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Róg T, Girych M, Bunker A. Mechanistic Understanding from Molecular Dynamics in Pharmaceutical Research 2: Lipid Membrane in Drug Design. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1062. [PMID: 34681286 PMCID: PMC8537670 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the use of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation as a drug design tool in the context of the role that the lipid membrane can play in drug action, i.e., the interaction between candidate drug molecules and lipid membranes. In the standard "lock and key" paradigm, only the interaction between the drug and a specific active site of a specific protein is considered; the environment in which the drug acts is, from a biophysical perspective, far more complex than this. The possible mechanisms though which a drug can be designed to tinker with physiological processes are significantly broader than merely fitting to a single active site of a single protein. In this paper, we focus on the role of the lipid membrane, arguably the most important element outside the proteins themselves, as a case study. We discuss work that has been carried out, using MD simulation, concerning the transfection of drugs through membranes that act as biological barriers in the path of the drugs, the behavior of drug molecules within membranes, how their collective behavior can affect the structure and properties of the membrane and, finally, the role lipid membranes, to which the vast majority of drug target proteins are associated, can play in mediating the interaction between drug and target protein. This review paper is the second in a two-part series covering MD simulation as a tool in pharmaceutical research; both are designed as pedagogical review papers aimed at both pharmaceutical scientists interested in exploring how the tool of MD simulation can be applied to their research and computational scientists interested in exploring the possibility of a pharmaceutical context for their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Mykhailo Girych
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Alex Bunker
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
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Beserra FP, Gushiken LFS, Hussni MF, Ribeiro VP, Bonamin F, Jackson CJ, Pellizzon CH, Bastos JK. Artepillin C as an outstanding phenolic compound of Brazilian green propolis for disease treatment: A review on pharmacological aspects. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2274-2286. [PMID: 32935428 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Propolis is a viscous resin consisting of plant material (shoots, flowers, and plant exudates), salivary secretions and waxes produced by Apis mellifera bees. Its popular use aroused the interests of scientific research, which proved to be a potential source of various bioactive substances. The chemical composition of propolis depends on several factors, such as the different types of plant sources collected by bees, geographic origin, and the time of year in which they are produced, but it is known that phenolic represent the main bioactive constituents of propolis. Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae) is the most important botanical source of propolis and a native to southeastern Brazil. It is widely known as the green propolis because of its deep green color. One of its major phenolic acids is artepillin C (Art-C), a diprenyl-p-hydroxycinnamic acid derivative. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological effects of Art-C. The limited number of publications on this topic over the past two decades have been collected from databases and summarized. Numerous biological activities have been described for the Art-C, such as gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor. This article describes aspects of occurrence, synthesis, biological activities and pharmacokinetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pereira Beserra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Fernanda Hussni
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Pena Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Christopher John Jackson
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney (USYD) at Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cláudia Helena Pellizzon
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Shahinozzaman M, Basak B, Emran R, Rozario P, Obanda DN. Artepillin C: A comprehensive review of its chemistry, bioavailability, and pharmacological properties. Fitoterapia 2020; 147:104775. [PMID: 33152464 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Artepillin C (ARC), a prenylated derivative of p-coumaric acid, is one of the major phenolic compounds found in Brazilian green propolis (BGP) and its botanical source Baccharis dracunculifolia. Numerous studies on ARC show that its beneficial health effects correlate with the health effects of both BGP and B. dracunculifolia. Its wide range of pharmacological benefits include antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, gastroprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-cancer effects. Most studies have focused on anti-oxidation, inflammation, diabetic, and cancers using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. Mechanisms underlying anti-cancer properties of ARC are apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1), a protein characterized in many human diseases/disorders including COVID-19 infection. Therefore, further pre-clinical and clinical studies with ARC are necessary to explore its potential as intervention for a wide variety of diseases including the recent pandemic coronaviral infection. This review summarizes the comprehensive data on the pharmacological effects of ARC and could be a guideline for its future study and therapeutic usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahinozzaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Bristy Basak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Rashiduzzaman Emran
- Department of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Khamarbari, Farmgate, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Patricia Rozario
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Diana N Obanda
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Kobal MB, Pazin WM, Bistaffa MJ, Constantino CJ, Toledo KA, Aoki PH. Correlating Artepillin C cytotoxic activity on HEp-2 cells with bioinspired systems of plasma membranes. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 112:110943. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Camuri IJ, Costa AB, Ito AS, Pazin WM. pH and Charge Effects Behind the Interaction of Artepillin C, the Major Component of Green Propolis, With Amphiphilic Aggregates: Optical Absorption and Fluorescence Spectroscopy Studies. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:1345-1351. [DOI: 10.1111/php.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isamara Julia Camuri
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo (USP) Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Adriano Batista Costa
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo (USP) Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Amando Siuiti Ito
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo (USP) Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Wallance Moreira Pazin
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Technology São Paulo State University (UNESP) Presidente Prudente SP Brazil
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Xing J, Zhang X, Wang Z, Zhang H, Chen P, Zhou G, Sun C, Gu N, Ji M. Novel lipophilic SN38 prodrug forming stable liposomes for colorectal carcinoma therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5201-5213. [PMID: 31371956 PMCID: PMC6634269 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s204965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: SN38 (7-ethyl-10-hydroxy camptothecin), as a potent metabolite of irinotecan, is highly efficacious in cancer treatment. However, the clinical utility of SN38 has been greatly limited due to its undesirable properties, such as poor solubility and low stability. Materials and methods: In order to overcome these weaknesses, moeixitecan, a lipophilic SN38 prodrug containing a SN-38, a trolox, a succinic acid linker, and a hexadecanol chain, was loaded into liposomal nanoparticles by ethanol injection method. Results: Experiments showed that the moeixitecan-loaded liposomal nanoparticles (MLP) with a diameter of 105.10±1.49 nm have a satisfactory drug loading rate (90.54±0.41%), high solubility and stability, and showed sustained release of SN38. Notably, MLP exhibited better antitumor activity against human colon adenocarcinoma cells than irinotecan, a FDA-approved drug for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. Furthermore, xenograft model results showed that MLP outperformed irinotecan in terms of pharmacokinetics, in vivo therapeutic efficacy and safety. Finally, we used molecular dynamic simulations to explore the association between the structure of MLP and the physical and functional properties of MLP, moeixitecan molecules in MLP folded themselves inside the hydrocarbon chain of the lipid bilayer, which led an increased acyl chain order of the lipid bilayer, and therefore enhanced the lactone ring stability protecting it from hydrolysis. Conclusion: Our MLP constructing strategy by liposome engineering technology may serve a promising universal approach for the effective and safe delivery of lipophilic prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xing
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China.,School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Chia-Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanqing Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Chia-Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China.,School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoxin Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlong Sun
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256603, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China.,School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ji
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China.,School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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Pazin WM, Vilanova N, Voets IK, Soares AEE, Ito AS. Effects of artepillin C on model membranes displaying liquid immiscibility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8281. [PMID: 30916221 PMCID: PMC6437936 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that the therapeutic effects of artepillin C, a natural
compound derived from Brazilian green propolis, are likely related to its
partition in the lipid bilayer component of biological membranes. To test this
hypothesis, we investigated the effects of the major compound of green propolis,
artepillin C, on model membranes (small and giant unilamelar vesicles) composed
of ternary lipid mixtures containing cholesterol, which display liquid-ordered
(lo) and liquid-disordered (ld) phase coexistence.
Specifically, we explored potential changes in relevant membrane parameters upon
addition of artepillin C presenting both neutral and deprotonated states by
means of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), differential scanning calorimetry
(DSC), and confocal and multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy.
Thermotropic analysis obtained from DSC experiments indicated a loss in the
lipid cooperativity of lo phase at equilibrium conditions, while at
similar conditions spontaneous formation of unilamellar vesicles from SAXS
experiments showed that deprotonated artepillin C preferentially located at the
surface of the membrane. Time-resolved experiments using fluorescence microscopy
showed that at doses above 100 µM, artepillin C in its neutral state interacted
with both liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases, inducing curvature stress
and promoting dehydration at the membrane interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Pazin
- Departmento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.,Departmento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil
| | - N Vilanova
- Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - I K Voets
- Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - A E E Soares
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - A S Ito
- Departmento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Pazin WM, Ruiz GCM, Oliveira OND, Constantino CJL. Interaction of Artepillin C with model membranes: Effects of pH and ionic strength. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:410-417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Torres AR, Sandjo LP, Friedemann MT, Tomazzoli MM, Maraschin M, Mello CF, Santos ARS. Chemical characterization, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of propolis obtained from Melipona quadrifasciata quadrifasciata and Tetragonisca angustula stingless bees. Braz J Med Biol Res 2018; 51:e7118. [PMID: 29791598 PMCID: PMC6002130 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the chemical composition, and antioxidant and antibacterial properties of ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) from Melipona quadrifasciata quadrifasciata and Tetragonisca angustula. Chemical composition of EEP was determined by colorimetry and chromatographic (HPLC-DAD and UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS) analysis. Antimicrobial activity of EEP was evaluated against gram-positive (S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, E. faecalis) and gram-negative (E. coli and K. pneumoniae) bacteria by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) test using the microdilution method. Furthermore, the growth curve and integrity of cell membrane of S. aureus and E. coli were investigated using standard microbiological methods. HPLC-DAD analysis showed that the EEP of M. quadrifasciata quadrifasciata has a more complex chemical composition than the EEP of T. angustula. Moreover, UPLC-MS analyses of M. quadrifasciata quadrifascita indicated flavonoids and terpenes as major constituents. The bactericidal activity of both EEPs was higher against gram-positive bacteria than for gram-negative bacteria. The EEP from M. quadrifasciata quadrifasciata presented MIC values lower than the EEP from T. angustula for all tested bacteria. The EEP from M. quadrifasciata quadrifasciata caused lysis of the bacterial wall and release of intracellular components from both E. coli and S. aureus. Our findings indicate that the chemical composition of propolis from stingless bees is complex and depends on the species. The extract from M. quadrifasciata quadrifascita was more effective against gram-positive than gram-negative strains, especially against S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus compared to T. angustula extract, by a mechanism that involves disturbance of the bacterial cell membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Torres
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - L P Sandjo
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - M T Friedemann
- Laboratorio de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - M M Tomazzoli
- Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - M Maraschin
- Laboratório de Morfogênese e Bioquímica Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - C F Mello
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - A R S Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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Stunges GM, Martin CS, Ruiz GC, Oliveira ON, Constantino CJ, Alessio P. Interaction between 17 α-ethynylestradiol hormone with Langmuir monolayers: The role of charged headgroups. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 158:627-633. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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