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Khalid KE. Association of Hematological and Biochemical Parameters and HLA-DRB1 Alleles With Anti-cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Autoantibodies in Sudanese Rheumatic Patients. Cureus 2024; 16:e58551. [PMID: 38765443 PMCID: PMC11102094 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) are crucial for the diagnosis and prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and are associated with class II HLA-DRB1 alleles. The study's goal was to determine how DRB1 alleles and hematological and biochemical parameters affect ACPA production in RA patients from Sudan. Methods The study analyzed the hematological and biochemical parameters and the frequency of HLA-DRB1 alleles in 120 RA patients and 100 controls. Automated analyzers, ELISA, the latex agglutination test, and the Westergren method were utilized for hematological and biochemical testing. HLA class II alleles were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). The student's t-test and the chi-square (Χ2) test were employed to identify significant alterations between the examined parameters and allele frequencies. Results A total of 51.7% of 120 RA patients tested positive for ACPA (ACPA+). Among those patients, the DRB1*04 and *10 alleles were significantly more prevalent (22.2% vs. 8.9%, P = 0.048 and 23.8% vs. 8.9%, P = 0.030, respectively). RA patients had significantly higher counts of platelet count test (PLT; P = 0.011), lymphocytes (LY; P = 0.000), neutrophils (NE; P = 0.025), monocytes (MO; P = 0.000), eosinophils (EO; P = 0.000), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR; P = 0.006), C-reactive protein (CRP; P = 0.000), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; P = 0.000) than controls. Patients also showed low counts of red blood cells (RBC; P = 0.003), hemoglobin (Hb; P = 0.024), mean platelet volume (MPV; P = 0.000), and basophils (BA; P = 0.048). ACPA+ RA patients had elevated white blood cells (WBC; P = 0.046), PLT (P = 0.029), and low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC; P = 0.022). The hematological and biochemical parameters of ACPA+ RA patients with the DRB1*04 or *10 alleles did not differ significantly. Conclusions We found significant differences in hematological and biochemical parameters between RA patients and controls that had nothing to do with ACPA positivity or the frequency of DRB1*04 or *10 alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid E Khalid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medicla Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, SAU
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Royaei M, Tahoori MT, Bardania H, Shams A, Dehghan A. Amelioration of inflammation through reduction of oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis by treating fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) with DMF-loaded PLGA nanoparticles. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111617. [PMID: 38309093 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory condition, and Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is known for inducing antioxidant enzymes and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) contribute to joint damage by releasing interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) in response to ROS. Given ROS's impact on FLS acquiring an invasive phenotype, our study explored the effects of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles containing DMF on the expression of the HO-1 enzyme and the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in FLS cells. METHODS In this study, we evaluated and compared the impact of Free-DMF and PLGA-DMF, on the gene expression of the HO-1 and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) in FLS cells derived from 13 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. qRT-PCR method was used to quantify the gene expression levels. RESULTS PLGA-DMF nanoparticles demonstrated a significant increase in HO-1 expression and a significant decrease in IL-1β gene expression. Also, a significant decrease in IL-6 gene expression was seen under the effect of Free-DMF. These results indicate the potential effectiveness of PLGA-DMF nanoparticles in reducing inflammation and improving rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. DISCUSSION According to the findings, PLGA-DMF nanoparticles are expected to be effective in reducing inflammation and improving the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Also, further studies on other factors affected by oxidative stress such as cell invasion factors and survival factors after the effect of PLGA-DMF nanoparticle are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Royaei
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taher Tahoori
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran; Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Hassan Bardania
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran; Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Sajad Hospital, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
| | - Ali Shams
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Dehghan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Zhao J, Wei K, Shi Y, Jiang P, Xu L, Chang C, Xu L, Zheng Y, Shan Y, Liu J, Li L, Guo S, Schrodi SJ, Wang R, He D. Identification of immunological characterization and Anoikis-related molecular clusters in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1202371. [PMID: 38046810 PMCID: PMC10691379 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1202371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the potential association between Anoikis-related genes, which are responsible for preventing abnormal cellular proliferation, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: Datasets GSE89408, GSE198520, and GSE97165 were obtained from the GEO with 282 RA patients and 28 healthy controls. We performed differential analysis of all genes and HLA genes. We performed a protein-protein interaction network analysis and identified hub genes based on STRING and cytoscape. Consistent clustering was performed with subgrouping of the disease. SsGSEA were used to calculate immune cell infiltration. Spearman's correlation analysis was employed to identify correlations. Enrichment scores of the GO and KEGG were calculated with the ssGSEA algorithm. The WGCNA and the DGIdb database were used to mine hub genes' interactions with drugs. Results: There were 26 differentially expressed Anoikis-related genes (FDR = 0.05, log2FC = 1) and HLA genes exhibited differential expression (P < 0.05) between the disease and control groups. Protein-protein interaction was observed among differentially expressed genes, and the correlation between PIM2 and RAC2 was found to be the highest; There were significant differences in the degree of immune cell infiltration between most of the immune cell types in the disease group and normal controls (P < 0.05). Anoikis-related genes were highly correlated with HLA genes. Based on the expression of Anoikis-related genes, RA patients were divided into two disease subtypes (cluster1 and cluster2). There were 59 differentially expressed Anoikis-related genes found, which exhibited significant differences in functional enrichment, immune cell infiltration degree, and HLA gene expression (P < 0.05). Cluster2 had significantly higher levels in all aspects than cluster1 did. The co-expression network analysis showed that cluster1 had 51 hub differentially expressed genes and cluster2 had 72 hub differentially expressed genes. Among them, three hub genes of cluster1 were interconnected with 187 drugs, and five hub genes of cluster2 were interconnected with 57 drugs. Conclusion: Our study identified a link between Anoikis-related genes and RA, and two distinct subtypes of RA were determined based on Anoikis-related gene expression. Notably, cluster2 may represent a more severe state of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhao
- 1Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wei
- 1Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Shi
- 1Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- 1Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxia Xu
- 1Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cen Chang
- 1Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linshuai Xu
- 1Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Zheng
- 1Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Shan
- 1Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Liu
- 1Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- 1Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WIUnited States
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Steven J. Schrodi
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WIUnited States
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rongsheng Wang
- 1Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyi He
- 1Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
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Pedersen JM, Hansen AS, Skejø C, Juul-Madsen K, Junker P, Hørslev-Petersen K, Hetland ML, Stengaard-Pedersen K, Østergaard M, Møller BK, Dreyer L, Hauge EM, Hvid M, Greisen S, Deleuran B. Lymphocyte activation gene 3 is increased and affects cytokine production in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:97. [PMID: 37287025 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) inhibits T cell activation and interferes with the immune response by binding to MHC-II. As antigen presentation is central in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis, we studied aspects of LAG-3 as a serological marker and mediator in the pathogenesis of RA. Since Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is described as an additional binding partner for LAG-3, we also aimed to study the functional importance of this interaction. METHODS Plasma levels of soluble (s) LAG-3 were measured in early RA patients (eRA, n = 99) at baseline and after 12 months on a treat-to-target protocol, in self-reportedly healthy controls (HC, n = 32), and in paired plasma and synovial fluid (SF) from chronic RA patients (cRA, n = 38). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) were examined for LAG-3 expression by flow cytometry. The binding and functional outcomes of LAG-3 and Gal-3 interaction were assessed with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and in cell cultures using rh-LAG3, an antagonistic LAG-3 antibody and a Gal-3 inhibitor. RESULTS Baseline sLAG-3 in the plasma was increased in eRA compared to HC and remained significantly elevated throughout 12 months of treatment. A high level of sLAG-3 at baseline was associated with the presence of IgM-RF and anti-CCP as well as radiographic progression. In cRA, sLAG-3 was significantly increased in SF compared with plasma, and LAG-3 was primarily expressed by activated T cells in SFMCs compared to PBMCs. Adding recombinant human LAG-3 to RA cell cultures resulted in decreased cytokine secretion, whereas blocking LAG-3 with an antagonistic antibody resulted in increased cytokine secretion. By SPR, we found a dose-dependent binding between LAG-3 and Gal-3. However, inhibiting Gal-3 in cultures did not further change cytokine production. CONCLUSIONS sLAG-3 in the plasma and synovial fluid is increased in both early and chronic RA patients, particularly in the inflamed joint. High levels of sLAG-3 are associated with autoantibody seropositivity and radiographic progression in eRA, and LAG-3 plays a biologically active role in cRA by decreasing inflammatory cytokine production. This functional outcome is not affected by Gal-3 interference. Our results suggest that LAG-3 is a faceted regulator of inflammation in early and chronic RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janni Maria Pedersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 6, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Department of Acute Medicine and Trauma Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Aida Solhøj Hansen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 6, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Cæcilie Skejø
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 6, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kristian Juul-Madsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 6, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Junker
- Department of Rheumatology C, Odense University Hospital & Institute for Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kim Hørslev-Petersen
- Danish Hospital for the Rheumatic Diseases, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Merete Lund Hetland
- DANBIO and Copenhagen Centre for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mikkel Østergaard
- DANBIO and Copenhagen Centre for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Kuno Møller
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lene Dreyer
- Center for Rheumatic Research Aalborg, Department of Rheumatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ellen-Margrethe Hauge
- Department of Acute Medicine and Trauma Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Malene Hvid
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 6, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stinne Greisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 6, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 6, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Moustakas AK, Nguyen H, James EA, Papadopoulos GK. Autoimmune susceptible HLA class II motifs facilitate the presentation of modified neoepitopes to potentially autoreactive T cells. Cell Immunol 2023; 390:104729. [PMID: 37301094 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and celiac disease (CD), are strongly associated with susceptible HLA class II haplotypes. The peptide-binding pockets of these molecules are polymorphic, thus each HLA class II protein presents a distinct set of peptides to CD4+ T cells. Peptide diversity is increased through post-translational modifications, generating non-templated sequences that enhance HLA binding and/or T cell recognition. The high-risk HLA-DR alleles that confer susceptibility to RA are notable for their ability to accommodate citrulline, promoting responses to citrullinated self-antigens. Likewise, HLA-DQ alleles associated with T1D and CD favor the binding of deamidated peptides. In this review, we discuss structural features that promote modified self-epitope presentation, provide evidence supporting the relevance of T cell recognition of such antigens in disease processes, and make a case that interrupting the pathways that generate such epitopes and reprogramming neoepitope-specific T cells are key strategies for effective therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis K Moustakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Ionian University, GR26100 Argostoli, Cephalonia, Greece
| | - Hai Nguyen
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eddie A James
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - George K Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Biochemistry, Bioprocessing and Bioproducts, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Epirus, GR47100 Arta, Greece
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Rheumatoid arthritis and non-coding RNAs; how to trigger inflammation. Life Sci 2023; 315:121367. [PMID: 36639050 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic and chronic inflammatory disease categorized by continuous synovitis in the joints and systemic inflammatory responses that can cause lifelong disability. The major cause of RA is the dysregulation of the immune response. The development of RA disease includes multiplex association of several interleukins and cells, which leads to synovial cell growth, cartilage and bone damage. The primary stage of RA disease is related to the modification of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, which leads to the formation of autoantibodies. This process results in many damaged molecules and epitope spreading. Both the innate (e.g., dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils) and acquired immune cells (e.g., T and B lymphocytes) will increase and continue the chronic inflammatory condition in the next stages of the RA disease. In recent years, non-coding RNAs have been proved as significant controllers of biological functions, especially immune cell expansion and reactions. Non-coding RNAs were primarily containing microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA). Various studies confirmed non-coding RNAs as hopeful markers for diagnosing and curing RA. This review will describe and cover existing knowledge about RA pathogenesis, which might be favorable for discovering possible ncRNA markers for RA.
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Efficient gene-environment interaction testing through bootstrap aggregating. Sci Rep 2023; 13:937. [PMID: 36650248 PMCID: PMC9845231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene-environment (GxE) interactions are an important and sophisticated component in the manifestation of complex phenotypes. Simple univariate tests lack statistical power due to the need for multiple testing adjustment and not incorporating potential interplay between several genetic loci. Approaches based on internally constructed genetic risk scores (GRS) require the partitioning of the available sample into training and testing data sets, thus, lowering the effective sample size for testing the GxE interaction itself. To overcome these issues, we propose a statistical test that employs bagging (bootstrap aggregating) in the GRS construction step and utilizes its out-of-bag prediction mechanism. This approach has the key advantage that the full available data set can be used for both constructing the GRS and testing the GxE interaction. To also incorporate interactions between genetic loci, we, furthermore, investigate if using random forests as the GRS construction method in GxE interaction testing further increases the statistical power. In a simulation study, we show that both novel procedures lead to a higher statistical power for detecting GxE interactions, while still controlling the type I error. The random-forests-based test outperforms a bagging-based test that uses the elastic net as its base learner in most scenarios. An application of the testing procedures to a real data set from a German cohort study suggests that there might be a GxE interaction involving exposure to air pollution regarding rheumatoid arthritis.
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Ferrero PV, Onofrio LI, Acosta CDV, Zacca ER, Ponce NE, Mussano E, Onetti LB, Cadile II, Costantino AB, Werner ML, Mas LA, Alvarellos T, Montes CL, Acosta Rodríguez EV, Gruppi A. Dynamics of circulating follicular helper T cell subsets and follicular regulatory T cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients according to HLA-DRB1 locus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1000982. [PMID: 36582249 PMCID: PMC9793086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells, follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells are part of a circuit that may play a role in the development or progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). With the aim of providing further insight into this topic, here we evaluated the frequency of different subsets of Tfh and Tfr in untreated and long-term treated RA patients from a cohort of Argentina, and their potential association with particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-II variants and disease activity. We observed that the frequency of total Tfh cells as well as of particular Tfh subsets and Tfr cells were increased in seropositive untreated RA patients. Interestingly, when analyzing paired samples, the frequency of Tfh cells was reduced in synovial fluid compared to peripheral blood, while Tfr cells levels were similar in both biological fluids. After treatment, a decrease in the CCR7loPD1hi Tfh subset and an increase in the frequency of Tfr cells was observed in blood. In comparison to healthy donors, seropositive patients with moderate and high disease activity exhibited higher frequency of Tfh cells while seropositive patients with low disease activity presented higher Tfr cell frequency. Finally, we observed that HLA-DRB1*09 presence correlated with higher frequency of Tfh and Tfr cells, while HLA-DRB1*04 was associated with increased Tfr cell frequency. Together, our results increase our knowledge about the dynamics of Tfh and Tfr cell subsets in RA, showing that this is altered after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola V. Ferrero
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luisina I. Onofrio
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cristina del Valle Acosta
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Estefania R. Zacca
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolas E. Ponce
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Mussano
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura B. Onetti
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ignacio I. Cadile
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alicia B. Costantino
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marina L. Werner
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luciana A. Mas
- Laboratorio de Histocompatibilidad, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba e Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Teresita Alvarellos
- Laboratorio de Histocompatibilidad, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba e Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina L. Montes
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eva V. Acosta Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina,*Correspondence: Adriana Gruppi, ; Eva V. Acosta Rodríguez,
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina,*Correspondence: Adriana Gruppi, ; Eva V. Acosta Rodríguez,
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Li K, Wang M, Zhao L, Liu Y, Zhang X. ACPA-negative rheumatoid arthritis: From immune mechanisms to clinical translation. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104233. [PMID: 36027873 PMCID: PMC9404277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of anti-citrullinated protein autoantibodies (ACPA) is a hallmark feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which causes chronic joint destruction and systemic inflammation. Based on ACPA status, RA patients can be sub-grouped into two major subsets: ACPA-positive RA (ACPA+ RA) and ACPA-negative RA (ACPA– RA). Accumulating evidence have suggested that ACPA+ RA and ACPA– RA are two distinct disease entities with different underlying pathophysiology. In contrast to the well-characterized pathogenic mechanisms of ACPA+ RA, the etiology of ACPA– RA remains largely unknown. In this review, we summarized current knowledge about the primary drivers of ACPA– RA, particularly focusing on the serological, cellular, and molecular aspects of immune mechanisms. A better understanding of the immunopathogenesis in ACPA– RA will help in designing more precisely targeting strategies, and paving the road to personalized treatment. In addition, identification of novel biomarkers in ACPA– RA will substantially promote early treatment and improve the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketian Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Lidan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China.
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10
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Ibrahim AM, Hassan NM, Saad MN, Mabrouk MS, Shaker OG. A genetic study of the association of six polymorphisms with rheumatoid arthritis in the Egyptian population. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the tissues of the joints by mistake. Different factors—either genetic or environmental—affect the development of the RA disease in patients. A lot of studies aimed to examine the genetic associations with this disease in different populations. This research aspires to perform a genetic association study between six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and RA disease in the Egyptian population with 49 controls and 52 patients. The SNPs that are included in this study are MIR146A rs2910164 (C:G), MIR499/MIR499A rs3746444 (T:C), MTMR3 rs12537(C:T), MIR155HG rs767649 (A:T), IRAK1 rs3027898 (A:C) and PADI4 rs1748033 (C:T).
Methods
Real-time PCR with TaqMan allelic discrimination assay were both used to perform the genotyping. The Odds ratio models with 95% confidence interval were used to test the associations. The used models are multiplicative, recessive, dominant and co-dominant.
Result
The demonstrated results indicated that rs2910164 and rs12537 were associated with RA, while rs3746444 showed no association in all the tested models. The remaining SNPs were excluded as they didn't pass the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test.
Conclusion
The MIR146A and MTMR3 polymorphisms showed susceptibility to RA. Moreover, MIR499/MIR499A had no role in the disease.
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11
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Moten D, Teneva I, Apostolova D, Batsalova T, Dzhambazov B. Molecular Mimicry of the Rheumatoid Arthritis-Related Immunodominant T-Cell Epitope within Type II Collagen (CII260-270) by the Bacterial L-Asparaginase. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169149. [PMID: 36012429 PMCID: PMC9408948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of most autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), remains unclear. Both genetic and environmental factors are believed to be involved in pathogenesis. Molecular mimicry is considered one of the mechanisms for the occurrence of autoimmune diseases. The aim of the study was to determine whether the bacterial peptide L-ASNase67-81, which mimics the immunodominant T-cell epitope CII259-273, can induce T-cell reactivity in blood samples from RA patients and healthy subjects through molecular mimicry. Using bioinformatic molecular modeling methods, we first determined whether the L-ASNase67-81 peptide binds to the HLA-DRB1*04:01 molecule and whether the formed MHCII–peptide complex interacts with the corresponding T-cell receptor. To validate the obtained results, leukocytes isolated from early RA patients and healthy individuals were stimulated in vitro with L-ASNase67-81 and CII259-273 peptides as well as with bacterial L-asparaginase or human type II collagen (huCII). The activated T cells (CD4+CD154+) were analyzed by flow cytometry (FACS), and the levels of cytokines produced (IL-2, IL-17A/F, and IFN-γ) were measured by ELISA. Our in silico analyses showed that the bacterial peptide L-ASNase67-81 binds better to HLA-DRB1*04:01 compared to the immunodominant T-cell epitope CII259-273, mimicking its structure and localization in the binding groove of MHCII. Six contact points were involved in the molecular interaction of the peptide with the TCR. FACS data showed that after in vitro stimulation with the L-ASNase67-81 peptide, the percentage of activated T cells (CD154+CD4+) was significantly increased in both cell cultures isolated from ERA patients and those isolated from healthy individuals, as higher values were observed for the ERA group (9.92 ± 0.23 vs. 4.82 ± 0.22). Furthermore, the ELISA assays revealed that after stimulation with L-ASNase67-81, a significant increase in the production of the cytokines IL-2, IL-17A/F, and IFN-γ was detected in the group of ERA patients. Our data showed that the bacterial L-ASNase67-81 peptide can mimic the immunodominant T-cell epitope CII259-273 and activate HLA-DRB1*04:01-restricted T cells as well as induce cytokine production in cells isolated from ERA patients. These results are the first to demonstrate that a specific bacterial antigen could play a role in the pathogenesis of RA, mimicking the immunodominant T-cell epitope from type II collagen.
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12
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Scavuzzi BM, van Drongelen V, Holoshitz J. HLA-G and the MHC Cusp Theory. Front Immunol 2022; 13:814967. [PMID: 35281038 PMCID: PMC8913506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.814967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are significant genetic risk factors in a long list of diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain elusive in many cases. The best-characterized function of classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens is to allow safe presentation of antigenic peptides via a self/non-self-discrimination process. Therefore, most hypotheses to date have posited that the observed associations between certain HLA molecules and human diseases involve antigen presentation (AP). However, these hypotheses often represent inconsistencies with current knowledge. To offer answers to the inconsistencies, a decade ago we have invoked the MHC Cusp theory, postulating that in addition to its main role in AP, the MHC codes for allele-specific molecules that act as ligands in a conformationally-conserved cusp-like fold, which upon interaction with cognate receptors can trigger MHC-associated diseases. In the ensuing years, we have provided empirical evidence that substantiates the theory in several HLA-Class II-associated autoimmune diseases. Notably, in a recent study we have demonstrated that HLA-DRB1 alleles known to protect against several autoimmune diseases encode a protective epitope at the cusp region, which activates anti-inflammatory signaling leading to transcriptional and functional modulatory effects. Relevant to the topic of this session, cusp ligands demonstrate several similarities to the functional effects of HLA-G. The overall goal of this opinion article is to delineate the parallels and distinctive features of the MHC Cusp theory with structural and functional aspects of HLA-G molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent van Drongelen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Joseph Holoshitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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13
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Lau M, Wigmann C, Kress S, Schikowski T, Schwender H. Evaluation of tree-based statistical learning methods for constructing genetic risk scores. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:97. [PMID: 35313824 PMCID: PMC8935722 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04634-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic risk scores (GRS) summarize genetic features such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a single statistic with respect to a given trait. So far, GRS are typically built using generalized linear models or regularized extensions. However, these linear methods are usually not able to incorporate gene-gene interactions or non-linear SNP-response relationships. Tree-based statistical learning methods such as random forests and logic regression may be an alternative to such regularized-regression-based methods and are investigated in this article. Moreover, we consider modifications of random forests and logic regression for the construction of GRS. Results In an extensive simulation study and an application to a real data set from a German cohort study, we show that both tree-based approaches can outperform elastic net when constructing GRS for binary traits. Especially a modification of logic regression called logic bagging could induce comparatively high predictive power as measured by the area under the curve and the statistical power. Even when considering no epistatic interaction effects but only marginal genetic effects, the regularized regression method lead in most cases to inferior results. Conclusions When constructing GRS, we recommend taking random forests and logic bagging into account, in particular, if it can be assumed that possibly unknown epistasis between SNPs is present. To develop the best possible prediction models, extensive joint hyperparameter optimizations should be conducted. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-022-04634-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lau
- Mathematical Institute, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Claudia Wigmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sara Kress
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Schwender
- Mathematical Institute, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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14
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Amaral-Silva D, Gonçalves R, Torrão RC, Torres R, Falcão S, Gonçalves MJ, Araújo MP, Martins MJ, Lopes C, Neto A, Marona J, Costa T, Castelão W, Silva AB, Silva I, Lourenço MH, Mateus M, Gonçalves NP, Manica S, Costa M, Pimentel-Santos FM, Mourão AF, Branco JC, Soares H. Direct tissue-sensing reprograms TLR4 + Tfh-like cells inflammatory profile in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1135. [PMID: 34580414 PMCID: PMC8476501 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells mediate rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis through both antibody-dependent and independent mechanisms. It remains unclear how synovial microenvironment impinges on CD4+ T cells pathogenic functions. Here, we identified a TLR4+ follicular helper T (Tfh) cell-like population present in the blood and expanded in synovial fluid. TLR4+ T cells possess a two-pronged pathogenic activity whereby direct TLR4+ engagement by endogenous ligands in the arthritic joint reprograms them from an IL-21 response, known to sponsor antibody production towards an IL-17 inflammatory program recognized to fuel tissue damage. Ex vivo, synovial fluid TLR4+ T cells produced IL-17, but not IL-21. Blocking TLR4 signaling with a specific inhibitor impaired IL-17 production in response to synovial fluid recognition. Mechanistically, we unveiled that T-cell HLA-DR regulates their TLR4 expression. TLR4+ T cells appear to uniquely reconcile an ability to promote systemic antibody production with a local synovial driven tissue damage program. In order to identify how the synovial microenvironment impinges on CD4+ T cells pathogenic functions in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Amaral-Silva examined RA patient blood and synovial fluif and identified the presence of a TLR4+ follicular helper T (Tfh) cell-like population. They provided mechanistic insight into how TLR4+ T cells uniquely reconcile an ability to promote systemic antibody production with a local synovial driven-tissue damage program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Amaral-Silva
- Human Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Group, Lisboa, Portugal
- grid.10772.330000000121511713iNOVA4Health | CEDOC, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rute Gonçalves
- Human Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Group, Lisboa, Portugal
- grid.10772.330000000121511713iNOVA4Health | CEDOC, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita C. Torrão
- Human Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Group, Lisboa, Portugal
- grid.10772.330000000121511713iNOVA4Health | CEDOC, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Torres
- grid.10772.330000000121511713iNOVA4Health | CEDOC, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
- grid.414462.10000 0001 1009 677XHospital Egas Moniz, Rua da Junqueira n° 126, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatological Diseases Laboratory, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Falcão
- grid.10772.330000000121511713iNOVA4Health | CEDOC, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
- grid.414462.10000 0001 1009 677XHospital Egas Moniz, Rua da Junqueira n° 126, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatological Diseases Laboratory, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria João Gonçalves
- grid.414462.10000 0001 1009 677XHospital Egas Moniz, Rua da Junqueira n° 126, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Araújo
- grid.414462.10000 0001 1009 677XHospital Egas Moniz, Rua da Junqueira n° 126, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria José Martins
- grid.414462.10000 0001 1009 677XHospital Egas Moniz, Rua da Junqueira n° 126, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carina Lopes
- grid.414462.10000 0001 1009 677XHospital Egas Moniz, Rua da Junqueira n° 126, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Agna Neto
- grid.10772.330000000121511713iNOVA4Health | CEDOC, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
- grid.414462.10000 0001 1009 677XHospital Egas Moniz, Rua da Junqueira n° 126, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatological Diseases Laboratory, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Marona
- grid.414462.10000 0001 1009 677XHospital Egas Moniz, Rua da Junqueira n° 126, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Costa
- grid.414462.10000 0001 1009 677XHospital Egas Moniz, Rua da Junqueira n° 126, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Walter Castelão
- grid.414462.10000 0001 1009 677XHospital Egas Moniz, Rua da Junqueira n° 126, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Bento Silva
- grid.414462.10000 0001 1009 677XHospital Egas Moniz, Rua da Junqueira n° 126, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Silva
- grid.414462.10000 0001 1009 677XHospital Egas Moniz, Rua da Junqueira n° 126, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Lourenço
- grid.414462.10000 0001 1009 677XHospital Egas Moniz, Rua da Junqueira n° 126, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida Mateus
- grid.414462.10000 0001 1009 677XHospital Egas Moniz, Rua da Junqueira n° 126, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Pina Gonçalves
- grid.10772.330000000121511713iNOVA4Health | CEDOC, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
- grid.414462.10000 0001 1009 677XHospital Egas Moniz, Rua da Junqueira n° 126, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatological Diseases Laboratory, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Santiago Manica
- grid.10772.330000000121511713iNOVA4Health | CEDOC, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
- grid.414462.10000 0001 1009 677XHospital Egas Moniz, Rua da Junqueira n° 126, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatological Diseases Laboratory, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuela Costa
- grid.414462.10000 0001 1009 677XHospital Egas Moniz, Rua da Junqueira n° 126, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernando M. Pimentel-Santos
- grid.10772.330000000121511713iNOVA4Health | CEDOC, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
- grid.414462.10000 0001 1009 677XHospital Egas Moniz, Rua da Junqueira n° 126, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatological Diseases Laboratory, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Mourão
- grid.10772.330000000121511713iNOVA4Health | CEDOC, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
- grid.414462.10000 0001 1009 677XHospital Egas Moniz, Rua da Junqueira n° 126, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatological Diseases Laboratory, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jaime C. Branco
- grid.414462.10000 0001 1009 677XHospital Egas Moniz, Rua da Junqueira n° 126, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatological Diseases Laboratory, Lisboa, Portugal
- grid.10772.330000000121511713CHRC|CEDOC, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Soares
- Human Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Group, Lisboa, Portugal
- grid.10772.330000000121511713iNOVA4Health | CEDOC, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Rua do Instituto Bacteriológico 5, Lisboa, Portugal
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15
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Issilbayeva A, Kushugulova A, Meiramova A, Kozhakhmetov S, Akhmetova Z, Nurgaziyev M, Chulenbayeva L, Babenko D, Kunz J, Ainabekova B. Epidemiological Trends of Rheumatoid Arthritis and PADI4, PTPN22, and HLA-DRB9 Genes Distribution in the Kazakhstan Population. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is 1% in the global population. The lack of epidemiological studies in developing countries makes it difficult to obtain a complete global epidemiological picture of RA. RA develops due to the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors, though the contribution of these factors to the various disease occurrence seen in different populations is unclear.
AIM: The aim of our study was to analyze the dynamics of the general prevalence and incidence of RA among the population of Kazakhstan in 2017–2019 as well as to investigate the three most common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of RA in the Kazakhstan population.
METHODS: The analysis of statistical data on Form 12 “On the health of the people and the health care system” was carried out. Prevalence and incidence rates were calculated according to generally accepted rules. Demographic data for the Republic of Kazakhstan were obtained from the official website stat.gov.kz. Our study included 70 RA patients and 113 control subjects. Blood samples were collected and genotyped for peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4), protein tyrosine phosphatase 22, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB9 SNPs by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS: The prevalence of RA in Kazakhstan in 2017–2019 was 0.36–0.38%, with an incidence rate of 0.085–0.087%, which can be comparable to data of other countries in Central Asia. The allele and genotypes frequency analyses were carried out between patients and controls. The HLA-DRB9 showed significant association of the G allele odds ratio (OR) 1.96 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.252–3.081), p= 0.0025 and G/G genotype OR = 3.67 (95% CI: 1.58–8.54), p = 0.00162 with RA in our sample. Strong association between anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) profile and PADI4 (OR 12.19 [95% CI: 2.19–67.94], p = 0.00115) was found.
CONCLUSION: There was an increase in RA prevalence with age among females and a higher crude prevalence and incidence of RA in the southern regions of Kazakhstan. HLA-DRB9 prevailed in Kazakhstani patients with RA, PADI4 showed association with ACPA-positive RA. Further studies on larger samples are required to confirm our obtained results.
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16
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Zhao LP, Papadopoulos GK, Lybrand TP, Moustakas AK, Bondinas GP, Carlsson A, Larsson HE, Ludvigsson J, Marcus C, Persson M, Samuelsson U, Wang R, Pyo CW, Nelson WC, Geraghty DE, Rich SS, Lernmark Å. The KAG motif of HLA-DRB1 (β71, β74, β86) predicts seroconversion and development of type 1 diabetes. EBioMedicine 2021; 69:103431. [PMID: 34153873 PMCID: PMC8220560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HLA-DR4, a common antigen of HLA-DRB1, has multiple subtypes that are strongly associated with risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, some are risk neutral or resistant. The pathobiological mechanism of HLA-DR4 subtypes remains to be elucidated. METHODS We used a population-based case-control study of T1D (962 patients and 636 controls) to decipher genetic associations of HLA-DR4 subtypes and specific residues with susceptibility to T1D. Using a birth cohort of 7865 children with periodically measured islet autoantibodies (GADA, IAA or IA-2A), we proposed to validate discovered genetic associations with a totally different study design and time-to-seroconversions prior to clinical onset of T1D. A novel analytic strategy hierarchically organized the HLA-DRB1 alleles by sequence similarity and identified critical amino acid residues by minimizing local genomic architecture and higher-order interactions. FINDINGS Three amino acid residues of HLA-DRB1 (β71, β74, β86) were found to be predictive of T1D risk in the population-based study. The "KAG" motif, corresponding to HLA-DRB1×04:01, was most strongly associated with T1D risk ([O]dds [R]atio=3.64, p = 3.19 × 10-64). Three less frequent motifs ("EAV", OR = 2.55, p = 0.025; "RAG", OR = 1.93, p = 0.043; and "RAV", OR = 1.56, p = 0.003) were associated with T1D risk, while two motifs ("REG" and "REV") were equally protective (OR = 0.11, p = 4.23 × 10-4). In an independent birth cohort of HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 subjects, those having the "KAG" motif had increased risk for time-to-seroconversion (Hazard Ratio = 1.74, p = 6.51 × 10-14) after adjusting potential confounders. INTERPRETATIONS DNA sequence variation in HLA-DRB1 at positions β71, β74, and β86 are non-conservative (β74 A→E, β71 E vs K vs R and β86 G vs V). They result in substantial differences in peptide antigen anchor pocket preferences at p1, p4 and potentially neighboring regions such as pocket p7. Differential peptide antigen binding is likely to be affected. These sequence substitutions may account for most of the HLA-DR4 contribution to T1D risk as illustrated in two HLA-peptide model complexes of the T1D autoantigens preproinsulin and GAD65. FUNDING National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the Swedish Child Diabetes Foundation and the Swedish Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lue Ping Zhao
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - George K Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Biochemistry, Biomaterials and Bioprocessing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Epirus, Arta GR47100, Greece.
| | - Terry P Lybrand
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Antonis K Moustakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Ionian University, Argostoli GR26100, Cephalonia, Greece
| | - George P Bondinas
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Biochemistry, Biomaterials and Bioprocessing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Epirus, Arta GR47100, Greece
| | - Annelie Carlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena Elding Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University CRC, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Crown Princess Victoria Children´s Hospital and Div of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Claude Marcus
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Karolinska Institutet and Institution of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martina Persson
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiological Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Samuelsson
- Crown Princess Victoria Children´s Hospital and Div of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ruihan Wang
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Chul-Woo Pyo
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Wyatt C Nelson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Daniel E Geraghty
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, PO Box 800717, MSB Room 3232, 1300 Jefferson Park Ave, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States.
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University CRC, Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden.
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Prajzlerová K, Kryštůfková O, Komarc M, Mann H, Hulejová H, Petrovská N, Gregová M, Hánová P, Pavelka K, Vencovský J, Šenolt L, Filková M. The dysregulation of monocyte subpopulations in individuals at risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:1823-1831. [PMID: 33119082 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Individuals carrying antibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPA) are at high risk of developing RA. EULAR provided a clinical definition of individuals with arthralgia suspicious for progression to RA (clinically suspect arthralgia, CSA). The alteration of monocyte subpopulations in patients with established RA has been previously described. We analysed peripheral blood monocyte subpopulations in individuals with arthralgia at risk of RA. METHODS We included 70 at-risk individuals, defined as having arthralgia without arthritis and being either ACPA+ or meeting the clinical CSA definition, 23 patients with early RA (ERA) and 19 healthy controls (HCs). Monocytes classified as classical (CD14++CD16-), intermediate (CD14++CD16+/++) and nonclassical (CD14-/+CD16++) were analysed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Of the 70 at-risk individuals, 46 were ACPA+ and 45 met the CSA definition. The at-risk individuals and, especially, ERA patients had a lower percentage of classical monocytes and a higher percentage of nonclassical monocytes than the HCs. ACPA positivity had no effect on the difference in the distribution of the monocyte subsets between at-risk individuals and ERA patients, but a difference was determined in those reaching the ERA phase. However, when compared with HCs, the shift of monocyte subsets was more significant in ACPA+ than in ACPA- individuals with arthralgia. This trend was observed in individuals who did not meet the CSA definition. This finding was, however, determined by a selection bias, as these individuals were solely ACPA+. CONCLUSION The shift from classical to nonclassical monocyte subpopulations was observed already in individuals at risk of developing RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Prajzlerová
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Kryštůfková
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Komarc
- Department of Methodology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Heřman Mann
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hulejová
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nora Petrovská
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Gregová
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Hánová
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Pavelka
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Vencovský
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Šenolt
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Filková
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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18
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HLA-DRB1 allelic epitopes that associate with autoimmune disease risk or protection activate reciprocal macrophage polarization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2599. [PMID: 33510427 PMCID: PMC7844024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Associations between particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and susceptibility to-or protection from-autoimmune diseases have been long observed. Allele-specific antigen presentation (AP) has been widely proposed as a culprit, but it is unclear whether HLA molecules might also have non-AP, disease-modulating effects. Here we demonstrate differential macrophage activation by HLA-DRB1 alleles known to associate with autoimmune disease risk or protection with resultant polarization of pro-inflammatory ("M1") versus anti-inflammatory ("M2") macrophages, respectively. RNA-sequencing analyses of in vitro-polarized macrophages in the presence of AP-incompetent short synthetic peptides corresponding to the third allelic hypervariable regions coded by those two HLA-DRB1 alleles showed reciprocal activation of pro- versus anti-inflammatory transcriptomes, with implication of corresponding gene ontologies and upstream regulators. These results identify a previously unrecognized mechanism of differential immune modulation by short HLA-DRB1-coded allelic epitopes independent of AP, and could shed new light on the mechanistic basis of HLA-disease association.
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19
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Zhang D, Li Z, Zhang R, Yang X, Zhang D, Li Q, Wang C, Yang X, Xiong Y. Identification of differentially expressed and methylated genes associated with rheumatoid arthritis based on network. Autoimmunity 2020; 53:303-313. [DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2020.1786069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - ZhaoFang Li
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - RongQiang Zhang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - XiaoLi Yang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - DanDan Zhang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xuena Yang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - YongMin Xiong
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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20
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Abstract
T cells recognize and respond to self antigens in both cancer and autoimmunity. One strategy to influence this response is to incorporate amino acid substitutions into these T cell-specific epitopes. This strategy is being reconsidered now with the goal of increasing time to regression with checkpoint blockade therapies in cancer and antigen-specific immunotherapies in autoimmunity. We discuss how these amino acid substitutions change the interactions with the MHC class I or II molecule and the responding T cell repertoire. Amino acid substitutions in epitopes that are the most effective in therapies bind more strongly to T cell receptor and/or MHC molecules and cross-react with the same repertoire of T cells as the natural antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E Slansky
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 E. 19thAvenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Maki Nakayama
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 E. 19thAvenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 1775 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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21
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Gautam S, Kumar U, Kumar M, Kanga U, Dada R. Association of HLA-G 3’UTR Polymorphisms with Soluble HLA-G Levels and Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case-Control Study. Immunol Invest 2019; 49:88-105. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1657146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Gautam
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Kumar
- Department of Rheumatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Kanga
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Purpose of review Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic disease of evolving immune dysregulation that culminates in joint destruction and disability. The principle by which pro-inflammatory cytokines may be therapeutically targeted to abrogate disease is well established, but has yet to translate into reliable cures for patients. Emerging insights into cytokine-mediated pathobiology during rheumatoid arthritis development are reviewed, and their implications for future treatment strategies considered. Recent findings Accumulating data highlight cytokine perturbations before the clinical onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Some of these have now been linked to the arthritogenic activation of autoantibodies and associated pain and bone destruction in affected joints. These observations suggest cytokines may trigger the transition from systemic immunity to arthritis. Cytokine exposure could furthermore ‘prime’ synovial stromal cells to perpetuate a dominant pro-inflammatory environment. By facilitating cross-talk between infiltrating immune cells and even sustaining ectopic lymphoid structure development in some cases, cytokine interplay ultimately underpins the failure of arthritis to resolve. Summary Successful therapeutic stratification will depend upon an increasingly sophisticated appreciation of how dominant players amongst cytokine networks vary across time and anatomical space during incipient rheumatoid arthritis. The prize of sustained remission for all patients justifies the considerable effort required to achieve this understanding.
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Frequency of human leukocyte antigens class II-DR alleles (HLA-DRB1) in Argentinian patients with early arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2018; 38:675-681. [PMID: 30306282 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-4319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or undifferentiated arthritis (UA) in the CONAART database (Argentine Consortium for Early Arthritis) were assessed for genetic risk factors for RA, specifically for HLA-DRB1 alleles and the PTPN22 rs2476601 polymorphism associated with progression to RA. This is a case-control study. Blood samples were obtained to determine HLA-DRB1 genotypes by PCR-SSO Luminex and PTPN22 (rs2476601) polymorphism by allelic discrimination. A control group of individuals from the general Argentinian population were obtained from the national register of cadaveric organ donors. A total of 1859 individuals were included in this analysis: 399 patients from the CONAART database (347 patients with RA at study end and 52 patients with UA at study end, mean follow-up time 25 ± 18 months) and 1460 individuals from the general Argentinian population. Compared with the controls, the HLA-DRB1*04 and DRB1*09 alleles were more commonly detected in patients with RA diagnosis (OR (95% CI) 2.23 (1.74-2.85) and 1.89 (1.26-2.81)) respectively. Both patients with UA and the general population showed higher frequency of DRB1*07, DRB1*11 and DRB1*15 alleles than patients with RA. PTPN22 rs2476601 polymorphism frequency was higher in RA and UA vs the general population; however, this was significantly different only for RA vs control group (OR [95% CI] = 1.81 [1.10-3.02], P = 0.018. HLA-DRB1 typing and PTPN22 allelic discrimination could distinguish between patients with UA, patients with early RA, and the general population in Argentina. This is the first study of HLA-DRB1 alleles and PTPN22 polymorphism associations with progression to early RA in an Argentinian population.
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald E Bontrop
- Biomedical Primate Research Center, PO Box 3306, 2280, Rijswijk, GH, Netherlands.
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