa peptides in anionic lipid bilayer studied by replica exchange molecular dynamics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4972. [PMID: 38424117 PMCID: PMC10904749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The 21-residue PGLa peptide is well known for antimicrobial activity attributed to its ability to compromize bacterial membranes. Using all-atom explicit solvent replica exchange molecular dynamics with solute tempering, we studied PGLa binding to a model anionic DMPC/DMPG bilayer at the high peptide:lipid ratio that promotes PGLa dimerization (a two peptides per leaflet system). As a reference we used our previous simulations at the low peptide:lipid ratio (a one peptide per leaflet system). We found that the increase in the peptide:lipid ratio suppresses PGLa helical propensity, tilts the bound peptide toward the bilayer hydrophobic core, and forces it deeper into the bilayer. Surprisingly, at the high peptide:lipid ratio PGLa binding induces weaker bilayer thinning, but deeper water permeation. We explain these effects by the cross-correlations between lipid shells surrounding PGLa that leads to a much diminished efflux of DMPC lipids from the peptide proximity at the high peptide:lipid ratio. Consistent with the experimental data the propensity for PGLa dimerization was found to be weak resulting in coexistence of monomers and dimers with distinctive properties. PGLa dimers assemble via apolar criss-cross interface and become partially expelled from the bilayer residing at the bilayer-water boundary. We rationalize their properties by the dimer tendency to preserve favorable electrostatic interactions between lysine and phosphate lipid groups as well as to avoid electrostatic repulsion between lysines in the low dielectric environment of the bilayer core. PGLa homedimer interface is predicted to be distinct from that involved in PGLa-magainin heterodimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Bowers
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | | | - Dmitri K Klimov
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
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2
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Mhlongo JT, Waddad AY, Albericio F, de la Torre BG. Antimicrobial Peptide Synergies for Fighting Infectious Diseases. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300472. [PMID: 37407512 PMCID: PMC10502873 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential elements of thehost defense system. Characterized by heterogenous structures and broad-spectrumaction, they are promising candidates for combating multidrug resistance. Thecombined use of AMPs with other antimicrobial agents provides a new arsenal ofdrugs with synergistic action, thereby overcoming the drawback of monotherapiesduring infections. AMPs kill microbes via pore formation, thus inhibitingintracellular functions. This mechanism of action by AMPs is an advantage overantibiotics as it hinders the development of drug resistance. The synergisticeffect of AMPs will allow the repurposing of conventional antimicrobials andenhance their clinical outcomes, reduce toxicity, and, most significantly,prevent the development of resistance. In this review, various synergies ofAMPs with antimicrobials and miscellaneous agents are discussed. The effect ofstructural diversity and chemical modification on AMP properties is firstaddressed and then different combinations that can lead to synergistic action,whether this combination is between AMPs and antimicrobials, or AMPs andmiscellaneous compounds, are attended. This review can serve as guidance whenredesigning and repurposing the use of AMPs in combination with other antimicrobialagents for enhanced clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica T. Mhlongo
- KwaZulu‐Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP)School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
- Peptide Science LaboratorySchool of Chemistry and PhysicsUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalWestvilleDurban4000South Africa
| | - Ayman Y. Waddad
- Peptide Science LaboratorySchool of Chemistry and PhysicsUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalWestvilleDurban4000South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science LaboratorySchool of Chemistry and PhysicsUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalWestvilleDurban4000South Africa
- CIBER‐BBNNetworking Centre on BioengineeringBiomaterials and Nanomedicineand Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelona08028Spain
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- KwaZulu‐Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP)School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
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3
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Clarke M, Hind CK, Ferguson PM, Manzo G, Mistry B, Yue B, Romanopulos J, Clifford M, Bui TT, Drake AF, Lorenz CD, Sutton JM, Mason AJ. Synergy between Winter Flounder antimicrobial peptides. NPJ ANTIMICROBIALS AND RESISTANCE 2023; 1:8. [PMID: 38686212 PMCID: PMC11057203 DOI: 10.1038/s44259-023-00010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Some antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have potent bactericidal activity and are being considered as potential alternatives to classical antibiotics. In response to an infection, such AMPs are often produced in animals alongside other peptides with low or no perceivable antimicrobial activity, whose role is unclear. Here we show that six AMPs from the Winter Flounder (WF) act in synergy against a range of bacterial pathogens and provide mechanistic insights into how this increases the cooperativity of the dose-dependent bactericidal activity and potency that enable therapy. Only two WF AMPs have potent antimicrobial activity when used alone but we find a series of two-way combinations, involving peptides which otherwise have low or no activity, yield potent antimicrobial activity. Weakly active WF AMPs modulate the membrane interactions of the more potent WF AMPs and enable therapy in a model of Acinetobacter baumannii burn wound infection. The observed synergy and emergent behaviour may explain the evolutionary benefits of producing a family of related peptides and are attractive properties to consider when developing AMPs towards clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clarke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Charlotte K. Hind
- Technology Development Group, UK Health Security Agency, Research and Evaluation, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG UK
| | - Philip M. Ferguson
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Giorgia Manzo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Bhumil Mistry
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Bingkun Yue
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Janis Romanopulos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Melanie Clifford
- Technology Development Group, UK Health Security Agency, Research and Evaluation, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG UK
| | - Tam T. Bui
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, New Hunt’s House, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Alex F. Drake
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy and Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, New Hunt’s House, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | | | - J. Mark Sutton
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH UK
- Technology Development Group, UK Health Security Agency, Research and Evaluation, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG UK
| | - A. James Mason
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH UK
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4
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Espeche JC, Varas R, Maturana P, Cutro AC, Maffía PC, Hollmann A. Membrane permeability and antimicrobial peptides: Much more than just making a hole. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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5
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Strandberg E, Wadhwani P, Bürck J, Anders P, Mink C, van den Berg J, Ciriello RAM, Melo MN, Castanho MARB, Bardají E, Ulmschneider JP, Ulrich AS. Temperature-Dependent Re-alignment of the Short Multifunctional Peptide BP100 in Membranes Revealed by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200602. [PMID: 36454659 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BP100 is a cationic undecamer peptide with antimicrobial and cell-penetrating activities. The orientation of this amphiphilic α-helix in lipid bilayers was examined under numerous conditions using solid-state 19 F, 15 N and 2 H NMR. At high temperatures in saturated phosphatidylcholine lipids, BP100 lies flat on the membrane surface, as expected. Upon lowering the temperature towards the lipid phase transition, the helix is found to flip into an upright transmembrane orientation. In thin bilayers, this inserted state was stable at low peptide concentration, but thicker membranes required higher peptide concentrations. In the presence of lysolipids, the inserted state prevailed even at high temperature. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that BP100 monomer insertion can be stabilized by snorkeling lysine side chains. These results demonstrate that even a very short helix like BP100 can span (and thereby penetrate through) a cellular membrane under suitable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Strandberg
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Parvesh Wadhwani
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jochen Bürck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Patrick Anders
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christian Mink
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Present address: Syngenta Crop Protection AG, 4333, Münchwilen, Switzerland
| | - Jonas van den Berg
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Raffaele A M Ciriello
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manuel N Melo
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal.,Present address: ITQB Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Miguel A R B Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eduard Bardají
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Jakob P Ulmschneider
- Institute of Natural Sciences and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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6
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Baxani DK, Jamieson WD, Barrow DA, Castell OK. Encapsulated droplet interface bilayers as a platform for high-throughput membrane studies. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:5089-5096. [PMID: 35766018 PMCID: PMC9277618 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01111a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Whilst it is highly desirable to produce artificial lipid bilayer arrays allowing for systematic high-content screening of membrane conditions, it remains a challenge due to the combined requirements of scaled membrane production, simple measurement access, and independent control over individual bilayer experimental conditions. Here, droplet bilayers encapsulated within a hydrogel shell are output individually into multi-well plates for simple, arrayed quantitative measurements. The afforded experimental throughput is used to conduct a 2D concentration screen characterising the synergistic pore-forming peptides Magainin2 and PGLa. Maximal enhanced activity is revealed at equimolar peptide concentrations via a membrane dye leakage assay, a finding consistent with models proposed from NMR data. The versatility of the platform is demonstrated by performing in situ electrophysiology, revealing low conductance pore activity (∼15 to 20 pA with 4.5 pA sub-states). In conclusion, this array platform addresses the aforementioned challenges and provides new and flexible opportunities for high-throughput membrane studies. Furthermore, the ability to engineer droplet networks within each construct paves the way for "lab-in-a-capsule" approaches accommodating multiple assays per construct and allowing for communicative reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Baxani
- College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, CF10 3NB Cardiff, UK.
| | - W D Jamieson
- College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, CF10 3NB Cardiff, UK.
| | - D A Barrow
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, 14-17 The Parade, CF4 3AA Cardiff, UK
| | - O K Castell
- College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, CF10 3NB Cardiff, UK.
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7
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Ferguson PM, Clarke M, Manzo G, Hind CK, Clifford M, Sutton JM, Lorenz CD, Phoenix DA, Mason AJ. Temporin B Forms Hetero-Oligomers with Temporin L, Modifies Its Membrane Activity, and Increases the Cooperativity of Its Antibacterial Pharmacodynamic Profile. Biochemistry 2022; 61:1029-1040. [PMID: 35609188 PMCID: PMC9178791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The pharmacodynamic
profile of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and
their in vivo synergy are two factors that are thought
to restrict resistance evolution and ensure their conservation. The
frog Rana temporaria secretes a family of closely
related AMPs, temporins A–L, as an effective chemical dermal
defense. The antibacterial potency of temporin L has been shown to
increase synergistically in combination with both temporins B and
A, but this is modest. Here we show that the less potent temporin
B enhances the cooperativity of the in vitro antibacterial
activity of the more potent temporin L against EMRSA-15 and that this
may be associated with an altered interaction with the bacterial plasma
membrane, a feature critical for the antibacterial activity of most
AMPs. Addition of buforin II, a histone H2A fragment, can further
increase the cooperativity. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate
temporins B and L readily form hetero-oligomers in models of Gram-positive
bacterial plasma membranes. Patch-clamp studies show transmembrane
ion conductance is triggered with lower amounts of both peptides and
more quickly when used in combination, but conductance is of a lower
amplitude and pores are smaller. Temporin B may therefore act by forming
temporin L/B hetero-oligomers that are more effective than temporin
L homo-oligomers at bacterial killing and/or by reducing the probability
of the latter forming until a threshold concentration is reached.
Exploration of the mechanism of synergy between AMPs isolated from
the same organism may therefore yield antibiotic combinations with
advantageous pharmacodynamic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Ferguson
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Clarke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgia Manzo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K Hind
- Technology Development Group, UKHSA, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Clifford
- Technology Development Group, UKHSA, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.,Technology Development Group, UKHSA, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Christian D Lorenz
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - David A Phoenix
- School of Applied Science, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - A James Mason
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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8
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Juhl DW, Glattard E, Aisenbrey C, Bechinger B. Antimicrobial peptides: mechanism of action and lipid-mediated synergistic interactions within membranes. Faraday Discuss 2021; 232:419-434. [PMID: 34533138 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00041h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Biophysical and structural studies of peptide-lipid interactions, peptide topology and dynamics have changed our view of how antimicrobial peptides insert and interact with membranes. Clearly, both peptides and lipids are highly dynamic, and change and mutually adapt their conformation, membrane penetration and detailed morphology on a local and a global level. As a consequence, peptides and lipids can form a wide variety of supramolecular assemblies in which the more hydrophobic sequences preferentially, but not exclusively, adopt transmembrane alignments and have the potential to form oligomeric structures similar to those suggested by the transmembrane helical bundle model. In contrast, charged amphipathic sequences tend to stay intercalated at the membrane interface. Although the membranes are soft and can adapt, at increasing peptide density they cause pronounced disruptions of the phospholipid fatty acyl packing. At even higher local or global concentrations the peptides cause transient membrane openings, rupture and ultimately lysis. Interestingly, mixtures of peptides such as magainin 2 and PGLa, which are stored and secreted naturally as a cocktail, exhibit considerably enhanced antimicrobial activities when investigated together in antimicrobial assays and also in pore forming experiments applied to biophysical model systems. Our most recent investigations reveal that these peptides do not form stable complexes but act by specific lipid-mediated interactions and the nanoscale properties of phospholipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis W Juhl
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Elise Glattard
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Christopher Aisenbrey
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, France
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9
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Pirtskhalava M, Vishnepolsky B, Grigolava M, Managadze G. Physicochemical Features and Peculiarities of Interaction of AMP with the Membrane. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:471. [PMID: 34067510 PMCID: PMC8156082 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are anti-infectives that have the potential to be used as a novel and untapped class of biotherapeutics. Modes of action of antimicrobial peptides include interaction with the cell envelope (cell wall, outer- and inner-membrane). A comprehensive understanding of the peculiarities of interaction of antimicrobial peptides with the cell envelope is necessary to perform a rational design of new biotherapeutics, against which working out resistance is hard for microbes. In order to enable de novo design with low cost and high throughput, in silico predictive models have to be invoked. To develop an efficient predictive model, a comprehensive understanding of the sequence-to-function relationship is required. This knowledge will allow us to encode amino acid sequences expressively and to adequately choose the accurate AMP classifier. A shared protective layer of microbial cells is the inner, plasmatic membrane. The interaction of AMP with a biological membrane (native and/or artificial) has been comprehensively studied. We provide a review of mechanisms and results of interactions of AMP with the cell membrane, relying on the survey of physicochemical, aggregative, and structural features of AMPs. The potency and mechanism of AMP action are presented in terms of amino acid compositions and distributions of the polar and apolar residues along the chain, that is, in terms of the physicochemical features of peptides such as hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, and amphiphilicity. The survey of current data highlights topics that should be taken into account to come up with a comprehensive explanation of the mechanisms of action of AMP and to uncover the physicochemical faces of peptides, essential to perform their function. Many different approaches have been used to classify AMPs, including machine learning. The survey of knowledge on sequences, structures, and modes of actions of AMP allows concluding that only possessing comprehensive information on physicochemical features of AMPs enables us to develop accurate classifiers and create effective methods of prediction. Consequently, this knowledge is necessary for the development of design tools for peptide-based antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Pirtskhalava
- Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia; (B.V.); (M.G.); (G.M.)
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10
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Bechinger B, Juhl DW, Glattard E, Aisenbrey C. Revealing the Mechanisms of Synergistic Action of Two Magainin Antimicrobial Peptides. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 2:615494. [PMID: 35047895 PMCID: PMC8757784 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2020.615494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of peptide-lipid and peptide-peptide interactions as well as their topology and dynamics using biophysical and structural approaches have changed our view how antimicrobial peptides work and function. It has become obvious that both the peptides and the lipids arrange in soft supramolecular arrangements which are highly dynamic and able to change and mutually adapt their conformation, membrane penetration, and detailed morphology. This can occur on a local and a global level. This review focuses on cationic amphipathic peptides of the magainin family which were studied extensively by biophysical approaches. They are found intercalated at the membrane interface where they cause membrane thinning and ultimately lysis. Interestingly, mixtures of two of those peptides namely magainin 2 and PGLa which occur naturally as a cocktail in the frog skin exhibit synergistic enhancement of antimicrobial activities when investigated together in antimicrobial assays but also in biophysical experiments with model membranes. Detailed dose-response curves, presented here for the first time, show a cooperative behavior for the individual peptides which is much increased when PGLa and magainin are added as equimolar mixture. This has important consequences for their bacterial killing activities and resistance development. In membranes that carry unsaturations both peptides align parallel to the membrane surface where they have been shown to arrange into mesophases involving the peptides and the lipids. This supramolecular structuration comes along with much-increased membrane affinities for the peptide mixture. Because this synergism is most pronounced in membranes representing the bacterial lipid composition it can potentially be used to increase the therapeutic window of pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Bechinger
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Dennis Wilkens Juhl
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elise Glattard
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christopher Aisenbrey
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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11
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Remington JM, Liao C, Sharafi M, Marie ES, Ferrell JB, Hondal R, Wargo MJ, Schneebeli ST, Li J. Aggregation State of Synergistic Antimicrobial Peptides. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9501-9506. [PMID: 33108730 PMCID: PMC8299379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
By integrating various simulation and experimental techniques, we discovered that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) may achieve synergy at an optimal concentration and ratio, which can be caused by aggregation of the synergistic peptides. On multiple time and length scales, our studies obtain novel evidence of how peptide coaggregation in solution can affect the disruption of membranes by synergistic AMPs. Our findings provide crucial details about the complex molecular origins of AMP synergy, which will help guide the future development of synergistic AMPs as well as applications of anti-infective peptide cocktail therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chenyi Liao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Mona Sharafi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Emma Ste. Marie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | | | - Robert Hondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - Matthew J. Wargo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | | | - Jianing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
- Corresponding Author Jianing Li ()
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12
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Highly synergistic antimicrobial activity of magainin 2 and PGLa peptides is rooted in the formation of supramolecular complexes with lipids. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11652. [PMID: 32669585 PMCID: PMC7363891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magainin 2 and PGLa are cationic, amphipathic antimicrobial peptides which when added as equimolar mixture exhibit a pronounced synergism in both their antibacterial and pore-forming activities. Here we show for the first time that the peptides assemble into defined supramolecular structures along the membrane interface. The resulting mesophases are quantitatively described by state-of-the art fluorescence self-quenching and correlation spectroscopies. Notably, the synergistic behavior of magainin 2 and PGLa correlates with the formation of hetero-domains and an order-of-magnitude increased membrane affinity of both peptides. Enhanced membrane association of the peptide mixture is only observed in the presence of phophatidylethanolamines but not of phosphatidylcholines, lipids that dominate bacterial and eukaryotic membranes, respectively. Thereby the increased membrane-affinity of the peptide mixtures not only explains their synergistic antimicrobial activity, but at the same time provides a new concept to increase the therapeutic window of combinatorial drugs.
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Ilyas H, Kim J, Lee D, Malmsten M, Bhunia A. Structural insights into the combinatorial effects of antimicrobial peptides reveal a role of aromatic-aromatic interactions in antibacterial synergism. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14615-14633. [PMID: 31383740 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent development of plants that overexpress antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) provides opportunities for controlling plant diseases. Because plants employ a broad-spectrum antimicrobial defense, including those based on AMPs, transgenic modification for AMP overexpression represents a potential way to utilize a defense system already present in plants. Herein, using an array of techniques and approaches, we report on VG16KRKP and KYE28, two antimicrobial peptides, which in combination exhibit synergistic antimicrobial effects against plant pathogens and are resistant against plant proteases. Investigating the structural origin of these synergistic antimicrobial effects with NMR spectroscopy of the complex formed between these two peptides and their mutated analogs, we demonstrate the formation of an unusual peptide complex, characterized by the formation of a bulky hydrophobic hub, stabilized by aromatic zippers. Using three-dimensional structure analyses of the complex in bacterial outer and inner membrane components and when bound to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or bacterial membrane mimics, we found that this structure is key for elevating antimicrobial potency of the peptide combination. We conclude that the synergistic antimicrobial effects of VG16KRKP and KYE28 arise from the formation of a well-defined amphiphilic dimer in the presence of LPS and also in the cytoplasmic bacterial membrane environment. Together, these findings highlight a new application of solution NMR spectroscopy to solve complex structures to study peptide-peptide interactions, and they underscore the importance of structural insights for elucidating the antimicrobial effects of AMP mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Ilyas
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), Kolkata 700054, India
| | - JaeWoong Kim
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 139743, Korea
| | - DongKuk Lee
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 139743, Korea
| | - Martin Malmsten
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden .,Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), Kolkata 700054, India
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A Comparative Study on Interactions of Antimicrobial Peptides L- and D-phenylseptin with 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9132601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
L-phenylseptin (L-Phes) and D-phenylseptin (D-Phes) are amphibian antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin secretion of Hypsiboas punctatus. In the N-termini, L-Phes and D-Phes contain three consecutive phenylalanine residues, l-Phe-l-Phe-l-Phe and l-Phe-d-Phe-l-Phe, respectively. They are known to exhibit antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Glycines. However, their mechanism of action and the role of the D-amino acid residue have not been elucidated yet. In this study, the interactions of both peptides with 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) were investigated by means of quartz crystal microbalance, circular dichroism, vibrational circular dichroism, 31P solid-state NMR, and molecular dynamics simulation. Both peptides have similar binding constants to the DMPC lipid bilayers, in the order of 106 M−1, and form an α-helix structure in the DMPC lipid bilayers. Both the peptides induce similar changes in the dynamics of DMPC lipids. Thus, in spite of the difference in the conformations caused by the chirality at the N-terminus, the peptides showed similar behavior in the membrane-bound state, experimentally and computationally.
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Leber R, Pachler M, Kabelka I, Svoboda I, Enkoller D, Vácha R, Lohner K, Pabst G. Synergism of Antimicrobial Frog Peptides Couples to Membrane Intrinsic Curvature Strain. Biophys J 2019; 114:1945-1954. [PMID: 29694871 PMCID: PMC5937145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixtures of the frog peptides magainin 2 and PGLa are well-known for their pronounced synergistic killing of Gram-negative bacteria. We aimed to gain insight into the underlying biophysical mechanism by interrogating the permeabilizing efficacies of the peptides as a function of stored membrane curvature strain. For Gram-negative bacterial-inner-membrane mimics, synergism was only observed when the anionic bilayers exhibited significant negative intrinsic curvatures imposed by monounsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine. In contrast, the peptides and their mixtures did not exhibit significant activities in charge-neutral mammalian mimics, including those with negative curvature, which is consistent with the requirement of charge-mediated peptide binding to the membrane. Our experimental findings are supported by computer simulations showing a significant decrease of the peptide-insertion free energy in membranes upon shifting intrinsic curvatures toward more positive values. The physiological relevance of our model studies is corroborated by a remarkable agreement with the peptide’s synergistic activity in Escherichia coli. We propose that synergism is related to a lowering of a membrane-curvature-strain-mediated free-energy barrier by PGLa that assists membrane insertion of magainin 2, and not by strict pairwise interactions of the two peptides as suggested previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Leber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Pachler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ivo Kabelka
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irene Svoboda
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Robert Vácha
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karl Lohner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Wu Q, Patočka J, Kuča K. Insect Antimicrobial Peptides, a Mini Review. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10110461. [PMID: 30413046 PMCID: PMC6267271 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are crucial effectors of the innate immune system. They provide the first line of defense against a variety of pathogens. AMPs display synergistic effects with conventional antibiotics, and thus present the potential for combined therapies. Insects are extremely resistant to bacterial infections. Insect AMPs are cationic and comprise less than 100 amino acids. These insect peptides exhibit an antimicrobial effect by disrupting the microbial membrane and do not easily allow microbes to develop drug resistance. Currently, membrane mechanisms underlying the antimicrobial effects of AMPs are proposed by different modes: the barrel-stave mode, toroidal-pore, carpet, and disordered toroidal-pore are the typical modes. Positive charge quantity, hydrophobic property and the secondary structure of the peptide are important for the antibacterial activity of AMPs. At present, several structural families of AMPs from insects are known (defensins, cecropins, drosocins, attacins, diptericins, ponericins, metchnikowins, and melittin), but new AMPs are frequently discovered. We reviewed the biological effects of the major insect AMPs. This review will provide further information that facilitates the study of insect AMPs and shed some light on novel microbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Patočka
- Department of Radiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Shtreimer Kandiyote N, Mohanraj G, Mao C, Kasher R, Arnusch CJ. Synergy on Surfaces: Anti-Biofouling Interfaces Using Surface-Attached Antimicrobial Peptides PGLa and Magainin-2. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:11147-11155. [PMID: 30122046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic effect of antimicrobial compounds is an important phenomenon that can increase the potency of treatment and might be useful against the formation of biofilms on surfaces. A strong inhibition of microbial viability on surfaces can potentially delay the development of biofilms on treated surfaces, thereby enhancing the performance of water-purification technologies and medical devices, for example, to prevent hospital-acquired infections. However, the synergistic effects of surface-immobilized antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have not yet been reported. Here, we demonstrate the synergistic antimicrobial effects of the AMPs PGLa and magainin-2 on modified reverse-osmosis (RO) membranes. These AMPs are known to act synergistically in the free state, but their antimicrobial synergistic effects have not yet been reported in a surface-immobilized state. The AMPs were functionalized with alkyne linkers and covalently attached to RO membranes modified with azides, using a click chemistry reaction. The resulting RO membranes showed reduced contact angles, indicating increased wettability. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the two peptides on the membranes via changes in the amounts of carbon, oxygen, and sulfur, which led to an increased S/C ratio, probably because of the sulfur present in the methionine residue of the peptides. The synergistic activity was measured with the free peptides in solution and covalently bound on RO membrane surfaces by observing increased leakage of 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein from large unilamellar vesicles. The synergistic antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed using surface-activity assays, where the AMP-modified RO membranes showed an effective inhibition of P. aeruginosa biofilm growth, as compared with unmodified membranes. An enhanced activity of antimicrobials on surfaces might lead to potent antimicrobial surfaces, which could result in more fouling-resistant water-treatment membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitzan Shtreimer Kandiyote
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Sede-Boqer Campus , Midreshet Ben Gurion 84990 , Israel
| | - Gunasekaran Mohanraj
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Sede-Boqer Campus , Midreshet Ben Gurion 84990 , Israel
| | - Canwei Mao
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Sede-Boqer Campus , Midreshet Ben Gurion 84990 , Israel
| | - Roni Kasher
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Sede-Boqer Campus , Midreshet Ben Gurion 84990 , Israel
| | - Christopher J Arnusch
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Sede-Boqer Campus , Midreshet Ben Gurion 84990 , Israel
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18
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Kai M, Zhang W, Xie H, Liu L, Huang S, Li X, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Zhang B, Song J, Wang R. Effects of linker amino acids on the potency and selectivity of dimeric antimicrobial peptides. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Lorenzón EN, Nobre TM, Caseli L, Cilli EM, da Hora GC, Soares TA, Oliveira ON. The “pre-assembled state” of magainin 2 lysine-linked dimer determines its enhanced antimicrobial activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 167:432-440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Starr CG, Maderdrut JL, He J, Coy DH, Wimley WC. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide is a potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide: Structure-activity relationships. Peptides 2018; 104:35-40. [PMID: 29654809 PMCID: PMC5982112 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a naturally occurring cationic peptide with potent immunosuppressant and cytoprotective activities. We now show that full length PACAP38 and to a lesser extent, the truncated form PACAP27, and the closely related vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and secretin had antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli in the radial diffusion assay. PACAP38 was more potent than either the bovine neutrophil antimicrobial peptide indolicidin or the synthetic antimicrobial peptide ARVA against E. coli. PACAP38 also had activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus in the same assay with comparable potency to indolicidin and ARVA. In the more stringent broth dilution assay, PACAP38 had moderate sterilizing activity against E. coli, and potent sterilizing activity against the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PACAP27, VIP and secretin were much less active than PACAP38 in this assay. PACAP38 also had some activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus in the broth dilution assay. Many exopeptidase-resistant analogs of PACAP38, including both receptor agonists and antagonists, had antimicrobial activities equal to, or better than PACAP38, in both assays. PACAP38 made the membranes of E. coli permeable to SYTOX Green, suggesting a classical membrane lytic mechanism. These data suggest that analogs of PACPAP38 with a wide range of useful biological activities can be made by judicious substitutions in the sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles G Starr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jerome L Maderdrut
- Peptide Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jing He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - David H Coy
- Peptide Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - William C Wimley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.
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21
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Marquette A, Bechinger B. Biophysical Investigations Elucidating the Mechanisms of Action of Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Synergism. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E18. [PMID: 29670065 PMCID: PMC6023007 DOI: 10.3390/biom8020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biophysical and structural investigations are presented with a focus on the membrane lipid interactions of cationic linear antibiotic peptides such as magainin, PGLa, LL37, and melittin. Observations made with these peptides are distinct as seen from data obtained with the hydrophobic peptide alamethicin. The cationic amphipathic peptides predominantly adopt membrane alignments parallel to the bilayer surface; thus the distribution of polar and non-polar side chains of the amphipathic helices mirror the environmental changes at the membrane interface. Such a membrane partitioning of an amphipathic helix has been shown to cause considerable disruptions in the lipid packing arrangements, transient openings at low peptide concentration, and membrane disintegration at higher peptide-to-lipid ratios. The manifold supramolecular arrangements adopted by lipids and peptides are represented by the 'soft membranes adapt and respond, also transiently' (SMART) model. Whereas molecular dynamics simulations provide atomistic views on lipid membranes in the presence of antimicrobial peptides, the biophysical investigations reveal interesting details on a molecular and supramolecular level, and recent microscopic imaging experiments delineate interesting sequences of events when bacterial cells are exposed to such peptides. Finally, biophysical studies that aim to reveal the mechanisms of synergistic interactions of magainin 2 and PGLa are presented, including unpublished isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), circular dichroism (CD) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements that suggest that the peptides are involved in liposome agglutination by mediating intermembrane interactions. A number of structural events are presented in schematic models that relate to the antimicrobial and synergistic mechanism of amphipathic peptides when they are aligned parallel to the membrane surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Marquette
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Institut de Chimie, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France.
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New insights into the influence of monofluorination on dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine membrane properties: A solid-state NMR study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:654-663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mijiddorj B, Kaneda S, Sato H, Kitahashi Y, Javkhlantugs N, Naito A, Ueda K, Kawamura I. The role of d-allo-isoleucine in the deposition of the anti-Leishmania peptide bombinin H4 as revealed by 31P solid-state NMR, VCD spectroscopy, and MD simulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2018; 1866:789-798. [PMID: 29337209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bombinin H4 is an antimicrobial peptide that was isolated from the toad Bombina variegata. Bombinin H family peptides are active against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi as well as the parasite Leishmania. Among them, bombinin H4 (H4), which contains d-allo-isoleucine (d-allo-Ile) as the second residue in its sequence, is the most active, and its l-isomer is bombinin H2 (H2). H4 has a significantly lower LC50 than H2 against Leishmania. However, the atomic-level mechanism of the membrane interaction and higher activity of H4 has not been clarified. In this work, we investigated the behavior of the conformations and interactions of H2 and H4 with the Leishmania membrane using 31P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The generation of isotropic 31P NMR signals depending on the peptide concentration indicated the abilities of H2 and H4 to exert antimicrobial activity via membrane disruption. The VCD experiment and density functional theory calculation confirmed the different stability and conformations of the N-termini of H2 and H4. MD simulations revealed that the N-terminus of H4 is more stable than that of H2 in the membrane, in line with the VCD experiment data. VCD and MD analyses demonstrated that the first l-Ile and second d-allo-Ile of H4 tend to take a cis conformation. These residues function as an anchor and facilitate the easy winding of the helical conformation of H4 in the membrane. It may assist to quickly reach to the threshold concentration of H4 on the Leishmania membrane. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: d-Amino acids: biology in the mirror, edited by Dr. Loredano Pollegioni, Dr. Jean-Pierre Mothet and Dr. Molla Gianluca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batsaikhan Mijiddorj
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Shiho Kaneda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hisako Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Yuki Kitahashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Namsrai Javkhlantugs
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Akira Naito
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ueda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Izuru Kawamura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan.
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Structure analysis of the membrane-bound dermcidin-derived peptide SSL-25 from human sweat. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:2308-2318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Molecular mechanism of synergy between the antimicrobial peptides PGLa and magainin 2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13153. [PMID: 29030606 PMCID: PMC5640672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PGLa and magainin 2 (MAG2) are amphiphilic α-helical membranolytic peptides from frog skin with known synergistic antimicrobial activity. By systematically mutating residues in the two peptides it was possible to identify the ones crucial for the synergy, as monitored by biological assays, fluorescence vesicle leakage, and solid-state 15N-NMR. Electrostatic interactions between anionic groups in MAG2 and cationic residues in PGLa enhance synergy but are not necessary for the synergistic effect. Instead, two Gly residues (7 and 11) in a so-called GxxxG motif in PGLa are necessary for synergy. Replacing either of them with Ala or another hydrophobic residue completely abolishes synergy according to all three methods used. The designer-made peptide MSI-103, which has a similar sequence as PGLa, shows no synergy with MAG2, but by introducing two Gly mutations it was possible to make it synergistic. A molecular model is proposed for the functionally active PGLa-MAG2 complex, consisting of a membrane-spanning antiparallel PGLa dimer that is stabilized by intimate Gly-Gly contacts, and where each PGLa monomer is in contact with one MAG2 molecule at its C-terminus.
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Owolabi BO, Musale V, Ojo OO, Moffett RC, McGahon MK, Curtis TM, Conlon JM, Flatt PR, Abdel-Wahab YH. Actions of PGLa-AM1 and its [A14K] and [A20K] analogues and their therapeutic potential as anti-diabetic agents. Biochimie 2017; 138:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Sani MA, Carne S, Overall SA, Poulhazan A, Separovic F. One pathogen two stones: are Australian tree frog antimicrobial peptides synergistic against human pathogens? EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2017; 46:639-646. [PMID: 28478484 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-017-1215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) may act by targeting the lipid membranes and disrupting the bilayer structure. In this study, three AMPs from the skin of Australian tree frogs, aurein 1.2, maculatin 1.1 and caerin 1.1, were investigated against Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, and vesicles that mimic their lipid compositions. Furthermore, equimolar mixtures of the peptides were tested to identify any synergistic interactions in antimicrobial activity. Minimum inhibition concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration assays showed significant activity against S. aureus but not against E. coli. Aurein was the least active while maculatin was the most active peptide and some synergistic effects were observed against S. aureus. Circular dichroism experiments showed that, in the presence of phospholipid vesicles, the peptides transitioned from an unstructured to a predominantly helical conformation (>50%), with greater helicity for POPG/TOCL compared to POPE/POPG vesicles. The helical content, however, was less in the presence of live E. coli and S. aureus, 25 and 5%, respectively. Equimolar concentrations of the peptides did not appear to form greater supramolecular structures. Dye release assays showed that aurein required greater concentration than caerin and maculatin to disrupt the lipid bilayers, and mixtures of the peptides did not cooperate to enhance their lytic activity. Overall, aurein, maculatin, and caerin showed moderate synergy in antimicrobial activity against S. aureus without becoming more structured or enhancement of their membrane-disrupting activity in phospholipid vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Siobhan Carne
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah A Overall
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alexandre Poulhazan
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Gagnon MC, Strandberg E, Grau-Campistany A, Wadhwani P, Reichert J, Bürck J, Rabanal F, Auger M, Paquin JF, Ulrich AS. Influence of the Length and Charge on the Activity of α-Helical Amphipathic Antimicrobial Peptides. Biochemistry 2017; 56:1680-1695. [PMID: 28282123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic mismatch is important for pore-forming amphipathic antimicrobial peptides, as demonstrated recently [Grau-Campistany, A., et al. (2015) Sci. Rep. 5, 9388]. A series of different length peptides have been generated with the heptameric repeat sequence KIAGKIA, called KIA peptides, and it was found that only those helices sufficiently long to span the hydrophobic thickness of the membrane could induce leakage in lipid vesicles; there was also a clear length dependence of the antimicrobial and hemolytic activities. For the original KIA sequences, the cationic charge increased with peptide length. The goal of this work is to examine whether the charge also has an effect on activity; hence, we constructed two further series of peptides with a sequence similar to those of the KIA peptides, but with a constant charge of +7 for all lengths from 14 to 28 amino acids. For both of these new series, a clear length dependence similar to that of KIA peptides was observed, indicating that charge has only a minor influence. Both series also showed a distinct threshold length for peptides to be active, which correlates directly with the thickness of the membrane. Among the longer peptides, the new series showed activities only slightly lower than those of the original KIA peptides of the same length that had a higher charge. Shorter peptides, in which Gly was replaced with Lys, showed activities similar to those of KIA peptides of the same length, but peptides in which Ile was replaced with Lys lost their helicity and were less active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Gagnon
- Department of Chemistry, PROTEO, CGCC, Université Laval , 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6.,Department of Chemistry, PROTEO, CERMA, CQMF, Université Laval , 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Erik Strandberg
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ariadna Grau-Campistany
- Secció de Química Orgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Parvesh Wadhwani
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Johannes Reichert
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jochen Bürck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Francesc Rabanal
- Secció de Química Orgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michèle Auger
- Department of Chemistry, PROTEO, CERMA, CQMF, Université Laval , 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Jean-François Paquin
- Department of Chemistry, PROTEO, CGCC, Université Laval , 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.,KIT , Institute of Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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